| borrelia burgdorferi ospc protein required exclusively in a crucial early stage of mammalian infection. | this study demonstrates a strict temporal requirement for a virulence determinant of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi during a unique point in its natural infection cycle, which alternates between ticks and small mammals. ospc is a major surface protein produced by b. burgdorferi when infected ticks feed but whose synthesis decreases after transmission to a mammalian host. we have previously shown that spirochetes lacking ospc are competent to replicate in and migrate to the sali ... | 2006 | 16714588 |
| infectivity of the highly transformable bbe02- lp56- mutant of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete, via ticks. | infectious borrelia burgdorferi strains that have increased transformability with the shuttle vector pbsv2 were recently constructed by inactivating the gene encoding bbe02, a putative restriction-modification gene product expressed by the linear plasmid lp25 (kawabata et al., infect. immun. 72:7147-7154, 2004). the absence of the linear plasmid lp56, which carries another putative restriction-modification gene, further enhanced transformation rates. the infectivity of these mutants was assessed ... | 2006 | 16714602 |
| the impact of immunosuppression on erythema migrans. a retrospective study of clinical presentation, response to treatment and production of borrelia antibodies in 33 patients. | little is known about the potential influence of immunosuppression on erythema migrans, the hallmark of early lyme borreliosis. | 2006 | 16716151 |
| a life cycle for borrelia spirochetes? | subsequent to schaudinn and hoffman's visualization of treponema pallidum in 1905, many distinguished syphilologists proposed that spirochetes have a life cycle. what is the "essence" of a life cycle? simply put, life cycles are diverse arrays of life forms, which emerge in an ordered sequence; which are "connected" to one another across primary and secondary hosts, and constitute a cycle with "circular" relationship between hosts. fecal-oral life cycles and blood-to-blood life cycles are exempl ... | 2006 | 16716532 |
| production of reactive oxygen species and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat isolated kupffer cells stimulated by leptospira interrogans and borrelia burgdorferi. | to evaluate the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in rat isolated kupffer cells (kcs) stimulated by leptospira interrogans and borrelia burgdorferi. | 2006 | 16718791 |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage due to borrelia burgdorferi-associated vasculitis. | we report the case history of a patient who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) in association with early lyme neuroborreliosis. after a tick bite, this patient developed erythema chronicum migrans and complained of stinging radicular pain in both legs. a computed tomography (ct) scan was performed because of acute headache and nuchal rigidity, which revealed an occipital sah. cerebrospinal fluid analysis provided further evidence of acute neuroborreliosis. digital substraction angiography ... | 2006 | 16722982 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi gene expression during mammalian infection using transcriptional fusions that produce green fluorescent protein. | a novel, infectious borrelia burgdorferi that expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp) was developed to examine the utility of this marker protein to label live bacteria during infection processes. use of a borrelial erpab promoter to direct gfp transcription supported previous indications that b. burgdorferi expresses erp genes during chronic mammalian infection and during acquisition by feeding ticks. live bacteria fluoresced and were seen to be located extracellularly in infected mice and wi ... | 2006 | 16723206 |
| louse-borne bacterial pathogens in lice (phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from egypt. | we collected 1,023 lice, representing 5 species, from rats and domestic cattle throughout 13 governorates in egypt and tested these lice for anaplasma marginale, bartonella spp., brucella spp., borrelia recurrentis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and rickettsia spp. by pcr amplification and sequencing. five different louse-borne bacterial agents were detected in lice from rodents or cattle, including "bartonella rattimassiliensis", "b. phoceensis", and bartonella sp. near bartonella ... | 2006 | 16729688 |
| detection of relapsing fever in human blood samples from israel using pcr targeting the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) gene. | relapsing fever caused by borrelia persica is an acute tick-borne disease infecting people in the middle east. a pcr test targeting the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) gene was used to detect infection in the blood of suspected relapsing fever patients. the assay detected infection in all 19 patients from israel who were spirochetemic by blood smear examination and in two additional patients with clinical relapsing fever who were negative by smear examination. patients were positi ... | 2006 | 16729949 |
| stat1 deficiency exacerbates carditis but not arthritis during experimental lyme borreliosis. | activation of the transcription factor stat1 by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is an important step in the development of antimicrobial effector mechanisms against many bacterial pathogens. susceptibility to murine lyme arthritis has been correlated with the production of several proinflammatory cytokines, especially ifn-gamma. to determine the role of ifn-mediated effector mechanisms in the development of lyme borreliosis, we infected stat1-deficient mice on both resistant (dba), and susceptible ... | 2006 | 16734559 |
| transient prolonged corrected qt interval in lyme disease. | lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, has known cardiovascular effects typically manifesting in varying degrees of atrioventricular block. three patients presented with qt interval prolongation associated with lyme disease, a previously unreported manifestation of lyme carditis. implications and a proposed clinical management approach are discussed. | 2006 | 16737890 |
| ixodes scapularis ticks collected by passive surveillance in canada: analysis of geographic distribution and infection with lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi. | passive surveillance for the occurrence of the tick ixodes scapularis say (1821) and their infection with the lyme borreliosis spirochaetes borrelia burgdorferi s.l. has taken place in canada since early 1990. ticks have been submitted from members of the public, veterinarians, and medical practitioners to provincial, federal, and university laboratories for identification, and the data have been collated and b. burgdorferi detected at the national microbiology laboratory. the locations of colle ... | 2006 | 16739422 |
| the bba01 protein, a member of paralog family 48 from borrelia burgdorferi, is potentially interchangeable with the channel-forming protein p13. | the borrelia burgdorferi genome exhibits redundancy, with many plasmid-carried genes belonging to paralogous gene families. it has been suggested that certain paralogs may be necessary in various environments and that they are differentially expressed in response to different conditions. the chromosomally located p13 gene which codes for a channel-forming protein belongs to paralog family 48, which consists of eight additional genes. of the paralogous genes from family 48, the bba01 gene has the ... | 2006 | 16740927 |
| borrelia burgdorferi ebfc, a novel, chromosomally encoded protein, binds specific dna sequences adjacent to erp loci on the spirochete's resident cp32 prophages. | all examined isolates of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, naturally maintain numerous variants of a prophage family as circular cp32 episomes. each cp32 carries a locus encoding one or two different erp outer membrane, surface-exposed lipoproteins. many of the erp proteins bind a host complement regulator, factor h, which is hypothesized to protect the spirochete from complement-mediated killing. we now describe the isolation and characterization of a novel, chromosomally encod ... | 2006 | 16740939 |
| crystal structure of neurotropism-associated variable surface protein 1 (vsp1) of borrelia turicatae. | vsp surface lipoproteins are serotype-defining antigens of relapsing fever spirochetes that undergo multiphasic antigenic variation to allow bacterial persistence in spite of an immune response. two isogenic serotypes of borrelia turicatae strain oz1 differ in their vsp sequences and in disease manifestations in infected mice: vsp1 is associated with the selection of a neurological niche, while vsp2 is associated with blood and skin infection. we report here crystal structures of the vsp1 dimer ... | 2006 | 16740958 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes scapularis ticks, chicago area. | | 2006 | 16752480 |
| [chrological and physiological age of the tick ixodes ricinus females]. | changes of the physiological age in 3 groups of the laboratory reared ixodes ricinus females were investigated over the period of 6-16 months. the longevity was studied in 27 groups of the tick females from a wild population during 2 seasons of the tick activity. physiological age of the tick females was determined at the beginning of the study and then monthly till the end of the study. it was established that physiological ageing takes place during the life of the tick, and the ageing of diffe ... | 2006 | 16755722 |
| [allele variants of borrelia afzelii found by sequencing of the chromosome gene p66]. | sequencing of gene p66 fragments of 246-337 p.b. was performed in 45 isolates of aorrelia afzelii isolated from different transmitting agents and reservoir hosts within the habitation area of the spirochaeta. at least seven allele variants of the pathogenic agent were found indifferent natural foci of the disease. the extent of similarity between the nucleotide sequences of the isolates of the same allele variant was 99.9-100%; the extent of similarity between different allele variants was 98.9- ... | 2006 | 16756001 |
| [borreliosis: report of a case of lyme disease]. | | 2006 | 16756899 |
| is neuroborreliosis a medical emergency? | although lyme disease affects the nervous system in many ways (collectively known as neuroborreliosis), only rarely does it present as a medical emergency. in extreme cases, it may cause (1) encephalitis, (2) a rapidly progressive peripheral neuropathy, or (3) a painful truncal radiculopathy that may be confused with a severe visceral process. knowing when to consider this spirochetosis in the differential diagnosis requires an understanding of its true clinical spectrum, and of an appropriate d ... | 2006 | 16757836 |
| [functional status of peripheral blood monocyte in patients with ixodes tick-borne borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis]. | the characteristics of the functional status of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages in patients with ixodes tick-borne acute borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis invasion were studied. the study revealed a decrease in the phagocytic activity of monocytes and in the level of expression of cell receptors fcgamma with the expression of cell receptors c3beta being normal. | 2006 | 16758907 |
| lyme borreliosis reinfection: might it be explained by a gender difference in immune response? | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease often manifesting as a circular skin lesion. this cutaneous form of the disease is known as erythema migrans. in a 5-year follow-up study in southern sweden, 31 of 708 individuals initially diagnosed with erythema migrans and treated with antibiotics were found to be reinfected with borrelia burgdorferi. although men and women were tick-bitten to the same extent, 27 of the 31 reinfected individuals were women, all of whom were over 44 years of age. the ai ... | 2006 | 16771857 |
| [lyme disease--a relatively new entity]. | purpose: to bring in the attention of the medical personnel a relatively new discovered disease with serious consequences, that is often mistaken with a great multitude of miscellaneous syndromes. also we want to highlight that it is not a rare disease taken into account its endemicity in europe and consequently in romania. summary: lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by a spirochete named "borrelia burgdorferi" transmitted to humans by a minuscule tick. it is a multi-systemic illness w ... | 2006 | 16773934 |
| comparison of five different immunoassays for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi igm and igg antibodies. | the performances of five commercially available enzyme immunoassays were compared for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi igm and igg antibodies. sensitivity was assessed with european serum samples collected from 45 patients with clinically defined lyme disease in conjunction with a positive immunoblot (n = 44) or other serological test (n = 1). sensitivities for the detection of igm and igg with each test were: dako igm 64%; dako igg 53%; serion igm 89%; and serion igg 88%. the immunetics as ... | 2006 | 16774561 |
| expression and secretion of recombinant outer-surface protein a from the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi, in nicotiana tabacum suspension cells. | the ospa gene of borrelia burgdorferi codes for an outer membrane lipoprotein, which is a major antigen of the lyme disease agent. recombinant ospa vaccines tested so far were expressed in escherichia coli. in this study, we investigated the expression of a soluble ospa protein in nicotiana tabacum suspension cells and evaluated the secretion of ospa driven by either its own bacterial signal peptide or a plant signal peptide fused to the amino-terminal cysteine of the mature form. in both cases, ... | 2006 | 16779648 |
| persistent brain infection and disease reactivation in relapsing fever borreliosis. | relapsing fever, an infection caused by borrelia spirochetes, is generally considered a transient, self-limiting disease in humans. the present study reveals that murine infection by borrelia duttonii can be reactivated after an extended time as a silent infection in the brain, with no bacteria appearing in the blood and spirochete load comparable to the numbers in an infected tick. the host cerebral gene expression pattern is indistinguishable from that of uninfected animals, indicating that pe ... | 2006 | 16782384 |
| borrelia burgdorferi induces tlr1 and tlr2 in human microglia and peripheral blood monocytes but differentially regulates hla-class ii expression. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the agent of lyme disease, which causes central nervous system manifestations in up to 20% of patients. we investigated the response of human brain microglial cells, glial progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, as well as peripheral blood monocytes to stimulation with b. burgdorferi. we used oligoarrays to detect changes in the expression of genes important for shaping adaptive and innate immune responses. we found that stimulation with b. burgdorferi lysate inc ... | 2006 | 16783164 |
| differential effects of alcohols on conformational switchovers in alpha-helical and beta-sheet protein models. | organic solvents may induce non-native structures of proteins that mimic folding intermediates and/or conformations that occur in proximity to biological membranes. here we systematically investigate the effects of simple (i.e., meoh and etoh) and fluorinated (i.e., trifluoroethanol, tfe) alcohols on the secondary structure and thermodynamic stability of two complementary model proteins using a combination of circular dichroism, fluorescence, and fourier transform infrared (ftir) detection metho ... | 2006 | 16784225 |
| identification of a tlr-independent pathway for borrelia burgdorferi-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory mediators through binding to integrin alpha 3 beta 1. | borrelia burgdorferi stimulates a robust inflammatory response at sites of localization. binding of borrelial lipoproteins to tlr-2 is one pathway important in the host response to b. burgdorferi. however, while tlr-2 is clearly important in control of infection, inflammation is actually worsened in the absence of tlr-2 or the shared tlr adapter molecule, myd88, suggesting that there are alternative pathways regulating inflammation. integrins are cell surface receptors that play an important rol ... | 2006 | 16785564 |
| lyme disease: questions and discussion. | diagnosis of lyme disease is problematic and results in both overtreatment and mistreatment. attention to epidemiology and physical findings will prevent inappropriate investigations and therapies. the disease has tropisms for specific tissues, and medical care should be tailored to the site and severity of infection. | 2006 | 16785577 |
| transcriptional regulation of the borrelia burgdorferi antigenically variable vlse surface protein. | the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi can persistently infect humans and other animals despite host active immune responses. this is facilitated, in part, by the vls locus, a complex system consisting of the vlse expression site and an adjacent set of 11 to 15 silent vls cassettes. segments of nonexpressed cassettes recombine with the vlse region during infection of mammalian hosts, resulting in combinatorial antigenic variation of the vlse outer surface protein. we now demonstrate that sy ... | 2006 | 16788197 |
| serologic proteome analysis of borrelia burgdorferi membrane-associated proteins. | lyme disease, a global health concern, is caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi, b. afzelii, or b. garinii. the spirochete responsible for the disease in the united states is b. burgdorferi and is spread by the bite of an infected ixodes tick. we utilized multiple two-dimensional gel techniques combined with proteomics to reveal the full humoral immune response of mice and lyme patients to membrane-associated proteins isolated from borrelia burgdorferi. our studies indicated that a subse ... | 2006 | 16790758 |
| relapsing fever spirochetes borrelia recurrentis and b. duttonii acquire complement regulators c4b-binding protein and factor h. | relapsing fever is a rapidly progressive and severe septic disease caused by certain borrelia spirochetes. the disease is divided into two forms, i.e., epidemic relapsing fever, caused by borrelia recurrentis and transmitted by lice, and the endemic form, caused by several borrelia species, such as b. duttonii, and transmitted by soft-bodied ticks. the spirochetes enter the bloodstream by the vector bite and live persistently in plasma even after the development of specific antibodies. this lead ... | 2006 | 16790790 |
| effect of forest clearing on the abundance of ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. | questing ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae) ticks were collected on a forest trail that had been completely cleared of shrubs and ground vegetation in winter 2002 and on a nearby control uncleared forest transect in south moravia (czech republic). samples were collected each may in 2003, 2004 and 2005. nymphal ticks were 3.4 times, 1.9 times and 1.2 times less frequent on cleared forest than on uncleared forest trails in the three respective years, whereas adult tick abundance was 27.2 times, 4 ... | 2006 | 16796612 |
| antigenic variation with a twist--the borrelia story. | a common mechanism of immune evasion in pathogenic bacteria and protozoa is antigenic variation, in which genetic or epigenetic changes result in rapid, sequential shifts in a surface-exposed antigen. in this issue of molecular microbiology, dai et al. provide the most complete description to date of the vlp/vsp antigenic variation system of the relapsing fever spirochaete, borrelia hermsii. this elaborate, plasmid-encoded system involves an expression site that can acquire either variable large ... | 2006 | 16796669 |
| antigenic variation by borrelia hermsii occurs through recombination between extragenic repetitive elements on linear plasmids. | the relapsing fever agent borrelia hermsii undergoes multiphasic antigenic variation through gene conversion of a unique expression site on a linear plasmid by an archived variable antigen gene. to further characterize this mechanism we assessed the repertoire and organization of archived variable antigen genes by sequencing approximately 85% of plasmids bearing these genes. most archived genes shared with the expressed gene a <or= 62 nucleotide (nt) region, the upstream homology sequence (uhs), ... | 2006 | 16796672 |
| persistent joint swelling and borrelia-specific antibodies in borrelia garinii-infected mice after eradication of vegetative spirochetes with antibiotic treatment. | we wanted to study the pathogenesis and the long-term manifestations of borrelia garinii infection in sjl and c3h/he mice. we report here that b. garinii a218 causes a persisting infection in these mouse strains. mice infected with intracutaneous inoculation of b. garinii at 4-5 weeks of age developed a disseminated infection and joint swelling within 2 weeks of inoculation and remained infected with joint symptoms until the end of follow-ups of up to 52 weeks. treatment with ceftriaxone or ampi ... | 2006 | 16797205 |
| possible role of tick-borne infection in "cat-scratch disease": comment on the article by giladi et al. | | 2006 | 16802385 |
| increased incidence of lyme borreliosis in southern sweden following mild winters and during warm, humid summers. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term incidence rate of lyme borreliosis and, additionally, to determine whether a correlation exists between climatic factors and summer-season variations in the incidence of lyme borreliosis. climatic variability acts directly on tick population dynamics and indirectly on human exposure to lyme borreliosis spirochetes. in this study, conducted in primary healthcare clinics in southeastern sweden, electronic patient records from 1997-2003 ... | 2006 | 16810531 |
| is lyme disease always poly microbial?--the jigsaw hypothesis. | lyme disease is considered to be caused by borrelia species of bacteria but slowly evidence is accumulating which suggests that lyme disease is a far more complex condition than borreliosis alone. this hypothesis suggests that it may be more appropriate to regard lyme disease as a tick borne disease complex. over recent years numerous different microbes have been found in ticks which are known to be zoonotic and can coinfect the human host. the hypothesis suggests that multiple coinfections are ... | 2006 | 16814477 |
| enhanced culture of borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii strains on a solid bsk-based medium in anaerobic conditions. | the growth of 29 human strains from the three main pathogenic species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato on a solid bsk-based medium was compared in two culture atmospheres: 3% co(2) air and anaerobiosis. all strains grew under anaerobic conditions, whereas only 13 strains were able to grow in aerobiosis with 3% co(2) (p<0.001). in the latter condition, 75% of the b. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains grew versus 33% of the b. garinii and b. afzelii strains. these data suggest that, especially fo ... | 2006 | 16814991 |
| incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in west africa: longitudinal study. | the ongoing drought in sub-saharan countries has led to the colonisation of west african savanna by ornithodoros sonrai; this tick acts as a vector for borrelia crocidurae, which causes tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf). our aim was to ascertain the incidence of tbrf in west africa. | 2006 | 16815378 |
| the pathogenesis of birdshot chorioretinopathy. | | 2006 | 16818087 |
| predictive model for lyme meningitis. | | 2006 | 16818599 |
| perpetuation of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia lusitaniae by lizards. | to determine whether the lyme disease spirochete borrelia lusitaniae is associated with lizards, we compared the prevalence and genospecies of spirochetes present in rodent- and lizard-associated ticks at a site where this spirochete frequently infects questing ticks. whereas questing nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks were infected mainly by borrelia afzelii, one-half of the infected adult ticks harbored b. lusitaniae at our study site. lyme disease spirochetes were more prevalent in sand lizards (la ... | 2006 | 16820453 |
| borrelia, coxiella, and rickettsia in carios capensis (acari: argasidae) from a brown pelican (pelecanus occidentalis) rookery in south carolina, usa. | argasid ticks are vectors of viral and bacterial agents of humans and animals. carios capensis, a tick of seabirds, infests the nests of brown pelicans, pelecanus occidentalis, and other ground nesting birds along the coast of south carolina. this tick is associated with pelican nest abandonment and could pose a threat to humans visiting pelican rookeries if visitors are exposed to ticks harboring infectious agents. we collected ticks from a pelican rookery on deveaux bank, south carolina and sc ... | 2006 | 16821092 |
| atomic-resolution crystal structure of borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein a via surface engineering. | outer surface protein a (ospa) from borrelia burgdorferi has an unusual dumbbell-shaped structure in which two globular domains are connected with a "single-layer" beta-sheet (slb). the protein is highly soluble, and it has been recalcitrant to crystallization. only ospa complexes with fab fragments have been successfully crystallized. ospa contains a large number of lys and glu residues, and these "high entropy" residues may disfavor crystal packing because some of them would need to be immobil ... | 2006 | 16823038 |
| regulation and expression of bba66 encoding an immunogenic infection-associated lipoprotein in borrelia burgdorferi. | when borrelia burgdorferi (bb) is transmitted from a tick vector to a mammalian host the spirochaete alters gene expression, allowing for adaptation to the new host. we evaluated the regulation of paralogous gene family (pgf) 54 members in response to environmental cues and focused our efforts on determining the molecular mechanisms influencing bba66 expression. by qrt-pcr, bba65, bba66, bba71 and bba73 displayed regulation similar to ospc under mammalian-like conditions. of the pgf 54 members, ... | 2006 | 16824109 |
| [the patient is worried about tick bite. is it usefull to test for borrelia?]. | | 2006 | 16826732 |
| [ticks and borreliosis--an underestimated danger]. | | 2006 | 16826936 |
| spirochetal cyst forms in neurodegenerative disorders,...hiding in plain sight. | here is proposed a hypothesis that a completely unsuspected biology exists for pathogenic spirochetes, namely that the cystic spirochetal forms (long thought to be static and resting or just a dormant cohort) actually are capable of killing mammalian host cells. at least two "lethal" scenarios are proposed; first, the host cell destruction from the "inside out" by small caliber cystic forms invading the host cell cytoplasm, and second host cell destruction by engulfment of entire host cells by l ... | 2006 | 16828236 |
| [genetic heterogeneity of borrelia afzelii in the natural focus of the middle urals]. | as shown by sequencing the spacer rrf (5s)--rrl (23s) in 72 isolates of b. afzelii (one of the causative agents of ixodes tick borne borrelia infections) and the chromosomal gene coding protein p66 in 22 isolates, that in the natural focus located in the middle urals two different genetic subgroups (vs461 and nt28) of this genospecies simultaneously circulate. these subgroups are represented by 5 gene variants (rrf) 5s--(rrl) 23s and 5 allelic variants in gene p66. the latter, similarly to space ... | 2006 | 16830585 |
| primary cutaneous marginal zone b-cell lymphoma. | primary cutaneous marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (pcmzl) is included as one of the major types of primary cutaneous b-cell lymphoma in the revised world health organization-european organization for research and treatment of cancer classification. clinically, pcmzl is an indolent disease and has an excellent prognosis. pcmzl is composed of a polymorphous infiltrate that includes centrocyte-like, monocytoid, and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells. numerous reactive t cells and lymphoi ... | 2006 | 16830956 |
| photochemical treatment of plasma with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates pathogens while retaining coagulation function. | the intercept blood system, a photochemical treatment (pct) process, has been developed to inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates. these studies evaluated the efficacy of pct to inactivate pathogens in plasma and the effect of pct on plasma function. | 2006 | 16836564 |
| migratory passerine birds as reservoirs of lyme borreliosis in europe. | to define the role of birds as reservoirs and disseminators of borrelia spirochetes, we characterized tick infestation and reservoir competence of migratory passerine birds in sweden. a total of 1,120 immature ixodes ricinus ticks were removed from 13,260 birds and assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, followed by dna sequencing for species and genotype identification. distributions of ticks on birds were aggregated, presumably because of varying encounters with t ... | 2006 | 16836825 |
| postexposure treatment with doxycycline for the prevention of tick-borne relapsing fever. | tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf) is an acute febrile illness. in israel, tbrf is caused by borrelia persica and is transmitted by ornithodoros tholozani ticks. we examined the safety and efficacy of postexposure treatment to prevent tbrf. | 2006 | 16837678 |
| [dynamics of tick populations (ixodes ricinus l) in sleza massif and their role as the vectors of lime boreliosis]. | | 2005 | 16838630 |
| evaluation of the c6 enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis in north-eastern italy. | a novel antigen preparation--the synthetic c6 peptide, a conserved portion of the variable vlse antigens of borrelia burgdorferi--has been evaluated for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis (lb) by an elisa procedure. serum specimens were from early and late lb patients, all resident in an endemic area in north-eastern italy. the specificity of the test approached the 100% and sensitivity was in the order of 63% (early lb) and 100% (late lb); this performance is superior to the preceding generation ... | 2006 | 16841555 |
| presence of potentially pathogenic babesia sp. for human in ixodes ricinus in switzerland. | we have designed and performed a new pcr method based on the 18s rrna in order to individuate the presence and the identity of babesia parasites. out of 1159 ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) ticks collected in four areas of switzerland, nine were found to contain babesia dna. sequencing of the short amplicon obtained (411-452 bp) allowed the identification of three human pathogenic species: babesia microti, b. divergens, for the first time in switzerland, babesia sp. eu1. we also report coinfect ... | 2006 | 16841874 |
| failure to demonstrate borrelia burgdorferi-specific dna in lesions of eosinophilic fasciitis. | | 2006 | 16842252 |
| toll-like receptors in borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation. | lyme arthritis, the most common manifestation of late lyme disease, has been associated with the presence of borellia burgdorferi in the joint. however, it is still unclear whether the pathogen itself is able to elicit such a sustained inflammatory response, or whether an aberrant immunological reaction of the host is the main driving force. borrelia antigens, including lipoproteins, flagellin and dna, are ligands of toll-like receptors, and can thus elicit a strong stimulation of host cells, su ... | 2006 | 16842565 |
| characterization of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) protein expression in primary murine microglia. | we demonstrate that primary microglia express nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) proteins that are thought to serve as novel pattern recognition receptors for bacterial peptidoglycan motifs. nod2 is constitutively present in microglia and is upregulated following exposure to borrelia burgdorferi or neisseria meningitidis. its expression is also elevated following exposure to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands and muramyl dipeptide (mdp), a putative ligand for nod2. microglia express e ... | 2006 | 16842862 |
| clinical relevance of different igg and igm serum antibody responses to borrelia burgdorferi after antibiotic therapy for erythema migrans: long-term follow-up study of 113 patients. | to investigate the kinetics of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies for a minimum of 1 year after antibiotic therapy in patients with erythema migrans (em) and to correlate antibody titer kinetics with clinical variables. | 2006 | 16847202 |
| lyme borreliosis and borrelia spielmanii. | | 2006 | 16848050 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in forestry workers from the lublin region]. | ticks are recently regarded as ones of the most important vectors of emerging diseases. one of these diseases is human granulocytic ehrlichiosis caused by obligatory intracellular microorganism recently named as anaplasma phagocytophilum. 334 sera from forestry workers and 56 sera from blood donors (as a control group) were collected and examined for antibodies to a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi. the antibodies were found statistically more frequently in sera from foresters compared to ser ... | 2004 | 16859027 |
| [prevalence of ixodes ricinus infection with borrelia burgdorferi s.l.: seasonal and annual variations]. | the present study deals with the ecology of lyme borreliosis in northern poland. the complexity of environmental conditions are: (1) the presence of certain rodent hosts for the borrelia, (2) the seasonal patterns of abundance and infection rate of i. ricinus in the population of rodents and on vegetation, (3) the prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l., b. garinii and b. afzelii. the long-term studies were carried out on a monthly basis from april to october (1998-2001) in woodlands at urwitałt near ... | 2004 | 16859032 |
| [biology of ixodes ricinus (l.) and its pathogens in wrocław area]. | within 2001-2003, a total of 4743 ticks of ixodes ricinus were trapped from the forest area in masyw sliy (lower silesia, poland) near wrocław. common distribution of ixodid ticks in all examined habitats, located near touristic routes, are potential loci of lyme borreliosis in these recreational areas. out of 1108 tick samples examined by the observation in dfm for the presence of spirochetes, 6.7% were positive. the highest percent of infected ticks (13.1%) was found in 2003. | 2004 | 16859033 |
| [arm yourself with knowledge! tick-triggered panic in the doctor's office]. | | 2006 | 16859156 |
| [ticks, tick bites and how best to remove the tick]. | as a rule, the tick, ixodes ricinus, is picked up when its victim walks through low vegetation and brushes it off a leaf or blade of grass. often hours later, the tick scores the skin at the site it selects and then pushes its barbed hypostome into the tiny wound to anchor itself to its victim with the aid of a cement-like substance and the barbs. while it sucks up blood, borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes pass out of the tick's intestine into its salivary glands and thence into the host. it is th ... | 2006 | 16859157 |
| [early diagnosis of lyme borreliosis]. | the local inflammatory reaction following a tick bite varies considerably, so that in particular the frequently atypical variations result in a wrong diagnosis and thus to inappropriate treatment. if a tick bite is followed within three weeks by flue-like or neurological symptoms, or joint swelling in the vicinity of the bite, a serological investigation work-up should be carried out. in the early stage, however, borrelia-specific antibodies can be detected in only 30-80% of the patients. howeve ... | 2006 | 16859158 |
| [stage-oriented treatment of lyme borreliosis]. | every manifestation of lyme borreliosis needs to be treated with antibiotics. the type of antibiotic applied and duration of treatment will depend on the stage and severity of the disease. erythema migrans, borrelia lymphocytoma, lyme arthritis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans are primarily treated orally. if neurological symptoms, severe lyme carditis or eye manifestations are present, intravenous treatment is initially recommended. for oral therapy, doxycycline, amoxicillin, cefuroxime ... | 2006 | 16859159 |
| immunological and molecular analyses of the borrelia hermsii factor h and factor h-like protein 1 binding protein, fhba: demonstration of its utility as a diagnostic marker and epidemiological tool for tick-borne relapsing fever. | it has been demonstrated that borrelia hermsii, a causative agent of relapsing fever, produces a factor h (fh) and fh-like protein 1 (fhl-1) binding protein. the binding protein has been designated fhba. to determine if fh/fhl-1 binding is widespread among b. hermsii isolates, a diverse panel of strains was tested for the fh/fhl-1 binding phenotype and fhba production. most isolates (23/24) produced fhba and bound fh/fhl-1. potential variation in fhba among isolates was analyzed by dna sequence ... | 2006 | 16861638 |
| antibody-mediated disease remission in the mouse model of lyme borreliosis. | in the mouse model of lyme borreliosis, the host immune response during infection with borrelia burgdorferi results in the remission of carditis and arthritis, as well as global reduction of spirochete numbers in tissues, without elimination of infection. these events were recapitulated by passive transfer of immune serum from infected immunocompetent mice or t-cell-deficient mice to severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. previous studies have shown that immune serum is reactive against ar ... | 2006 | 16861670 |
| tlr2 expression in relation to il-6 and il-1beta and their natural regulators production by pmn and pbmc in patients with lyme disease. | recently, it has been reported that tlr2 on macrophages plays a unique role in the inflammatory response and host defense to infection with borrelia burgdorferi (bb) which is an etiologic agent of lyme disease. experimental studies show that pmns also play an essential role in infection control by bb. however, there is no available data about tlr2 expression on pmn in the course of lyme disease. in the present study, tlr2 expression and production of il-1beta and il-6 as well as their natural re ... | 2006 | 16864901 |
| [occurence of pathogenic genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from north-western poland]. | in order to learn the heterogeneity of the dna of b. burgdorferi s.l. and the prevalence of co-infections of b. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies in the populations of i. ricinus, collected in north-western poland, the nested pcr method was applied, a fragment of the fla gene being used as a marker. basing on the prevalence data of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna in i. ricinus ticks in 8 sampling sites during 1998-2001, it may be stated that a risk of contracting lyme disease exists in forested areas of nort ... | 2004 | 16865967 |
| [anaplasma phagocytophila and protozoans of babesia genus in dogs from endemic areas of lyme disease in north-western poland]. | infections caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato may be accompanied by other microorganisms, such as anaplasma, ehrlichia and babesia. these pathogens are transmitted by the ticks and are a risk to humans and animals. ixodes ricinus ticks collected from recreational areas of szczecin and northwestern poland contained dna of the pathogens mentioned above and cases of double and triple coinfection have been documented. the aim of this paper was to determine if dogs suspect to ti ... | 2004 | 16865968 |
| borrelia burgdorferi: a new self-mimicking trigger in primary biliary cirrhosis. | | 2006 | 16870516 |
| lyme myositis. | myositis has been reported as a rare manifestation of lyme disease, and lyme myositis can be an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of unusual cases, especially in patients who live in or travel to endemic areas. we report the case of a 43-year-old man who presented with focal myositis of the proximal lower extremity and was subsequently diagnosed as having lyme myositis. the patient had previously experienced a febrile illness and rash, but had no ongoing symptoms of lyme dise ... | 2006 | 16871548 |
| a novel lymphocyte transformation test (ltt-melisa) for lyme borreliosis. | diagnosis of active lyme borreliosis (lb) remains a challenge in clinically ambiguous, serologically indeterminant, and polymerase chain reaction-negative patients. lymphocyte transformation tests (ltts) have been applied to detect specific cellular immune reactivity, but their clinical application has been severely hampered by the poorly defined borrelia antigens and nonstandardized ltt formats used. in this study, we describe the development and clinical relevance of a novel ltt using a valida ... | 2007 | 16876371 |
| borrelia hermsii causing relapsing fever and uveitis. | to describe a case of uveitis that is associated with borrelia hermsii relapsing fever. | 2006 | 16876531 |
| dog tick-borne diseases in sicily. | in sicily many tick borne diseases are endemic, in particular way those that see like main carrier ticks that prefer, for their vital cycle, climatic conditions characterized by high temperatures and a warmth-humid atmosphere. the more important pathologies transmitted by ticks causing diseases in dogs are babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia conorii, coxiella burnetii and tick transmitted encephalitis virus assume particular relevance because ... | 2006 | 16881419 |
| [plaut-vincent's acute necrotizing ulcerative fusospirillum tonsillitis associated to infectious mononucleosis]. | we report the case of a 14 years old girl patient with recurrent tonsillitis who had been diagnosed and admitted previously with plaut-vincent's angina. six weeks after leaving the hospital she was assited in emergencies by an infectious mononucleosis associated to unilateral tonsillar necrotizing ulceration from which a sample was taken to microbiological exam finding the fusospirochaetal complex borrelia vincenti and fusobacterium necrophorum. a literature review at the respect of such associa ... | 2006 | 16881548 |
| reciprocal upregulation of urokinase plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, pai-2, by borrelia burgdorferi affects bacterial penetration and host-inflammatory response. | the mammalian plasminogen activation system (pas) is a complex system involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. borrelia burgdorferi interacts with certain components of the pas. here we further investigate this interaction to determine its effect on bacterial dissemination and host cell migration in vitro. we show that stimulation of monocytic cells with b. burgdorferi induces the transient production and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (upa), shortly followed ... | 2006 | 16882037 |
| evaluation of an internally controlled real-time pcr targeting the ospa gene for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in cerebrospinal fluid. | this study reports the development and evaluation of an internally controlled real-time pcr targeting the ospa gene for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii and borrelia valaisiana. dna was extracted using qiaamp dna blood mini kit columns. dna from 33 b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains reacted in the assay, whereas no reactivity was observed with dna from four relapsing fever borrelia spp., 11 unrelated spirochaetes, and 31 unrelated microorganisms. ... | 2006 | 16882295 |
| seroprevalence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in berlin/brandenburg, germany: an 8-year survey. | this study investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum in berlin/brandenburg, north-eastern germany. during 1994-2001, 422 sera from patients with proven tick-exposure (specimens with antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi) were compared with 249 control sera. using indirect fluorescent antibody testing, significantly more positive samples were detected among borrelia antibody-positive specimens (4.5%, 95% ci 2.5-6.5%) than among controls (1.2%, 95% ci 0.5-1. ... | 2006 | 16882301 |
| genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in peromyscus leucopus, the primary reservoir of lyme disease in a region of endemicity in southern maryland. | in the north central and northeastern united states, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the etiologic agent of lyme disease (ld), is maintained in an enzootic cycle between the vector, ixodes scapularis, and the primary reservoir host, peromyscus leucopus. genetic diversity of the pathogen based on sequencing of two plasmid-located genes, those for outer surface protein a (ospa) and outer surface protein c (ospc), has been examined in both tick and human specimens at local, regional, and worldw ... | 2006 | 16885284 |
| [genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in north-west poland]. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.), the etiological agent of lyme diesease, is transmitted by the bite of ixodes ricinus. during may and september 1999, field surveys on lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in three locations of a region of north-west poland, known as recreational districts visited by many people. the ticks ixodes ricinus were collected in natural habitats by dragging a flanel cloth over the vegetation. sex and developmental stage of each tick were determined. based on a ... | 2000 | 16886329 |
| [ii nd international seminar: "arthropods - parasitics, alergogenics and poisonous - medical and sanitary significance" in kazimierz dolny, poland]. | | 2000 | 16886337 |
| [isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks ixodes ricinus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)]. | attempts were made to identify the causative orgamsm of lyme disease in szczecin from tick ixodes ricinus as a vector. ticks were collected in 1997 year in forest areas of szczecin, from localites associated with numerous attendance of people. the method used in this study was the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on the flagellin structural gene fla of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. the flagellin pcr primer set reaction was conservative for b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii and b. gar ... | 2000 | 16886357 |
| [co-infection of borrelia garinii and b. afzelii in a population of wild rodents from woodland]. | the maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in the environment is dependent on the zoonotic cycle involving tick vectors and certain reservoir hosts. it is well known, that the same species of wild rodents, as well as the vector ixodes ricinus, are often co-infected with at least two genomospecies of b. burgdorferi s.l.: b. afzelii and b. garinii. the ticks collected from two rodent species: clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis were examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l., ... | 2001 | 16886420 |
| [enzootic reservoir for new ixodes ricinus-transmitted infections]. | in the last decade new tick-transmitted zoonoses have emerged as threats to the public health in europe. they are mostly due to infection by borrelia burgdorferi s.i., babesia divergens, b. microti and ehrlichia sp. all these pathogens are transmitted by the rodent-feeding ticks of ixodes persulcatus "complex". also there is first serological information of coexistence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi, b. microti and ehrlichia sp. in human exposured to these multiple tick-transmitted pathogens. a ... | 1999 | 16886454 |
| [clinical picture of lyme boreliosis]. | prevalence of lyme borreliosis in europe has been well esablished during the last decade. the highest morbidity in poland, exceeding 100 cases (100.000) year, was demonstrated in north-estern part of the country. additional small endemic areas were also described in south-western and central part of the country. clinical picture of the disease do not differ significantly from observed in other parts of europe. lyme borreliosis is characterized with a wide variety of manifestations recognized as ... | 1999 | 16886455 |
| threats to international travellers posed by tick-borne diseases. | to date, 14 tick-borne diseases have been reported in international travellers, the majority of cases being lyme borreliosis caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in north america and eurasia, african tick bite fever caused by rickettsia africae in sub-saharan africa and eastern caribbean, and central european encephalitis caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus in europe. the clinical presentation is frequently non-specific, and tick-borne diseases should always, in the absence of other lik ... | 2006 | 16887719 |
| autoantibodies from synovial lesions in chronic, antibiotic treatment-resistant lyme arthritis bind cytokeratin-10. | although the causative agent of lyme disease is definitively known to be the tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, the etiology of chronic joint inflammation that ensues in a subset of patients remains less well understood. persistence of arthritis after apparent eradication of the spirochete suggests an autoimmune reaction downstream of the original bacterial infection. we have generated recombinant ab probes from synovial lesions within affected arthritic joints in an attempt to recapit ... | 2006 | 16888010 |
| occurrence of the spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi sensulato in ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) from selected municipal woods of the city of poznań. | | 1999 | 16888996 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks, ixodes ricinus in tarnowskie góry district]. | borrelia burgdorferi is an aetiological factor of borreliosis (lyme disease). the main vectors of borrelia burgdorferi are larvae, nymphs, and females of ixodes ricinus. the aim of this paper was to analyse infection parameters of borrelia burgdorferi in a selected populations of ixodes ricinus. the study was conducted in tarnowskie góry administrative district (krupski młyn, zielona, lubliniec, tarnowskie góry, swierklaniec, tworóg, and zbrosławice). a total of 85 ticks were collected with a pi ... | 2003 | 16889016 |
| [evaluation of occurrence of spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks in selected areas of the lublin region by polymerase chain reaction method (pcr)]. | during the period 2001-2002, 1098 ixodes ricinus ticks were collected at forest sampling sites and the degree of their infection with borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes was determined by means of polimerase chain reaction (pcr). the presence of borrelia burgdorferi genetic material was noted in 69 cases (6.3%). it was confirmed that the frequency of infection of adult forms of ticks (males and females) was nearly twice as high as nymphs. the highest degree of infection was observed in females--9.5 ... | 2003 | 16889023 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus population in forests of north-western poland]. | the ticks ixodes ricinus were collected during three growing seasons in forested areas of north-western poland. the ticks were collected by flagging at 30 sites. the specimens collected (nymphs and adults) were subjected, after an appropiate treatment, to indirect immunofluorescence analysis (ifa). in addition, effects of temperature and atmospheric precipitation on the tick infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi were investigated based on data supplied by the institute of meteorolo ... | 2003 | 16889030 |
| reservoir role of lizard psammodromus algirus in transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetaceae) in tunisia. | to investigate the reservoir role of the lizard psammodromus algirus for the lyme disease spirochete, 199 lizards were trapped from april to october 2003 in el jouza, northwestern tunisia. in this site, the infection rate of free-living ixodes ricinus (l.) by borrelia was evaluated by immunofluorescence as 34.6% for adult ticks and 12.5% for nymphs. eighty percent of p. algirus (117/146) captured during this study were infested by i. ricinus, the predominant tick species collected from lizards. ... | 2006 | 16892633 |
| sylvatic maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales) in northern california: untangling the web of transmission. | lyme borreliosis is associated with several genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) (spirochaetales), but human disease has been associated only with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in the western united states. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of rrf-rrl amplicons from 124 tick and mammalian isolates from various habitats yielded 13 rflp patterns. of these patterns, six were patterns previously associat ... | 2006 | 16892634 |