| molecular basis of antigenic structures of poliovirus: implications for their evolution during morphogenesis. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against poliovirus type 1 were obtained after conventional immunization or combined in vivo-in vitro immunization. antibody binding sites were determined by sequence analysis of neutralization-resistant mutants. site 3 variants had several amino acid substitutions in previously unidentified positions for neutralization resistance. evidence for a linkage of subsites 3a and 3b is presented. some site 3b antibodies as defined previously precipitated 14s subunits, ... | 1992 | 1376371 |
| poliovirus rna recombination: mechanistic studies in the absence of selection. | direct and quantitative detection of recombinant rna molecules by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) provides a novel method for studying recombination in rna viruses without selection for viable progeny. the parental poliovirus strains used in this study contained polymorphic marker loci approximately 600 bases apart; both exhibited wild-type growth characteristics. we established conditions under which the amount of pcr product was linearly proportional to the amount of input template, and the re ... | 1992 | 1379178 |
| poliovirus-specific major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytolytic t-cell epitopes in mice localize to neutralizing antigenic regions. | a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response is induced in balb/c mice upon immunization with poliovirus serotype 1 (mahoney strain). a similar class i-restricted response is also induced upon immunization with purified vp1 capsid proteins. thus, poliovirus-specific mhc class i ctl responses can be induced independently of viral infection in murine hosts. in experiments using recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing different segments of ... | 1992 | 1382144 |
| antibody response to bordetella pertussis antigens after immunization with american and canadian whole-cell vaccines. | because of apparent differences in the incidence and epidemiology of pertussis in the united states and canada, we measured the antibody response to four bordetella pertussis antigens and to a whole-bacteria preparation in children immunized with american and canadian whole-cell pertussis vaccines. all infants received combined pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria vaccines from one of two american manufacturers or a single canadian manufacturer. the canadian children received either oral poliomyel ... | 1992 | 1403383 |
| cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the rna genome of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, a picornavirus belonging to the genus cardiovirus, is translated in infected cells to a polyprotein. unlike cellular messages, the 5' end of the rna is not capped, and the untranslated region (utr) is quite long (1,064 nucleotides in size). in poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus, the 5'utr is thought to mediate cap-independent translation. we report here experiments to determine the role of the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis ... | 1992 | 1404591 |
| effect of concurrent viral infection on systemic and local antibody responses to live attenuated and enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccines. | to determine the effect of an asymptomatic nonpolioviral infection on the immune response to poliovirus vaccines. | 1992 | 1415071 |
| amino acid sequence of the human protein synthesis initiation factor eif-4 gamma. | eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor (eif) 4 gamma, also known as p220, is a component of the protein complex eif-4, which is involved in the recognition of the mrna cap, atp-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mrna to the ribosome. peptide sequence data from rabbit reticulocyte eif-4 gamma was used to synthesize oligonucleotide probes and polymerase chain reaction primers. these were used to screen lambda-cdna libraries from rabbit and human brain ... | 1992 | 1429670 |
| [postvaccinal reactions to simultaneous administration of the triple viral, oral polio and diphtheria-tetanus vaccines compared with their administration in sequence]. | to compare the frequency and characteristics of post-vaccination reactions, between on the one hand the simultaneous administration of the oral antipolio (op), the triple virus (tv) and the anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus (dt) vaccines; and on the other hand, their administration in sequence. | 1992 | 1457705 |
| progress towards the global eradication of poliomyelitis. | poliomyelitis has been virtually eliminated from the industrialized countries by mass campaigns conducted with oral polio vaccine (opv). in 1988, the world health assembly set the goal of global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. the current who strategy for eradication uses three primary activities beyond routine immunization with opv. they are: (i) improved disease surveillance, (ii) building a global network of laboratories, and (iii) supplemental immunization strategies which inc ... | 1992 | 1462662 |
| presence of human immunodeficiency virus nucleic acids in wastewater and their detection by polymerase chain reaction. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) released by infected individuals or present in human and hospital wastes can potentially cause contamination problems. the presence of hiv-1 was investigated in 16 environmental samples, including raw wastewater, sludge, final effluent, soil, and pond water, collected from different locations. a method was developed to extract total nucleic acids in intact form directly from the raw samples or from the viral concentrates of the raw samples. the iso ... | 1992 | 1476440 |
| hazards of vaccine production. | | 1992 | 1478477 |
| the c terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein is involved in early steps of the virus life cycle. | deletion mutations at the c terminus of the matrix (ma) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. the resultant mutant viruses had a severe defect in virus infectivity. this defect did not involve late steps of the virus life cycle, as the synthesis and processing of the gag polyprotein and the assembly and release of mutant virions were not greatly affected. the incorporation of viral proteins and the viral rna genome was similar for mut ... | 1992 | 1501299 |
| inactivation of measles virus and herpes simplex virus by saikosaponin d. | saikosaponin d, isolated from the roots of bulpleurum falcatum l. was investigated for both its inactivating effects on some viruses and its antiviral effects against the viruses in vitro. saikosaponin d at a concentration of more than 5 microm had direct inactivating effects on both measles virus and herpes simplex virus after incubation of the viruses with the agent for more than 10 min at room temperature. in contrast, exposure of poliovirus to even 500 microm of saikosaponin d resulted in no ... | 1992 | 1529029 |
| simultaneous injection of hepatitis b vaccine with bcg and killed poliovirus vaccine. | in most developing countries, hepatitis b virus is endemic and prevention has to be carried out early in life and on a mass scale. in these regions, simultaneous administration of multiple antigens is normal practice. we have therefore investigated the interaction of hepatitis b vaccine with bcg and inactivated polio vaccine. the serological antibody response to poliovirus and hbsag as well as the cellular immune response to tuberculin post bcg immunization were assessed. the immune responses to ... | 1992 | 1533479 |
| poliomyelitis: eradication in sight. | eradication of poliomyelitis most likely will occur. in fact, it is almost gone from the western hemisphere. health workers in sweden, finland, and the netherlands routinely vaccinate almost all children with the inactivated poliovaccines (ipv). despite good vaccination coverage, polio can still occur. for example, in 1978-1979, polio outbreaks occurred among people of closely knit interconnected religious groups in the netherlands. the virulent type 1 poliovirus was imported from the middl ... | 1992 | 1547830 |
| debate on aids origin: rolling stone weighs in. | | 1992 | 1549779 |
| epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the united states one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease. | poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus has been virtually nonexistent in the united states since 1980, and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp) has emerged as the predominant form of the disease. we reviewed national surveillance data on poliomyelitis for 1960-1989 to assess the changing risks of wild-virus, vaccine-associated, and imported paralytic disease; we also sought to characterize the epidemiology of poliomyelitis for the period 1980-1989. the risk of vapp has remained exc ... | 1992 | 1554844 |
| childhood immunizations: a practical approach for clinicians. | family physicians can play a key role in reversing the resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses by making sure that patients are fully immunized. childhood immunization schedules have recently changed. a second dose of measles, mumps and rubella (mmr) vaccine should be given at age four to six years. it has been recommended that hepatitis b vaccine be administered routinely to all infants in the united states. both hepatitis b vaccine and hepatitis b immunoglobulin should be given to offsprin ... | 1992 | 1558051 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a murine homolog of the human poliovirus receptor gene. | the poliovirus receptor (pvr) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins, but its function in the cell is not known. southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the murine genome contains a sequence homolog of pvr. as a first step toward using the murine pvr homolog (mph) to study the function of pvr, murine genomic and cdna clones encoding mph were isolated. mph encodes a polypeptide with extensive sequence similarity to the extracellular domains of the human pvr. mph mrn ... | 1992 | 1560525 |
| serological and virological assessment of oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in a rural population in kenya. | a study was carried out in a rural community in kenya to compare the humoral and intestinal immunity provided by three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) and two or three doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv). the immunization series was started at 8-12 weeks of age and the interval between doses was 2 months. in children with low levels of maternal antibodies (i.e., those most at risk), the first dose of either vaccine stimulated antibody response. children with hig ... | 1992 | 1568283 |
| translational control by influenza virus. selective and cap-dependent translation of viral mrnas in infected cells. | in cells infected by influenza virus type a, host protein synthesis undergoes a rapid and dramatic shutoff. to define the molecular mechanisms underlying this selective translation, a transfection/infection protocol was developed utilizing viral and cellular cdna clones. when cos-1 cells were transfected with cdnas encoding nonviral genes and subsequently infected with influenza virus, protein expression from the exogenous genes was diminished, similar to the endogenous cellular genes. however, ... | 1992 | 1577765 |
| vaccinia virus-mediated inhibition of host protein synthesis involves neither degradation nor underphosphorylation of components of the cap-binding eukaryotic translation initiation factor complex eif-4f. | recent reports indicated that vaccinia virus late mrnas contain a unique 5' poly(a) leader sequence and that the in vitro translation of these mrnas may be relatively cap-independent. these observations led us to examine the possibility that the mechanism of inhibition of host protein synthesis by vaccinia virus, like that of certain other viruses, involves specific modifications of the cap-binding translation initiation factor complex eif-4f. the eif-4f complex was affinity-purified from human ... | 1992 | 1585660 |
| the use of selected interventions in monitoring primary health care implementation in rural nigeria. | nigeria's primary health care (phc)-based health system development aims to strengthen phc in the local government areas (lga) through technical planning and implementation that emphasize maternal and child health services. convenient variables, including expanded programme on immunization (epi), antenatal care (anc) utilization and attended births, were selected as interventions to monitor the progress of implementation of phc activities during 1985-90 in odukpani lga. analysis of available dat ... | 1992 | 1589661 |
| immunization opportunities missed among urban poor children. | low immunization rates among us preschool children suggest a need for improved immunization practices. immunization and encounter records were reviewed to ascertain immunization rates and missed opportunities for vaccine administration among 515 preschool children who were active patients at a hospital-based primary care center serving lower socioeconomic status families in rochester, ny. the point prevalence at a mean age of 4.4 years for lack of one or more recommended immunizations was 27%; 7 ... | 1992 | 1594341 |
| possible origins of aids. | | 1992 | 1598560 |
| possible origins of aids. | | 1992 | 1598561 |
| statistical evaluation of virus titres of working standard of oral polio vaccine. | | 1992 | 1598789 |
| conservation of rna-protein interactions among picornaviruses. | picornavirus genomes encode unique 5' noncoding regions (5' ncrs) which are approximately 600 to 1,300 nucleotides in length, contain multiple upstream aug codons, and display the ability to form extensive secondary structures. a number of recent reports have shown that picornavirus 5' ncrs are able to facilitate cap-independent internal initiation of translation. this mechanism of translation occurs in the absence of viral gene products, suggesting that the host cell contains the necessary comp ... | 1992 | 1602550 |
| lack of direct correlation between p220 cleavage and the shut-off of host translation after poliovirus infection. | poliovirus induces a drastic inhibition of host protein synthesis soon after infection of susceptible cells. the correlation between this inhibition and the cleavage of p220, a polypeptide that forms part of protein synthesis initiation factor elf-4f, has been examined in detail. measurements of protein synthesis at half-hourly intervals after infection with poliovirus show the lack of direct correlation between p220 cleavage and the blockade of cellular translation. moreover, the use of inhibit ... | 1992 | 1604809 |
| a comparison of secretory antibodies in breast-fed and formula-fed infants over the first six months of life. | in the present study salivary iga, anti-escherichia coli, anti-beta-lactoglobulin and anti-poliovirus type 1 iga and igm in serum and saliva were evaluated longitudinally in 13 breast-fed and 14 formula-fed infants over the first six months of life. salivary iga was quantified by electroimmunodiffusion; specific iga and igm antibodies were determined in serum and saliva by elisa. salivary iga was significantly lower at age one month in breast-fed compared with formula-fed infants but in breast-f ... | 1992 | 1606387 |
| neurovirulence tests of type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine manufactured by lederle laboratories, 1964-1988. | oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) is tested for safety by evaluation of neurovirulence in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. after intraspinal or intrathalamic injection of varying doses of vaccine, monkeys are followed for 17-21 days, killed, and a histopathological evaluation is made of the severity of poliomyelitis lesions in the spinal cord and brainstem. each production lot of vaccine is compared with a type 1 opv reference virus tested by the same method. records of neurovirulence tests on produc ... | 1992 | 1609550 |
| no aids risk from polio vaccines. | | 1992 | 1611175 |
| effects of two viral inactivation methods on platelets: laser-uv radiation and merocyanine 540-mediated photoinactivation. | two viral inactivation methods suggested for use with cellular blood products have been evaluated as to their effects on platelets. in the first study, it was proposed that pulsed laser-ultraviolet radiation (uvb) at 308 nm could favor photodamage to uvb-sensitive viral nucleic acid with minimal effects on blood platelets. a "window of efficacy" was observed with uvb doses of 10.5-21.5 j/cm2 at which 4-6 log10 poliovirus were inactivated while platelets were relatively tolerant. however, this "w ... | 1992 | 1617186 |
| different susceptibilities to attenuated poliovirus of cynomolgus monkeys from the philippines and other southeast asian countries. | susceptibilities to attenuated poliovirus of cynomolgus monkeys were assessed by the intraspinal inoculation method with the same single bulk lot as the reference for each of the three poliovirus types. the lesion-inducing virus dose in the spinal cord of 50% of monkeys inoculated (lid50) varied widely from 10(6.4) to lower than 10(2.5), the difference being as much as 10,000-fold, depending on the birth place of the monkey. the birth places of the monkeys used were traced and categorized into t ... | 1992 | 1640648 |
| correlation of rna secondary structure and attenuation of sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus in tissue culture. | part of the 5' noncoding regions of all three sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus contains determinants of attenuation that are shown here to influence the ability of these strains to grow at elevated temperatures in bgm cells. the predicted rna secondary structure of this region (nt 464-542 in p3/sabin) suggests that both phenotypes are due to perturbation of base-paired stems. ts phenotypes of site-directed mutants with defined changes in this region correlated well with predicted secondary st ... | 1992 | 1641974 |
| antibody response to inactivated polio vaccine (e-ipv) in children born to hiv positive mothers. | in order to evaluate the response to immunization of hiv-infected children we studied the humoral response to an enhanced potency inactivated poliovaccine (e-ipv) of 43 children born of hiv seropositive mothers. all these subjects have been followed for 32 (15-48) months in order to ascertain their infection status. after a course of 2 doses of e-ipv, 88% of children had neutralizing antibody (n.a.) titers greater than 1:4 to the 3 poliovirus serotypes and 100% to at least 2 polio strains. no st ... | 1992 | 1644138 |
| a replication-defective variant of sabin 3 poliovirus. | a variant of sabin type 3 poliovirus, 265b, only produces 2-3% of the yields of control virus and has a protracted growth cycle in hela cells. attachment and penetration do not appear to account for defective growth of 265b. viral protein and rna syntheses are reduced, and blockage of cell protein synthesis is delayed considerably as compared with the parent virus. nucleotide sequence analysis failed to detect mutations in protein 2aprot or changes in the 5'-noncoding region that could account f ... | 1991 | 1645703 |
| mutational analysis of the cellular receptor for poliovirus. | to identify sequences of the cellular poliovirus receptor (pvr) involved in viral infection, mutant pvr cdnas were constructed and assayed for biological activity in mouse l cells. to confirm that mutant pvrs reached the cell surface, an immunological tag, consisting of part of ch3 from human immunoglobulin g1, was engineered into the pvr. deletion of pvr amino acids 256 to 320 or 385 to the carboxy terminus yielded receptors that were able to support poliovirus infection. pvrs lacking amino aci ... | 1991 | 1645795 |
| use of protamine sulphate for elimination of substrate dna in poliovaccines produced on continuous cell lines. | cell substrate dna was shown to be an abundant contaminant in the clarified preparations of the sabin type 1, 2 and 3 poliovaccines produced on a continuous cell line (4647). the size of the dna, as evaluated for the sabin type 1 poliovaccine, was highly heterogeneous, ranging from 100 to 20,000 base pairs. in view of potential oncogenicity of this dna a simple and efficient procedure for its elimination is proposed. the method is based on use of protamine sulphate which at the concentration of ... | 1991 | 1645900 |
| perspectives on rapid elimination and ultimate global eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses. | poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses has already been eradicated from industrialized countries of north america, europe, asia and oceania, but the procedures by which this eradication was achieved are not adequate for the poor tropical and subtropical countries. the major challenge now is first to eliminate it rapidly from asia and africa where an estimated 250,000 cases and 25,000 deaths currently occur annually. the great progress toward eradication of "wild" polioviruses from poor tropical an ... | 1991 | 1646116 |
| recombinant poliovirus 3c protease. the enzyme application to protein specific fragmentation. | active 3c protease of poliovirus 1(m) was obtained when cloning and expressing fragment hindii-hindiii (bases from 5240 to 6056) of cdna in vector pttq8 in e.coli cells. as shown, fragment 3d of polymerase covalently bound to 3c does not deprive the enzyme of its specific proteolytic activity. the absence of 26 n-terminal amino acids in 3c entails its inactivation. the recombinant 3c protease cleaved peptide bond gln-gly not only in virus polyprotein, but also in molecules of beta-galactosidase ... | 1991 | 1646125 |
| regulation of a double-stranded rna modification activity in human cells. | a double-stranded rna (dsrna)-specific modification activity from xenopus oocytes and human cells dsrna modifier) converts adenosine residues present in dsrna to inosines. the function of the dsrna modifier is unknown, although it has been suggested that it may be part of the cellular antiviral response. we investigated the relationship between the activity of the dsrna modifier, viral infection, and the antiviral response in human cells induced by poly(ri)-poly(rc) [poly(i.c)] treatment. we fou ... | 1991 | 1646394 |
| the 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus contains a sequence for very efficient binding of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-2/2b. | the mechanism by which internal ribosomal binding on the picornaviral rna takes place is still not known. an important role has been suggested for eukaryotic initiation factors eif-4a, eif-4b, as well as for some not yet defined trans-acting factors like p52 for poliovirus and p58 for encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). in this paper we describe the competition between the 5' untranslated region (utr) of emcv and globin mrna for the translational apparatus in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and show ... | 1991 | 1647211 |
| effect of prior immunity on the shedding of virulent revertant virus in feces after oral immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccines. | groups of infants were immunized with one or two doses of orally inoculated live attenuated sabin poliovirus vaccine (opv group) or with one or two doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (eipv) administered parenterally followed by one or two doses of opv (eipv-opv group). the fecal specimens from both groups were tested for poliovirus shedding 1-2 months after opv. the virus isolates were examined for nucleic acid sequences in the 5' noncoding regions (bases 480, 481, and 472 ... | 1991 | 1647422 |
| apparent decreased risk of invasive bacterial disease after heterologous childhood immunization. | to investigate the possibility that there might be an increased risk of heterologous invasive bacterial disease after routine childhood immunization with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine live; diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; and oral poliovirus vaccine live, a case-control study was conducted within the kaiser permanente northern california pediatric population. contrary to the premise, an apparent protective effect against invasive bacterial disease was detected after a ... | 1991 | 1647657 |
| recognition of poliovirus/hiv chimaeras by antisera from individuals with hiv infection. | the neutralization of five poliovirus/hiv chimaeras by serum from hiv-infected individuals was examined to evaluate the presentation of hiv envelope sequences, to assess the immune response of individuals to specific epitopes, and to relate it to the stage of disease. the sera were unable to differentiate between four of the chimaeras and the sabin vaccine strain. with a fifth construct containing an immunodominant gp41 sequence, significant differential recognition was observed in approximately ... | 1991 | 1647790 |
| prolonged faecal excretion of poliovirus in a nurse with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. | a nurse with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia was found to excrete a non-vaccine strain type ii poliovirus for almost a year following a bout of gastroenteritis. attempts were made to halt intestinal carriage of the virus in view of the possible risk of spread to immunocompromised patients and the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis to the patient himself. three doses of killed salk vaccine failed to stimulate salivary anti-polio antibodies. excretion of the virus ceased spontaneously just bef ... | 1991 | 1648212 |
| three poliovirus 2b mutants exhibit noncomplementable defects in viral rna amplification and display dosage-dependent dominance over wild-type poliovirus. | many functions of the poliovirus genome in virally infected cells have been elucidated. however, the role of 2b (and of its precursor polypeptide, 2bc), encoded by the p2 region in the poliovirus genome, remains unknown. we have employed a genetic approach to examine the role of 2b in poliovirus-infected cells. we report here the phenotype of one previously isolated mutant in the 2b coding region, 2b201. in addition, we have constructed one additional mutation in the 2b coding region of an infec ... | 1991 | 1649334 |
| human rhinovirus mutants resistant to low ph. | mutants of human rhinovirus serotype 14 (hrv14) with increased resistance to treatment at low ph were obtained by repeated cycles of exposure to ph 4.5 and propagation in hela cells. whereas wild-type virus lost more than 5 logs of infectivity upon incubation at ph 4.3, the three isolates examined were essentially unaffected. conformational change of the viral capsid upon exposure to low ph was assessed as an increase of hydrophobicity by partition between an aqueous phase and a triton x-114 pha ... | 1991 | 1649506 |
| effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis a virus on environmental surfaces. | stainless steel disks (diameter, 1 cm) were contaminated with fecally suspended hepatitis a virus (hav; strain hm-175) and held at low (25% +/- 5%), medium (55% +/- 5%), high (80% +/- 5%), or ultrahigh (95% +/- 5%) relative humidity (rh) at an air temperature of 5,20, or 35 degrees c. hav survival was inversely proportional to the level of rh and temperature, and the half-lives of the virus ranged from greater than 7 days at the low rh and 5 degrees c to about 2 h at the ultrahigh rh and 35 degr ... | 1991 | 1649579 |
| phenotypic characterization of antigenic hybrids of poliovirus. | three poliovirus hybrids, modified in neutralization antigenic sites (nags) i or ii, were characterized for several phenotypic traits. the modifications to the capsid interfered with some stage of the life-cycle of the virus, since all three hybrids were growth-impaired in comparison to poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) [pv1 (m)], the wild-type parent virus. all hybrids exhibited a reduced growth rate and a small-plaque phenotype, but they were not temperature sensitive. furthermore, only one hybrid w ... | 1991 | 1649944 |
| [the level of postvaccinal immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis in relation to the number of inoculations]. | the work was aimed at the comparative study of the intensity of immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis, depending on the number of injections of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) vaccine and poliomyelitis vaccine, for the purpose of finding out the possibility of reducing the antigenic load given to children without diminishing the intensity of immunity. to determine the level of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, 1900 children under school age were serologically studied by ... | 1991 | 1650072 |
| immunogenicity of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine administered with buffer and oral polio vaccine. | between january and november 1989, we studied 174 infants aged 6 to 16 weeks in a randomized clinical trial to (1) determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine (rrv-tv) when administered with three different buffer regimens: no antacid buffer and small-volume (2.5-ml) and large-volume (30-ml) antacid buffer; and (2) examine the potential interference of rrv-tv on the immune response to oral polio vaccine. immunogenicity of rrv-tv, measured as a fourfold r ... | 1991 | 1650128 |
| poliomyelitis-like paralysis during recovery from acute bronchial asthma: possible etiology and risk factors. | a poliomyelitis-like paralytic disease during recovery from an attack of bronchial asthma is described in two young children. they presented at the age of 13 and 22 months, respectively, with acute flaccid paralysis of one or both lower limbs and preserved sensation. cerebrospinal fluid examinations revealed mild protein elevation in both and pleocytosis in the second infant. enteroviruses were isolated in a nasal swab and stools of the second patient. acute onset of flaccid paralysis with absen ... | 1991 | 1650449 |
| [antiviral effect of haemanthus albiflos leaves extract on herpes virus, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, rotavirus and poliovirus]. | an hydro-alcoholic extract from haemanthus albiflos leaves (amaryllidaceae) was tested for its potential antiviral activity against two dna viruses: herpes simplex virus type i, adenovirus type 5 and three rna viruses: poliovirus type i, vesicular stomatitis virus, simian rotavirus sa 11. positive results were obtained against herpes virus and all the rna viruses tested. | 1991 | 1651069 |
| three-dimensional structure of a mouse-adapted type 2/type 1 poliovirus chimera. | the crystal structure of v510, a chimeric type 2/type 1 poliovirus, has been determined at 2.6 a resolution. unlike the parental mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus, v510 is able to replicate in the mouse central nervous system, due entirely to the replacement of six amino acids in the exposed bc loop of capsid protein vp1. significant structural differences between the two strains cluster in a major antigenic site of the virus, located at the apex of the radial projection which surrounds the vi ... | 1991 | 1651227 |
| enzymatic activity of poliovirus rna polymerase mutants with single amino acid changes in the conserved ygdd amino acid motif. | rna-dependent rna polymerases contain a highly conserved region of amino acids with a core segment composed of the amino acids ygdd which have been hypothesized to be at or near the catalytic active site of the molecule. six mutations in this conserved ygdd region of the poliovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase were made by using oligonucleotide site-directed dna mutagenesis of the poliovirus cdna to substitute a, c, m, p, s, or v for the amino acid g. the mutant polymerase genes were expressed i ... | 1991 | 1651402 |
| internal initiation of translation in retroviral vectors carrying picornavirus 5' nontranslated regions. | previous work has shown that picornavirus 5' nontranslated regions (ntrs) can initiate internal translation of downstream coding regions both in vitro and in transient in vivo assays. we have used 5' ntr sequences from encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus to construct retroviral vectors that are designed to express two proteins from a single mrna. inclusion of 5' ntr sequences did not adversely affect vector titer. protein expression was studied with stable cell lines generated by vector in ... | 1991 | 1651417 |
| virus permeability of protective gloves used in medical practice. | from a large number of different kinds of protective gloves currently on the market, 19 were selected for virus permeability testing using a special model. most of the gloves tested offered poor mechanical protection against penetration of adenovirus and poliovirus, while vaccinia virus was found to traverse the gloves less freely. | 1991 | 1652967 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of rhesus rotavirus vaccine given in combination with oral or inactivated poliovirus vaccines and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. | immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (rrv) were assessed among 72 infants (6 weeks old) in lahore, pakistan, from august to december 1985. special emphasis was placed on the possible interaction or interference caused by giving rrv at the time infants received their first polio immunization. rrv was given to the infants at the same time as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp), oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv). the immune respo ... | 1991 | 1653474 |
| biologically active protease 3c of human rhinovirus 1a is expressed from a cloned cdna segment in escherichia coli. | we produced the putative protease 3c of human rhinovirus 1a (hrv-1a), a minor group rhinovirus, by escherichia coli expression of a segment of hrv-1a cdna coding for 3a, 3b, 3c, and parts of 2c and 3d (delta 2c3abc delta 3d). the protease 3c was expected to be processed by intramolecular q-g cleavages from the virus-specific precursor polypeptide. while the n-terminal 3b-3c site was correctly cleaved, the c-terminal q-g site of 3c was not processed. western blotting with a site-specific polyclon ... | 1991 | 1653490 |
| construction and characterization of a poliovirus/rhinovirus antigenic hybrid. | in order to study the properties of foreign antigenic sites expressed on poliovirus a hybrid was constructed in which neutralization antigenic site ia of poliovirus type 1 strain mahoney [pv1(m)] was replaced by neutralization immunogenic site ia (nimia) of human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14). the resulting hybrid was viable, but growth was impaired in comparison to pv1(m). the hybrid expressed both pv1(m) and hrv14 antigenic determinants. when inoculated into rabbits it elicited neutralizing antibodies ... | 1991 | 1653493 |
| [the cns lesion in monkeys spinally infected with the vaccinal poliomyelitis virus]. | specific features of the cns lesions in monkeys inoculated with a vaccine poliovirus strain were studied in comparison with those developing after inoculation with virulent strains. the lesions in the lumbar cord and other regions of the brain and spinal cord after intraspinal inoculation of the vaccine virus are described at length. certain signs reflecting the specific nature of the lesions were observed. the results of histopathological and immunofluorescent studies were shown to be important ... | 1991 | 1654009 |
| expression and characterization of poliovirus proteins 3bvpg, 3cpro, and 3dpol in recombinant baculovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. | as an initial step toward investigating the roles of poliovirus proteins in viral rna replication, a baculovirus expression system was used to produce poliovirus proteins from the p3 region. spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells were infected with a recombinant baculovirus, vetl-pov3a*bcd, which contains cdna coding for poliovirus proteins 3d, 3c, 3b, and a portion of 3a protein sequence. immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the majority of 3d (polymerase) was in the cytoplasm of recombinant ... | 1991 | 1654015 |
| identification and characterization of incomplete hepatitis a virus particles. | the range of hepatitis a virus (hav) particles generated during persistent infection of different cell lines was studied. buoyant density and sedimentation analyses of cell extracts revealed a uniform profile of particles in all cell lines analysed except for bs-c-1 cells. the virion itself usually represented less than 50% of the total mass of virus antigen. a major portion of the antigen was associated with non-infectious, empty particles, which banded at 1.305 g/ml and 1.20 g/ml cscl, and sed ... | 1991 | 1654375 |
| an assembly defect as a result of an attenuating mutation in the capsid proteins of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain. | the molecular basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of p3/sabin, the type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus, was investigated in light of the known correlation between ts and attenuation phenotypes. a phenylalanine at residue 91 of the capsid protein vp3 was a major determinant of both phenotypes, and attenuation and ts could be reverted by the same second-site mutations. the ts phenotype was due to a defect early in the assembly process that inhibited the formation of 14s pentamers, em ... | 1991 | 1654440 |
| development of synthetic peptide substrates for the poliovirus 3c proteinase. | picornaviruses, such as polio, translate their entire genome as a single polyprotein which must be proteolytically processed to produce the mature viral proteins. a majority of these cleavages are catalyzed by the virus-encoded cysteine proteinase, 3c. we report here the design and synthesis of a series of oligopeptide substrates, based upon native 3c cleavage sites, for an hplc assay of poliovirus 3c proteinase activity. a similar series of peptides based upon human rhinovirus 3c cleavage sites ... | 1991 | 1654789 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus rna1. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna1, 7342 nucleotides (nt) of grapevine fanleaf virus strain f13 (gflv-f13) has been determined from cdna clones. the complete sequence contained only one long open reading frame (orf) of 6852 nucleotides extending from nucleotide 243 to 7101. the putative polyprotein encoded by this orf is 2284 amino acids in length with an mr of 253k. the location of genome-linked protein and comparison of the primary structure of the 253k polyprotein to that of other cl ... | 1991 | 1655953 |
| influence of different ionic and ph environments on structural alterations of poliovirus and their possible relation to virus uncoating. | poliovirus eclipse products were totally precipitated from infected hela cells after different times of infection by using tca, suggesting that cellular enzymic digestion of parental proteins was not involved in virus uncoating. in an investigation of poliovirus thermal stability in vitro, progressive degradation of native virus into 80s empty capsids occurred upon incubation at 37 degrees c in a buffer of low ionic strength containing 20 mm-tris-hcl ph 7.5, whereas in eagle's medium or in the p ... | 1991 | 1655960 |
| structural and functional analysis of the ribosome landing pad of poliovirus type 2: in vivo translation studies. | the naturally uncapped genomic and mrnas of poliovirus initiate translation by an internal ribosome-binding mechanism. the mrna 5' untranslated region (utr) of poliovirus is approximately 750 nucleotides in length and has seven to eight (depending on the serotype) aug codons upstream of the initiator aug. the sequence required for internal ribosome binding has been termed the ribosome landing pad (rlp). to better understand the mechanisms of internal initiation, we have determined the boundaries ... | 1991 | 1656077 |
| in vitro mutational analysis of cis-acting rna translational elements within the poliovirus type 2 5' untranslated region. | initiation of translation on poliovirus rna occurs by internal binding of ribosomes to a region within the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the mrna. this region has been previously roughly mapped between nucleotides 140 and 631 of the 5' utr and termed the ribosome landing pad. to identify cis-acting elements in the 5' utr of poliovirus type 2 (lansing strain) rna that confer cap-independent internal initiation, we determined the in vitro translational efficiencies of a series of deletion and po ... | 1991 | 1656078 |
| cis- and trans-cleavage activities of poliovirus 2a protease expressed in escherichia coli. | the poliovirus protease, 2apro, was produced in escherichia coli from plasmids that encode a fusion protein consisting of the n-terminal portion of the bacterial trpe protein linked to poliovirus 2apro. this fusion protein underwent efficient autocatalytic cleavage at the n terminus of 2apro, generating the mature protease. extracts of bacteria expressing 2apro induced the specific cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4f, similar to the 2apro-mediated reac ... | 1991 | 1656087 |
| translation of poliovirus rna: role of an essential cis-acting oligopyrimidine element within the 5' nontranslated region and involvement of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein. | translation of poliovirus rna is initiated by cap-independent internal entry of ribosomes into the 5' nontranslated region. this process is dependent on elements within the 5' nontranslated region (the internal ribosomal entry site) and may involve novel translation factors. systematic mutation of a conserved oligopyrimidine tract has revealed a cis-acting element that is essential for translation in vitro. the function of this element is related to its position relative to other cis-acting doma ... | 1991 | 1656091 |
| terminal 7-methyl-guanosine cap structure on the normally uncapped 5' noncoding region of poliovirus mrna inhibits its translation in mammalian cells. | we have used an rna transfection assay to study the translation of cellular and viral mrnas with and without 5'-terminal m7gpppg cap structures in human tissue culture cells. hela cells were transfected with in vitro-transcribed hybrid rna molecules containing the 5' noncoding regions of either luciferase or poliovirus linked to the coding region of the firefly luciferase gene. transcripts containing a capped luciferase 5' noncoding region produced luciferase, while similar uncapped transcripts ... | 1991 | 1656097 |
| direct introduction and transient expression of capped and non-capped rna in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | we report the introduction of functional rna molecules into yeast spheroplasts. plasmids containing the firefly luciferase coding region were transcribed to yield rnas suitable for introduction into yeast cells and direct assay of their translation products. the 5' noncoding regions of the rnas were derived either from the 5' noncoding regions of firefly luciferase, poliovirus, or yeast virus-like-particle (vlp) l-a or m1 rnas. capped and non-capped mrnas were made by t7 rna polymerase-directed ... | 1991 | 1656383 |
| purification, properties, and mutagenesis of poliovirus 3c protease. | poliovirus protease 3c, type 1 mahoney strain, was expressed in escherichia coli under phage t7 promoter control and purified to homogeneity from resolubilized inclusion bodies. the renatured protein was as enzymatically active as the protease found in the soluble portion of the bacterial lysate. proteolytic activity was assayed using as substrate either [35s]methionine-labeled recombinant poliovirus proteins 2c3ab or a truncated version of 3abc, or synthetic peptide 16-mers corresponding to the ... | 1991 | 1656583 |
| effects of fatty acids on lipid synthesis and viral rna replication in poliovirus-infected cells. | animal viruses profoundly modify the metabolism of lipids, the synthesis of new membranes, and membrane traffic. these alterations are related to the replication of viral genomes. addition of oleic acid from the beginning of poliovirus infection inhibits the appearance of virus polypeptides at concentrations that do not affect translation in mock-infected hela cells. this inhibition is due to the blockade of viral rna synthesis. membranes made in poliovirus-infected cells in the presence of olei ... | 1991 | 1656600 |
| cell type determines the relative proportions of (-) and (+) strand rna during poliovirus replication. | to examine the influence of the host cell type on poliovirus rna synthesis we compared the levels of (-) and (+) strand poliovirus rna during infection of epithelial (hela and hep-2), leukocytic (u-937, hl-60 and k-562) and nerve (imr-32) cells. the levels of (-) strand rna were higher in imr-32, u-937, k-562 or hl-60 cells than those in hela or hep-2 cells. by contrast, (+) strand rna content was greater in hela or hep-2 cells. although significant levels of (+) strand rna were detected in u-93 ... | 1991 | 1656622 |
| formation of subviral particles by in vitro translation of subgenomic poliovirus rnas. | rabbit reticulocyte lysates were programmed with either rna extracted from purified poliovirus or a mixture of mrnas encoding the capsid precursor, p1, and proteinase 3cd. in both cases, 14s subunits were formed at 30 degrees c and empty capsids at 37 degrees c. both the 14s subunits and empty capsids had the expected polypeptide composition and neutralization epitopes. it is concluded that the proteinase 3cd gene is the only viral genetic information needed for the correct processing of p1 and ... | 1991 | 1658198 |
| interaction of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein with the internal translation initiation site of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a cellular 57-kda protein (p57) that binds specifically to the internal translation initiation site in the 5' untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna was detected in cell extracts of different mammalian species by uv cross-linking. the protein binds to two distinct sites of the translation control region which have as the only common sequence a uuuc motif. the first binding site consists of a conserved hairpin structure, whereas the second binding site contains an essential pyrim ... | 1991 | 1658355 |
| genomic structure of the human prototype strain h of hepatitis c virus: comparison with american and japanese isolates. | genomic rna from the human prototype strain h of the hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the hcv-h sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. hcv-h shows 96% amino acid identity with the american isolate hcv-1 but only 84.9% with the japanese isolates hcv-j and hcv-bk. in addition to the hypervariable region (region v) previously identified in the putative e2 domain, three other variable domains were identified: r ... | 1991 | 1658800 |
| detection and identification of vaccine-related polioviruses by the polymerase chain reaction. | we have used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to obtain sensitive detection and identification of poliovirus rna genomes. primer pairs were designed to permit identification of each sabin poliovaccine strain by the electrophoretic mobilities of the amplified dna products (sabin 1: 97 bp; sabin 2: 71 bp; sabin 3: 44 bp). the compositions of samples containing mixtures of vaccine strains could be readily determined by pcr. when the amplified products were visualized by ethidium bromide fluoresc ... | 1991 | 1659060 |
| [the epidemiological surveillance of poliomyelitis in the ukraine]. | correlation has been revealed between the circulation of polioviruses among the population and environmental objects. a rise in the circulation of polioviruses, type i, was caused by a decrease in collective immunity to this virus type. water supply and sewage system purification was found ineffective with respect to enteroviral contamination. vaccinal prophylaxis, carried out for many years, did not lead to the elimination of poliovirus strains, genetically different from vaccine ones. | 1991 | 1659070 |
| effects of protein kinase c inhibitors on viral entry and infectivity. | the protein kinase c inhibitor h-7 (2-20 microm) inhibited dose-dependently the infectivity of the vesicular stomatitis virus on cultured human fibroblasts. electron microscopy showed that h-7 inhibited the viral entry. h-7 also inhibited the infectivity of four other enveloped viruses, herpes simplex i, turkey herpes, vaccinia and sindbis. similar results were obtained using staurosporine (2.5 nm), tamoxifen (40 microm), phloretin (140 microm), or w-7 (40 microm). however, the infectivity of no ... | 1991 | 1659999 |
| intratypic characterization of poliovirus type 1 isolates. | intratypic serodifferentiation of 607 strains of poliovirus type 1 isolated from diverse epidemiological groups, was carried out using strain-specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies. the isolates were from patients of paralytic poliomyelitis from marathwada (an epidemic area) and bombay (endemic area) and from healthy children from emmaneshwaram (vaccinated area). from marathwada where mass scale vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) was performed to contain the spread of the epidem ... | 1991 | 1660032 |
| antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex. | this article reports that 1-docosanol, a 22-carbon-long saturated alcohol, exerts a substantial inhibitory effect on replication of certain viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus and respiratory syncytial virus) within primary target cells in vitro. to study the basis for its viral inhibitory activity, a suspension of 1-docosanol was formulated in an inert and nontoxic surfactant, pluronic f-68; this suspension exerted potent inhibitory activity on the ability of susceptible viruses to infect cultu ... | 1991 | 1660151 |
| factors affecting the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine in developing countries: review. | although rates of seroconversion following administration of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (topv) approach 100% in industrialized countries, only 73% (range, 36%-99%) and 70% (range, 40%-99%) of children in developing countries have detectable antibody to poliovirus types 1 and 3, respectively, after three doses. while factors accounting for these differences have not been fully elucidated, available data suggest that type 2 vaccine virus and enteric pathogens often interfere with responses ... | 1991 | 1660184 |
| identification and characterization of a new base substitution in the vaccine strain of sabin 3 poliovirus. | the complete rna sequence of sabin 3 (led3) used in vaccine in the united states has been determined. the led3 sabin 3 sequence contains the attenuating mutations at bases 472 and 2034 but differs from that published by stanway et al. (nucleic acids res., 11, 5629-5643, 1983) at two other base positions, 2493 and 6061. the change at base 6061 is silent and does not affect amino acid composition. the other base, a c at position 2493, is contained in the viral capsid protein vp1 and predicts a new ... | 1991 | 1660210 |
| purification, characterization, and comparison of poliovirus rna polymerase from native and recombinant sources. | poliovirus rna encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, designated 3dpol, that catalyzes the synthesis of both plus and minus strand viral rna. this enzyme was purified to near homogeneity from poliovirus-infected hela cells, recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells, and from escherichia coli transformed with an expression plasmid containing poliovirus 3d sequences. the two recombinant expression systems produced significantly higher yields of active enzyme than could be attained from virus ... | 1991 | 1660894 |
| cell-free, de novo synthesis of poliovirus. | cell-free translation of poliovirus rna in an extract of uninfected human (hela) cells yielded viral proteins through proteolysis of the polyprotein. in the extract, newly synthesized proteins catalyzed poliovirus-specific rna synthesis, and formed infectious poliovirus de novo. newly formed virions were neutralized by type-specific antiserum, and infection of human cells with them was prevented by poliovirus receptor-specific antibodies. poliovirus synthesis was increased nearly 70-fold when nu ... | 1991 | 1661029 |
| coupled mutations in the 5'-untranslated region of the sabin poliovirus strains during in vivo passages: structural and functional implications. | all entero- and rhinovirus rnas sequenced thus far possess a and u residues at positions corresponding to nucleotides 480 and 525, respectively, of poliovirus type 1. these two nucleotides have been proposed previously to form a base pair. the single exception to this rule appears to be the sabin type 1 strain, which has a g480. isolates of the sabin 1 virus from healthy vaccinees were shown to have either a reversion to a480 or a second-site mutation u525----c, both restoring a potential for ef ... | 1991 | 1661980 |
| oral poliovirus vaccine in the united states: molecular characterization of sabin type 3 after replication in the gut of vaccinees. | derivatives of sabin 3 shed from recipients of oral poliovirus vaccine in the united states (u.s.) were examined for genetic changes identified in strains excreted by vaccinees in the united kingdom [u.k.; evans et al., 1985; cammack et al., 1988, macadam et al., 1989]. among the eight primary vaccinees studied, the duration of excretion and molecular evolution of type 3 strains varied greatly. the period of virus excretion after vaccination ranged from as few as 2 days to as many as 36 days. nu ... | 1991 | 1662701 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of poliomyelitis in south africa in 1987/1988. | an outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the republic of south africa in 1987/88. the epidemic took place in the natal/kwazulu region of south africa and was due to type 1 poliovirus. twenty-four isolates were characterised by 1- and 2-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping and a single strain of wild-type poliovirus was identified. the same strain of virus was also isolated in other areas of south africa at the time of the outbreak and has persisted into 1989. | 1991 | 1662703 |
| comparison of the immune response against polio peptides covalently-surface-linked to and internally-entrapped in liposomes. | the adjuvanticity of liposomes on two different modes of presentation of polio virus subunit peptides was demonstrated by incorporating the poorly immunogenic synthetic polio peptides, w1 and w2, into the internal space of and covalently-linked to the surface of dehydration-rehydration vesicles (drv). it was found that for both peptides, liposome association in either mode boosted the primary and secondary igg1 responses against 5 micrograms peptide as compared to controls in which free peptide ... | 1991 | 1663745 |
| comparative inactivation of poliovirus type 3 and ms2 coliphage in demand-free phosphate buffer by using ozone. | ms2 coliphage (atcc 15597-b1) has been proposed by the u.s. environmental protection agency as a surrogate for enteric viruses to determine the engineering requirements of chemical disinfection systems on the basis of previous experience with chlorine. the objective of this study was to determine whether ms2 coliphage was a suitable indicator for the inactivation of enteric viruses when ozone disinfection systems were used. bench-scale experiments were conducted in 2-liter-batch shrinking reacto ... | 1991 | 1664198 |
| [a study on immunization of polio vaccine. i. observation on an improved immunization schedule]. | this artical reports the result of serological observation on an improved immunization schedule of polio vaccine. the result shows that a good response can be obtained by immunizing an additional dose of the vaccine on the children of 18-24 month of age.serological convertion type i of neutralization antibody can be improved from 85% up to 96%, type ii from 84% to 100%, and type iii from 91% to 100%, with great increase of all the three types. the study proves that the additional immunization of ... | 1991 | 1664295 |
| antipoliomyelitis immunity status among a population that was regularly vaccinated 11-12 years before. | a study of poliomyelitis neutralizing antibodies was carried out on 165 samples of blood serum drawn from subjects aged 14-15 years who had completed vaccination with opv 11 or 12 years ago. two different methods of incubation of the serum-virus mixtures (1 hour at 37 degrees c; 6 hours at 37 degrees c and then 18 hours at 4 degrees c, respectively) and two different cell lines (rc-37 and hep-2) for the inoculation of these mixtures were employed. the results were also evaluated in relation to d ... | 1991 | 1664344 |
| antibodies may act synergistically or additively with interferon to inhibit poliovirus. | we investigated the protective effects of combinations of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and serum antibodies against poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) in vitro. our results indicate that the antiviral effects of ifn-alpha and most neutralizing mabs to pv-1 act synergistically to inhibit pv-1. however, the antiviral effects of ifn-alpha and one type specific mab to pv-1 were additive. further, the protective effects observed with combinations of ifn-alpha and r ... | 1991 | 1665535 |
| antibody response to three doses of standard and double dose of trivalent oral polio vaccine. | the study was undertaken to compare the antibody response of 6-12 weeks old infants after three doses of standard trivalent oral polio vaccine (topv) (groups a; (n = 42) with three doses of double the amount of topv (group b; n = 35). seroconversions in group a were 64.2, 80.9% and 57.1% for types i, ii and iii polioviruses, respectively. the corresponding figures for group b were 77.7, 80.0 and 60.6%, respectively, the differences being insignificant. differences in feeding practices and presen ... | 1991 | 1665840 |
| a rapid and sensitive micro scale assay for quantitative detection of cell protective effects: application for the isolation of a monoclonal antibody against hela cell proteins involved in poliovirus attachment. | a combined assay consisting of a pre-cpe-protection assay and a double-antibody sandwich elisa for detecting poliovirus was developed on a microtiter scale in order to quantify inhibition of virus replication caused by cell protective antibodies. the system was of high sensitivity and allowed the measurement of the protecting effect caused by a broad range of antibody concentrations before appearance of cytopathic effects. it was applied as a screening test for a large number of hybridomas secre ... | 1991 | 1666110 |