| regional and temporal changes in aids in europe before haart. | in a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 european countries were followed between april 1994 and november 1996. information on aids-defining events (ades) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. the centres were divided into four geographical regions (north, central, south-west and south-east) so that it was possible to identify any existing regional differences in ades. the regional differences that ... | 2002 | 12558340 |
| clinical and epidemiological correlates of genotypes within the mycobacterium avium complex defined by restriction and sequence analysis of hsp65. | species identification of isolates of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) remains a difficult task. although m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare can be identified with expensive, commercially available probes, many mac isolates remain unresolved, including those representing mycobacterium lentiflavum as well as other potentially undefined species. pcr restriction analysis (pra) of the hsp65 gene has been proposed as a rapid and inexpensive approach. we applied pra to 278 mac isolates, in ... | 2002 | 12202581 |
| analysis of chest ct in patients with mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | the radiographic changes of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease during therapy have not been studied well. | 2003 | 12584395 |
| defective phagocytosis by human monocyte/macrophages following hiv-1 infection: underlying mechanisms and modulation by adjunctive cytokine therapy. | defective immunological function of cells of the macrophage lineage contributes considerably to the pathogenesis of hiv-1 infection. impairment of phagocytosis of opportunistic pathogens such as mycobacterium avium complex (mac), pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii or candida albicans by peripheral blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages following in vivo and in vitro hiv-1 infection is well documented. the development of opportunistic infections due to these pat ... | 2003 | 12600656 |
| [prospects for development of new antituberculous drugs]. | tuberculosis (tb) is a growing international health concern, since it is the leading infectious cause of death in the world today. moreover, the resurgence of tb in industrialized countries and the worldwide increase in the prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in immunocompromised hosts have prompted the quest for new antimycobacterial drugs. in particular, the appearance of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of m. tuberculosis, which exhibit in vitro resistance to at least ... | 2002 | 12235850 |
| [pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease showing middle lobe syndrome--pathological findings of 2 cases suggesting different mode of development]. | two different processes have been proposed for pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease which show the middle lobe syndrome: 1) middle lobe bronchiectasis followed by mac infection and 2) mac disease resulted in secondary bronchiectasis. two surgical specimen from mac cases showing middle lobe syndrome were studied histo-pathologically. the first case was a 60 year-old female with frequent bloody sputum, who had been diagnosed as bronchiectasis in her childhood. pathological exa ... | 2002 | 12397710 |
| hot tub lung: infection, inflammation, or both? | increasing numbers of patients have presented with a hypersensitivity pneumonitis-type course in association with hot tub exposure. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms have been isolated from both patient specimens and hot tub water with matching fingerprints by restricted fragment length polymorphism and electrophoresis when performed. review of the clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic presentations of 9 patients to the mayo clinic with this diagnosis are compared with 32 patients ... | 2003 | 12652452 |
| prophylactic clarithromycin to treat mycobacterium avium in hiv patients receiving zidovudine may significantly increase mortality by suppressing lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis. | the increased mortality observed when human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals are treated with clarithromycin (cla) as prophylaxis for disseminated infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) suggests that cla might possess immunosuppressive activities. to test this possibility, we assessed the immunological response of balb/c mice following subchronic (28 days) oral administration of cla alone or in combination with zidovudine (zdv). because normal hematopo ... | 2002 | 12400876 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-infected thai children. | of the 169 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children being cared for at siriraj hospital from january 1998 to september 2000, 10 had mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection; seven had disseminated disease and three had mac pneumonia. nine children were in the advanced stage of hiv disease at the time of diagnosis with the median cd4 count of 7 cells/mm3 and 127 cells/mm3 and the median age of 65 months and 63 months in disseminated mac and mac pneumonia respectively. none of these ... | 2002 | 12403247 |
| serodiagnosis of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex with an enzyme immunoassay that uses a mixture of glycopeptidolipid antigens. | it is difficult to distinguish pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from that due to other mycobacteria, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium kansasii. we developed an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for diagnosis of mac pulmonary diseases that uses glycopeptidolipid (gpl) antigens specific for mac, and we used it for diagnosis in immunocompetent patients. the mean optical densities (+/- standard deviation) of serum immunoglobulin g antibodies to gpls in patients w ... | 2002 | 12439795 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with mycobacterium avium complex and hot tub use. | many diseases, mainly infectious and inhalational, have been associated with the use of hot tubs. "hot tub lung" is a recently described disease entity associated with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and is thought to be either an infection or a hypersensitivity pneumonitis. we describe 2 patients with progressively worsening respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, along with diffuse radiographic changes consisting primarily of ground-glass opacities. treatment with corticosteroids, based ... | 2002 | 12440560 |
| [pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease showing nodular bronchiectasis--: pathological findings in two cases]. | histopathological examinations were carried out on 2 cases of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease of nodular bronchiectasis (nb) type on radiograms. the removed lung specimens revealed histological findings of granulomatous bronchiolopneumonia, consisting of epithelioid cell granulomas with lymphocytic infiltrations without exudation in the alveolar areas surrounding the respiratory bronchiole. the central bronchiolar walls were also affected by epithelioid cell granulomas with lymphocytic ... | 2002 | 12494509 |
| low incidence of colonization and no cases of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (dmac) in brazilian aids patients in the haart era. | evaluate the incidence of mycobacterial disease and the colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteria in aids patients. | 2002 | 12495607 |
| latent infection as a source of disseminated disease caused by organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | whether infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome results from recent exposure to virulent strains or reactivation of latent infection acquired years earlier is unknown. to address this question, tissue samples from 47 simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected and 63 siv-uninfected rhesus macaques were cultured. mac was cultured from 14 siv-uninfected macaques (22.2%) and 32 siv-infected macaques (68.1%); median bacterial burdens ... | 2003 | 12751032 |
| efficacies of cyclodextrin-complexed and liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium complex infection in human macrophages. | cyclodextrins and liposomes have been used in recent years as drug delivery vehicles, improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of many poorly water-soluble drugs. in this study, we used two approaches to enhance the availability of the poorly water-soluble antibiotic, clarithromycin, by inclusion complex formation and by liposome-encapsulation. we examined the efficacies of these formulations against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macro ... | 2003 | 12527166 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | | 2003 | 12790359 |
| high-resolution computed tomography appearance of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection after exposure to hot tub: case of hot-tub lung. | reports detailing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in an immunocompetent host after exposure to hot tub (hot-tub lung) are few and have not focused on the radiographic presentation. on high-resolution computed tomography (hrct), hot-tub lung caused by mac infection closely resembles subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis and is difficult to distinguish based on imaging parameters alone. centrilobular nodules of ground-glass attenuation with beading of the interlobular septae are promin ... | 2003 | 12544748 |
| pharmacophore mapping of a series of 2,4-diamino-5-deazapteridine inhibitors of mycobacterium avium complex dihydrofolate reductase. | pharmacophore hypotheses were developed for a series of 2,4-diamino-5-deazapteridine inhibitors of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr). training sets consisting of 20 inhibitors were selected in each case on the basis of the information content of the structures and activity data as required by the hypogen program in the catalyst software. in the case of mac dhfr inhibitors, the best pharmacophore in terms of statistics and predictive value consisted of fo ... | 2002 | 11754578 |
| efficacy of clofazimine-modified cyclodextrin against mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages. | clofazimine, a water insoluble substituted iminophenazine derivative with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, is recommended by the who for the treatment of leprosy. it is also active against disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in hiv-infected patients. recently, we achieved a 4000-fold increase of clofazimine water solubility using a novel modified clofazimine-cyclodextrin complex synthesized and patented by our group [wasserlösliche, iminiophenazinderivate ent ... | 2003 | 12818815 |
| thiosemicarbazole (thiacetazone-like) compound with activity against mycobacterium avium in mice. | in vitro screening of thiacetazone derivatives indicated that two derivatives, sri-286 and sri-224, inhibited a panel of 25 mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates at concentrations of 2 micro g/ml or lower. in mice, sri-224 and thiacetazone had no significant activity against the mac in livers and spleens, but treatment with sri-286 resulted in significant reduction of bacterial loads in livers and spleens. a combination of sri-286 and moxifloxacin was significantly more active than single d ... | 2003 | 12878542 |
| isolated pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: case reports and literature review. | we report 4 cases of isolated pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and review the 20 previously reported cases in the human immunodeficiency virus literature. all 4 patients had acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and 3 were believed to have had an immune reconstitution syndrome as a cause of mac infection. two patients underwent bronchoscopy with biopsy, revealing endobronchial lesions and granuloma formation, and all 4 patients responded well to mac therapy. | 2003 | 12884187 |
| the effect of combined therapy according to the guidelines for the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | to investigate whether the combined therapy according to the guideline proposed by american thoracic society (ats) and japanese society for tuberculosis (jst) is clinically appropriate for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease. | 2003 | 12924489 |
| uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | two patients showing abnormal fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) uptake due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection are presented. intense focal fdg uptake in the lung field could have been caused by an infectious disease such as mac. this should be considered as a possibility when fdg whole-body scans of patients with pulmonary nodules are interpreted. to our knowledge, this is the first description of an fdg-positron emission tomography (fdg-pet) image of mac infection of the lung. | 2003 | 12924501 |
| surgery for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in the clarithromycin era. | since the introduction of clarithromycin, it has been assumed that pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease can be treated with medication alone. this study examines whether surgery can still play an important role in the management of mac lung disease in the current era. | 2002 | 11825742 |
| viable mycobacterium avium is required for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-induced upregulation in monocytoid cells. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), an intracellular pathogen of cells of the macrophage lineage, often clinically coexists with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv). it was shown previously that coinfection of the monocytoid cell line u937 with hiv and mac results in the enhancement of hiv replication. to determine whether mac-mediated hiv upregulation is due to the exposure of intact organisms to hiv-infected cells or if actual infection with viable organisms is required for the effect ... | 2003 | 12972581 |
| studies on n-octyl-5-(alpha-d-arabinofuranosyl)-beta-d-galactofuranosides for mycobacterial glycosyltransferase activity. | the mycobacterial cell wall is a potential target for new drug development. herein we report the preparation and activity of several n-octyl-5-(alpha-d-arabinofuranosyl)-beta-d-galactofuranoside derivatives. a cell-free assay system has been utilized for determination of the ability of disaccharide analogues to act as arabinosyltransferase acceptors using [14c]-dpa as the glycosyl donor. in addition, in vitro inhibitory activity has been determined in a colorimetric broth microdilution assay sys ... | 2002 | 11836099 |
| lack of significant cross-reactivity between leishmania serology and mycobacteriosis in patients infected with hiv-1. | objective: to determine the existence of cross-reactions between leishmania serology and mycobacteriosis in patients infected with hiv-1. patients and methods: hiv-positive individuals, with culture-proven episodes of tuberculosis or disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, were identified from the data files of our microbiology laboratory. patients were included if leishmania serology had been performed within a period of 2 months before and 1 month after the diagnosis of mycob ... | 1999 | 11856263 |
| routine use of a simple low-cost genotypic assay for the identification of mycobacteria in a high throughput laboratory. | a novel polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pra) of the hsp65 gene was used for the routine identification of mycobacteria in a high throughput clinical laboratory. a total of 2036 clinical isolates were tested by pra in conjunction with other methods. the pra identification of m. tuberculosis complex was 100% sensitive and specific, and 74.5% of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) were correctly identified. it gave highly consistent results for mycob ... | 2003 | 14522516 |
| pulmonary infections in children with hiv infection. | the epidemic of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states, which peaked during the mid-1980s and early 1990s, was characterized by a variety of opportunistic infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), often as the presenting illness of their hiv infection. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during infancy was responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, followed by many other opportunistic infections, including recurrent, ser ... | 2002 | 11891517 |
| a prospective, randomized trial examining the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin in combination with ethambutol, rifabutin, or both for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | this multicenter, randomized, open-label phase 3 clinical trial compared the safety and efficacy of 3 clarithromycin-containing combination regimens for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a total of 160 eligible patients with bacteremic mac disease were randomized to receive clarithromycin with either ethambutol (c+e), rifabutin (c+r), or both (c+e+r) for 48 weeks. after 12 weeks of treatment, the proportion ... | 2003 | 14557969 |
| new agents active against mycobacterium avium complex selected by molecular topology: a virtual screening method. | in order to select new drugs and to predict their in vitro activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac), new quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) models were developed. | 2004 | 14645324 |
| induction of persistent in vivo resistance to mycobacterium avium infection in balb/c mice injected with interleukin-18-secreting fibroblasts. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is closely associated with the generation of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to intracellular parasites. interleukin-18 (il-18) is known to strongly induce ifn-gamma production by t cells and natural killer (nk) cells. to determine whether the paracrine secretion of il-18 can efficiently stimulate the resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, 3t3 fibroblasts were stably transfected to secrete bioactive il-18 and their effects on mac infection w ... | 2004 | 14670321 |
| mycobacterium avium-superoxide dismutase binds to epithelial cell aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cyclophilin a. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) adheres, invades and multiplies inside epithelial cells. earlier, we demonstrated two mac protein adhesins, 25 and 31 kda, binding with hep-2 cells. the 25 kda mac adhesin was found to be superoxide dismutase (sod). in this study, epithelial cell (hep-2 and a549) ligands for mac-sod were identified by probing two-dimensional western blots of epithelial extracts with mac proteins followed by monoclonal anti-mac-sod antibodies. three epithelial cell proteins with ... | 2004 | 14687559 |
| association of adherence to mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy with clinical outcomes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | high-level adherence to regimens of combination antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic medications for opportunistic infections (ois) is crucial to their success. however, little is known about the association between adherence to these life-sustaining therapies and such clinical outcomes as progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or development of ois. we assessed adherence to regimens of antiretroviral and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylactic medications in 643 pat ... | 2002 | 11915003 |
| mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in immunocompetent patients: radiography-ct correlation. | this study aimed to describe and correlate the chest radiography and ct findings of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease in immunocompetent patients. 26 patients fulfilled the american thoracic society criteria for mac lung disease and underwent chest radiography and ct within 6 weeks of positive cultures. all abnormalities and predominant lobar involvement were recorded and abnormalities on chest radiography were correlated with those on ct. the images were evaluated by two chest radi ... | 2002 | 12000692 |
| mycobacterium avium complex-associated cholecystitis in an hiv-infected woman. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is commonly associated with fever, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and cytopenias related to invasion of the intestine and bone marrow. infection and clinical disease has been reported in other organs as well. we report the first case of cholecystitis associated with mac infection of the gallbladder. | 2002 | 12055027 |
| localized osteomyelitis due to mycobacterium avium complex in patients with human immunodeficiency virus receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | we describe 3 patients who developed atypical manifestations of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection >10 months (range, 3-16 months) after attaining sustained cd4(+) t cell counts of >100 cells/microl while receiving antiretroviral therapy and not receiving mac prophylaxis. the common features of these cases include the degree of immune reconstitution, the unusual locations of the infections, and the absence of a systemic inflammatory response. the low rate of these unusual mac infections ... | 2002 | 12060894 |
| interaction between mycobacteria and mucus on a human respiratory tissue organ culture model with an air interface. | mycobacteria adhere specifically to extracellular matrix (ecm) and mucus with a fibrous, but not globular, appearance, in organ cultures of human respiratory mucosa examined by scanning electron microscopy. previously, light microscopy sections made of tissue infected for 7 days demonstrated mycobacteria associated with mucus on the organ culture surface, and within submucosal glands in areas of damaged epithelium. the authors have now investigated the interactions between mycobacterium avium co ... | 2004 | 14967601 |
| a case of mycobacterium avium complex infection showing solitary pulmonary mass. | we report a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection showing a solitary pulmonary mass. high-resolution computed tomography (ct) revealed a well-defined, lobulated mass (32x25 mm) without calcification, cavitation, or bronchiectasis on the right upper lobe. there were no abnormalities in other sites of the lung even on high-resolution ct. the diagnosis was established by open lung needle biopsy. the patient exhibited a large solitary pulmonary mass caused by mac infection, suggesting ... | 2002 | 12126089 |
| comparison of clinical features in patients with pulmonary mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) disease treated before and after proposal for guidelines. | we aimed to investigate the transitional pattern of the clinical features of pulmonary mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) disease, especially with regard to the clinical effect of treatment, in patients treated before and after the implementation of the 1998 guidelines of the japanese society for tuberculosis for combined chemotherapy for pulmonary mac disease. the clinical findings and treatments of 220 patients with pulmonary mac disease during the past 10 years were compared by dividing the pa ... | 2004 | 14991514 |
| a patient with a mycobacterium avium complex infection complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus. | a 41-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever and polyarthralgia. a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) was made based on the findings of polyarthritis, leukocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, proteinuria, and positive reactions for antinuclear antibody (ana) and anti-double strand (ds)dna antibody. she had also been suffering from a pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with such symptoms as cough and sputum for the past 3 years. antimicrobial drugs for ... | 2004 | 14991519 |
| repeat positive cultures in mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease after macrolide therapy represent new infections in patients with nodular bronchiectasis. | the genomic dna patterns (genotypes) of 55 episodes of late positive sputum isolates, collected after >or=4 consecutive months of negative sputum cultures, in prospective macrolide treatment trials of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease were assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). having >or=2 cultures positive for mac after completion of therapy was documented 23 times; of 20 episodes studied by pfge, 17 (85%) represented new genotypes (i.e., new infections), and 87% occ ... | 2002 | 12134265 |
| cardiac tamponade as a result of mycobacterium avium-complex pleural effusion. | patients with advanced aids are prone to opportunistic infections, including disseminated disease from mycobacterium avium-complex (mac). we describe the first reported case of mac related pleural effusion causing cardiac tamponade. | 2004 | 15058504 |
| emerging significance of mycobacterium avium-complex infection in an inner-city hospital. | this study ascertains the incidence, trends, and clinical significance of acid-fast bacilli (afb) isolates at bridgeport hospital from january 1, 1995 through september 30, 1999. one hundred twenty-two isolates of nine different types of mycobacteria and nocardia were cultured from 117 patients. about 30% were hiv-positive, 34% were hiv-negative, and the hiv status of 36% was unknown. the predominant isolates were mycobacterium avium-complex (mac) (60%) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) (21.3 ... | 2002 | 12143114 |
| new n-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides as antituberculous agents with improved pharmacokinetics. | infections caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria are difficult to treat and, indeed, new therapeutic agents are being sought. as a part of an ongoing research in our laboratories, novel n-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides have been synthesized and evaluated against several strains of mt and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability after intravenous administration of three deriv ... | 2002 | 12182855 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis]. | pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis in japan occurs more than about 5,000 cases annually. among them, about 70% are occupied by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. considering the frequency and the difficulty of treatment, we discuss mainly on pulmonary mac infection on this report. at national tokyo hospital, secondary mac infection after tuberculosis sequelae were 46.5% out of 170 pulmonary mac cases since 1969 to 1985, but it decreased to 19.4% out of 268 cases since 1986 to 20 ... | 2002 | 12607341 |
| concentration of clarithromycin and 14-r-hydroxy-clarithromycin in plasma of patients with mycobacterium avium complex infection, before and after the addition of rifampicin. | clarithromycin (cam) and rifampicin (rfp) have both been recognized to be effective antibiotic agents against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. rifamycin derivatives including rfp and rifabutin modulate the cam metabolism by inducing the hepatic cytochrome p-450 3a4. to clarify the effect of rfp on the cam metabolism, we measured the plasma concentration of cam and 14-r-hydroxyclarithromycin (m-5), the major metabolite of cam, in 9 patients suffering from mac infection before and afte ... | 2004 | 15116577 |
| characterization of virulence, colony morphotype and the glycopeptidolipid of mycobacterium avium strain 104. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are responsible for mycobacterial disease in children, the aged and in immunocompromised individuals. the complex consists of different species, serovars and morphologic forms that vary in virulence. one isolate of the mac is currently being sequenced (mac 104) and was chosen based on its derivation from an aids patient and the fact that it could be genetically manipulated. | 2002 | 12623272 |
| [effects of antisense oligo dna on the antimicrobial activity of reactive oxygen intermediates and antimycobacterial agents against mycobacterium avium complex]. | there has not yet been systematic studies which attempt to elucidate detailed profiles of the interaction between antimicrobial drugs and macrophage microbicidal mechanisms. we examined the effects of antisense oligo dnas (asdnas) against oxyr and ahpc on the susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) to the h2o2-halogenation system and combined antimycobacterial drugs [clarithromycin (cam) + rifampicin (rfp)], both separately and in combination. it was found that asdna treatment of mac ... | 2003 | 12655704 |
| a study of discontinuing maintenance therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex: aids clinical trial group 393 study team. | the present nonrandomized prospective study evaluated whether antimycobacterial therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) could be withdrawn from human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects who experienced immunologic recovery while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). eligible subjects had received macrolide-based therapy for least 12 months, were asymptomatic for mac, had received haart for at least 16 weeks, and had cd4+ t cell counts >100 cells/microl. ... | 2003 | 12660918 |
| use of bioinformatics to predict a function for the gs element in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a member of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and causes the inflammatory bowel disease, johne's disease, in livestock. map has also been implicated as the causative agent of a similar disease, crohn's disease, in humans. one of three major genetic differences between map and non-pathogenic mac is the 6496-bp gs element. based on the output from freely available protein sequence and structural bioinformatics tools, and the close homology o ... | 2003 | 12673062 |
| mycobacterium avium binds to mouse intestinal mucus aldolase. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients before causing bacteremia and disseminated disease. however, the mechanism involved in the gastrointestinal colonization is not known. | 2004 | 15207805 |
| a prospective multicentre study of discontinuing prophylaxis for opportunistic infections after effective antiretroviral therapy. | to assess the medium-term safety of discontinuing prophylaxis (primary or secondary) for opportunistic infections following an effective response to antiretroviral therapy. | 2004 | 15236617 |
| evaluation of microplate alamar blue assay for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex isolates. | fifty-one clinical isolates and 5 clarithromycin-resistant mutants of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were tested for their susceptibility to clarithromycin by microplate alamar blue assay (maba). the susceptibility results were compared with the results obtained by the bactec 460 method. all clinical isolates were susceptible, while all mutants were resistant to clarithromycin by bactec. eighty-six percent of the clinical isolates were susceptible by maba, and one of the resistant mutants was ... | 2004 | 15246507 |
| a case of "hot tub lung" due to mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompetent host. | pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) typically occurs in patients with impaired cellular immunity or chronic lung disease. recently, there has been an increase in the number of reports of pulmonary disease caused by mac occurring in otherwise healthy individuals, including those reporting recent hot tub use. it is not clear if this respiratory illness represents a true infectious process or a hypersensitivity pneumonitis. we report a case of diffuse pulmonary disease caused ... | 2003 | 12695276 |
| proposal to elevate the genetic variant mac-a, included in the mycobacterium avium complex, to species rank as mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov. | the possibility that the strains included within the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), but not belonging either to m. avium or to mycobacterium intracellulare, may be members of undescribed taxa, has already been questioned by several taxonomists. a very homogeneous cluster of 12 strains characterized by identical nucleotide sequences both in the 16s rdna and in the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer was investigated. similar strains, previously reported in the literature, had been assigned ei ... | 2004 | 15280303 |
| the activity of grepafloxacin in two murine models of mycobacterium avium infection. | the activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) of varying doses of grepafloxacin (gre; 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) were compared to clarithromycin (cla; 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), ethambutol (emb; 100 mg/kg), and rifabutin (rbt; 10 mg/kg) using an intranasal (in) infection model compared to an intravenous (iv) infection model. beige mice (c57bl6/j-lyst bg j/+) were infected intranasally with about 10(6) organisms and for the iv model about 10(7) organisms. treatment for ... | 2004 | 15290460 |
| mycobacterium avium complex-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patient: report of one case. | hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) in systemic lupus erythematosus(sle) patients has not commonly been reported. in this case study, we report the first case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). this sle patient, a 15-year-old girl, had been on a high dose of prednisolone (> 0.5mg/kg/day) for more than 3 years. she presented with a spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hyperferritinemia and adult respi ... | 2003 | 12729056 |
| mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in patients without hiv infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is ubiquitous. it is found in various freshwater and saltwater sources around the world, including hot water pipes. although the organism was identified in the 1890s, its potential to cause human disease was only recognized 50 years later. only a minority of people exposed to the organism will acquire mac lung disease, usually those with underlying lung disease or immunosuppression. mac may, however, cause progressive parenchymal lung disease and bronchiectasis ... | 2004 | 15302746 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in patients with hiv infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common complication of late-stage hiv-1 infection. since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), the rate of mac infection has declined substantially, but patients with low cd4 cell counts remain at risk. among patients in the johns hopkins cohort with advanced hiv disease, the proportion developing mac has fallen from 16% before 1996 to 4% after 1996, with a current rate of less than 1% per year. factors associate ... | 2004 | 15336223 |
| controlled comparison of bactec 13a, myco/f lytic, bact/alert mb, and isolator 10 systems for detection of mycobacteremia. | to compare the performance of the bactec 13a (becton dickinson, sparks, md.), bactec myco/f lytic (becton dickinson), bact/alert mb (biomérieux, durham, n.c.), and isolator 10 lysis-centrifugation (wampole laboratories, cranbury, n.j.) systems for detection of mycobacteremia in adults, we inoculated 5-ml aliquots of blood from patients with suspected mycobacteremia into the bottle or tube required for each system. of 600 sets tested, 85 (14%) yielded mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and 9 (2%) ... | 2003 | 12734238 |
| profiles of the mrna expression by macrophages infected with mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium avium complex. | in the present study, we examined profiles of the interaction of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) with murine peritoneal macrophages (m phi s) in terms of up-regulation of m phi expression of proinflammatory and immunosuppressing cytolines (cks) after infection. first, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay revealed that both mac and m. leprae infections up-regulated m phi mrna expression il-12, tnf-alpha, il-10, and transformating growth fac ... | 2002 | 12768926 |
| mefloquine, moxifloxacin, and ethambutol are a triple-drug alternative to macrolide-containing regimens for treatment of mycobacterium avium disease. | macrolides are the core of effective drug regimens for the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. mefloquine (mfq), moxifloxacin (mxf), and ethambutol (emb), in combination, were evaluated against both clarithromycin-resistant (clr-r) and clr-susceptible (clr-s) mac; mfq (40 mg/kg), mxf (100 mg/kg), or emb (100 mg/kg/day) was given to mice for 4 weeks. mfq was bactericidal, whereas mxf and emb were bacteriostatic against both mac 101 clr-s and clr-r. the combination of mfq and e ... | 2003 | 12792877 |
| microscopic morphology in smears prepared from mgit broth medium for rapid presumptive identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium kansasii. | mycobacterium species has a specific morphology when grown in liquid medium. mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) often exhibits serpentine cording, which is different from the dot and cross-barring morphology observed in mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium kansasii (mk), respectively. these characteristic morphologies can be used as a cost-effective method for rapid, presumptive identification of mycobacterial isolates cultured from the mgit 960 system. by using kinyoun acid ... | 2003 | 12817622 |
| [a large nontuberculous mycobacterial granuloma mimicking lung cancer; report of a case]. | a 45-year-old woman with no immunodeficiency or clinical symptoms presented to our hospital for treatment of an enlarging spherical lung tumor in 4.0-cm-diameter. chest radiography 8 years ago had shown a 1.5-cm-diameter tumor. chest computed tomography (ct) showed the solitary tumor, located in the right apical segment, to have an irregular margin without satellite lesions or cavitations. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was cultured in tumor specimens incised during transbronchial biopsy. rig ... | 2004 | 15553038 |
| genetic diversity in clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex from guinea-bissau, west africa. | isolates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were cultured from sputum samples obtained from patients in guinea-bissau, west africa. twenty-eight isolates hybridising with mac probe (accuprobe) were further characterised by different molecular techniques: hybridisation with species-specific probes (accuprobe) for m. avium and m. intracellulare, partial sequencing of 16s rrna gene and pcr detection of the dt1-dt6 sequences and the macrophage-induced gene (mig). only one of the 28 isolates reacte ... | 2004 | 15555539 |
| multisite reproducibility of results obtained by two broth dilution methods for susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex. | a multicenter study was conducted to assess the interlaboratory reproducibility of susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) by broth microdilution using two different media (cation-adjusted mueller-hinton broth with 5% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase and 7h9 broth with casein) and by macrodilution using the bactec 460tb and 12b media at ph 6.8 and 7.3 to 7.4. ten well-characterized strains of mac (four macrolide susceptible, six macrolide resistant) were tested against cl ... | 2003 | 12574258 |
| surfactant protein a enhances mycobacterium avium ingestion but not killing by rat macrophages. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a significant cause of opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. although the major route of entry of mac is via the gastrointestinal tract, mac can infect humans through the respiratory tract and eventually encounter alveolar macrophages within the lung. once in the lung, mac can potentially interact with surfactant protein a (sp-a), an important component of the pulmonary innate-immune response. previous work on other pulm ... | 2003 | 12960270 |
| [clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of non-tuberculous mycobacteria respiratory infection]. | this study is designed to evaluate radiological, clinical, and pathological findings of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) respiratory infection. two-hundreds of non-tuberculous mycobacteria obtained from upper respiratory tract were collected. among them, 88 cases were selected according to the strict diagnostic criteria of mac and chest ct findings were evaluated in 67 cases. in addition, successive chest ct findings were evaluated in 25 cases with mac respiratory infection. furthermore, pathol ... | 2003 | 14509227 |
| [radiological findings of non-tuberculous mycobacteria respiratory infection]. | in these 15 years, the clinical importance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria respiratory infection has been increasing. especially, from the report of prince et al., it has been suggested that mycobacterium avium complex (mac) respiratory infection is increasing especially in elderly women without underlying diseases. in mac respiratory infection, right middle lobe and left lingula are frequently involved and centrilobular nodules and diffuse bronchiectasis are characteristic radiological findings ... | 2003 | 14509228 |
| recurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-infected patient: apparent selective immune reconstitution after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. | although several studies have reported that it is safe to discontinue secondary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in patients infected with hiv who experience a sustained immune response as a result of antiretroviral therapy, we describe a patient who developed recurrent pcp <3 months after discontinuing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. he developed disease despite a sustained cd4 t-cell count above 200 cells/microl for more than 3 years while on antiretroviral therapy, ... | 2003 | 14525547 |
| hospital water as a source of mycobacterium avium complex isolates in respiratory specimens. | the clinical significance of recovery of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms from respiratory specimens is poorly understood. one hundred sixty-one respiratory mac isolates from 131 patients at grady memorial hospital (atlanta) and 13 mac isolates from the hospital's hot water system were examined. of the 131 patients, 35 (27%) had mac disease, and 96 (73%) did not; 94 (72%) were human immunodeficiency virus infected. ten different clusters were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophor ... | 2004 | 14702159 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of mycobacterium genavense and mycobacterium avium complex species in avian samples. | diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis, caused by mycobacterium genavense or species belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), is problematic. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) offers rapid and sensitive detection of minute quantities of dna, and conventional protocols have been used for evaluating avian specimens. the recent development of real-time pcr offers several advantages over conventional pcr. in attempts to improve diagnosing avian mycobacteriosis, a real-time taqman pcr assay was ... | 2003 | 14708989 |
| treatment of mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution disease in hiv-1-infected individuals. | immune reconstitution disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection presenting shortly after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been reported with increasing frequency in persons with hiv-1 infection during the past several years. several therapeutic modalities have been utilized for this entity, but the optimal means of treating mac immune reconstitution disease remains unclear. we now describe a patient who underwent some of these therapies. we ... | 2003 | 14746655 |
| mastitis due to mycobacterium avium complex in an hiv-infected woman taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. | although infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is common in hiv-infected patients with cd4+ t cell counts less than 100/mm3, localized infection of the breast is uncommon. a brief literature review of mastitis from atypical mycobacteria is presented, along with the first reported case of localized mac infection of the nonaugmented breast in an hiv-infected woman taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2003 | 14746662 |
| prospective evaluation of in-house polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases in patients with hiv infection and lung infiltrates. | rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb) in aids is critical for optimal treatment to reduce mycobacterial dissemination, hiv-1 replication and mortality. the inadequate sensitivity of ziehl-neelsen staining and its inability to distinguish atypical mycobacteria delays accurate diagnosis. | 2004 | 14974753 |
| synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel 3-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-oxazolidinone analogues of pnu-100480. | pursuing our search program for new antitubercular drugs we decided to explore the potentiality of oxazolidinone moiety by synthesizing novel 3-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-oxazolidinone analogues of pnu-100480. the new derivatives were tested against atypical mycobacteria as well as against drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and some of them exhibited a fairly good activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 2004 | 15006398 |
| discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis in aids patients with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection. | from june 1994 to june 2002, disseminated infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) were diagnosed in 42 of 716 (5.9%) non-haemophiliac hiv-infected patients aged > or =15 years who were treated at national taiwan university hospital. the median age of these patients was 35 years (range, 27 to 60 years). the median cd4+ cell count and plasma viral load at the time of diagnosis of disseminated ntm infections were 8 x 10(6)/l (range, 0 to 892 x 10(6)/l) and 37,600 copies/ml (range, <400 ... | 2004 | 15060688 |
| interferon-gamma therapy activates human monocytes for enhanced phagocytosis of mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-infected individuals. | defective immunological function of cells of the macrophage lineage contributes to the pathogenesis of hiv-1 infection. because monocyte/macrophage function is enhanced by cytokines such as interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), the use of this immunomodulator is of potential clinical interest as adjunctive immunotherapy in immunosuppressed individuals. in this study, we show that adjunctive ifn-gamma treatment in an hiv-infected individual with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection increased phago ... | 2004 | 15116283 |
| alterations in expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the simian immunodeficiency virus model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is the most common disseminated bacterial infection in untreated patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we investigated the potential role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (mcp-1) in the pathogenesis of disseminated mac, using the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/macaque model of aids. macaques were inoculated with siv, followed by challenge with a pathogenic aids isolate of m. avium 14 days later. after challenge with m. avium, m ... | 2004 | 15116310 |
| interaction of antimycobacterial drugs with the anti-mycobacterium avium complex effects of antimicrobial effectors, reactive oxygen intermediates, reactive nitrogen intermediates, and free fatty acids produced by macrophages. | the profiles of the interaction of antimycobacterial drugs with macrophage (mphi) antimicrobial mechanisms have yet to be elucidated in detail. we examined the effects of various antimycobacterial drugs on the anti-mycobacterium avium complex (mac) antimicrobial activity of reactive oxygen intermediates (rois), especially of an h(2)o(2)-halogen (h(2)o(2)-fe(2+)-nai)-mediated bactericidal system, reactive nitrogen intermediates (rnis), and free fatty acids (ffas), which are known as central antim ... | 2004 | 15155211 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous environmental organisms. in immunocompetent hosts, they are a rare cause of disease. in immunocompromised hosts, disease due to ntm is well documented. reports of ntm disease have increased in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) and solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. this increase may reflect increased numbers of transplants, intensification of immune suppressive regimens, prolonged survival of transplant recipients, and/or improved di ... | 2004 | 15156482 |
| new 6-nitroquinolones: synthesis and antimicrobial activities. | pursuing our searches on quinolonecarboxylic acids we used a simple three-step one pot procedure to synthesize novel 1,7-disubstituted-6-nitroquinolones. the new derivatives were tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) as well as against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in vitro assays showed some derivatives were endowed with good inhibiting activities against tested mycobacteria. some derivatives were also found more potent than ciprofloxac ... | 2004 | 15178309 |
| phylogeny of mycobacterium avium strains inferred from glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis pathway genes. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) encompasses two species, m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare, which are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. the standard method of mac strain differentiation is serotyping based on a variation in the antigenic glycopeptidolipid (gpl) composition. to elucidate the relationships among m. avium serotypes a phylogenetic analysis of 13 reference and clinical m. avium strains from 8 serotypes was performed using as markers two genomic regions (890 ... | 2004 | 15184556 |
| genetic diversity of the dnaj gene in the mycobacterium avium complex. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is associated with various diseases in humans as a zoonosis. the dnaj gene was partially sequenced in schaefer's 28 reference strains of mac, 14 human mac isolates and 22 veterinary isolates. from substitutions affecting 21-32 nucleotides, all strains could be classified into 14 groups. most nucleotide substitutions did not alter amino acid sequences. approximately 8 % genetic diversity was seen in these strains, which divided into two clusters: cluster i (0 ... | 2004 | 15272071 |
| evaluation of bone marrow and blood cultures for the recovery of mycobacteria in the diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterial infections. | this study evaluated the validity of bone marrow (bm) and blood specimens for the diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterial infections (dmis). from 1990 to february 1997, all specimens were processed with the lysis-centrifugation procedure; thereafter (until december 2001), they were processed with the bactec myco/f lytic system. twenty-three paired bm-blood specimens with mycobacteria in at least one specimen were studied from 23 patients. the strains isolated were 14 mycobacterium avium complex ... | 2004 | 15301676 |
| [distribution of pra patterns of clinical isolates of the mycobacterium avium complex from spain and south america]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections are the most frequent systemic infections associated with advanced aids. dna probes for accurate identification of mycobacteria are available but are very expensive in many latin american settings. consequently, most latin american diagnostic laboratories employ inaccurate and outdated tests for mycobacteria identification. therefore, pcr restriction analysis (pra) of the hsp65 gene was evaluated for the identification of 163 mac human isolates origin ... | 2004 | 15495572 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium disease with a solitary pulmonary nodule requiring differentiation from recurrence of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. | a 56-year-old man with a past history of surgical resection of a primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe was admitted to our hospital because of a rapidly increasing solitary nodule (50x30 mm) in the right s5 followed on the chest computed tomography (ct) for three months. although we suspected recurrence of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma and performed a ct-guided lung biopsy, we could not make a definite diagnosis. therefore, to rule out recurrence of the primary pulmonary adenoc ... | 2004 | 15497525 |
| effects of macrolides and ketolides on mycobacterial infections. | new macrolides, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, are active agents to mycobacterium avium complex (mac). both clarithromycin and azithromycin are well-known for the ability to improve the prognosis of aids patients with disseminated mac infection. however, the administration of monotherapy with a macrolide is usually associated with the emergence of drug resistance after a few months of use. therefore, the recommended treatment for mac infection involved the use of at least two antibioti ... | 2004 | 15544511 |
| adjunctive immunotherapy of mycobacterial infections. | in order to cope with the worldwide increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections, a number of new antimycobacterial drugs have been or are being synthesized and developed. development of new protocols for chemotherapy of refractory mycobacterioses is also sharing promise. in this context, one promising strategy is to devise regimens to treat patients with refractory mycobacterioses using ordinary antimycobacterial agents in combi ... | 2004 | 15544517 |
| [outcome of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease treated with clarithromycin (cam)-containing regimens]. | we retrospectively investigated the efficacy of regimens including clarithromycin (cam) in 129 patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease and their outcomes. none of the patients suffered from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. all were observed for over 12 months. we studied the factors that may affect sputum conversion and fatal outcomes by logistic regression analysis. the results indicated that the presence of either cavitation or bronchiectasis was significantly corr ... | 2004 | 15566000 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a clinical review. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are important environmental pathogens that can cause a broad spectrum of diseases. the last few years brought several changes in this expanding field: the number of infections that can be associated with specific species as well as the number of new species as etiological agents has exploded due to the development of new diagnostic tools. the incidence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in hiv patients is decreasing with more potent ant ... | 2004 | 15624889 |
| use of glycopeptidolipid core antigen for serodiagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients. | we report the development of a serodiagnostic method for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease with an enzyme immunoassay (eia) with the mac-specific glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core as the antigen. in this study, we confirmed by eia that the gpl core antibody was in the sera of immunocompetent patients with mac disease. the eia for quantifying the gpl core antibody was evaluated as a clinical tool for serodiagnosis of pulmonary mac disease. a significant increase in gpl core antibodies (immunog ... | 2005 | 15642983 |
| [role of surgical treatment in atypical mycobacterium avium infection of the lung]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease has recently become an increasingly significant problem. mac is frequently difficult to treat because of its drug resistance. therefore surgical treatment still plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. lobectomy has mainly been performed, and the postoperative complication rate is relatively high (up to 32%). the rate of relapse after surgical treatment is reported to be satisfactorily low (less than 20%). early pulmonary resection is be ... | 2004 | 15651474 |
| serotype-specific modulation of human monocyte functions by glycopeptidolipid (gpl) isolated from mycobacterium avium complex. | immunomodulating activity of glycopeptidolipids (gpl), separated from different serovars of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), on macrophage functions was compared. when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), from healthy donors showing strongly positive reactions to mycobacterial purified protein derivatives (ppd), were incubated with heat-killed staphylococcus aureus coated with gpl serovar 4, phagocytosis of monocytes increased in dose-dependent manner. however, coating with gpl serovar 9 ... | 2005 | 15684494 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to mycobacterium avium in household water. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been described with exposure to aerosolized mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in indoor hot tubs (hot tub lung). | 2005 | 15706013 |
| comparative genomic hybridizations reveal genetic regions within the mycobacterium avium complex that are divergent from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. we have utilized an m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and mycobacterium avium sub ... | 2005 | 15774884 |
| chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by a cavitary lesion caused by pulmonary mycobacterium-avium complex disease. | a 66-year-old woman who had undergone one year's treatment for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease due to mycobacterium avium (rifampicin, ethambutol, clarithromycin, streptomycin-->levofloxacin) five years earlier was admitted to our hospital because of continuous fever and a newly detected abnormal chest shadow, which was like a fungus ball in the right upper lobe on chest computed tomography in the giant cavitary lesion caused by pulmonary mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) disease. ... | 2005 | 15805716 |
| use of specific rrna oligonucleotide probes for microscopic detection of mycobacterium avium complex organisms in tissue. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are important environmental pathogens that are implicated in several chronic, idiopathic diseases. diagnosis of mac-based diseases is compromised by the need to cultivate these fastidious and slowly growing organisms in order to identify which mycobacterial species are present. detection is particularly difficult when mac is intracellular or embedded within mammalian tissues. we report on the development of culture-independent, in situ hybridizati ... | 2005 | 15814959 |
| mycobacterium avium enters a state of metabolic dormancy in response to starvation. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) exhibit a highly effective and biphasic response to starvation, losing less than 90% viability after 2 years in deionized water. during the first adaptive phase of 4-7 days, the bacilli exhibit a burst of lipid catabolism, alteration of mycolate modifications, loss of catalase and urease activities, and a decline in sensitivity to antibiotics. there is also a decline in the protein level of alanine trna synthetase (alas), and an increase in ribonu ... | 2005 | 15850753 |