| effect of day length on luteinizing hormone beta-subunit mrna and subsequent gonadal growth in the white-crowned sparrow, zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. | we have applied a cdna probe for chicken luteinizing hormone beta-subunit to adenohypophysial preparations collected from gambell's white-crowned sparrows. in situ hybridization showed luteinizing hormone (lh) beta-subunit mrna distributed throughout the adenohypophysis in a manner identical to that of lh visualized by immunocytochemistry. northern blot analysis showed a single band (0.8 kbp) identical to that from japanese quail. dot blot analysis was used to quantify changes in lh beta-subunit ... | 1994 | 7926654 |
| changes in the frequency and size of smooth muscle tumors in japanese quail lines differing in body weight. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence and size of smooth muscle tumors in several japanese quail lines and to report recent correlated changes in mature bw and egg production. laying females from lines selected solely (hw) or partly (hw-hp; hw-lp) for increased 4-wk bw or for decreased 4-wk bw (lw) and from the corresponding randombred control (r1) were used. lines hw-hp and hw-lp were sublines of line hw in which males were selected for increased 4-wk bw and females were ... | 1994 | 7937482 |
| fear of humans in japanese quail selected for low or high adrenocortical response. | behavioral reactions to a nearby human were recorded in male japanese quail of two lines selected for reduced (ls; low stress) or exaggerated (hs; high stress) plasma corticosterone (b) response to brief mechanical immobilization. their adrenocortical responses to one of three treatments were then examined. these were: no human disturbance (undisturbed controls, con), capture and return to the home cage before recapture and bleeding after 5 min (cr), or capture and manual restraint for 5 min bef ... | 1994 | 7938253 |
| the integrative segment of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. occurrence and distribution of carbonic anhydrase and complex carbohydrates. | as part of a more extensive study into the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in avian excretory function, the occurrence and distribution of this enzyme was investigated in the quail integrative segment. the integrative segment represents, in birds, that part of the intestinal tract where ureteral urine undergoes postrenal modification to form definitive urine. to define the structural peculiarities within the intestinal epithelium, the constituent parts, namely cloaca, rectum and caecum, as wel ... | 1994 | 7961146 |
| force and contractile characteristics after stretch overload in quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle. | stretch overload has been shown to increase muscle mass by increasing fiber size and fiber number in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) of adult japanese quail. however, the functional significance of these changes is not known. the purpose of this study was to determine if stretch-induced hypertrophy alters function of the ald. a tube weight corresponding to 12% of the bird's body mass was added to one wing of 12 japanese quail for 30 days. this increased muscle mass corrected for the increase ... | 1994 | 7961225 |
| comparison of freeze-dried and extruded spirulina platensis as yolk pigmenting agents. | experiment 1 was an 8-wk study with japanese quail fed 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of freeze-dried spirulina or the dry equivalent of fresh spirulina extruded with corn. experiment 2 was a 16-wk repeat of experiment 1 using levels of 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% spirulina. in the third experiment, corn, barley, and cassava were extruded with fresh spirulina equal to 1% of the dried product, and each feedstuff fed with 1% freeze-dried spirulina. four replicates of five quail were assigned to each trea ... | 1994 | 7971672 |
| the avian vitamin d receptors: primary structures and their origins. | cdna clones encoding japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane and chicken kidney 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 receptors were isolated and the total 448-amino acid (aa) sequence was deduced. the sequences of the chicken and quail receptors are identical. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the avian receptors are similar but not identical to the reported rat or human receptor sequences. there is a 78% similarity in the nucleotide sequences and 98.5% and 87.5% similarities in the amino a ... | 1994 | 7972109 |
| effect of raised extracellular calcium on cell spread area in quail medullary bone osteoclasts. | the present study reports on the effects of extracellular calcium ([ca2+]o) elevation and ionomycin on cell spread area of medullary bone osteoclasts freshly isolated from egg-laying japanese quail. the responses were compared with those demonstrated in osteoclasts cultured for periods of 5-8 days and also to those previously demonstrated in neonatal rat osteoclasts. freshly isolated medullary bone osteoclasts, unlike rat osteoclasts, were refractory to 20 mm [ca2+]o, in that they showed no chan ... | 1994 | 8011313 |
| experimental borrelia garinii infection of japanese quail. | japanese quail inoculated subcutaneously with borrelia garinii responded to infection. b. garinii was reisolated mainly from skin and randomly from several organs between 7 and 56 days postinoculation. skin lesions were occasionally observed in association with spirochete recovery. all birds were positive for antibody at 53 to 56 days postinoculation. these results suggest that the japanese quail is a model for experimental infection with b. garinii and that birds are reservoirs for lyme disease ... | 1994 | 8039933 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in japanese quail. | twenty-four 5-month-old battery-hatched japanese quail were inoculated orally with 10(5) (me 49 strain, group a, 6 birds), 10(3) (me 49 strain, group b, 6 birds), 10(5) (gt-1 strain, group c, 6 birds), and 10(3) (gt-1 strain, group d, 6 birds) toxoplasma gondii oocysts. all birds in group c died or were euthanized within 8 days after inoculation (dai). five of the 6 birds in group d died or were euthanized 8, 9, 15, 19, and 23 dai. one of the 6 quail in group a died 9 dai, and 1 of the 6 birds i ... | 1994 | 8068754 |
| host specificity studies and oocyst description of a cryptosporidium sp. isolated from ostriches. | oocysts of a cryptosporidium sp. were found in the feces of 14 of 165 (8.5%) ostriches imported into canada. the genus identity of the oocysts was confirmed by morphology. the mean (+/- sd) size of 40 oocysts was 4.6 (0.53) x 4.0 (0.42) microns (range 3.9-6.1 x 3.3-5.0 microns) with a shape index (length/width ratio) of 1.15 (range 1.00-1.38). in cross-transmission experiments, this cryptosporidium sp. failed to infect suckling mice, chickens, turkeys, or quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). a co ... | 1994 | 8073019 |
| infectivity of toxocara canis larvae from japanese quails in mice. | two hundred toxocara canis larvae derived from japanese quail liver were given orally to each of 50 8-week-old ddy mice and parasitism of the larvae was examined during 6 hr and 120 days after inoculation. although there were no clinical signs in infected mice, larvae were recovered from the liver (21.5 +/- 16.3 larvae), lung (5.1 +/- 6.0 larvae), kidney (0.7 +/- 1.1 larvae), small intestine (1.0 +/- 2.0 larvae), mesentery (1.6 +/- 3.1 larvae), and brain (7.8 +/- 6.8 larvae). | 1994 | 8075236 |
| tissue-specific expression of mouse tyrosinase gene in cultured chicken cells. | a mouse tyrosinase cdna has been combined with different promoters and inserted into several replication-competent avian leukosis proviruses and the viruses were transferred into cultured albino chick cells by viral infection. expression of the tyrosinase gene depended on one of four promoter sequences: the resident constitutive promoter (rous sarcoma virus long-terminal repeat; rsv-ltr), 471 bp from the mouse tyrosinase gene-associated promoter, 519 bp from the japanese quail tyrosinase gene as ... | 1994 | 8082718 |
| solution structure of reactive-site hydrolyzed turkey ovomucoid third domain by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry methods. | the solution structure of reactive-site hydrolyzed turkey ovomucoid third domain (omtky3*) was determined by n.m.r. methods. a total of 655 distance constraints was applied in a distance geometry/simulated annealing approach to calculate a family of structures consistent with the n.m.r. data. the input data included 24 torsion angle constraints, 14 hydrogen bonds, 611 constraints derived from two-dimensional nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy data, and three disulfide bridges. stereospe ... | 1994 | 8089843 |
| effects of apomorphine on sexual behavior in male quail. | in the rat, dopamine (da) facilitates male copulatory behavior. indirect evidence based largely on neuroanatomical data suggest that in quail da is also implicated in the control of male reproductive behavior but there is no pharmacological evidence to support this conclusion. to test this idea, castrated testosterone (t)-treated male quail were injected with various doses of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (apo) in the range 1-10,000 micrograms/kg. the sexual behavior of birds was recorded ... | 1994 | 8115432 |
| ultrastructural study of post-hatching development in the pineal gland of the japanese quail. | the pineal gland of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) retained numerous follicular structures, each of which was composed mostly of pinealocytes and supporting cells radially arranged around the follicular lumen during the first 6 weeks of age. in the pinealocytes, paraboloids and regular stacks of lamellar disks, which were demonstrated at 1 day of age in a previous study [14], rapidly decreased in number after 1 week of age. from 1 to 6 weeks of age, the pinealocytes had more dev ... | 1993 | 8117821 |
| orange: a plumage color mutation accompanied by semi-lethality in japanese quail. | a new plumage color mutant, orange, in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) was characterized by the same plumage pattern as in the wild type but with diluted pigmentation on the whole body. light reddish-brown and light black are predominant instead of heavy brown and heavy black in the wild type. although the eye color of the adult orange mutant was somewhat similar to that of the wild type, it showed a reddish color when held to the light. fertility of the orange mutant was normal (97.8%), but ... | 1994 | 8120359 |
| effects of first formant onset frequency on [-voice] judgments result from auditory processes not specific to humans. | when f1-onset frequency is lower, longer f1 cut-back (vot) is required for human listeners to perceive synthesized stop consonants as voiceless. k. r. kluender [j. acoust. soc. am. 90, 83-96 (1991)] found comparable effects of f1-onset frequency on the "labeling" of stop consonants by japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) trained to distinguish stop consonants varying in f1 cut-back. in that study, cvs were synthesized with natural-like rising f1 transitions, and endpoint training stimuli ... | 1994 | 8132898 |
| [anesthesia in poultry]. | ketamine and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia was performed in the domestic fowl of the laying hybrid hisex brown and in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) to test short-time anesthesia for the purposes of small surgical interventions. the findings of the authors heidenreich and wissdorf (1978) obtained in birds in the zoo park in hannover were used to determine anesthetic doses and to assess the course of anesthesia, as well as a comparative study written by samour et al. (1984) dealing with the us ... | 1994 | 8154090 |
| visual pigments in the pineal complex of the japanese quail, japanese grass lizard and bullfrog: immunocytochemistry and hplc analysis. | we investigated localization of visual pigments in the pineal complex of japanese quail, japanese grass lizards and bullfrogs immunocytochemically by use of the antiserum against bovine rhodopsin (rh-as) and monoclonal antibodies against chicken iodopsin (io-mab). we also analyzed retinoids, chromophores of visual pigments, by a high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the outer segments and cell membranes of some photoreceptor cells in the pineal organ of the japanese quail exhibited immu ... | 1994 | 8171418 |
| type ii collagen distribution during cranial development in xenopus laevis. | epithelially expressed type ii collagen is thought to play a prominent role in the embryonic patterning and differentiation of the vertebrate skull, primarily on the basis of data derived from amniotes. we describe the spatiotemporal distribution of type ii collagen in the embryonic head of the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis, using whole-mount and serial-section immunohistochemical analysis. we studied embryos spanning nieuwkoop and faber (1967) stages 21-39, a period including cranial neur ... | 1994 | 8192239 |
| comparison of energy metabolism during the growing period in quail lines selected for body weight. | 1. the present study was conducted to compare body weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate, food intake, food conversion efficiency, abdominal fat weight, thyroid weight, plasma t4 concentration, body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production among three japanese-quail lines selected for body weight: a random bred line (rr) and lines for large (ll) or small (ss) body weight. 2. t4 concentration increased in the order ss, rr, ll in both sexes and did n ... | 1994 | 8199883 |
| low temperature and short days together induce thyroid activation and suppression of lh release in japanese quail. | we have found in japanese quail that low ambient temperature is required to terminate breeding activity in the presence of short days (wada et al., 1990, gen. comp. endocrinol. 80, 465-472; tsuyoshi and wada, 1992, gen. comp. endocrinol. 85, 424-429). to elucidate the mechanism for photoperiodic and temperature regulation of the release of luteinizing hormone (lh), several serum variables were measured in three groups of mature male birds: (a) birds kept on long days of 16l:8d, 24 hr at 19 degre ... | 1993 | 8224762 |
| structures of asparagine linked oligosaccharides of immunoglobulins (igy) isolated from egg-yolk of japanese quail. | structures of the asn linked oligosaccharides of quail egg-yolk immunoglobulin (igy) were determined in this study. asn linked oligosaccharides were cleaved from igy by hydrazinolysis and labelled with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (abee) after n-acetylation. the abee labelled oligosaccharides were then fractionated by a combination of concanavalin a-agarose column chromatography and anion exchange, normal phase and reversed phase hplc before their structures were determined by sequential exog ... | 1993 | 8257848 |
| effect of dietary protein and selected antioxidants on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome induced in japanese quail. | the effects of cp and antioxidants on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (flhs) in japanese quail hens were studied. in experiment 1, four treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial; dietary cp (18 or 24%) and reduced glutathione (gsh, 0 or 120 mg/kg diet) were the major variables, but cysteine and other amino acids were higher in the 24% cp diets. negative control (nc1) and positive control (pc1) diets were also evaluated. in experiment 2, the effects of vitamin e (ve) and gsh were evaluated i ... | 1993 | 8265498 |
| anf binding sites in the heart of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the distribution pattern of rat [125i]-atrial natriuretic factor (anf) binding sites in the cardiac regions of the japanese quail was examined by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. elevated anf binding densities (519 +/- 121 fmol/mg protein) were found in the posterior vena cava, while lower binding levels (between 40 and 50 fmol/mg protein) were found in sinus venosus, aortic bulb, and endomural vessels, with the ventricular wall having the lowest value (17.6 +/- 8.8 fmol/mg protein). scatc ... | 1993 | 8284267 |
| multiphasic analysis of egg production in japanese quail. | a multiphasic function that considers egg production of individual hens to result from more than one phase was used to describe egg production for japanese quail. each phase is determined by number of eggs within a clutch, including internally laid eggs, and pause between clutches. cumulative egg production was fitted by using a function (koops and grossman, 1992) expressing time in terms of cumulative egg number. data from nine hens over a 31-day period were analyzed to estimate parameters for ... | 1993 | 8309867 |
| somite pattern regulation in the avian segmental plate mesoderm. | previous experimental evidence suggested that the avian segmental pattern is already specified in the apparently unsegmented paraxial (segmental plate) mesoderm, but is susceptible to modification and reconstitution. we explored capacities of embryos to alter the specified pattern and restore it after disruption. in control experiments, right segmental plates of chicken or japanese quail embryos were removed after about 48 hours of incubation and immediately replaced. hensen's node and the primi ... | 1993 | 8330540 |
| [quantitative changes in the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in japanese quail during hypergravity, hypodynamia and space flight]. | the experimental work aimed at the quantitative ultrastructure of the myocardial cells of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica during hypergravitation, hypodynamism and space flight in a soviet satellite. for the determination of quantitative changes of the myocardial ultrastructure a morphometrical method was used with parameters like the number of mitochondria, average mitochondrial size, relative mitochondrial volume, deficiency of cristae and relative volume of myofibrils. the quail ... | 1993 | 8353753 |
| three-dimensional structure of a heteroclitic antigen-antibody cross-reaction complex. | although antibodies are highly specific, cross-reactions are frequently observed. to understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we studied the anti-hen egg lysozyme (hel) monoclonal antibody (mab) d11.15, which cross-reacts with several avian lysozymes, in some cases with a higher affinity (heteroclitic binding) than for hel. we have determined the crystal structure of the fv fragment of d11.15 complexed with pheasant egg lysozyme (phl). in addition, we have determined the structure of p ... | 1993 | 8356074 |
| photoperiodism in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with special reference to relative refractoriness. | cloacal gland (an androgen dependent sex accessory) of japanese quail exhibits full breeding condition as long as these were maintained under long days (ld 16:8). when shifted to short daylength (ld 6:18), scotosensitivity (cloacal gland regression) was observed up to 5 weeks, followed by scotorefractoriness (cloacal gland development). there was a regression in cloacal gland volume of the birds when shifted to intermediate daylength (ld 13.5:10.5 and 13:11) after 12 weeks of exposure to long da ... | 1993 | 8359848 |
| comparative cytotoxic responses of cultured avian and rodent aortic smooth muscle cells to allylamine. | the present studies were designed to compare the acute cytotoxic responses of cultured avian and rodent aortic smooth muscle cells (smcs) to allylamine (aam), a selective vascular toxin. smcs were isolated from male japanese quail or sprague-dawley rats and established in culture by standard procedures. cellular glutathione (gsh) content and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) leakage were used as indices of cytotoxicity. exposure of avian and rodent smcs in primary culture to aam (0.2-200 microm) for 4 ... | 1993 | 8360943 |
| effects of neurochemical lesions of the preoptic area on male sexual behavior in the japanese quail. | two experiments were carried out during which the noradrenergic neurotoxin, 5-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenylethylamine (5-admp) was applied to the brain of quail in order to evaluate the role of the noradrenergic system in the control of male copulatory behavior. in the first experiment, the icv injection of 5-admp slightly enhanced the sexual behavior observed in testosterone (t)-treated castrated male quail. this brings additional support to the notion that norepinephrine tonically inh ... | 1993 | 8374807 |
| recombination nodules and axial equalization in the zw pairs of the peking duck and the guinea fowl. | the meiotic z and w chromosomes of the guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and the peking duck (anas platyrhynchos) show features similar to those described previously for 3 species of phasianidae: chicken, japanese quail and bobwhite quail. axial equalization in the gonosomes of the peking duck involves lengthening of the w axis along with shortening of the z axis. a single recombination nodule is constantly found in the synaptic, terminal region of the zw pairs stained with phosphotungstic acid. th ... | 1993 | 8404053 |
| electron microscope observations on lh-induced oocyte maturation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the aim of this study was to describe the temporal sequence of ultrastructural changes in the boundary between the preovulatory oocyte and its surrounding follicular wall during maturation induced by injection of lh. female japanese quail were injected with ovine lh (20 micrograms per bird) 10-12 h before the expected time of ovulation. the largest and second largest follicles were excised before or 1, 2, 4 or 6 h after injection. the oocyte and the surrounding follicular wall were processed for ... | 1993 | 8410804 |
| sexual approach conditioning: unconditioned stimulus factors. | unconditioned stimulus (us) factors were investigated in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). copulation with a female quail was more effective than exposure to a female without copulation, but the latter also produced conditioned responding (experiment 1). the greater effectiveness of copulatory opportunity as a us was probably not due to nonassociative effects of copulation (experiment 2). visual cues of the female, as presented on a t ... | 1993 | 8418215 |
| sexual approach conditioning: tests of unconditioned stimulus devaluation using hormone manipulations. | contents of learning that result from conditioned-unconditioned stimulus pairings in sexual approach conditioning were explored with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). sexual motivation of subjects conditioned to approach an arbitrary stimulus in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm was reduced by exposing them to a short photoperiod. decreased sexual motivation resulted in a decline in sexually conditioned approach behavior (experiments 1 and 2). responding was restored when ... | 1993 | 8418216 |
| estrogen receptors in the avian brain: survey reveals general distribution and forebrain areas unique to songbirds. | estrogens play an important role in the control and differentiation of species-typical behavior and in endocrine homeostasis of birds, but the distribution and evolution of cells that contain estrogen receptors in the avian brain are poorly understood. this study therefore surveys 26 species in the avian orders anseriformes (1 species), galliformes (2), columbiformes (3), psittaciformes (1), apodiformes (2), and passeriformes (3 suboscines, 14 oscines). indirect immunocytochemistry with the estr ... | 1993 | 8432903 |
| effects of hypercholesterolemia on tissue antioxidant status in two species differing in susceptibility to atherosclerosis. | uncontrolled oxidation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. in order to investigate the possible influence of hyperlipidemia on endogenous antioxidant status, the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and in vitro susceptibility to oxidative challenge (as measured by glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation) were compared in two species exhibiting high and low susceptibilities to atherosclerosis, namely japanese quail and rat, respective ... | 1993 | 8451540 |
| lipoprotein and apoprotein profile of japanese quail. | the present study delineated the lipoprotein and apoprotein distribution in japanese quail. quail lipoprotein was composed of three fractions: vldl, d < 1.020; ldl, 1.020 < d < 1.081; hdl, 1.081 < d < 1.210. when animals were fed the cholesterol-free diet, hdl was the predominant form, ldl intermediate, vldl and chylomicron were smallest in amount. feeding of cholesterol induced a marked change in the lipoprotein profile: vldl or chylomicron predominated over hdl and ldl. an apoprotein of 26 kd ... | 1993 | 8461329 |
| experimental candidiasis in japanese quail: pathological changes. | candidiasis was experimentally produced in young japanese quail by oral administration of candida albicans cells. lesions were confined to upper digestive tract with most characteristic changes occurring on the mucosa of crop. no lesions were observed in other tissues of the body. the initial changes in the crop were characterized by thickening and yellowish-white necrotic plaques on the mucosa. from 10th day onwards, there was marked thickening and corrugations of the crop mucosa giving it a ty ... | 1993 | 8469270 |
| the neuroanatomic binding pattern of [125i]atrial natriuretic factor in the japanese quail brain. | application of quantitative autoradiography technique provided a discrete anatomical distribution pattern of the atrial natriuretic factor (anf) in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, brain. the highest binding levels of [125i]anf were shown to occur in telencephalon areas, such as fasciculus diagonalis brocae (232 fmol/mg protein), septum (194 fmol/mg protein) and olfactory bulb (153 fmol/mg protein), and in posterior sites, such as nucleus interpeduncularis (177 fmol/mg protein), w ... | 1993 | 8506079 |
| specific activation in jun-transformed avian fibroblasts of a gene (bkj) related to the avian beta-keratin gene family. | we have analyzed differential gene expression in normal versus jun-transformed avian fibroblasts by using subtracted nucleic acid probes and differential nucleic acid hybridization techniques for the isolation of cdna clones. one clone corresponded to a gene that was strongly expressed in a previously established quail (coturnix japonica) embryo fibroblast line (vcd) transformed by a chimeric jun oncogene but whose expression was undetectable in normal quail embryo fibroblasts. furthermore, the ... | 1995 | 8524838 |
| effects of testosterone and its metabolites on aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain: relationship with the activation of male reproductive behavior. | the enzyme aromatase converts testosterone (t) into 17 beta-estradiol and plays a pivotal role in the control of reproduction. in particular, the aromatase activity (aa) located in the preoptic area (poa) of male japanese quail is a limiting step in the activation by t of copulatory behavior. aromatase-immunoreactive (aro-ir) cells of the poa are specifically localized within the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the medial preoptic nucleus(pom), a sexually dimorphic and steroid-sensitive structur ... | 1996 | 8603040 |
| an oviposition-inducing peptide: isolation, localization, and function of avian galanin in the quail oviduct. | it is well established that avian oviposition is regulated, at least partly, by a neurohypophysial hormone, arginine vasotocin, and ovarian hormones, prostaglandins, are regulated through mechanisms of the induction of uterine contractions. although abundant nerves are terminated in the musculature in the uterine and vaginal oviduct regions, limited information is available on the neuronal control mechanism of avian oviposition. to identify the oviduct factor that plays an important role in the ... | 1996 | 8612493 |
| pathogenicity of quail's inclusion body hepatitis virus (avian adenovirus-1) for japanese quails and broiler chicks. | quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and broiler (gallus domesticus) chicks were inoculated experimentally with ibh virus (avian adenovirus-1) derived from quails to determine its pathogenicity. quail chicks were inoculated by the intraperitoneal route at 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 weeks of age. lesions were encountered most frequently in the liver, kidneys and lungs. these included pale, swollen and mottled liver, swollen nephrotic kidneys, and congested and pneumonic lungs. the lesions were severe in birds ... | 1995 | 8619292 |
| characteristics of enterococci and staphylococci isolated from the crop and caecum of japanese quails exposed to microgravity conditions. | ten selected strains of enterococci and staphylococci were isolated from the crop and caecum of japanese quails exposed to microgravity conditions. isolates were allotted to the species enterococcus gallinarum, ent. avium, ent. faecium, staphylococcus gallinarum and staph. aureus. isolated strains were facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, gram-positive cocci, occurring in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters. isolates utilized most of the soluble sugars tested and produced bacteriocin-like ... | 1995 | 8659081 |
| plasma thyroid hormone and growth hormone patterns in precocial japanese quail and altricial european starlings during postnatal development. | plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (th) and growth hormone (gh) during postnatal development in the precocial japanese quail (coturnix japonica), and the altricial european starling (sturnus vulgaris) were measured. developmental changes in plasma th found in the starling, differ considerably from those detected in quail. in quail rather high triiodothyronine (t3) values were measured during the first few days after hatching. subsequently a steady decrease of plasma t3, to adult levels, w ... | 1996 | 8689527 |
| monophyletic origin and unique dispersal patterns of domestic fowls. | with the aim of elucidating in greater detail the genealogical origin of the present domestic fowls of the world, we have determined mtdna sequences of the d-loop regions for a total of 21 birds, of which 12 samples belong to red junglefowl (gallus gallus) comprising three subspecies (six gallus gallus gallus, three gallus gallus spadiceus, and three gallus gallus bankiva) and nine represent diverse domestic breeds (gallus gallus domesticus). we also sequenced four green junglefowl (gallus variu ... | 1996 | 8692897 |
| experimental chlamydia psittaci infection of japanese quail. | japanese quail were used for the infection model of avian chlamydiosis. one-day-old japanese quail were highly susceptible to lethal infection by a chlamydia psittaci strain of budgerigar origin upon inoculation via the air sac route with 10(4.1) ffu of the organism, showing an acute and lethal course with chlamydial propagation. in contrast, 7-day-old quail developed resistance to the infection as shown by the lack of lethal effect with the same dose. the resistance of 7-day-old birds was aboli ... | 1996 | 8709861 |
| molecular characterization of quail apolipoprotein very-low-density lipoprotein ii: disulphide-bond-mediated dimerization is not essential for inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. | as part of the avian reproductive effort, large quantities of triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (vldl) particles are transported by receptor-mediated endocytosis into the female germ cells. although the oocytes are surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells harbouring high levels of active lipoprotein lipase, non-lipolysed vldl is transported into the yolk. this is because vldl particles from laying chickens are protected from lipolysis by apolipoprotein (apo)-vldl-ii, a potent dimeri ... | 1996 | 8713091 |
| changes of gtp binding proteins, not neurofilament-associated proteins, in the brain of the neurofilament-deficient quail, "quiver". | a neurofilament (nf)-deficient mutant of the japanese quail was named "quiver", as it showed generalized quivering as a clinical sign. nf consists of three major subunits; low, middle and high. we previously reported that the noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine content in the neostriatum of the quiver's brain was different from that in the normal quail, although disappearance of the three nf proteins occurred in all areas of the quiver's brain. thus, nf-related proteins may show considerable c ... | 1996 | 8719712 |
| distribution of immunoreactive atrial and brain natriuretic peptides in the heart of the chicken, quail, snake and frog. | the distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp)- and brain natriuretic peptide (bnp)-granules was examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally in the hearts of the chicken, japanese quail, japanese rat snake and bull-frog. moreover, natriuretic peptide (np)-granules in the cardiocytes were analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry. immunohistochemically, anp-immunoreactivity (ir) was not detected in any cardiocytes, but bnp-ir was detectable in most atrial and ventricular cardiocytes ... | 1996 | 8726136 |
| comparison of the ontogenesis of thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-i in ad libitum and food-restricted (altricial) european starlings and (precocial) japanese quail. | in this study, we compare the ontogenic patterns for thyroid hormones, growth hormone (gh), and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in altricial european starlings and precocial japanese quail and examine the effects of feed restriction on these species. the most marked difference in development between the altricial and precocial birds was with respect to plasma thyroid hormone patterns. in the starling, circulating concentrations of triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) were very low in em ... | 1996 | 8729940 |
| experimental hepatitis induced by campylobacter jejuni infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | to establish an experimental model for vibrionic hepatitis caused by campylobacter jejuni, japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were inoculated with c. jejuni strains isolated from chicken hepatitis (bl107) and human diarrhea (hp5113). necrotic liver lesions were formed by intra-pancreaticoduodenal vein injection by which the bacteria reached the liver directly via the portal vein, but not by intra-gastric infection. these liver lesions were observed from day 1 to 7 after the infection. ... | 1996 | 8777226 |
| the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of quail: a key brain area mediating steroid action on male sexual behavior. | about 10 years ago, a sexually differentiated nucleus was identified in the preoptic area (poa) of the japanese quail in the course of studies analyzing the dimorphic mechanisms involved in the activation of sexual behavior. in this species, males exposed to testosterone copulate while females never show this masculine behavior. the present paper reviews anatomical, neurochemical, and functional data that have been collected since that time about the quail dimorphic nucleus. the medial preoptic ... | 1996 | 8788569 |
| substrate specificity of bovine liver cytosolic neutral alpha-mannosidase activated by co2+. | a cytosolic neutral alpha-mannosidase was purified from bovine liver. its molecular weight was found to be 500,000 on gel filtration. the activity of the enzyme toward man alpha 1-6-(man alpha 1-3)man alpha 1-6(man alpha 1-3)man beta 1-4glcnac-pa was increased 26-fold by preincubation with 1 mm co2+. man alpha 1-6(man alpha 1-3)man alpha 1-6(man alpha 1-3)man beta 1-4glcnac was hydrolyzed by the enzyme to man alpha 1-3man alpha 1-6(man alpha 1-3)man beta 1-4glcnac, which was further hydrolyzed t ... | 1996 | 8797102 |
| plasma thyroxine concentrations in farmed ostriches in relation to age, body weight, and growth hormone. | thyroid hormones are of interest in ostriches because, in common with other ratites, ostriches are believed to have evolved through neoteny, a process which, in amphibia, is related to thyroid function. farmed ostriches show marked differences in growth rates, a problem which also could be related to abnormal thyroid function. in adult farmed ostriches (more than 3 years old), mean plasma thyroxine concentration was 1.8 nmol middle dot liter-1 (range 0.2 to 6.5 nmol middle dot liter-1). this is ... | 1996 | 8812401 |
| production and purification of japanese quail ovalbumin as fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase in escherichia coli. | a plasmid encoding a fusion protein interlinked by thrombin recognition sequence between glutathione s-transferase and japanese quail ovalbumin (without 40 amino acid residues from the 5'-end of the orf) has been constructed, employing the expression system pgex-2t. the deglycosylated fusion protein (64 kda) was purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione agarose beads, analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunochemically detected with antiserum raised against japanese qua ... | 1995 | 8851561 |
| pathological study of japanese quail embryo with acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency during early development. | a pathological study was performed on the tissues of 11 japanese quail embryos with type ii glycogen storage disease (gsd ii) between incubation day (id) 3 and id 15. accumulation of glycogen in vacuoles derived from lysosomes was first seen in cardiac muscle at id 3, in liver at id 5, in wing muscle at id 7, and in pectoral muscle at id 10. the number and size of the glycogen vacuoles gradually increased during development, especially in cardiac muscle. cytoplasmic glycogen particles, showing t ... | 1996 | 8870826 |
| glutathione s-transferases in the japanese quail: tissue distribution and purification of the liver isozymes. | cytosolic glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (cdnb), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (dcnb), ethacrynic acid (ea), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxyl)propane (epnp), trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one(t-pbo), delta 5-androstene-3,17-dione (asd) and trans-stilbene oxide (t-so); cytosolic glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide (cuooh); and microsomal gst activity toward cdnb were examined in liver, kidney, brain, and lung of adult male and female ja ... | 1996 | 8884469 |
| distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the forebrain of zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata): implications for the neural action of steroids and nuclear definition in the avian hypothalamus. | cells immunoreactive for the enzyme aromatase were localized in the forebrain of male zebra finches with the use of an immunocytochemistry procedure. two polyclonal antibodies, one directed against human placental aromatase and the other directed against quail recombinant aromatase, revealed a heterogeneous distribution of the enzyme in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. staining was enhanced in some birds by the administration of the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, r76713 rac ... | 1996 | 8885196 |
| serum concentrations of thyroid hormones during egg laying in two types of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | in the present investigation a lighter white egg-type (l) and a heavier wild meat-type (m) of female japanese quails were compared with respect to egg production, body growth, abdominal fat pad, serum thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) concentrations, trh sensitivity and t4 5'-monodeiodinase activity in liver homogenates. during the investigation period l type layed considerably more eggs and m type was heavier in body weight. abdominal fat pad in l type quails was significantly higher tha ... | 1994 | 8891179 |
| long-term selection for body weight in japanese quail under different environments. | long-term selection was conducted for high 4-wk bw in japanese quail under different selection environments to investigate selection limits and to determine whether genetic parameters for growth are similar to those in chickens. quail lines were selected under an adequate 28% cp diet (p line) and under a low 20% cp diet (t line). mean realized heritabilities ranged from 0.32 (t line) to 0.49 (p line) during the first 10 generations. although genetic variation remained following 97 generations of ... | 1996 | 8893294 |
| absence of coexistence between nadph-diaphorase and antidiuretic hormone in the hypothalamus of two galliforms: japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and chicken (gallus domesticus). | based on previous studies demonstrating coexistence of nadph-diaphorase (nd) and vasopressin (vp) in the rat hypothalamus. nd histochemistry and vasotocin (vt) immunocytochemistry have been combined in order to study the distribution of both markers in the hypothalamus of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and chicken (gallus domesticus). no coexistence was found, however, close anatomical relationships between nd-positive and vt-immunoreactive elements were observed in specific preoptic and ... | 1996 | 8897481 |
| disposition of metronidazole in hens (gallus gallus) and quails (coturnix coturnix japonica): pharmacokinetics and whole-body autoradiography. | hens were given single intravenous or oral doses (30 mg/kg body weight) of metronidazole and the plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) at intervals from 10 min to 24 h after drug administration. pharmacokinetic variables were calculated by the lagrange algorithm technique. the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) after the intravenous injection was 4.2 +/- 0.5 h, the volume of distribution (vd(ss) 1.1 +/- 0.2 l/kg and the total body clear ... | 1996 | 8905568 |
| host range, survival in dead hosts, cryopreservation, periodicity and morphology of plasmodium durae herman in experimental infections. | in experimental infections, fowl, duck, guineafowl and canary were refractory to plasmodium durae, which in japanese quail produced low and transient infections, but a high and long-lasting parasitaemia in a lady amherst pheasant. heart, blood and brain of dead hosts injected into turkeys, allowed the recovery and further passaging of the live parasite. this technique could be useful for the recovery of malaria parasites from suspect postmortem material. intravenous infection produced parasitaem ... | 1996 | 8917860 |
| distribution of avt gene expressing neurons in the prosencephalon of japanese quail and chicken. | detailed anatomical studies about the distribution of arginine-vasotocin (avt) gene expressing neurons in the avian brain are so far non-existent. most of the investigations are limited to discrete brain nuclei in the chicken and concern particular experimental conditions. since no data on avt gene expression are up to now available in japanese quail, we report here the distribution of avt mrna containing neurons within the prosencephalon of this bird and a comparison with the same system of the ... | 1996 | 8929339 |
| effects of the glycoprotein sugar chains on the amino-carbonyl reaction of chicken and japanese quail ovomucoids with glucose. | the amino-carbonyl reactions of two glycoproteins, chicken ovomucoid and quail ovomucoid, which have similar amino acid sequences but different sugar chains, were compared. the free guanidino groups, but not amino groups, of chicken ovomucoid decreased more rapidly than those of quail ovomucoid during reaction with glucose. protein polymerization and formation or brownish or fluorescent compounds also occurred more quickly in the chicken ovomucoid. these results suggested that the sugar chain mo ... | 1996 | 8987600 |
| demonstration, localization, and development of galanin receptors in the quail oviduct. | we recently isolated an oviposition-inducing peptide that was identified as avian galanin from the oviducts of the japanese quail. avian galanin was localized in neural fibers distributed in muscle layers in the uterine and vaginal oviduct regions, and potentiated spontaneous contractions of the uterus and vagina. to elucidate whether an oviposition-inducing effect of avian galanin is due to the direct action on the oviduct, therefore, a specific binding site for avian galanin was determined in ... | 1997 | 9018843 |
| epidemiology of inclusion body hepatitis in poultry in northern india from 1990 to 1994. | the epidemiology of inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) was studied in poultry in northern india, from april 1990 to march 1994, to evaluate the various factors responsible for causing and determining the severity of the disease. broiler chicks and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were the species examined. the factor observed to be most commonly associated with ibh was the presence of aflatoxins in the feed at higher than permissible levels, i.e. 20 parts per billion. avian adenovirus-1 w ... | 1996 | 9025150 |
| intracerebral sex differences in the vasotocin system in birds: possible implication in behavioral and autonomic functions. | the brain vasotocinergic system demonstrates clear sexual dimorphism in birds investigated so far. this paper examines the evidence obtained in studies on gallinaceous (domestic fowl, japanese quail) and passerine (canary, junco, zebra finch) birds. vasotocin (vt)-immunoreactive parvocellular neurons are present in the nucleus of stria terminalis of males, but they are less abundant or absent in the corresponding structure of females. a similar difference has been observed in the dorsal paravent ... | 1996 | 9047289 |
| changes in multiple brain regions underlie species differences in a complex, congenital behavior. | the evolutionary brain modifications that produce any complex, congenital behavioral difference between two species have never been identified. evolutionary processes may (i) alter a single, "higher" brain area that generates and/or coordinates the diverse motor components of a complex act; (ii) separately change independent, "lower" brain areas that modulate the fine motor control of the individual components; or (iii) modify both types of areas. this study explores the brain localization of a ... | 1997 | 9050894 |
| aromatase immunoreactivity in axon terminals of the vertebrate brain. an immunocytochemical study on quail, rat, monkey and human tissues. | intraneuronal production of estradiol from testosterone has been shown to play a pivotal role in gender-specific brain development of most vertebrates, and to participate in numerous functions of the adult central nervous system. previous biochemical and morphological approaches demonstrated that estrogen synthetase (aromatase) is present in specific limbic and hypothalamic structures. on the other hand, less attention has been paid to revealing its subcellular distribution. the possibility of a ... | 1996 | 9053779 |
| changes in serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone levels and egg production in hypocholesterolemia induced japanese quails coturnix coturnix japanica. | mature healthy female japanese quails injected (i.p.) with gemfibrozil at two dose levels for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks induced hypocholesterolemia as observed by the serum cholesterol concentration which was more severe with the higher dose. liver and ovarian cholesterol contents decreased in 3rd and 4th week of the treatment. significant (p > 0.05) increase in serum triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) level were observed between 3rd and 4th week while serum estradiol-17 beta and progesterone leve ... | 1996 | 9055651 |
| cloning and origin of the two forms of chicken vitamin d receptor. | the cdna for the chicken vitamin d receptor (vdr) has been cloned in full length by screening cdna libraries from chicken intestine and chicken kidney. the chicken kidney cdna library constructed by both oligo(dt) and random primer methods yielded several full-length clones. these contained a 66-bp additional coding sequence at the 5' end in comparison to the cdnas of human, rat, and mouse vdr. the japanese quail vdr cdna was also cloned in full length. we found that the 5' coding sequence repor ... | 1997 | 9056239 |
| apolipoprotein a-1 of japanese quail: cdna sequence and modulation of tissue expression by cholesterol feeding. | apolipoprotein (apo) a-1 cdna was amplified by the reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). primers were synthesized according to the nucleotide sequence of chicken apo a-1, and the identity of apo a-1 cdna was confirmed by comparing with the n-terminal amino acid sequence. the open reading frame of apo a-1 cdna consists of 795 nucleotides, and it is capable of coding a polypeptide of 264 amino acids. a comparison between quail and chicken apo a-1 revealed 94.5% homology in the ... | 1997 | 9058967 |
| existence of parvalbumin and biochemical characterization in quail and pigeon skeletal muscles with different fiber type compositions. | the localization of parvalbumin was determined in skeletal muscles with different fiber type compositions from quails (coturnix japonica) and pigeons (columba livia) by sandwich elisa. the biochemical profiles of these muscles were evaluated by the assay of total lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity as well as the ldh isozymes for anaerobic metabolism, and by the analysis of myoglobin for aerobic metabolism. the quail fast posterior latissimus dorsi (pld) with a lower myoglobin content and highe ... | 1997 | 9097460 |
| c-fos expression in the putative avian suprachiasmatic nucleus. | c-fos induction was investigated as a potential component in the avian photic entrainment pathway and as a possible means of locating the central pacemaker in birds. in both quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and starlings (sturnus vulgaris) exposure to 1 h of light induced fos-lir in the visual suprachiasmatic nucleus but not in the medial suprachiasmatic nucleus. however, the degree of c-fos induction in the visual suprachiasmatic nucleus was similar at different circadian times despite the fa ... | 1997 | 9163930 |
| regulation of the neural crest cell fate by n-myc: promotion of ventral migration and neuronal differentiation. | during neural crest development in avian embryos, transcription factor n-myc is initially expressed in the entire cell population. the expression is then turned off in the period following colonization in ganglion and nerve cord areas except for the cells undergoing neuronal differentiation. this was also recapitulated in the culture of japanese quail neural crest, and the cells expressing n-myc eventually coincided with those expressing neurofilaments. these findings suggested that n-myc is inv ... | 1997 | 9169842 |
| standard values for reproductive and clinical chemistry parameters of japanese quail. | historical control data of japanese quail collected from reproduction studies conducted at the federal institute for health protection of consumers and veterinary medicine between 1988 and 1994 are presented in this paper. reproductive and clinical chemistry data from control animals of 10 ecotoxicological studies are summarized and discussed to develop a normal data base of this species. the data obtained were compared to the control reproductive parameters of bob-white quail and mallard ducks ... | 1997 | 9200886 |
| maternal thyroid hormones in japanese quail eggs and their influence on embryonic development. | we addressed the relationship between the thyroid status of hens and the thyroid hormone content of their eggs, as well as the influences of egg hormones on embryonic development. methods for measuring thyroid hormones in egg yolk were verified by demonstrating consistency in the recovery of yolk thyroid hormones following a methanol/chloroform extraction and in the measurement of thyroid hormones by ria for a range of hormone concentrations in yolk extracts. untreated hens produced eggs with yo ... | 1997 | 9245523 |
| perceptual compensation for coarticulation by japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | when members of a series of synthesized stop consonants varying in third-formant (f3) characteristics and varying perceptually from /da/ to /ga/ are preceded by /al/, human listeners report hearing more /ga/ syllables than when the members of the series are preceded by /ar/. it has been suggested that this shift in identification is the result of specialized processes that compensate for acoustic consequences of coarticulation. to test the species-specificity of this perceptual phenomenon, data ... | 1997 | 9265760 |
| a novel and simple technique for ectopic transplantation of the pituitary gland. | sites for ectopic transplantation of the pituitary include the kidney capsule of mammals, the anterior eye chamber, the so-called hypophysiotropic area of the brain, the third cerebral ventricle, and the tail of the amphibian tadpole. transplantation of pituitary in the kidney capsule of mammals is a simple technical procedure but most nonmammalian species do not offer such a convenient site. transplantation of pituitaries at other ectopic sites involves technical sophistication and cannot be un ... | 1997 | 9268611 |
| quail cystatin: isolation and characterisation of a new member of the cystatin family and its hypothetical interaction with cathepsin b. | quail cystatin, a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor protein of the cystatin superfamily, was purified from egg albumen of japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica. amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed the complete 116 amino acid residue primary structure of a phosphorylated form (13,173 da). the inhibitor has a 90% sequence identity with chicken cystatin. its interaction with papain is rapid and tight (ki = 4.4 pm; k(on) = 1.8x10(7) m(-1) s(-1); k(off) = 0.8x10(-4) s(-1)) and ve ... | 1997 | 9276465 |
| effect of growth rate and body mass on resting metabolic rate in galliform chicks. | in this study, we asked whether within-species variation in chick resting metabolic rate was related to variation in growth and whether this relationship changed during development in three galliform species (turkey, meleagris gallopavo, guinea fowl, numida meleagris, and japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica). resting metabolic rate increased by a bi- or triphasic pattern with body mass. for each phase, the relationship between metabolic rate and growth was studied by residual analysis, wi ... | 1997 | 9279916 |
| effects of dopamine agonists on appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in japanese quail. | the effects of pharmacological manipulations of dopaminergic transmission on appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior were investigated in castrated male japanese quail treated with exogenous testosterone. appetitive male sexual behavior was assessed by measuring a learned social proximity response and consummatory behavior was assessed by measuring copulatory behavior per se. the nonselective dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner both co ... | 1997 | 9300599 |
| transport characteristics of the colonic epithelium of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). | the colon of the domestic fowl sustains a reabsorptive na+ current on both high- and low-sodium diets. however, there is a marked shift in the apical transport step under these two extreme conditions, from amino acid/hexose cotransport on high-salt diets to amiloride-sensitive na+ channels on low-salt diets. the present experiments were performed to study colonic na+ transport in another galliform species, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). birds were maintained on a commercial game feed co ... | 1997 | 9366053 |
| plasmodium forresteri n. sp., from raptors in florida and southern georgia: its distinction from plasmodium elongatum morphologically within and among host species and by vector susceptibility. | plasmodium forresteri n. sp. naturally infects eastern screech-owls (otus asio), great horned owls (bubo virginianus), barred owls (strix varia), bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus), broad-winged hawks (buteo platypterus), and red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) in florida and southern georgia. schizonts occur in mature or nearly mature erythrocytes, produce 2-6 merozoites arranged most commonly in fan or cruciform configuration, with mean dimensions am ... | 1997 | 9379302 |
| predominant expression of a z-chromosome-linked immunoglobulin superfamily gene, zov3, in steroidogenic cells of ovarian follicles and in embryonic gonads of chickens. | a cdna clone, pzov3, was isolated from the cdna library of immature chicken ovaries and its gene was mapped to the middle of the short arm of the z chromosome. the cdna sequence suggests that zov3 is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. cdna clones of homologues of chicken zov3 were also obtained from japanese quail and pigeon. northern blot hybridization suggests that the high-level expression of the zov3 gene is restricted to the gonads: embryonic, immature and mature ovaries, and ... | 1997 | 9404001 |
| proteolytic enzymes in yolk-sac membrane of quail egg. purification and enzymatic characterisation. | degradation of yolk protein is essential for the early development of the avian embryo. in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), proteolysis in the surrounding tissue of the yolk, the yolk-sac membrane, can be inhibited by class-specific inhibitors of cysteine proteinases as well as of aspartic proteinases. purification of the enzymes leads to one cysteine proteinase and one aspartic proteinase with an apparent molecular mass of 29 kd and 44 kd, respectively. both enzymes were purified in ... | 1997 | 9418005 |
| a direct dopaminergic control of aromatase activity in the quail preoptic area. | in the quail preoptic area (poa) anatomical and pharmacological data suggest that catecholamines may be implicated in the control of testosterone (t) aromatization into estrogens. the biochemical mechanism(s) mediating this control of the enzyme activity is (are) however unexplored. the present studies were carried out to investigate whether the catecholamines, dopamine (da) and norepinephrine (ne) are able to directly affect aromatase activity (aa) measured during in vitro incubations of poa ho ... | 1997 | 9449211 |
| clinical and metabolic correction of pompe disease by enzyme therapy in acid maltase-deficient quail. | pompe disease is a fatal genetic muscle disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (gaa), a glycogen degrading lysosomal enzyme. gaa-deficient (amd) japanese quails exhibit progressive myopathy and cannot lift their wings, fly, or right themselves from the supine position (flip test). six 4-wk-old acid maltase-deficient quails, with the clinical symptoms listed, were intravenously injected with 14 or 4.2 mg/kg of precursor form of recombinant human gaa or buffer alone every 2-3 d ... | 1998 | 9466978 |
| influence of dietary cholesterol and fat source on atherosclerosis in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | the japanese quail has been used as a model of human atherosclerosis to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of vascular lesions, i.e. hyperlipoproteinaemia and impaired endogenous antioxidant status. in the present study, japanese quail were fed on semi-purified diets containing butter, beef tallow or soyabean-oil blends, with either 0.5 or 5 g cholesterol/kg for 9 weeks to examine the effects of dietary fat blends varying in fatty acid composition and cholesterol intake on pla ... | 1997 | 9497448 |
| purification and characterization of neutral alpha-mannosidase from hen oviduct: studies on the activation mechanism of co2+. | neutral alpha-mannosidase was purified to homogeneity from hen oviduct. the molecular mass of the enzyme was 480 kda on gel filtration, and the 110-kda band on sds-page in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that it is composed of four subunits. the activated enzyme hydrolyzed both p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-mannoside and high mannose-type sugar chains. this substrate specificity is almost the same as that reported for the neutral a-mannosidase from japanese quail oviduct [oku and hase (1991) ... | 1997 | 9498562 |
| molecular cloning of acid alpha-glucosidase cdna of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the lack of its mrna in acid maltase deficient quails. | acid alpha-glucosidase (gaa) hydrolyzes alpha-1, 4 and alpha-1, 6 glucosidic linkages of oligosaccharides and degrades glycogen in the lysosomes. the full-length gaa i cdna, pqam8, was isolated from a cdna library derived from japanese quail liver. the cdna is 3569 base pairs long and has an open reading frame capable of coding 932 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence shares 52% identity with human gaa. transfection of expression vector petam8 into cos-7 cells or acid maltase deficient ( ... | 1997 | 9540858 |
| the structure of the interstitial tissue of the active and resting avian testis. | the interstitial tissue of the testis was studied in gonadally active and gonadally inactive domestic fowl (gallus gallus domesticus), guinea-fowl (numida meleagris), duck (anas platyrhynchos) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). gonadal inactivity in the fowl was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 50 mg oestradiol benzoate. the structure of this tissue was similar in all the birds studied. lymphatic vessels were mostly thin and meandered between the peritubular tissue per ... | 1997 | 9551481 |
| role of the archistriatal nucleus taeniae in the sexual behavior of male japanese quail (coturnix japonica): a comparison of function with the medial nucleus of the amygdala in mammals. | nucleus taeniae (tn) is a prominent cell group within the medial archistriatum of birds. based upon similarities in sex-steroid binding sites, this nucleus has been hypothesized to be homologous to the medial nucleus of the amygdala (me) in mammals, which is known to modulate the expression of sexual behavior in rodents. we therefore tested whether or not tn likewise plays a role in the expression of sexual behavior in male japanese quail. we found that bilateral damage to tn produced deficits i ... | 1998 | 9553694 |
| francolin phylogenetics: molecular, morphobehavioral, and combined evidence. | the phylogenetics of francolins (francolinus species) were reassessed by obtaining 660 bp of sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) cytochrome b gene from 20 species, the common quail coturnix coturnix africana, and the madagascar partridge margaroperdix madagarensis. published sequences of the japanese quail c. c. japonica, alectoris partridges, and the junglefowl gallus gallus were also included. separate analysis of the 200 phylogenetically informative cytochrome b characters and the 25 in ... | 1998 | 9562983 |
| spontaneous transdifferentiation of quail pigmented epithelial cell is accompanied by a mutation in the mitf gene. | an ectopic neural retina is formed at the outer layer of the retina in the silver homozygote (b/b) of the japanese quail. in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cells in the outer layer of retina first expressed a pigment-cell-specific gene, mmp115, and then began to express a neural marker in b/b embryos, indicating that the ectopic neural retina is formed via transdifferentiation of differentiated pigmented epithelial cells (pecs). an in vitro study revealed that ... | 1998 | 9576828 |