| lipopolysaccharide induces cd25-positive, il-10-producing lymphocytes without secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the human colon: low md-2 mrna expression in colonic macrophages. | despite the huge number of colonized gram-negative bacteria in the colon, the normal colon maintains its homeostasis without any excessive immune response. to investigate the potential mechanisms involved, human colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (lpmcs) obtained from uninflamed mucosa were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (lps) prepared from bacteroides vulgatus (bv-lps) or bacteroides fragilis (bf-lps), as representatives of indigenous flora, or pathogenic salmonella minnesota (sm-lps). ... | 2004 | 14997033 |
| a 'minimum dose' of lipopolysaccharide required for implantation failure: assessment of its effect on the maternal reproductive organs and interleukin-1alpha expression in the mouse. | genital tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria induce abortion and are one of the most common complications of human pregnancy. this study was carried out to decipher the mechanism of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced pregnancy loss, using a mouse (park strain) model. since many of the biological effects of lps are mediated by interleukin (il)-1alpha, the role of il-1alpha in lps-induced pregnancy loss was studied. pregnant female animals were injected intra-per ... | 2004 | 15232066 |
| taking a toll on human disease: toll-like receptor 4 agonists as vaccine adjuvants and monotherapeutic agents. | toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists are being developed for use as vaccine adjuvants and as stand-alone immunomodulators because of their ability to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. among the most thoroughly studied tlr agonists are the lipid a molecules that target the tlr4 complex. one promising candidate, monophosphoryl lipid a, which is a derivative of lipid a from salmonella minnesota, has proven to be safe and effective as a vaccine adjuvant in > 120,000 human doses. a new cla ... | 2004 | 15268679 |
| flow cytometric analysis of crayfish haemocytes activated by lipopolysaccharides. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) from gram-negative bacteria are strong stimulators of white river crayfish, procambarus zonangulus, haemocytes in vitro. following haemocyte treatment with lps and with lps from rough mutant r5 (lps rc) from salmonella minnesota, flow cytometric analysis revealed a conspicuous and reproducible decrease in cell size as compared to control haemocytes. these lps molecules also caused a reduction in haemocyte viability as assessed by flow cytometry with the fluorescent dyes ... | 2004 | 15276602 |
| the antifouling and fouling-release performance of hyperbranched fluoropolymer (hbfp)-poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) composite coatings evaluated by adsorption of biomacromolecules and the green fouling alga ulva. | cross-linked hyperbranched fluoropolymer (hbfp) and poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) amphiphilic networks with peg weight percentages of 14% (hbfp-peg14), 29% (hbfp-peg29), 45% (hbfp-peg45), and 55% (hbfp-peg55) were prepared on 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (3-aps) functionalized microscope glass slides for marine antifouling and fouling-release applications. the surface-free energies (gamma(s)), polar (gamma(s)(p) and gamma(s)(ab)), and dispersion (gamma(s)(d) and gamma(s)(lw)) components were eval ... | 2005 | 15779983 |
| monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) promotes allergen-induced immune deviation in favour of th1 responses. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is a nontoxic derivative of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r595. mpl has been used as an adjuvant in grass and tree pollen vaccines for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. little is known about the influence of mpl on cellular responses to allergens in man. we therefore studied the effects of mpl in vitro on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from patients with grass pollen hay fever. | 2005 | 15813815 |
| enhanced toxicity for mice of 6-mercaptopurine with bacterial endotoxin. | the toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine was potentiated by 2 mg of either escherichia coli 026:b6 b endotoxin or salmonella typhosa 0901 w endotoxin per kg. nonlethal doses of heat-killed, gram-negative bacteria were also capable of potentiating the lethality of 6-mercaptopurine (6-mp). salmonella minnesota s, the wild-type strain, and s. minnesota re 595, a mutant containing only the lipid a and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate moiety of the endotoxin molecule, exhibited the same capability to enhance the toxic ... | 1974 | 15825398 |
| parkinson's disease risk factors: genetic, environmental, or both? | perhaps one of the most important questions posed by the neurobiology of aging concerns the pathogenic mechanisms in parkinson's disease (pd). recently, it was suggested that exposure to pesticides could be the main cause of pd. another study reported that the environmental endotoxin, lipopolysaccaride produced by salmonella minnesota, might be a risk factor for pd. an alternative explanation is the genetic component, which has been suggested to be an important risk factor. epidemiological studi ... | 2005 | 15829184 |
| association of signr1 with tlr4-md-2 enhances signal transduction by recognition of lps in gram-negative bacteria. | signr1, a member of a new family of mouse c-type lectins, is expressed at high levels in macrophages (mphi) within the splenic marginal zone, lymph node medulla, and in some strains, in peritoneal cavity. we previously reported that signr1 captures gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium, as well as candida albicans. we have now investigated the precise ligands and innate responses that involve signr1. the interaction of signr1 with fitc-dextran and e. coli wa ... | 2005 | 15908446 |
| interaction of sp-a (surfactant protein a) with bacterial rough lipopolysaccharide (re-lps), and effects of sp-a on the binding of re-lps to cd14 and lps-binding protein. | sp-a (surfactant protein a) is a lipid-binding collectin primarily involved in innate lung immunity. sp-a interacts with the bacterial rough lps (lipopolysaccharide) re-lps (re595 mutant of lps from salmonella minnesota), but not with smooth lps. in the present study, we first examined the characteristics of the interaction of human sp-a with re-lps. fluorescence intensity and anisotropy measurements of fitc-labelled re-lps in the presence and absence of sp-a indicated that sp-a bound to re-lps ... | 2005 | 15932345 |
| expression and function of toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils. | the heterophil is the major polymorphonuclear cell in birds with a functional capacity akin to that of the mammalian neutrophil. herein, we demonstrate that heterophils constitutively express tlr1/6/10, tlr2 type 1, tlr2 type 2, tlr3, tlr4, tlr5, and tlr7 mrna. furthermore, tlr agonists, including flagellin (from salmonella typhimurium, fgn), peptidoglycan (from staphylococcus aureus, pgn), ultra-pure lipopolysaccharide (from salmonella minnesota, lps), the synthetic double stranded rna analog [ ... | 2005 | 15936435 |
| divalent cations affect chain mobility and aggregate structure of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota reflected in a decrease of its biological activity. | the physicochemical properties and biological activities of rough mutant lipopolysaccharides re (lps re) as preformed divalent cation (mg2+, ca2+, ba2+) salt form or as natural or triethylamine (ten+)-salt form under the influence of externally added divalent cations were investigated using complementary methods: differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (ft-ir) measurements for the beta <--> alpha gel to liquid crystalline phase behaviour of the acyl c ... | 2005 | 16137644 |
| lipopolysaccharide binding protein/cd14/ tlr4-dependent recognition of salmonella lps induces the functional activation of chicken heterophils and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression in these cells. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the major pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and, in mammals, is recognized by the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in conjunction with the serum protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp), and the cd14 co-receptor. we have found that chicken heterophils constitutively express multiple tlrs including tlr4. interestingly, ultrapure lps from salmonella minnesota directly induced the functional activation of he ... | 2005 | 16335810 |
| induction of immune responses against glycosphingolipid antigens: comparison of antibody responses in mice immunized with antigen associated with liposomes prepared from various phospholipids. | the immune responses of mice against glycosphingolipid (gsl) antigens and the effect of the phospholipid composition of liposomes on the immunogenicity in mice of liposome-associated gsl antigens were examined. the immunization with gsl antigen alone was unable to induce any detectable anti-gsl antibody responses. on the other hand, the immune responses against gsl antigens were detected after immunization with liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) (0.5 micromol), cholester ... | 2005 | 16397376 |
| effect of salmonella minnesota r595 lps on the dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (dppe)-dipalmitoylglycerol (dpg)-water model membrane system. | the effect of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide (lps) on model membrane consisting of a mixture of fully hydrated lipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dppe) and dipalmitoylglycerol (dpg)) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) and freeze-fracture methods. the dppe-dpg/water system forms a multilamellar arrangement in the gel phase which transforms into a mixture of inverted hexagonal and cubic structures. by the presenc ... | 2006 | 16451797 |
| non-bilayer formation in the dppe-dppg vesicle system induced by deep rough mutant of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide. | the vesicle system consisting of 80 mol% dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dppe) and 20 mol% dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (dppg) undergoes to structural changes caused by various concentrations of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide (lps). the phenomenon was investigated by methods applying small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (saxs and waxs), calorimetry (dsc) and freeze-fracture. in the low lps concentration regime (investigated at 0.02 lps/dppe-dppg molar ratio) a phase separ ... | 2006 | 16520024 |
| antigenic competition between and endotoxic adjuvant and a protein antigen. | antigenic competition between bovine gamma globulin (bgg) and endotoxin from a smooth strain (s-et) and a rough (r-et) heptoseless mutant strain of salmonella minnesota was studied in mice. both endotoxins acted as adjuvants for enhancing the antibody response to bgg. however, other work showed that the r-et had minimal antigenicity, and it was used as a control for the competition studies. antigenic competition between bgg and endotoxin as expressed by a suppression of the antibody response to ... | 1971 | 16557970 |
| determination of lipid a and endotoxin in serum by mass spectroscopy. | a quantitative technique for determining lipid a content of endotoxin added to serum by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. this technique uses detection of the beta-hydroxymyristic acid content of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide by selected ion monitoring at atomic mass unit of 315.4 the fatty acids produced on hydrolysis of serum containing lipopolysaccharide were extracted and the methyl esters were made. silica gel chromatography was used to separate meth ... | 1978 | 16592555 |
| toll-like receptor 4-induced cytokine production circumvents protection conferred by tgf-beta in coxsackievirus-mediated autoimmune myocarditis. | coxsackie b virus (cbv) infections are a leading cause of autoimmune myocarditis associated with inflammatory heart disease and sudden death in young adults. previously, we demonstrated that transgenic expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), specifically in the pancreas protected otherwise susceptible mice from cbv-mediated autoimmune myocarditis. herein, we demonstrate that macrophages from these transgenic mice fail to upregulate the costimulat ... | 2006 | 16963319 |
| tlr4 agonists as immunomodulatory agents. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is a potent vaccine adjuvant derived from salmonella minnesota that was recently licensed in europe as a component of an improved vaccine for hepatitis b (fendrix). mpl, like lipopolysaccharide from which it is derived, signals via the tlr4/md-2 complex. we have produced a series of synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) agonists that are based upon the structure of the major hexa-acylated congener contained within mpl. these tlr4 agonists, termed the aminoalkyl gluco ... | 2006 | 17059695 |
| ce to monitor endotoxins by protein complexation. | a new ce method for fast and efficient analysis of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) is described. it is based on the strong interaction between proteins and endotoxins. the uv absorption of the protein component in the complex is used for the detection. the electrophoretic mobility of the complex hemoglobin/endotoxin can be employed for qualitative analysis of the endotoxin. for instance, the structural differences between "smooth" and "rough" lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnes ... | 2006 | 17075946 |
| endotoxin detection in a competitive electrochemical assay: synthesis of a suitable endotoxin conjugate. | a biotin-lipopolysaccharide (biotin-lps) conjugate was synthesized from lps smooth from salmonella minnesota, yielding a conjugate with a biotin/lps ratio equal to 1:1 and endotoxic activity of 0.08 eu ng(-1). the conjugate was used in an amperometric competitive assay to determine endotoxins with endotoxin-neutralizing protein (enp) as the recognition element. the assay is performed on a modified electrode, involving the covalent binding of carboxymethyl dextran (cmdex) to a cystamine-modified ... | 2007 | 17223065 |
| monophosphoryl lipid a analogues with varying 3-o-substitution: synthesis and potent adjuvant activity. | structurally defined immunostimulatory adjuvants play important roles in the development of new generation vaccines. here described are the syntheses of three monophosphoryl lipid a analogues (1-3) with different substitution at 3-o-position of the reducing sugar and their potent immunostimulatory adjuvant activity. the syntheses involve the preparation of glycosylation acceptors benzyl 3,4-di-o-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-[(r)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanamido]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (16) and benzyl 3-o-a ... | 2007 | 17300769 |
| [interaction of chaotropically modified immunoglobulins with protein and glicolipid antigens]. | the features of interaction of native and chaotropically modified immunoglobulins with proteins (ovalbumin) and glicolipids (lipopolysaccharides, lps) enterobacteria escherichia coli k235, salmonella minnesota and salmonella enteritidis have been investigated. it has been established, that after processing of native antibodies with 3.5 m kscn their ability to contact to the specified antigenes repeatedly grows. besides the intensity of interaction of modified immunoglobulins with the mentioned a ... | 2006 | 17494322 |
| thrombocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide through toll-like receptor-4, and map kinase and nf-kappab pathways leading to expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 with production of prostaglandin e2. | chicken thrombocytes are equivalent in hemostatic function to mammalian platelets. platelets are enucleated components of mammalian blood, while thrombocytes are nucleated blood leukocytes of chickens. platelets and thrombocytes share characteristics that contribute to innate immunity. experiments were conducted to determine if thrombocytes could respond in vitro to lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota through toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4). the aim was to activate the signal pathways l ... | 2008 | 17825413 |
| afm studies of inhibition effect in binding of antimicrobial peptide and immune proteins. | by using atomic force microscopy (afm), we clearly show that the antimicrobial peptide affects the molecular interaction between lipopolysaccharide (lps) and immune proteins (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [lbp] and cd14). to reconstruct an in vivo interaction, lbp and lps (the ra, rc, and re forms from salmonella minnesota, with varying lengths of the saccharide region) were immobilized onto the afm tip using a chemical spacer linker. we examined the interaction between the proteins on the ... | 2007 | 17854214 |
| verification of elicitor efficacy of lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans on antibacterial peptide gene expression in bombyx mori. | we verified the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in activating the cecropin b gene (cecb) in an immune-competent bombyx mori cell line. strong activation of cecb by the lpss from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella minnesota were completely eliminated after digestion of the lpss with muramidase. the results clearly indicate that a polymer form of pgn in the lpss elicited cecb. an oligonucleotide microarray screen revealed that none of the 16,000 genes on the array were a ... | 2007 | 17967352 |
| vaccine adjuvants: the dream becomes real. | after about 70 years two new adjuvants have been approved for human vaccines. the first is mf59 developed by the ex-chiron now novartis vaccines and it consists in an oil-in-water emulsion, comprising a low content of biodegradable squalene oil (4.3%) as the dispersed phase, which is stabilized by two non-ionic surfactants (tween 80 and span 85), and a low ionic strength citrate buffer as the continuous phase. the second one, defined as as04, has been developed by gsk biologics and consists in 3 ... | 2008 | 18682690 |
| mesoscopic and microstructural characterization of liposomes formed by the lipooligosaccharide from salmonella minnesota strain 595 (re mutant). | large unilamellar liposomes formed by the re lps (from here below named los) from salmonella enterica serotype minnesota strain 595 (re mutant) have been prepared by the extrusion techniques. the physico-chemical investigation of these systems has been performed by a combined experimental strategy, which has allowed a characterization at different observation scales, from the morphological to the micro-structural level. particularly, dynamic light scattering (dls) measurements have revealed the ... | 2009 | 19305906 |
| inhibitory effect of galectin-3 on the cytokine-inducing activity of periodontopathic aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans endotoxin in splenocytes derived from mice. | galectins, a family of animal lectins, are involved not only in development and differentiation but also in immunoregulation and host-pathogen interactions. galectin-3 interacts with lipopolysaccharides in gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella minnesota and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the present study investigated whether galectin-3 inhibited the cytokine-inducing activity of periodontopathic bacterial lipopolysaccharides using splenocytes derived from mice of different ages. ... | 2009 | 19619243 |
| chemical synthesis and proinflammatory responses of monophosphoryl lipid a adjuvant candidates. | lipopolysaccharides (lps), which are structural components of the outer surface membrane of gram-negative bacteria, trigger innate immune responses through activation of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). such responses may be exploited for the development of adjuvants and in particular monophosphoryl lipid a (mpla) obtained by controlled hydrolysis of lps of salmonella minnesota, exhibits low toxicity yet possesses beneficial immuno-stimulatory properties. we have developed an efficient synthetic app ... | 2010 | 20228877 |
| the oligosaccharide of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide contains several epitopes that are recognized by human antibodies. | recently, we isolated human igg from normal human sera (nhs) using lipooligosaccharide (los) from gonococcal strain jw31r as an affinity ligand. we provided evidence that the oligosaccharide (os) moiety of los was immunogenic in humans and that nhs contains functional antibodies that bind to the branched os. the present study aimed to identify bactericidal antibodies that bind to partial core os structures or their adjacent sites expressed in the 3,4-branched and 2,3:3,4-dibranched neisserial lo ... | 2010 | 20479085 |
| synergistic effects between staphylococcal enterotoxin type b and monophosphoryl lipid a against mouse fibrosarcoma. | staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) is a potent inducer of cytotoxic t-cell activity, cytokine production and necrosis induction in vivo. monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is an adjuvant derived from the lipopolysaccharide of e. coli, salmonella minnesota re595 and other gram negative bacteria. we investigated the possibility of the therapeutic application of seb+ mpl in mice with fibrosarcoma. | 2010 | 20658733 |
| monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) as an adjuvant for anti-cancer vaccines: clinical results. | as technological advances allow for the identification of tumor-associated antigens (taas) against which adaptive immune responses can be raised, efforts to develop vaccines for the treatment of cancer continue to gain momentum. some of these vaccines target differentiation antigens that are expressed by tumors derived from one particular tissue (e. g., melan-a/ mart-1, tyrosinase, gp 100). some target antigens are specificallyexpressed in tumors of different types but not in normal tissues (e. ... | 2010 | 20665204 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cell surface receptors and cell activation of neutrophils and monocytes in whole human blood. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) activates neutrophils and monocytes, inducing a wide array of biological activities. lps rough (r) and smooth (s) forms signal through toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), but differ in their requirement for cd14. since the r-form lps can interact with tlr4 independent of cd14 and the differential expression of cd14 on neutrophils and monocytes, we used the s-form lps from salmonella abortus equi and the r-form lps from salmonella minnesota mutants to evaluate lps-induced activa ... | 2010 | 20721471 |
| lipopolysaccharide mobility in leaf tissue of arabidopsis thaliana. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are triggers of defence responses in plants, and induce local as well as systemic acquired resistance. arabidopsis thaliana plants pretreated with lps show an increased resistance to the virulent bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. to investigate the mobilization and transport of lps in arabidopsis leaves, fluorescently labelled lps (alexa fluor® 488 conjugate) from salmonella minnesota was used. leaves were pressure infiltrated wi ... | 2010 | 21029320 |
| geographical and temporal dissemination of salmonellae isolated from domestic animal hosts in the culiacan valley, mexico. | the prevalence and diversity of salmonellae from domestic animal hosts were investigated in the culiacan valley, mexico. a total of 240 farm animal feces (cows, chicken, and sheep) were evaluated for salmonella spp. presence from july 2008 to june 2009. salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains were isolated from 76 samples (31.7%), and 20 serotypes were identified being salmonella oranienburg (25%), salmonella give (14%), salmonella saintpaul (12%), and salmonella minnesota (11%) the most fre ... | 2011 | 21274525 |
| myd88-dependent ship1 regulates proinflammatory signaling pathways in dendritic cells after monophosphoryl lipid a stimulation of tlr4. | we previously showed that monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) activates tlr4 in dendritic cells (dcs) in a toll/il-1r domain-containing adaptor inducing ifn-ß (trif)-biased manner: mla produced from salmonella minnesota re595 induced signaling events and expression of gene products that were primarily trif dependent, whereas myd88-dependent signaling was impaired. moreover, when tested in trif-intact/myd88-deficient dcs, synthetic mla of the escherichia coli chemotype (smla) showed the same activity as ... | 2011 | 21339365 |
| monoclonal antibodies against glycosphingolipids (gsls)-gangliosides. | free gsl molecules are poorly immunogenic using conventional immunization procedures (1,2). although immunogenicity has been increased by immunizing with purified glycolipids coated onto the surface of salmonella minnesota organisms (3,4), this has not always been successful (5). theoretically, one can take advantage of gsls absorbed on silica as occurs in thin-layer chromatography (t. l. c.) separation (6), and then to use the silica-absorbed gsl spots scraped from the plate as immunogen. this ... | 1990 | 21374164 |
| dna immunization in combination with the immunostimulant monophosphoryl lipid a. | the use of the mpl® immunostimulant, a monophosphoryl lipid a preparation derived from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r595, began with the studies of johnson et al. (1). it was shown that lps was a potent adjuvant for protein antigens, even if administered at a different site and a different time than the antigen (2,3). nonetheless, the toxicity of the lps precluded its usefulness as a practical adjuvant. studies by ribi and co-workers (4-6) and others (7) resulted in the a ... | 2000 | 21374326 |
| cloning and expression of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase from oyster hepatopancreas†. | we have previously reported that oyster hepatopancreas contained three unusual α-ketoside hydrolases: (i) a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase (α-kdo-ase), (ii) a 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase and (iii) a bifunctional ketoside hydrolase capable of cleaving both the α-ketosides of kdn and neu5ac (kdn-sialidase). after completing the purification of kdn-sialidase, we proceeded to clone the gene encoding this enzyme. unexpectedly, we foun ... | 2015 | 26362869 |
| modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ... | 2017 | 28080049 |
| survey of innate immune responses to burkholderia pseudomallei in human blood identifies a central role for lipopolysaccharide. | b. pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the tropical infection melioidosis. in northeast thailand, mortality from melioidosis approaches 40%. as exemplified by the lipopolysaccharide-toll-like receptor 4 interaction, innate immune responses to invading bacteria are precipitated by activation of host pathogen recognition receptors by pathogen associated molecular patterns. human melioidosis is characterized by up-regulation of pathogen recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory c ... | 2013 | 24303060 |
| [effect of excretory-secretory products of clonorchis sinensis on nitric oxide production and nf-κb activation in raw264.7 mouse macrophages]. | to study the role of excretory-secretory products (esps) from clonorchis sinensis in the production of nitric oxide (no) and the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa b (nf-κb) in the macrophages of raw264.7 mouse. | 2015 | 26245117 |
| protective effect of cactus cladode extracts on peroxisomal functions in microglial bv-2 cells activated by different lipopolysaccharides. | in this study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of opuntia ficus-indica cactus cladode extracts in microglia bv-2 cells. inflammation associated with microglia activation in neuronal injury can be achieved by lps exposure. using four different structurally and biologically well-characterized lps serotypes, we revealed a structure-related differential effect of lps on fatty acid β-oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in peroxisomes: escherichia coli-lps decreased ... | 2017 | 28067864 |
| biased signalling is an essential feature of tlr4 in glioma cells. | a distinct feature of the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is its ability to trigger both myd88-dependent and myd88-independent signalling, culminating in activation of pro-inflammatory nf-κb and/or the antiviral irf3. although tlr4 agonists (lipopolysaccharides; lpss) derived from different bacterial species have different endotoxic activity, the impact of lps chemotype on the downstream signalling is not fully understood. notably, different tlr4 agonists exhibit anti-tumoural activity in animal mod ... | 2016 | 27669113 |
| adsorption of toll-like receptor 4 agonist to alum-based tetanus toxoid vaccine dampens pro-t helper 2 activities and enhances antibody responses. | aluminum salts gels (alum) are tlr-independent adjuvants and have been used to boost antibody responses in alum-based vaccines such as diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxoid (dpt) triple vaccine. however, the pro-th2 activity of alum-based vaccine formulations has not been fully appreciated. here we found that alum-based tetanus toxoid (tt) vaccine was biased toward a th-2 profile as shown by tt-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, type 2 cytokine production, and high levels of ige anaph ... | 2015 | 26380316 |
| lipopolysaccharide aggregates in native agarose gels detected by reversible negative staining with imidazole and zinc salts. | we investigated the use of imidazole and zinc salts for the detection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) aggregates separated by native agarose gel electrophoresis (nage). as a result, a new staining procedure was established by which as little as 1.5 μg of escherichia coli o55:b5 lps aggregates was detected by means of inducing a clear, transparent pattern, contrasted against an opaque background. e. coli o55:b5 lps preparations treated with nucleases and proteinase k proved that the reverse-stained l ... | 2015 | 26095395 |
| mucosal and systemic immune responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85a following its co-delivery with cpg, mpla or ltb to the lungs in mice. | pulmonary vaccination is a promising route for immunization against tuberculosis because the lung is the natural site of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. yet, adjuvants with a suitable safety profile need to be found to enhance mucosal immunity to recombinant antigens. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity, the safety and the protective efficacy of a subunit vaccine composed of the immunodominant mycolyl-transferase antigen 85a (ag85a) and one of three powerful mucos ... | 2013 | 23675482 |
| human platelets can discriminate between various bacterial lps isoforms via tlr4 signaling and differential cytokine secretion. | platelets are currently acknowledged as cells of innate immunity and inflammation and play a complex role in sepsis. we examined whether different types of lps have different effects on the release of soluble signaling/effective molecules from platelets. we used platelet-rich plasma from healthy volunteers and lps from two strains of gram-negative bacteria with disparate lps structures. we combined lps-stimulated platelet supernatants with reporter cells and measured the pbmc cytokine secretion ... | 2012 | 23108090 |
| trial watch: fda-approved toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have first been characterized for their capacity to detect conserved microbial components like lipopolysaccharide (lps) and double-stranded rna, resulting in the elicitation of potent (innate) immune responses against invading pathogens. more recently, tlrs have also been shown to promote the activation of the cognate immune system against cancer cells. today, only three tlr agonists are approved by fda for use in humans: the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), monophospho ... | 2012 | 23162757 |
| antibacterial soybean-oil-based cationic polyurethane coatings prepared from different amino polyols. | antibacterial soybean-oil-based cationic polyurethane (pu) coatings have been successfully prepared from five different amino polyols. the structure and hydroxyl functionality of these amino polyols affects the particle morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties of the resulting coatings. an increase in the hydroxyl functionality of the amino polyols increases the cross-link density, resulting in an increased glass transition temperature and improved mecha ... | 2012 | 22997044 |
| trial watch: toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (lps) and double-stranded rna. more recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic tlr agonists. in spite of such an intense wa ... | 2013 | 24083080 |
| draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant cmy-2-producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar minnesota st3088 isolated from chicken meat. | | 2017 | 28017672 |
| a temporal study of salmonella enterica serotypes from broiler farms in brazil. | the present study analyzes the characteristics of salmonella spp. from broiler chicken farms in brazil. in total, 82 salmonella spp. strains were characterized by serotyping, determining susceptibility to antimicrobials, and using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). fifteen salmonella serotypes were identified, among which minnesota (40.24%), infantis (14.63%), heidelberg (7.31%), senftenberg (6.09%), and mbandaka (6.09%) were the most frequent. salmonella minnesota occurred mostly in the s ... | 2015 | 25595481 |
| prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella spp. strains, isolated from beef in greater tunis (tunisia). | the aim of this work was to investigate the presence of salmonella spp. in 300 beef meat samples collected from cattle carcasses of different categories (young bulls, culled heifers and culled cows). the detection of salmonella spp. was performed by the alternative vidas easy salmonella technique and confirmed by pcr using salmonella specific primers. salmonella serotypes were determined by slide agglutination tests. the resistance to 12 antibiotics was determined by the diffusion method on muel ... | 2016 | 27183540 |
| transcriptome profile of the chicken thrombocyte: new implications as an advanced immune effector cell. | thrombocytes are nucleated platelets involved in immune functions such as pathogen recognition and release of pro-inflammatory bioactive compounds when exposed to bacterial and viral molecules. however, the complete role of these cells in innate and adaptive immune responses is not understood, and little is known about their biology at the molecular-genetic level. highly sensitive rna-sequencing technologies were used to analyze the complete transcriptome of thrombocytes for the first time with ... | 2016 | 27711235 |
| effects of lipopolysaccharide and interleukins on the expression of avian β-defensins in hen ovarian follicular tissue. | the aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which expression of avian β-defensins (avbd) in the follicular theca tissue was regulated. it was examined whether their expression was stimulated directly by lps or indirectly through proinflammatory cytokines (il-1β and il-6) induced by lps. theca tissues of ovarian follicles were collected from white leghorn hens. the specimens of those theca tissues were cultured in tcm-199 culture medium and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide from salmon ... | 2012 | 23091146 |
| micromethods for isolation and structural characterization of lipid a, and polysaccharide regions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are major components of the external membrane of most gram-negative bacteria, providing them with an effective permeability barrier. they are essentially composed of a hydrophilic polysaccharide region (ps) linked to a hydrophobic one, termed lipid a. the lps polysaccharide moiety is divided into the core oligosaccharide (os) and o-chain repetitive elements. depending on their individual variable fine structures, lps may be potent immunomodulators. the lipid a structure ... | 2017 | 28478567 |
| development and characterisation of a novel nf-κb reporter cell line for investigation of neuroinflammation. | aberrant activation of the transcription factor nf-κb, as well as uncontrolled inflammation, has been linked to autoimmune diseases, development and progression of cancer, and neurological disorders like alzheimer's disease. reporter cell lines are a valuable state-of-the art tool for comparative analysis of in vitro drug screening. however, a reporter cell line for the investigation of nf-κb-driven neuroinflammation has not been available. thus, we developed a stable neural nf-κb-reporter cell ... | 2017 | 28790798 |
| purification and functional characterization of lectin with phenoloxidase activity from the hemolymph of cockroach, periplaneta americana. | lectins also identified as hemagglutinins are multivalent proteins and on account of their fine sugar-binding specificity play an important role in immune system of invertebrates. the present study was carried out on the hemolymph lectin of cockroach, periplaneta americana with appropriate screening and purification to understand its molecular as well as functional nature. the lectin from the hemolymph was purified using ion-exchange chromatography. the approximate molecular weight of purified l ... | 2017 | 28557066 |
| human alkaline phosphatase dephosphorylates microbial products and is elevated in preterm neonates with a history of late-onset sepsis. | a host defense function for alkaline phosphatases (alps) is suggested by the contribution of intestinal alp to detoxifying bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in animal models in vivo and the elevation of alp activity following treatment of human cells with inflammatory stimuli in vitro. however the activity of alp in human plasma (primarily tissue-nonspecific alp; tnap) on lipopolysaccharide and other microbial products has not been assessed, nor has its expression been studied in preterm ... | 2017 | 28448526 |
| cd11a and cd49d enhance the detection of antigen-specific t cells following human vaccination. | determining the efficacy of human vaccines that induce antigen-specific protective cd4 t cell responses against pathogens can be particularly challenging to evaluate. surface expression of cd11a and cd49d has been shown to identify antigen-specific cd4 t cells against viral pathogens in mice. we hypothesized that cd11a and cd49d would also serve as markers of human antigen-specific t cells responding to vaccination. | 2017 | 28662951 |
| [effects of different toll-like receptor agonists on the function of t helper cells in mice]. | to investigate the secretion of il-12p40 and il-6 by splenocytes, dendritic cells stimulated by different toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists or in the sera of mice immunized with different tlr agonists, and evaluate the effects of different tlr agonists on the function of t helper (th) cells, especially the differentiation of th1 cells. | 2015 | 26522348 |
| protection from endotoxic uveitis by intravitreal resolvin d1: involvement of lymphocytes, mirnas, ubiquitin-proteasome, and m1/m2 macrophages. | this study investigated the protective effects of intravitreal resolvin d1 (rvd1) against lps-induced rat endotoxic uveitis (eiu). rvd1 was administered into the right eye at a single injection of 5 μl volume containing 10-100-1000 ng/kg rvd1 1 h post-lps injection (200 μg, salmonella minnesota) into thefootpad of sprague-dawley rats. 24 h later, the eye was enucleated and examined for clinical, biochemical, and immunohistochemical evaluations. rvd1 significantly and dose-dependently decreased t ... | 2015 | 25684860 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of salmonella spp. in a river in a tropical environment in mexico. | the capability of salmonella to survive outside a host is especially relevant in tropical regions, where the environmental conditions could be more suitable for its long-term persistence. this study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of salmonellae within rivers of the culiacan valley in the northwestern region of mexico. from july 2008 to june 2009, a total of 138 water samples were evaluated for the presence of salmonella spp.; additionally, its association with environmental pa ... | 2014 | 25473997 |
| selective trif-dependent signaling by a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonist. | in response to ligand binding to the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) and myeloid differentiation-2 (md-2) receptor complex, two major signaling pathways are activated that involve different adaptor proteins. one pathway depends on myeloid differentiation marker 88 (myd88), which elicits proinflammatory responses, whereas the other depends on toll-il-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (trif), which elicits type i interferon production. here, we showed that the tlr4 agoni ... | 2012 | 22337809 |