| interactions between environmental stressors: the influence of salinity on host-parasite interactions between daphnia magna and pasteuria ramosa. | interactions between environmental stressors play an important role in shaping the health of an organism. this is particularly true in terms of the prevalence and severity of infectious disease, as stressors in combination will not always act to simply decrease the immune function of a host, but may instead interact to compound or even oppose the influence of parasitism on the health of an organism. here, we explore the impact of environmental stress on host-parasite interactions using the water ... | 2013 | 23001624 |
| daphnia magna shows reduced infection upon secondary exposure to a pathogen. | previous pathogen exposure is an important predictor of the probability of becoming infected. this is deeply understood for vertebrate hosts, and increasingly so for invertebrate hosts. here, we test if an initial pathogen exposure changes the infection outcome to a secondary pathogen exposure in the natural host-pathogen system daphnia magna and pasteuria ramosa. hosts were initially exposed to an infective pathogen strain, a non-infective pathogen strain or a control. the same hosts underwent ... | 2012 | 22875818 |
| fecundity compensation and tolerance to a sterilizing pathogen in daphnia. | hosts are armed with several lines of defence in the battle against parasites: they may prevent the establishment of infection, reduce parasite growth once infected or persevere through mechanisms that reduce the damage caused by infection, called tolerance. studies on tolerance in animals have focused on mortality, and sterility tolerance has not been investigated experimentally. here, we tested for genetic variation in the multiple steps of defence when the invertebrate daphnia magna is infect ... | 2012 | 22856460 |
| disentangling the influence of parasite genotype, host genotype and maternal environment on different stages of bacterial infection in daphnia magna. | individuals naturally vary in the severity of infectious disease when exposed to a parasite. dissecting this variation into genetic and environmental components can reveal whether or not this variation depends on the host genotype, parasite genotype or a range of environmental conditions. complicating this task, however, is that the symptoms of disease result from the combined effect of a series of events, from the initial encounter between a host and parasite, through to the activation of the h ... | 2012 | 22593109 |
| dose effects and density-dependent regulation of two microparasites of daphnia magna. | individual hosts constitute a limited resource for parasites, suggesting that density-dependent effects may play a role in within-host growth and parasite regulation. this hypothesis has been tested for several helminth parasites, but not for microparasites. we therefore examined dose-response patterns for the microparasitic bacterium pasteuria ramosa and the fungus metschnikowiella biscuspidata infecting the planktonic crustacean daphnia magna. with increasing numbers of transmission stages adm ... | 2000 | 28308373 |
| acute toxicity reduction and toxicity identification in pigment-contaminated wastewater during anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (a/a/o) treatment process. | in china, a considerable part of industrial wastewater effluents are discharged into the municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) after pretreatment in their own wastewater treatment plants. even though the industrial effluents meet the professional emission standards, many micro-pollutants still remained, and they could be resistant in the municipal wwtps with conventional activated sludge process. pigment wastewater was chosen in this study, and the acute toxicity reduction and identifica ... | 2017 | 27919537 |
| oxidative degradation of triclosan by potassium permanganate: kinetics, degradation products, reaction mechanism, and toxicity evaluation. | in this study, we systematically investigated the potential applicability of potassium permanganate for removal of triclosan (tcs) in water treatment. a series of kinetic experiments were carried out to study the influence of various factors, including the ph, oxidant doses, temperature, and presence of typical anions (cl(-), so4(2-), no3(-)), humic acid (ha), and fulvic acid (fa) on triclosan removal. the optimal reaction conditions were: ph = 8.0, [tcs]0:[kmno4]0 = 1:2.5, and t = 25 °c, where ... | 2016 | 27459151 |
| joint toxicity of two phthalates with waterborne copper to daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum. | di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (dehp) are two widely used phthalates, while cu(ii) is a common valence state of copper. they have been ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment, but information on their joint toxicity to aquatic organisms is scarce. in this study, we evaluated the combined effects of copper and these two phthalates to daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum by quantifying the acute toxicity expressed by the ec50 (the concentration causing 50 ... | 2016 | 27385371 |
| rapid removal of tetrabromobisphenol a by ozonation in water: oxidation products, reaction pathways and toxicity assessment. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants and has attracted more and more attention. in this work, the parent tbbpa with an initial concentration of 100 mg/l was completely removed after 6 min of ozonation at ph 8.0, and alkaline conditions favored a more rapid removal than acidic and neutral conditions. the presence of typical anions and humic acid did not significantly affect the degradation of tbbpa. the quenching test using isopropanol indicated ... | 2015 | 26430733 |
| acute toxicity of benzophenone-type uv filters for photobacterium phosphoreum and daphnia magna: qsar analysis, interspecies relationship and integrated assessment. | the hazardous potential of benzophenone (bp)-type uv filters is becoming an issue of great concern due to the wide application of these compounds in many personal care products. in the present study, the toxicities of bps to photobacterium phosphoreum and daphnia magna were determined. next, density functional theory (dft) and comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) descriptors were used to obtain more detailed insight into the structure - activity relationships and to preliminarily discuss ... | 2015 | 25950412 |
| reduction in toxicity of coking wastewater to aquatic organisms by vertical tubular biological reactor. | we conducted a battery of toxicity tests using photo bacterium, algae, crustacean and fish to evaluate acute toxicity profile of coking wastewater, and to evaluate the performance of a novel wastewater treatment process, vertical tubular biological reactor (vtbr), in the removal of toxicity and certain chemical pollutants. a laboratory scale vtbr system was set up to treat industrial coking wastewater, and investigated both chemicals removal efficiency and acute bio-toxicity to aquatic organisms ... | 2015 | 25706086 |
| the toxicity of cadmium to three aquatic organisms (photobacterium phosphoreum, daphnia magna and carassius auratus) under different ph levels. | this study investigated the effect of ph on cadmium toxicity to three aquatic organisms: photobacterium phosphoreum, daphnia magna and carassius auratus. the acute toxicity of cd(2+) to p. phosphoreum and d. magna at five ph values (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0) was assessed by calculating ec50 values. we determined that cd(2+) was least toxic under acidic conditions, and d. magna was more sensitive to the toxicity of cd than p. phosphoreum. to evaluate cd(2+)-induced hepatic oxidative stress in ... | 2013 | 23769002 |
| evaluation of an eventual ecotoxicity induced by textile effluents using a battery of biotests. | textile industry is considered as one of the important factors of the economic growth in tunisia. however, this prominent role has certainly some drawbacks mainly represented by the huge amounts of textile wastewaters generated that become a real menace to nature. many previous studies showed the purifying potential of some activated sludge and bacteria (pseudomonas putida) to decolourize textile effluents. however, in many cases, decolourization of wastewaters is not necessary associated with d ... | 2015 | 26087930 |
| integrated environmental risk assessment of chemical pollution in a mediterranean floodplain by combining chemical and biological methods. | the tablas de daimiel national park (tdnp) is a unique floodplain ecosystem in central spain, serving as permanent resting and breeding areas for many waterbird species. in the last decades, this biodiversity hotspot has been severely endangered by poorly treated wastewater discharges from upstream urban communities arriving through its two major contributors, the cigüela and guadiana rivers. in this work, we analysed the potential risk of this constant input of micropollutants (estrogens, dioxi ... | 2017 | 28119008 |
| a new biological test of water toxicity-yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae conductometric test. | this new biological test of water toxicity is based on monitoring of specific conductivity changes of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae suspension as a result of yeast fermentation activity inhibition in toxic conditions. the test was verified on ten substances with various mechanisms of toxic effect and the results were compared with two standard toxicity tests based on daphnia magna mobility inhibition (en iso 6341) and vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition (en iso 11348-2) and with the resu ... | 2014 | 25461558 |
| suitability of a saccharomyces cerevisiae-based assay to assess the toxicity of pyrimethanil sprayed soils via surface runoff: comparison with standard aquatic and soil toxicity assays. | the present study is aimed at evaluating whether a gene expression assay with the microbial eukaryotic model saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a suitable warning tool for the rapid preliminary screening of potential toxic effects on organisms due to scenarios of soil and water contamination with pyrimethanil. the assay consisted of measuring changes in the expression of the selected pyrimethanil-responsive genes arg3 and arg5,6 in a standardized yeast population. evaluation was held by a ... | 2015 | 25461018 |
| degradation and toxicity assessment of the nonionic surfactant triton™ x-45 by the peroxymonosulfate/uv-c process. | the degradation and mineralization of the nonionic surfactant octylphenol ethoxylate (opeo), commercially known as triton™ x-45, by the peroxymonosulfate (pms)/uv-c process were investigated. three different toxicity tests (daphnia magna, vibrio fischeri and pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) as well as the yeast estrogen screen (yes) bioassay were undertaken to evaluate the potential toxic and estrogenic effects of opeo and its oxidation products. opeo removal was very fast and complete after 7 m ... | 2015 | 25371356 |
| efficiency of advanced oxidation processes in lowering bisphenol a toxicity and oestrogenic activity in aqueous samples. | bisphenol a (bpa) is a well-known endocrine disruptor with adverse oestrogen-like effects eliciting adverse effects in humans and wildlife. for this reason it is necessary to set up an efficient removal of bpa from wastewaters, before they are discharged into surface waters. the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of bpa removal from aqueous samples with photolytic, photocatalytic, and uv/h₂o₂ oxidation. bpa solutions were illuminated with different bulbs (halogen; 17 w uv, 254 nm; a ... | 2014 | 24622779 |
| fighting parasites and predators: how to deal with multiple threats? | although inducible defences have been studied extensively, only little is known about how the presence of parasites might interfere with these anti-predator adaptations. both parasites and predators are important factors shaping community structure and species composition of ecosystems. here, we simultaneously exposed daphnia magna to predator cues (released by the tadpole shrimp, triops, or by a fish) and spores of the yeast parasite metschnikowia sp. to determine how life history and morpholog ... | 2012 | 22827857 |
| growth response of avena sativa in amino-acids-rich soils converted from phenol-contaminated soils by corynebacterium glutamicum. | the biodegradation of phenol in laboratory-contaminated soil was investigated using the gram-positive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum. this study showed that the phenol degradation caused by c. glutamicum was greatly enhanced by the addition of 1% yeast extract. from the toxicity test using daphnia magna, the soil did not exhibit any hazardous effects after the phenol was removed using c. glutamicum. additionally, the treatment of the phenolcontaminated soils with c. glutamicum increas ... | 2012 | 22534303 |
| a new biological test utilising the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae for the rapid detection of toxic substances in water. | this study evaluates the toxic effects of five substances (atropine, fenitrothion, potassium cyanide, mercuric chloride and lead nitrate) on the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. it describes a new biological toxicity test based on inhibition of s. cerevisiae viability and compares it with two standard toxicity tests based on daphnia magna mobility inhibition (en iso 6341) and vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition (en iso 11348-2). the new biological test -s. cerevisiae lethal test - is cheap ... | 2012 | 22407169 |
| degradation and toxicity reduction of the endocrine disruptors nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-cumylphenol by the non-ligninolytic fungus umbelopsis isabellina. | nonylphenol (np), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-op) and 4-cumylphenol (4-cp) are pollutants that are known as endocrine disruptors mainly due to their estrogen-mimicking activity. these phenolic substances are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. in the present study, biodegradation of tnp, 4-t-op and 4-cp using the non-ligninolytic fungus umbelopsis isabellina was investigated. after 12h of incubation, more than 90% of initially applied tnp, 4-t-op and 4-cp (25mgl(-1)) were ... | 2016 | 26492175 |
| response of vibrio cholerae to low-temperature shifts: cspv regulation of type vi secretion, biofilm formation, and association with zooplankton. | the ability to sense and adapt to temperature fluctuation is critical to the aquatic survival, transmission, and infectivity of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. little information is available on the physiological changes that occur when v. cholerae experiences temperature shifts. the genome-wide transcriptional profile of v. cholerae upon a shift in human body temperature (37°c) to lower temperatures, 15°c and 25°c, which mimic those found in the aquatic environment, ... | 2016 | 27208110 |
| alarm signals in daphnia? | daphnia magna can respond to chemical cues from freshly crushed conspecifics with various behavioural reactions. a shift in vertical distribution towards the bottom, the formation of aggregations and direct escape responses can all be induced by water-borne signals released from crushed daphnia. the pattern and strength of the first two behavioural responses (i.e. the persistent tendency to occupy deeper strata in the experimental columns and to stay within patches) indicate that daphnia perceiv ... | 1997 | 28307368 |
| aquatic toxicity testing for multicomponent compounds with special reference to preparation of test solution. | an adequate method of determining the toxicity of a compound consisting of multiple components, such as creosote, coal tar, and coal tar pitch, was studied for different test solution preparation methods, i.e., direct dosing without filtration, diluting the stock solution of saturated concentration, and dispersing with acetone. killifish, oryzias latipes, as a freshwater fish; red sea bream, pagrus major, as a saltwater fish; and daphnia, daphnia magna, as a representative crustacean, were used ... | 1991 | 2060487 |
| the influence of light level on the functional response of a zooplanktonivorous fish. | light and vision are clearly of significance in foraging behaviour by underyearling common bream [abramis brama (l.)]. these fish are effective predators at 1.25 lux but they were also shown to be capable of taking prey, at a reduced rate, at a much lower light intensity (less than 5x10(-3) lux). in the latter case they may have been using sensory modes other than vision, perhaps involving tactile and/or olfactory stimuli.we investigated the influence of light level on the functional response of ... | 1982 | 28311729 |
| ecotoxicological effects of larvicide used in the control of aedes aegypti on nontarget organisms: redefining the use of pyriproxyfen. | the continued widespread use of larvicides in aedes aegypti control programs is still a necessary strategy, since there are no apparent efficient vaccines against arboviruses. however, chemical approaches may affect nontarget organisms and produce detrimental effects to environmental health. therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct toxicity testing for pyriproxyfen at different concentrations using daphnia magna and artemia salina as model organisms to evaluate the ecotoxicological parame ... | 2017 | 28095184 |
| ecotoxicity and environmental risk assessment of larvicides used in the control of aedes aegypti to daphnia magna (crustacea, cladocera). | dengue transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus aedes, species aegypti, is a major public health concern in brazil. the chemical control of the mosquito larvae has been performed with the larvicide temephos since 1967. however, vector resistance was reported to temephos in several brazilian states, and the ministry of health ordered the replacement of this larvicide by diflubenzuron (dfb), an inhibitor of chitin synthesis. both insecticides are diluted in water with larvae and are able to reach aq ... | 2014 | 24555645 |
| larvicidal activity of ajowan ( trachyspermum ammi ) and peru balsam ( myroxylon pereira ) oils and blends of their constituents against mosquito, aedes aegypti , acute toxicity on water flea, daphnia magna , and aqueous residue. | this study evaluated the larvicidal activity of 20 plant essential oils and components from ajowan ( trachyspermum ammi ) and peru balsam ( myroxylon pereira ) oils against the mosquito, aedes aegypti . of the 20 plant essential oils, ajowan and peru balsam oils at 0.1 mg/ml exhibited 100 and 97.5% larval mortality, respectively. at this same concentration, the individual constituents, (+)-camphene, benzoic acid, thymol, carvacrol, benzyl benzonate, and benzyl trans-cinnamate, caused 100% mortal ... | 2012 | 22620984 |
| larvicidal activity of myrtaceae essential oils and their components against aedes aegypti, acute toxicity on daphnia magna, and aqueous residue. | the larvicidal activity of 11 myrtaceae essential oils and their constituents was evaluated against aedes aegypti l. of the 11, melaleuca linariifolia sm., melaleuca dissitiflora f. muell., melaleuca quinquenervia (cav.) s. t. blake, and eucalyptus globulus labill oils at 0.1 mg/ml exhibited > or = 80% larval mortality. at this same concentration, the individual constituents tested, allyl isothiocyanate, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene, gamma-terpinene, and (e)-nerolidol, r ... | 2011 | 21485381 |
| phototaxis in aquatic invertebrates: possible use in ecotoxicity tests. | a series of experiments has been carried out aimed at (i) a deeper study of the phototaxis of some aquatic invertebrates and (ii) its possible use in ecotoxicity tests. for the first point the phototaxis of the nauplii of artemia salina was examined: through tests carried out under different conditions, it was observed that a marked complex response to light existed, which led to a subdivision between individuals with different phototactic response, mainly depending on the density of the nauplii ... | 1988 | 3229377 |
| laboratory evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of tephrosia vogelii against larvae of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) and non-target aquatic organisms. | mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence or incidence. however, vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. in this research, the leaf aqueous leachate of tephrosia vogelii was evaluated for its toxicity against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, aedes albopi ... | 2015 | 25771114 |
| mosquitocidal essential oils: are they safe against non-target aquatic organisms? | in latest years, the importance of the melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (eo) has been greatly empathised due to its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to its toxic properties towards many arthropods of great medical and veterinary importance. in this research, the eo extracted from aerial parts of m. alternifolia was evaluated for its toxicity against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), and towards adults of the water f ... | 2014 | 24146210 |
| effects of 4-nonylphenol, fish predation and food availability on survival and life history traits of daphnia magna straus. | this study aimed to investigate the compound effect of environmentally relevant 4-nonylphenol (np) concentrations and natural stressors-namely fish predation and food availability-on daphnia magna, which were exposed to four np concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 microg l(-1)) under optimum or low food concentrations (1.00 and 0.075 mg c l(-1), respectively) in water (un)conditioned by a fish predator (alburnus alburnus). a(n) "environmentally relevant" and "no observable effect" concentration (noec) ... | 2010 | 20191318 |
| mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity evaluation of biodegraded textile effluent by fungal ligninolytic enzymes. | colored effluents from the textile industry have led to severe environmental pollution, and this has emerged as a global issue. the feasibility of ligninolytic enzymes for the detoxification and degradation of textile wastewater was investigated. ganoderma lucidum crude ligninolytic enzymes extract (mnp 717.7, lip 576.3, and laccase 323.2 iu/ml) was produced using solid-state culture using wheat bran as substrate. the biodegradation treatment efficiency was evaluated on the basis of degradation ... | 2016 | 27191553 |
| ecotoxicological and genotoxic assessment of hospital laundry wastewaters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters generated from a regional hospital located in rio pardo valley in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. physicochemical, microbiological, ecotoxicological, and genotoxic analyses were performed, and the results indicate that some parameters were not in accordance with the limit concentrations established by brazilian and international guidelines for urban wastewaters. daphnia magna (ec50 ... | 2015 | 25135422 |
| mechanical and toxicological evaluation of concrete artifacts containing waste foundry sand. | the creation of metal parts via casting uses molds that are generally made from sand and phenolic resin. the waste generated after the casting process is called waste foundry sand (wfs). depending on the mold composition and the casting process, wfs can contain substances that prevent its direct emission to the environment. in brazil, this waste is classified according to the standard abnt nbr 10004:2004 as a waste class ii (non-inert). the recycling of this waste is limited because its characte ... | 2014 | 24582355 |
| the efficiency of combined cao/electrochemical treatment in removal of acid mine drainage induced toxicity and genotoxicity. | acid mine drainage (amd) is a by-product of the mining industry that has a detrimental effect on aquatic plant and animal life due to high load of heavy metals and sulfates. in the present study, the toxic and genotoxic potential of amd prior to and following combination of neutralization/electrocoagulation processes was evaluated using several bioassays and selected parameters. regardless of ph correction of amd prior to daphnia bioassay, high acute toxicity was observed in daphnia magna. the m ... | 2014 | 23895778 |
| evaluation of the toxic and genotoxic potential of acid mine drainage using physicochemical parameters and bioassays. | carboniferous activity generates acid mine drainage (amd) which is capable of unleashing toxic effects on the exposed biota. the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic potential of untreated-amd and amd treated with calcinated sediment, using physicochemical parameters and bioassays. results revealed that untreated-amd presented low ph values and elevated concentrations of the metals fe, al, mn, zn and cu. high acute toxicity was observed in artemia sp. and daphnia magna, and ... | 2013 | 23518284 |
| toxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters treated with photocatalytic ozonation. | the aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of advanced oxidative processes based on photocatalytic ozonation (o(3), uv, uv/o(3), uv/o(3)/fe(2+) 50 mg l(-1) and 150 mg l(-1)) in the treatment of hospital laundry wastewaters. the analysis of the investigated wastewater revealed high chemical oxygen demand (cod - 3343.8 mg l(-1)), biochemical oxygen demand (bod(5) - 1906.4 mg l(-1)), total kjeldahl nitrogen (tkn - 79.8 mg l(-1)) and daphnia magna toxicity (ec50=1.73). genotoxic effec ... | 2013 | 23220390 |
| biodegradability, toxicity and mutagenicity of detergents: integrated experimental evaluations. | the widespread use of detergents has raised concern with regard to the environmental pollution caused by their active ingredients, which are biorefractory, toxic and persistent. since detergents are complex mixtures of different substances, in which synergistic effects may occur, we aimed to assess the mutagenicity of different detergent formulations, taking into account aquatic toxicity and ready biodegradability. we performed a ready biodegradability test (oecd 301 f), daphnia magna and vibrio ... | 2012 | 22898309 |
| quality of water types in ukraine evaluated by watertox bioassays. | the quality of river, ground-, and tap water was analyzed using the basic set of watertox bioassays [daphnia (daphnia magna), hydra (hydra attenuata), and lettuce (lactuca sativa)] as well as two additional bioassays, onion (allium cepa) and microalga (selenastrum gracile). samples of these waters were also concentrated fivefold using a solid-phase procedure. the results of the daphnia and hydra bioassays showed that the winter and spring concentrated and nonconcentrated samples from the dnieper ... | 2002 | 12112633 |
| discarded cigarette butts attract females and kill the progeny of aedes albopictus. | discarded cigarette butts (dcb) waste occurs worldwide, pollutes landscapes, is unsightly, and results in added debris removal costs. there is, therefore, a great deal of current interest in making use of dcbs in beneficial ways. despite evidence that dcbs are harmful to water fleas (daphnia magna), which breed in aquatic environments as do mosquito larvae, their impact on dengue vectors is unknown. we examined whether aedes albopictus alters its ovipositional responses, larval eclosion, and dev ... | 2011 | 22017091 |
| environmental hazards of pesticides from pineapple crop production in the río jiménez watershed (caribbean coast, costa rica). | this study aimed to characterize environmental hazards of pesticides from pineapple production in riparian communities along the jiménez river watershed. to achieve our objectives riparian ecological quality indices on riparian habitat and macroinvertebrate assemblages were combined with toxicity assays, fish biomarkers, physico-chemical water analysis and pesticide environmental hazards. during two consecutive years and two periods (july and october), three reference and four impacted sites wer ... | 2012 | 23040047 |
| potential impact of low-concentration silver nanoparticles on predator-prey interactions between predatory dragonfly nymphs and daphnia magna as a prey. | this study investigated the potential impacts of low-concentration citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (citrate-nag; 2 μg l(-1) as total ag) on the interactions of daphnia magna straus (as a prey) with the predatory dragonfly ( anax junius : odonata) nymph using the behavioral, survival, and reproductive end points. four different toxicity bioassays were evaluated: (i) horizontal migration; (ii) vertical migration; (iii) 48 h survival; and (iv) 21 day reproduction; using four different treatment ... | 2012 | 22697289 |
| analysis of snail genes in the crustacean parhyale hawaiensis: insight into snail gene family evolution. | the transcriptional repressor snail was first discovered in drosophila melanogaster, where it initially plays a role in gastrulation and mesoderm formation, and later plays a role in neurogenesis. among arthropods, this role of snail appears to be conserved in the insects tribolium and anopheles gambiae, but not in the chelicerates cupiennius salei and achaearanea tepidariorum, the myriapod glomeris marginata, or the branchiopod crustacean daphnia magna. these data imply that within arthropoda, ... | 2012 | 22466422 |
| evaluating mosquito control pesticides for effect on target and nontarget organisms. | recent requirements for biomonitoring of urban stormwater runoff have raised the issue of toxic contributions from mosquito control products. a comparison of seven pesticides for their toxicity to target and nontarget organisms was conducted in field and laboratory trials to determine relative impacts in and around craighead county, arkansas. twenty-four and forty-eight-hour acute toxicity tests using ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, daphnia pulex, and pimephales promelas were employed with u. ... | 2000 | 10948282 |
| acute toxicity, bioactivity, and enantioselective behavior with tissue distribution in rabbits of myclobutanil enantiomers. | the enantioselective bioactivity against pathogens (cercospora arachidicola, fulvia fulva, and phytophthora infestans) and acute toxicity to daphnia magna of the fungicide myclobutanil enantiomers were studied. the (+)-enantiomer in an antimicrobial activity test was about 1.79-1.96 times more active than the (-)-enantiomer. in the toxicity assay, the calculated 24-h lc50 values of the (-)-form, rac-form and (+)-form were 16.88, 13.17, and 11.91 mg/l, and the 48-h lc50 values were 10.15, 9.24, a ... | 2014 | 25043148 |
| integrated analysis of the ecotoxicological and genotoxic effects of the antimicrobial peptide melittin on daphnia magna and pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. | melittin is a major constituent of the bee venom of apis mellifera with a broad spectrum of activities. melittin therapeutical potential is subject to its toxicity and the assessment of ecotoxicity and genotoxicity is of particular interest for therapeutic use. here we analyzed the biological effects of melittin on two aquatic species, which are representative of two different levels of the aquatic trophic chain: the invertebrate daphnia magna and the unicellular microalgae pseudokirchneriella s ... | 2015 | 25884346 |
| in situ toxicity and ecological risk assessment of agro-pesticide runoff in the madre de dios river in costa rica. | the river madre de dios (rmd) and its lagoon is a biodiversity rich watershed formed by a system of streams, rivers, channels, and a coastal lagoon communicating with the caribbean sea. this basin sustains a large area of agricultural activity (mostly banana, rice, and pineapple) with intensive use of pesticides, continually detected in water samples. we investigated in situ the toxicological effects caused by pesticide runoff from agriculture and the relation of pesticide concentrations with di ... | 2016 | 27757743 |
| physicochemical changes of few-layer graphene in peroxidase-catalyzed reactions: characterization and potential ecological effects. | the environmental implications of graphene have received much attention, however, little is known about how graphene affects or may be affected by the enzymatic reactions that are critically involved in natural organic matter transformation processes. we conducted experiments to examine the role of few-layer graphene (flg) in the reaction system of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) mediated by horseradish peroxidase (hrp). we found that tbbpa was transformed by hrp into two products that were likely ... | 2015 | 26086574 |
| copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from the cladoceran daphnia magna: molecular cloning and expression in response to different acute environmental stressors. | the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) is a representative antioxidant enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in aerobic organisms. cu/zn-sod mrnas have been cloned from many species and employed as useful biomarkers of oxidative stresses. in the present study, we cloned cu/zn-sod cdna from the cladoceran daphnia magna, analyzed its catalytic properties, and investigated mrna expression patterns after exposure to known oxidative stre ... | 2013 | 23815380 |
| cloning and expression analysis of a transformer gene in daphnia pulex during different reproduction stages. | the full-length cdna of a transformer gene (dptra) was cloned from the cladoceran daphnia pulex using race. dptra expression was assessed by qpcr and whole-mount in situ hybridization in different reproductive stages. the dptra cdna, 1652bp in length, has a 1158-bp open reading frame that encodes a 385 amino acid polypeptide containing one sex determination protein n terminal (sdp_n) superfamily, eight putative phosphorylation sites, and an arginine-serine (rs)-rich domain at the n-terminus. dpt ... | 2014 | 24725535 |
| characterization and processing of superoxide dismutase-fused vitellogenin in the diapause embryo formation: a special developmental pathway in the brine shrimp, artemia parthenogenetica. | to withstand environmental stress, artemia release diapause cysts via an oviparous pathway instead of producing swimming nauplius larvae by the ovoviviparous pathway. encased in such a cyst, the embryos at diapause can survive for many years. vitellogenin (vtg), the precursor of vitellins, the main yolk proteins, is crucial for embryonic development. this study compares vitellogenesis between oviparity and ovoviviparity, the two reproductive modes occurring in a. parthenogenetica. a vtg gene was ... | 2011 | 21415137 |
| changes in the ecological properties of organic wastes during their biological treatment. | organic wastes, such as the organic fractions of municipal solid waste (ofmsw) or sewage sludge (ss), have become a serious environmental problem in russia as well as in other countries. the use of these wastes as soil amendments allows their negative impact on the environment to be minimized. however, before these wastes can be used, they need to be treated appropriately in order to decrease their level of hazard. in this study, composting of raw ss, ofmsw, a mixture of these two wastes (ofmsw+ ... | 2016 | 27692790 |
| ecological risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the tropics. tier ii: detailed assessment. | this study presents data on the detailed evaluation (tier 2) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment (ssera) in a former smelter area contaminated with metals (santo amaro, bahia, brazil). combining information from three lines of evidence (loe), chemical (chemloe), ecotoxicological (ecotoxloe) and ecological (ecoloe), in the triad approach, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites and confirm the potential risk disclosed with tier 1. risk values were calculated for the habitat ... | 2015 | 26528915 |
| assessing the ecological long-term impact of wastewater irrigation on soil and water based on bioassays and chemical analyses. | the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and groundwater recharge can counteract water scarcity and reduce pollution of surface waters, but assessing its environmental risk should likewise consider effects associated to the soil. the present study therefore aimed at determining the impact of wastewater irrigation on the habitat quality of water after soil passage and of soil after percolation by applying bioassays and chemical analysis. lab-scale columns of four different soils encompassin ... | 2015 | 26207878 |
| removal of remazol blue rr dye from aqueous solutions with neem leaves and evaluation of their acute toxicity with daphnia magna. | the removal of dyes present in industrial effluent has received great attention in the past few years. this is partly due to increasing environmental awareness and the implementation of ever stricter environmental rules. however, some treatments for color removal from these effluents do not guarantee the absence of other secondary toxic substances, often originating from the treatment process itself. the aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity level of the adsorbent neem, used in adsorptio ... | 2009 | 18976858 |
| pesticide runoff from energy crops: a threat to aquatic invertebrates? | the european union aims to reach a 10% share of biofuels in the transport sector by 2020. the major burden is most likely to fall on already established annual energy crops such as rapeseed and cereals for the production of biodiesel and bioethanol, respectively. annual energy crops are typically cultivated in intensive agricultural production systems, which require the application of pesticides. agricultural pesticides can have adverse effects on aquatic invertebrates in adjacent streams. we as ... | 2015 | 26282752 |
| qsar models for daphnia magna toxicity prediction of benzoxazinone allelochemicals and their transformation products. | the overall objective of this study is the ecotoxicological characterization of the benzoxazinone 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), the benzoxazolinones benzoxazolin-2-one (boa) and 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (mboa), and their transformation products: phenoxazinones 2-acetylamino-7-methoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (aampo), 2-acetylamino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (aapo), 2-amino-7-methoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (ampo), and 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (apo); aminophenol 2-aminophenol ap); ... | 2006 | 16478224 |
| sequence divergence and expression of a transformer gene in the branchiopod crustacean, daphnia magna. | environmental decline triggers a switch in reproductive strategy of daphnia magna from asexual to sexual reproduction; however, the molecular basis of such environmental sex determination remains largely unknown. in insects most closely related to branchiopod crustaceans, orthologs of the drosophila transformer gene such as dipteran transformer (tra), honeybee feminizer (fem) and complementary sex determiner (csd) function as sex determining factors. therefore, we cloned a d. magna transformer g ... | 2010 | 20060040 |
| enzymatic treatment and detoxification of acid orange 7 from textile wastewater. | a crude preparation of horseradish roots was used as a low-purity source of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) in dye decolorization experiments. the technical feasibility of the process was studied in bench scale for enzymatic removal of acid orange 7 (ao7), a synthetic dye. further studies were carried out to understand the effects of process parameters such as ph value, h(2)o(2) level, concentrations of the synthetic dye, and hrp during enzyme-mediated dye degradation. experimental data revealed th ... | 2011 | 21892667 |
| toxicity of textile dyes and their degradation by the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (hrp). | the enzyme peroxidase is known for its capacity to remove phenolic compounds and aromatic amines from aqueous solutions and also to decolorize textile effluents. this study evaluates the potential of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (hrp) in the decolorization of textile dyes and effluents. some factors such as ph and the amount of h(2)o(2) and the enzyme were evaluated in order to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme performance. for the dyes tested, the results indicated that the d ... | 2007 | 17628340 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane: medium-term toxicity to carp, daphnids, and higher plants. | the toxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to carp (cyprinus carpio) and daphnids (daphnia magna) and the effects of gaseous-phase exposure on the growth of higher plants (sorghum bicolor and brassica napus) were investigated. the test systems were designed to minimize loss of the volatile material during the exposure period. during an exposure period of 14 days, there were no mortalities or other symptoms of toxicity in carp exposed to a mean measured 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration of 7.7 mg/li ... | 1989 | 2737111 |
| biological fate and effects of propranolol in an experimental aquatic food chain. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic transfer of the β-blocker propranolol (prp) in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea daphnia magna and the crucian carp carassius auratus, as well as the metabolism and effects of prp in the liver of crucian carp. after a 48 h prp aqueous exposure for algae, with a subsequent 48 h dietary exposure for daphnia and an 8d dietary exposure for crucian carp, prp was observed in each trophic l ... | 2015 | 26057722 |
| acute and chronic toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol a to three aquatic species under different ph conditions. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a well-known brominated flame retardant. it has been detected in the environment and shows high acute toxicity to different organisms at high concentrations. in this work, the effects of ph and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) on the acute toxicity of tbbpa to daphnia magna and limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were tested, and the oxidative stress induced by tbbpa in livers of carassius auratus was assessed using four biomarkers. the integrated biomarker response (ibr) was appl ... | 2015 | 25980965 |
| evaluation of the potential for trophic transfer of roxithromycin along an experimental food chain. | pharmaceuticals have been recognized as a new class of environmental pollutants in recent years. but data about their potential for transfer and biomagnification in aquatic food chains are still lacking. in this study, bioaccumulation of the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (rox) was determined in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea daphnia magna and the crucian carp carassius auratus. after 48 h of exposure, s. obliquus accumulated ... | 2015 | 25739841 |
| study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem. | water flea (daphnia magna) and fish (carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nni(oh)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem. the 48, 72 and 96 h acute toxicities of water suspensions of nni(oh)2 to the flea and the fish were tested, using the immobilization and the mortality as toxicological endpoints. the results showed that the water flea was more highly sensitive ... | 2013 | 23552250 |
| bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances by daphnia magna in water with different types and concentrations of protein. | perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) are sometimes regarded as proteinophilic compounds, however, there is no research report about the effect of environmental protein on the bioaccumulation of pfass in waters. in the present study we investigated influences of protein on the bioaccumulation of six kinds of pfass by daphnia magna in water; it included perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and perfluorododecanoic ... | 2013 | 23968486 |
| evaluation of different extracts and synthesised silver nanoparticles from leaves of euphorbia prostrata against haemaphysalis bispinosa and hippobosca maculata. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activity to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of euphorbia prostrata ait. (euphorbiaceae) and synthesised ag nanoparticles (nps) using aqueous leaf extract against the adult cattle tick haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann (acarina: ixodidae) and the haematophagous fly hippobosca maculata leach (diptera: hippoboscidae). synthesised ag nps were characterised with ult ... | 2012 | 22429701 |
| acute aquatic toxicity of western juniper (juniperus occidentalis) foliage and port orford cedar (chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood oils. | recently, interest has developed for using essential oils from western juniper (juniperus occidentalis) foliage and port orford cedar (chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood in commercial products such as pest repellents and cosmetics. in order to gauge the relative toxicological risk that these oils pose to freshwater and marine organisms, the acute aquatic toxicity of these oils was evaluated using oppts guidelines to the cladoceran daphnia magna, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the gre ... | 2010 | 20033284 |
| [effect of water contamination with surface active substances and plant protecting agents on aquatic organisms]. | the purpose of the study was establishing in what degree the presence of surface-active substances affects the influence of herbicides present in surface waters on aquatic organisms. the study was carried out under laboratory conditions using as herbicides promethrin (triazine group) and dichlorophenoxy-acetate sodium (2,4 d), and detergents - sodium alkylsuphonate abs and non-ionic detergent rokafenol n8p7. the effect of these substances was studied on the test organisms from own cultures - dap ... | 1995 | 8533036 |
| biological effects of kepone and mirex in freshwater invertebrates. | acute and chronic toxicity studies of kepone (chlordecone) and mirex were conducted with daphnids (daphnia magna), amphipods (gammarus pseudolimnaeus), and larvae of a midge (chironomus plumosus). acute toxicities of kepone ranged from a 48-hr ec50 of 350 microgram/l for midges to a 96-hr lc50 of 180 microgram/l for amphipods, whereas the acute toxicities of mirex to all three taxa exceeded 1000 microgram/l. maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (matc's) for kepone and mirex were estimated ... | 1981 | 6171211 |
| toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and daphnia magna. | ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. the possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. the acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [cyprinus carpio (at 27 degrees c), leuciscus idus (at 27 degrees c) and clarias gariepinus (at 32 degrees c)] and to daphnia magna (at 21 and 27 degrees c). the results indicate that ozone is very harmfu ... | 1998 | 9756705 |
| inhibition effect of na⁺ and ca²⁺ on the bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances by daphnia magna in the presence of protein. | the authors investigated the individual effects of ca(2+) and na(+) on the bioaccumulation of 6 types of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa), perfluorononanoic acid (pfna), perfluorodecanoic acid (pfda), perfluoroundecanoic acid (pfuna), and perfluorododecanoic acid (pfdoa), by daphnia magna in water with 10 mg l(-1) bovine albumin or soy peptone. the bioaccumulation factors of pfass by d. magna decreased linearly with the ... | 2015 | 25477240 |
| crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone in the nervous system of the primitive crustacean species daphnia magna and artemia salina (crustacea: branchiopoda). | crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone-immunoreactive neuronal systems are detected in the central and peripheral nervous systems of two entomostracan crustaceans, daphnia magna and artemia salina, by immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against crustacean hyperglycaemic hormones of the decapod crustaceans orconectes limosus and carcinus maenas. in d. magna, four small putative interneurones are detected in the brain. in the thorax, ten bipolar peripheral neurones are stained by both antisera. ... | 1997 | 9023085 |
| potential toxicity of improperly discarded exhausted photovoltaic cells. | low tech photovoltaic panels (pvps) installed in the early '80s are now coming to the end of their life cycle and this raises the problem of their proper disposal. as panels contain potentially toxic elements, unconventional, complex and costly procedures are required to avoid environmental health risks and in countries where environmental awareness and economic resources are limited this may be especially problematic. this work was designed to investigate potential risks from improper disposal ... | 2016 | 27376992 |
| initial sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus (perciformes: cyprynidae) under semi-controlled conditions. | we studied the time of initial sexual maturity and the fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus under semi-controlled conditions. during the study the water temperature fluctuated from 21 to 30 degrees c, the ph between 7 and 8, and the dissolved oxygen between 5.5 and 7 ppm. sixty days old juvenile fish received prophylactic treatments of brackish water (15 per thousand) and methylene blue baths (1%), and they were fed with live daphnia magna. the initial sexual maturity occurred between 225 ... | 2006 | 18457147 |
| competition impedes the recovery of daphnia magna from repeated insecticide pulses. | the effects of multiple insecticide pulses on non-target organisms have rarely been investigated in combination with relevant biotic interactions, such as competition. in this study, we examined the effects of two repeated pulses of the insecticide pirimicarb (3, 10, 24 μg/l) on populations of daphnia magna with or without competition. to investigate the influence of competition, half of the test systems were supplemented with the pirimicarb-insensitive species culex pipiens. the pesticide pulse ... | 2014 | 24373889 |
| influence of nymphal anax imperator (odonata: aeshnidae) on oviposition by the mosquito culiseta longiareolata (diptera: culicidae) and community structure in temporary pools. | we assessed the overall (consumptive plus non-consumptive) and non-consumptive effects of nymphal anax imperator (aeshnidae: odonata) on experimental pool communities by comparing three treatments: (1) control (no anax); (2) free anax (anax was not constrained); and (3) caged anax (anax, enclosed within a cage, could not consume prey outside the cages, but could possibly influence them via perceived risk of predation). fewer egg rafts of the mosquito culiseta longiareolata were found in the free ... | 2000 | 11217217 |
| risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in romanian aquatic environment. | the aquatic environment is under increased pressure by pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) due to anthropogenic activities. in spite of being found at very low concentrations (ng/l to μg/l) in the environment, phacs represent a real danger to aquatic ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term effects. in this study, the presence in the aquatic environment of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), ... | 2016 | 27234514 |
| aquatic hazard, bioaccumulation and screening risk assessment for ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate. | the fluoropolymer manufacturing industry is moving to alternative polymerization processing aid technologies with more favorable toxicological and environmental profiles as part of a commitment to curtail the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas). to facilitate the environmental product stewardship assessment and premanufacture notification (pmn) process for a candidate replacement chemical, we conducted acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests to evaluate the toxicity of ammonium 2,3,3 ... | 2016 | 26874062 |
| comparison of species sensitivity distributions constructed with predicted acute toxicity data from interspecies correlation estimation models and measured acute data for benzo[a]pyrene. | benzo[a]pyrene (bap) is a priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), which is toxic to aquatic organisms and has been widely detected in the environment. however, ecological risk assessment for bap is hard to perform because of the absence of water quality criteria (wqc) and lack of toxicity data for this chemical. to fill in the data gaps, a interspecies correlation estimation (ice) model was developed by usepa to predict toxicity values for multiple species from the toxicity estimate for ... | 2016 | 26595312 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of flocculant modified soil for lake restoration using an integrated biotic toxicity index. | flocculant modified soils/clays are being increasingly studied as geo-engineering materials for lake restoration and harmful algal bloom control. however, the potential impacts of adding these materials in aquatic ecological systems remain unclear. this study investigated the potential effects of chitosan, cationic starch, chitosan modified soils (ms-c) and cationic starch modified soils (ms-s) on the aquatic organisms by using a bioassay battery. the toxicity potential of these four flocculants ... | 2016 | 26321048 |
| derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in china. | species sensitivity distributions (ssds) are usually used in the development of water quality criteria and require a large number of toxicity values to define a hazard level to protect the majority of species. however, some toxicity data for certain chemicals are limited, especially for endangered and threatened species. thus, it is important to predict the unknown species toxicity data using available toxicity data. to address this need, interspecies correlation estimation (ice) models were dev ... | 2013 | 23058200 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of the toxicity of organothiophosphate pesticides to daphnia magna and cyprinus carpio. | within the reach regulatory framework in the eu, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) models are expected to help reduce the number of animals used for experimental testing. the objective of this study was to develop qsar models to describe the acute toxicity of organothiophosphate pesticides to aquatic organisms. literature data sets for acute toxicity data of organothiophosphates to fish and one data set from experiments with 15 organothiophosphates on daphniamagna performed in ... | 2009 | 19376559 |
| risk assessment of pesticides and heavy metals contaminants in vegetables: a novel bioassay method using daphnia magna straus. | cucumber and potato samples of known levels of pesticides and heavy metal residues, as respectively measured by gas chromatography and atomic absorption, were subjected to a bioassay method using daphnia magna in order to assess the potential of the toxic hazard of their contaminants. based on the estimated lethal time for 50% mortality (lt50) in daphnids, we suggested a classification to categorize toxic hazards in six definite ratings. either samples of cucumbers (from conventional, greenhouse ... | 2010 | 19853633 |
| comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment. | the hazards linked to pharmaceutical residues like antidepressants are currently a major concern of ecotoxicology because they may have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. our study assesses the ecotoxicity of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) using a battery of marine and freshwater species representing different trophic levels, and compares the bioassay sensitivity levels. we selected the following bioassays: the algal growth inhibition test (skeleton ... | 2014 | 25185786 |
| improvement of cyanobacterial-killing biologically derived substances (bdss) using an ecologically safe and cost-effective naphthoquinone derivative. | in previous studies, naphthoquinone (nq) compounds have been shown to be effective, selective, and ecologically safe algicides for controlling harmful algal blooming species (habs) or winter bloom species, such as stephanodiscus hantzschii. however, there are no reports on nq-based algicides for use with cyanobacterial blooming species. in this study, we developed 31 nq compounds to investigate algicides for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms. in addition, to better apply these compounds in the fi ... | 2017 | 28349870 |
| new promising antifouling agent based on polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine molybdate. | a new polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine (phmg) molybdate has been synthesized. the obtained cationic polymer has limited water solubility of 0.015 g/100 ml and is insoluble in paint solvents. the results of acute toxicity studies indicate moderate toxicity of phmg molybdate, which has a median lethal dose at 48 h of 0.7 mg/l for daphnia magna and at 96 h of 17 mg/l for danio rerio (zebrafish) freshwater model organisms. commercial ship paint was then modified by the addition of a low ... | 2017 | 28262978 |
| improving the reliability of aquatic toxicity testing of hydrophobic chemicals via equilibrium passive dosing - a multiple trophic level case study on bromochlorophene. | the main objective of the present study was to improve the reliability and practicability of aquatic toxicity testing of hydrophobic chemicals based upon the model substance bromochlorophene (bcp). therefore, we adapted a passive dosing format to test the toxicity of bcp at different concentrations and in multiple test systems with aquatic organisms of various trophic levels. at the same time, the method allowed for the accurate determination of exposure concentrations (i.e., in the presence of ... | 2017 | 28142058 |
| mixture toxicity of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin: species-specific responses. | currently, the potential impact of insecticide mixtures to nontarget organisms is largely unknown, and additional study is needed. the present study investigated the mixture toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide phostebupirim and the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin using 4 nontarget species including daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and danio rerio (zebrafish). for each species, the toxicity of equipotent mixtures was compared with the expected toxici ... | 2016 | 28019697 |
| joint toxicity of cadmium and sdbs on daphnia magna and danio rerio. | information on joint toxicity is limited. to clarify the joint toxicity and the interactions among toxicants on different aquatic organisms, we investigated the acute toxicity of cadmium and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, two chemicals with high concerns in chinese waters, on the immobilization of daphnia magna (d. magna) and the swimming behavior of danio rerio (d. rerio). our results illustrated that cadmium and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate expressed a synergistic effect on the immobili ... | 2016 | 27709398 |
| aquatic toxicity structure-activity relationships for the zwitterionic surfactant alkyl dimethyl amine oxide to several aquatic species and a resulting species sensitivity distribution. | amine oxide (ao) is a cationically charged surfactant at environmental ph and has previously been assessed in the oecd (organization for economic cooperation and development) high production volume (hpv) chemicals program. typical of cationic chemicals, ao is highly aquatically toxic. in this study we vastly improve the knowledge of ao toxicity by developing acute quantitative structure activity relationships (qsars) for an alga (desmodesmus subspicatus), an invertebrate (daphnia magna) and a fi ... | 2016 | 27611218 |
| regulatory ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials - proposed modifications of oecd test guidelines based on laboratory experience with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. | regulatory ecotoxicity testing of chemicals is of societal importance and a large effort is undertaken at the oecd to ensure that oecd test guidelines (tgs) for nanomaterials (nms) are available. significant progress to support the adaptation of selected tgs to nms was achieved in the context of the project marina ( http://www.marina-fp7.eu/ ) funded within the 7th european framework program. eight oecd tgs were adapted based on the testing of at least one ion-releasing nm (ag) and two inert nms ... | 2016 | 27592624 |
| natural water as the test medium for ag and cuo nanoparticle hazard evaluation: an interlaboratory case study. | engineered nanoparticles (nps) have realistic potential of reaching natural waterbodies and of exerting toxicity to freshwater organisms. the toxicity may be influenced by the composition of natural waters as crucial np properties are influenced by water constituents. to tackle this issue, a case study was set up in the framework of eu fp7 nanovalid project, performing an interlaboratory hazard evaluation of nps in natural freshwater. ag and cuo nps were selected as model nps because of their po ... | 2016 | 27357482 |
| comparative ecotoxicology study of two neoteric solvents: imidazolium ionic liquid vs. glycerol derivative. | in this study we have compared the acute ecotoxicity of two solvents, with very different structure and origin, but sharing many physical-chemical properties, so they can be used for similar purposes; a well-known ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][pf6]) and a solvent partially derived from biomass, 3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propan-2-ol (btfip). we have used three biomodels (vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and danio rerio) and performed the comparison applying ... | 2016 | 27265564 |
| the influence of dissolved organic matter (dom) on sodium regulation and nitrogenous waste excretion in the zebrafish (danio rerio). | dissolved organic matter (dom) is both ubiquitous and diverse in composition in natural waters, but its effects on the branchial physiology of aquatic organisms have received little attention relative to other variables (e.g. ph, hardness, salinity, alkalinity). here, we investigated the effects of four chemically distinct dom isolates (three natural, one commercial, ranging from autochthonous to highly allochthonous, all at ∼6 mg c l(-1)) on the physiology of gill ionoregulation and nitrogenous ... | 2016 | 27207642 |
| evaluation of the detoxication efficiencies for acrylonitrile wastewater treated by a combined anaerobic oxic-aerobic biological fluidized tank (a/o-abft) process: acute toxicity and zebrafish embryo toxicity. | acrylonitrile (acn) wastewater generated during acn production has been reported to be toxic to many aquatic organisms. however, few studies have evaluated toxicity removal of acn wastewater during and after the treatment process. in this study, the detoxication ability of an acn wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) was evaluated using daphnia magna, danio rerio and zebrafish embryo. this acn wwtp has a combined anaerobic oxic-aerobic biological fluidized tank (a/o-abft) process upgraded from the t ... | 2016 | 27037768 |
| geochemistry and environmental threats of soils surrounding an abandoned mercury mine. | the closure of mercury mining areas is generally associated with a release of hg and other metals into the environment due to the abandonment of mining wastes. because of their potential toxic properties, the mobilization of particulate and soluble metal species is of major concern. in the present study, the environmental risks posed by soils surrounding an abandoned mercury mining area in valle del azogue (almeria, spain) are assessed through the determination of physical-chemical parameters, t ... | 2016 | 26996905 |