| identification and characterisation of a leucine aminopeptidase from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | aminopeptidases responsible for blood digestion have yet to be identified in haematophagous ticks. we report here the cloning and molecular characterisation of a cdna encoding leucine aminopeptidase, a member of the m17 cytosolic aminopeptidase family, from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis (hllap). endogenous hllap was detected in the soluble fraction of adult tick extracts by immunoblotting. immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that endogenous hllap expression mainly took place in th ... | 2006 | 16814790 |
| the effect of humidity on the oviposition and larval mortality of haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard, 1869) (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. | oviposition, reproductive and nutritional efficiency indices (rei and nei), eclosion and larvae mortality of haemaphysalis leporispalustris were studied under controlled conditions, inside desiccators, at constant temperatures of 25+/-1 degrees c and relative humidity (rh) levels adjusted at 30, 50, 70 and 95%. fourth generation tick specimens, originated from a colony fed on rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus), were used. the experiment was conducted between jul/1999 and jan/2001. the pre-ovipositi ... | 2006 | 16834897 |
| a secreted cystatin from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis and its distinct expression patterns in relation to innate immunity. | proteins capable of selective and specific inhibition of cysteine protease have been identified as cystatins and are isolated from a variety of microbes and tissues of animals and plants. the physiological function of these proteins has been proposed to be the regulation of protein turnover and defense against pathogens as well as the balance of the host-parasite immune relationship. genes encoding cystatins have been found in several species of ticks, but the function of cystatin in ticks is no ... | 2006 | 16835018 |
| a house dust mite allergen homologue from poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer). | tropomyosin is an allergenic, actin-binding protein and a proposed vaccine candidate from several species of parasite. tropomyosin cdna, obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification from dermanyssus gallinae rna, encoded a predicted protein with 89% and 88% identity to tropomyosins from the ticks boophilus microplus and haemaphysalis longicornis, respectively, and 85% identity to the house dust mite (hdm) tropomyosin der p 10. mouse antibodies raised against hdm tropomyosin reacted ... | 2006 | 16879312 |
| temporal distribution of ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis concinna in hungary. | a survey was carried out over a 4-year period to describe the temporal distribution of three 'anthropophilic' tick species, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis concinna in hungary. altogether 4658 adult ticks belonging to the three species were collected from 1931 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) killed in an area of about 70,000 km(2) representing all major climatic areas of the country. the seasonal activity of the three species was different. i. ricinus ticks were most active b ... | 2006 | 16919880 |
| piroplasmids of livestock in tunisia. | several species of piroplasms of livestock are present in tunisia; some of them are of high veterinary importance. this paper reviews the species already reported in tunisia on the basis of clinical observations, parasitological routine diagnostic and serological surveys, as well as those considered as potentially present according to epidemiological argumentations. the genus theileria includes four species reported in tunisia: t. annulata, t. buffeli, t. ovis, and t. equi. the ovine malignant t ... | 2004 | 16929761 |
| haemaphysalis longicornis: molecular characterization of a homologue of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor from the partially fed ticks. | the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) has been identified from some vertebrates and invertebrates. mif is related to inflammation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in vertebrates. here, we report the molecular characterization of a homologue of mif from partially fed haemaphysalis longicornis. the sequence analysis of the h. longicornis mif (hlmif) indicated that its deduced amino acid sequence has an identity of 77% with the mif of the tick amblyomma americanum. western blot analysis u ... | 2007 | 16987517 |
| detection of dna closely related to 'candidatus rickettsia principis' in haemaphysalis danieli recovered from cattle in xinjiang uygur autonomous region area, china. | tick dna samples from cattle in xinjiang uygur autonomous region area, china, were examined for rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene-based pcr and sequencing. four positive samples were detected from haemaphysalis danieli and high levels of similarity were found with recently detected 'candidatus rickettsia principis.' | 2007 | 17052853 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) of small antelopes: steenbok, raphicerus campestris and suni, neotragus moschatus. | during surveys on the tick burdens of various wildlife species in south africa, nine small antelopes became available for study. six of these were steenbok, raphicerus campestris and three sunis, neotragus moschatus, and their tick burdens are recorded here. the steenbok were examined in three nature reserves and harboured nine tick species. the sunis were examined in a fourth reserve and were infested with eight species. the steenbok and sunis were generally infested with the immature stages of ... | 2006 | 17058446 |
| ticks (ixodidae) on humans in south america. | twenty eight species of ixodidae have been found on man in south america (21 amblyomma, 1 boophilus, 2 dermacentor, 2 haemaphysalis, 1 ixodes and 1 rhipicephalus species). most of them are rarely found on man. however, three species frequently parasitize humans in restricted areas of argentina (a. neumanni reported from 46 localities), uruguay (a. triste from 21 sites) and argentina-brazil (a. parvum from 27 localities). the most widespread ticks are a. cajennense (134 localities in argentina, b ... | 2006 | 17103085 |
| far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. | we recently reported the first documented cases of a new rickettsial disease caused by rickettsia heilongjiangensis in the russian far east (far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis). here we report the amplification of dna of r. heilongjiangensis from both the skin biopsy of an acutely ill patient and the tick removed from him prior to the disease development. the tick has been identified as haemaphysalis spp. the clinical picture was that of a spotted fever group rickettsiosis and a seroconversion ... | 2006 | 17114683 |
| molecular identification of rickettsia felis-like bacteria in haemaphysalis sulcata ticks collected from domestic animals in southern croatia. | haemaphysalis sulcata ticks collected from sheep and goats in southern croatia were found infected with rickettsiae. molecular analysis of the complete glta gene and portion of 17 kda and ompb genes revealed the presence of rickettsia felis-like bacteria in up to 26% of tested ticks. | 2006 | 17114738 |
| detection of members of the genera rickettsia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia in ticks collected in the asiatic part of russia. | a total of 395 adult ixodid ticks from three genera (dermacentor, haemaphysalis, and ixodes) collected from the urals to the far east of russia were tested by pcr and sequencing for the presence of spotted fever rickettsiae, anaplasmae, and ehrlichiae. four, pathogens recognized in humans were detected in ticks: rickettsia sibirica, r. heilongjiangensis, r. helvetica, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. in addition, rickettsiae and ehrlichiae of unknown pathogenicity were detected, including ricketts ... | 2006 | 17114745 |
| ticks, tick-borne rickettsiae, and coxiella burnetii in the greek island of cephalonia. | domestic animals are the hosts of several tick species and the reservoirs of some tick-borne pathogens; hence, they play an important role in the circulation of these arthropods and their pathogens in nature. they may act as vectors, but, also, as reservoirs of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, which are the causative agents of sfg rickettsioses. q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by coxiella burnetii (c. burnetii), which can be isolated from ticks. a total of 1,848 ticks (954 female, 8 ... | 2006 | 17114747 |
| surveys on seroprevalence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis among dogs living in the ivory coast and gabon and evaluation of a quick commercial test kit dot-elisa. | canine monocytic ehlichiosis (cme), an enzootic disease in africa, has been studied in canine blood samples (serum). these dogs, without any clinical sign of disease, were living in abidjan (ivory coast) and in several small villages located in northeasst gabon (ogooué ivindo). the results obtained by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test, used as a point of reference, and by a quick test dot-elisa were compared. blood samples taken from 390 asymptomatic dogs in 2003 (137 in ivory coast and 2 ... | 2006 | 17114755 |
| identification and characterization of merozoite antigens of a theileria species highly pathogenic for small ruminants in china. | a new pathogenic theileria species transmitted by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis was identified in the northwestern part of china and was shown to be highly pathogenic for small ruminants. the present article aimed at identifying merozoite antigens that might be suitable for developing diagnostic methods and designing a potential vaccine. absence of other theilerial or babesial infections was confirmed by reverse line blot in all antigen samples used. extensive western blot analyses using serum from ... | 2006 | 17135547 |
| rna interference of cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase reduces fecundity in the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | ticks are effective vectors of pathogens because of their blood feeding and high fecundity. this high fecundity is related to the size of the blood meal. therefore, knowledge of how blood proteins are degraded and converted to proteins, including yolk protein, is important for the development of ways to inhibit the utilization of blood proteins by ticks. rna interference (rnai) is becoming a powerful post-transcriptional gene silencing technique that provides insight into gene function. we const ... | 2007 | 17136388 |
| isolation of rickettsia rhipicephali and rickettsia bellii from haemaphysalis juxtakochi ticks in the state of são paulo, brazil. | in the present study, attempts to isolate rickettsia in cell culture were performed individually in seven specimens of haemaphysalis juxtakochi ticks collected in the state of são paulo (southeastern brazil). rickettsia was successfully isolated by the shell vial technique and established in vero cell culture from six ticks (six isolates). dna extracted from infected cells of these isolates was tested by pcr and dna sequencing, using genus-specific rickettsia primers targeting the genes glta, ht ... | 2007 | 17142361 |
| identification of genes encoding cement-like antigens expressed in the salivary glands of haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna expression library from the salivary glands of hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis, was constructed. immunoscreening was performed using sera of the rabbit repeatedly infested with ticks and seventeen positive clones were obtained. a blastp search suggested that 8 sequences matched with that of hypothetical h. longicornis sequence and one clone encoded hl35 antigen u from the same tick species. eight of 17 gave no match to any sequence reported in the database. the proteins expected from ... | 2006 | 17146171 |
| [determination of tick species and treatment of cows, sheep and goats in the sivas-zara region]. | the purpose of this study was to examine tick infestation in cattle, sheep and goats in the zara-sivas region for one year and to determine the epizootiology of the tick species as well as to investigate treatment of the infested animals. tick infestation was detected in 71 (29.6%) out of 240 cattle, 66 (24.0%) out of 275 sheep and 50 (19.9%) out of 252 goats in the zara region. it has been shown that the tick infestation on cattle included haemaphysalis parva (33.8%), dermacentor marginatus (2. ... | 2006 | 17160854 |
| severe japanese spotted fever successfully treated with fluoroquinolone. | a 77 years old woman who had a bite with eschar on her left arm, was admitted to emergency ward in our hospital, because of high fever, severe malaise, skin eruption, and consciousness disturbance beginning 5 days previously. she was diagnosed as japanese spotted fever by seropositive of rickettsia japonica (r. japonica) antibody, and successfully treated with fluoroquinolone, after minocycline hydrochloride had been proven ineffective. r. japonica-specific dna was detected by pcr from the tick: ... | 2006 | 17170509 |
| [investigation on borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents collected in da xing-an mountains forest areas of china]. | to detect and study the types of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents from da xing-an mountains forest areas of china. | 2006 | 17172108 |
| characterization of haemaphysalis longicornis recombinant cement-like antigens and preliminary study of their vaccination effects. | two genes encoding immunodominant antigens, hlim2 and hlim3, were obtained from a salivary gland cdna library of the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. the recombinant proteins were expressed in escherichia coli as the gst fusion protein and used for immunization. we observed that the attachment rate of nymphal ticks fed on mice immunized with gst-hlim3 was significantly lower than that in the control group during the initial days of feeding. however, immunization with gst-hlim3 did not affec ... | 2006 | 17213697 |
| characterization of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase from the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis, and its critical role in host blood feeding. | glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (gfat, ec2.6.1.16) is the first, and rate-limiting, enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and is involved in the regulation of chitin biosynthesis and glycosylation of proteins. we report here the molecular characterization and potential functions of a novel gfat (hlgfat) from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. hlgfat consists of 696 amino acids, possesses a class ii glutamine aminotransferase domain and two sugar isomerase motifs ... | 2007 | 17222844 |
| symbiotic bacteria in oocyte and ovarian cell mitochondria of the tick ixodes ricinus: biology and phylogenetic position. | under natural conditions, eukaryote cells may contain bacteria. arthropods such as ticks, insects or mites are a group particularly favoured by the obligate intracellular bacteria. while arthropods are vectors for some of them, other bacteria inhabit invertebrate host cells having entered mutualistic interactions. such endosymbionts dwell usually in the host cell vacuoles or cytoplasm but have been also reported from tick oocyte mitochondria. the microorganisms contribute to mitochondria degrada ... | 2007 | 17226040 |
| hyalomma aegyptium as dominant tick in tortoises of the genus testudo in balkan countries, with notes on its host preferences. | collection of 1327 ticks sampled throughout greece, bulgaria, romania and croatia, from 211 tortoises belonging to three species, testudo marginata schoepff, t. graeca linnaeus, and t. hermanni gmelin, revealed the presence of four species of ixodid ticks, namely hyalomma aegyptium (linnaeus), haemaphysalis sulcata canestrini and fanzago, h. inermis birula and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille). study confirmed the strong dominance of all life stages of h. aegyptium among ticks parasitizing we ... | 2007 | 17237970 |
| an investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in bangladesh. | to study the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks in bangladesh, an attempt was made to collect adult ticks from various host animals in three distinct topographic zones, viz. flood plains, hills and steppe 'barind'. five species of ixodid ticks were recorded, namely, boophilus microplus (56.3%), haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.3%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (15.0%) and amblyomma testudinarium (2.8%). the data showed that b. micr ... | 2006 | 17243476 |
| bartonella infections in fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) and lack of bartonellae in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from hungary. | fleas (95 pulex irritans, 50 ctenocephalides felis, 45 ctenocephalides canis) and ixodid ticks (223 ixodes ricinus, 231 dermacentor reticulatus, 204 haemaphysalis concinna) were collected in hungary and tested, in assays based on pcr, for bartonella infection. low percentages of p. irritans (4.2%) and c. felis (4.0%) were found to be infected. the groel sequences of the four isolates from p. irritans were different from all the homologous sequences for bartonellae previously stored in genbank bu ... | 2006 | 17252927 |
| wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) as a host of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in california state parks. | rio grande wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were evaluated as potential hosts of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]) in three state parks in sonoma county, california, usa, during 2003 and 2004. in total, 113 birds were collected, 50 (44.2%) of which were found to be infested by 361 ixodid ticks representing three species: the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus, n=248), the rabbit tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris, n= ... | 2006 | 17255442 |
| molecular and reverse genetic characterization of serine proteinase-induced hemolysis in the midgut of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | enzyme-induced hemolysis has been shown to occur in the midgut of ticks; however, little is known about the molecular basis for hemolytic activity. we report here the molecular and reverse genetic characterization of a hemolytic midgut serine proteinase, hlsp, recently identified from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. endogenous hlsp was found in the midgut lumen and its contents, indicating that hlsp is extracellularly secreted. recombinant h. longicornis serine proteinase (rhlsp) expr ... | 2007 | 17275020 |
| molecular cloning of two caspase-like genes from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | we identified two caspase-like genes from the midgut cdna library of the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. sequence analysis showed that these cdnas encoded homologues of caspase-2 and caspase-8 that were categorized as apoptosis initiators. the h. longicornis caspase-2 (hlcaspase-2) cdna encodes 340 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight (mw) of 38.5 kda. another cdna identified as the h. longicornis caspase-8 (hlcaspase-8) encodes 306 amino acid residues with an estimated mw ... | 2007 | 17283408 |
| ixodid ticks on dogs in the eastern region of the eastern cape province, south africa. | the objective of this study was to determine the species composition and geographic distribution of ixodid ticks infesting domestic dogs in the eastern region of the eastern cape province. seventy-two communal cattle dip-tanks within this region were randomly selected as survey localities and their geographic coordinates recorded. in addition to ticks that were collected from five cattle and five goats at each of the dip-tanks, ticks were also collected from five dogs whenever possible. no dogs ... | 2006 | 17283731 |
| molecular characterization and comparative study of 6 salivary gland metalloproteases from the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | six genes encoding metalloproteases were identified from the salivary gland of the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. comparative analyses have shown the evolutionary distinct and different mrna expression patterns of each gene during blood feeding. the proteins are synthesized as proenzymes with a prodomain and a metalloprotease/cysteine-rich domain of the reprolysin family. within the active site, amino acid substitutions were observed. the recombinant escherichia coli expression of one gen ... | 2007 | 17292650 |
| a trypanosome species isolated from naturally infected haemaphysalis hystricis ticks in kagoshima prefecture, japan. | common arthropod vectors for trypanosomes are flies, fleas and bugs. this study reports on an unknown trypanosome species isolated from naturally infected haemaphysalis hystricis ticks, hereby, referred to as trypanosoma kg1 isolate. the parasite has been successfully cultured in vitro with l929 or hek 293t cell line as feeder cells. this trypanosome cannot survive in vitro without feeder cells. following experimental infections of ticks, the trypomastigote-like and the epimastigote-like forms o ... | 2007 | 17306058 |
| biomedical evaluation of two sympatric lemur species (propithecus verreauxi deckeni and eulemur fulvus rufus) in tsiombokibo classified forest, madagascar. | complete medical examinations were performed on 20 wild decken's sifaka (propithecus verreauxi deckeni) and 20 wild red-fronted brown lemurs (eulemurfulvus rufus) from western madagascar. each animal received a complete physical examination, and weight, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded and ectoparasites collected. blood samples were collected for complete blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoparasite examination, serum biochemical profile, fa ... | 2005 | 17312713 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of paraguay. | the ticks reported in paraguay, which are here reviewed, can be categorized as 'endemic or established' (argas persicus or a sibling species, ornithodoros hasei, o. rostratus, o. rudis, o. talaje/o. puertoricensis, amblyomma aureolatum, am. auricularium, am. brasiliense, am. cajennense, am. calcaratum, am. coelebs, am. dissimile, am. dubitatum, am. incisum, am. longirostre, am. nodosum, am. ovale, am. pacae, am. parvum, am. pseudoconcolor, am. rotundatum, am. scutatum, am. tigrinum, am. triste, ... | 2007 | 17362600 |
| molecular characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 homologue from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | one sequence in the est database of a midgut cdna library prepared from semi-engorged female haemaphysalis longicornis ticks has been found to be a homologue of the bm86 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. the full-length sequence containing a 1785 bp open reading fragment (orf) was obtained and designated as the hl86 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the hl86 gene shows a 37% identity to the bm86 gene. hl86 is predicted to be a gpi-anchored membrane-bound glycoprotein wi ... | 2007 | 17363170 |
| experimental transmission of theileria sp. (china 1) infective for small ruminants by haemaphysalis longicornis and haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. | the experimental transmission of a recently identified new theileria (china 1) species pathogenic for sheep and goats in northern china is described. haemaphysalis qinghaiensis nymphs and adults developed from larvae and nymph engorged on sheep infected with theileria sp. (china 1) were able to respectively transmit the theileria sp. to splenectomized sheep. meanwhile, h. longicornis nymphs and adults developed from larvae and nymphs engorged on sheep infected with theileria sp. (china 1) were a ... | 2007 | 17370090 |
| cloning and characterization of a ribosomal protein l23a from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs by immuno screening of a cdna expression library. | a primary cdna library with a size of 1.34 x 10(6) pfu was constructed from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs and was immunoscreened with rabbit anti-h. qinghaiensis serum. one clone (hq22, named following those clones obtained from adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis cdna library which we constructed before) screened from the cdna library was selected randomly for sequencing. the entire sequence of the clone was subsequently obtained using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race). a search of the ... | 2007 | 17406794 |
| molecular evidence of babesia equi transmission in haemaphysalis longicornis. | we studied the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis, to determine the possibility of both transovarial and transstadial transmission of babesia equi. we also studied the usefulness of the needle injection method for pathogenic tick-transmitted organisms including babesia parasites. erythrocytes infected with b. equi were injected into the midgut of engorged adults or nymphs using a hypodermic needle passed through the integument. dna of b. equi in ticks was detected using nested polymerase chain reac ... | 2007 | 17426172 |
| [biochemical characteristics of ticks of the families argasidae and ixodidae]. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study homogenate supernatants from the bloodsucking ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) belonging to 8 different genera and species. differences were found in the electrophoretic mobility of protein fractions in adult ticks of these two different families and between several genera of ixodes ticks (such as haemaphysalis, hyalomma, dermacentor, rhipicephalus and ixodes). argasidae ticks were found to have generic and even species-specific differences at t ... | 2007 | 17436730 |
| molecular characterization of a myosin alkali light chain-like protein, a "concealed" antigen from the hard tick haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. | there should be some differences between antibodies generated by feeding ticks on animals and those derived by immunizing animals with tick extracts. here, we found serum collected from sheep immunized with haemaphysalis qinghaiensis salivary gland extracts could detect two more protein bands with molecular weights of 22 and 37 kda (p22 and p37) on western blots of extracts of tick salivary glands than serum from tick infected animals. rabbit anti-h. qinghaiensis differential protein immune seru ... | 2007 | 17466457 |
| filaria martis gmelin 1790 (spirurida, filariidae) affecting beech marten (martes foina): morphological description and molecular characterisation of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit i. | filaria martis causes a poorly known subcutaneous filariosis in mustelids. few information is available about lesions that f. martis causes in beech martens, on its morphology, biology and the occurrence of the infection. from 1997 to 2006, 29 beech martens from two sites of southern italy (sites a and b) have been necropsied. ectoparasites and nematodes were collected and morphologically identified. a variable region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of f. martis has been characteris ... | 2007 | 17484072 |
| babesial vector tick defensin against babesia sp. parasites. | antimicrobial peptides are major components of host innate immunity, a well-conserved, evolutionarily ancient defensive mechanism. infectious disease-bearing vector ticks are thought to possess specific defense molecules against the transmitted pathogens that have been acquired during their evolution. we found in the tick haemaphysalis longicornis a novel parasiticidal peptide named longicin that may have evolved from a common ancestral peptide resembling spider and scorpion toxins. h. longicorn ... | 2007 | 17485458 |
| sequence characterization and expression patterns of two defensin-like antimicrobial peptides from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | two cdnas encoding defensin-like antimicrobial peptides were cloned and sequenced from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. the full-length cdna of hlgut-defensin (h. longicornis midgut defensin) is 333bp, encoding an expected protein with 73 amino acids. the full-length cdna of hlsal-defensin (h. longicornis salivary gland defensin) is 382bp, encoding an expected protein with 81 amino acids. the antibacterial activities of the synthetic peptides based on the hlgut-defensin and hlsal-defensin seq ... | 2007 | 17521774 |
| molecular characterization of a blood-induced serine carboxypeptidase from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | ticks feed exclusively on blood to obtain their nutrients, but the gene products that mediate digestion processes in ticks remain unknown. we report the molecular characterization and possible function of a serine carboxypeptidase (hlscp1) identified in the midgut of the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. hlscp1 consists of 473 amino acids with a peptidase s10 family domain and shows structural similarity with serine carboxypeptidases reported from other arthropods, yeasts, plants and mammals. ... | 2007 | 17542992 |
| identification of three protein disulfide isomerase members from haemaphysalis longicornis tick. | three genes encoding putative protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) were isolated from the haemaphysalis longicornis est database and designed as hlpdi-1, hlpdi-2, and hlpdi-3. all three pdi genes contain two typical pdi active sites cxxc and encode putative 435, 499, and 488 amino acids, respectively. the recombinant proteins expressed in escherichia coli all show pdi activities, and the activities were inhibited by a pdi-specific inhibitor, zinc bacitracin. western blot analysis and real-time pcr ... | 2007 | 17550821 |
| flinders island spotted fever rickettsioses caused by "marmionii" strain of rickettsia honei, eastern australia. | australia has 4 rickettsial diseases: murine typhus, queensland tick typhus, flinders island spotted fever, and scrub typhus. we describe 7 cases of a rickettsiosis with an acute onset and symptoms of fever (100%), headache (71%), arthralgia (43%), myalgia (43%), cough (43%), maculopapular/petechial rash (43%), nausea (29%), pharyngitis (29%), lymphadenopathy (29%), and eschar (29%). cases were most prevalent in autumn and from eastern australia, including queensland, tasmania, and south austral ... | 2007 | 17553271 |
| molecular typing of isolates of rickettsia rickettsii by use of dna sequencing of variable intergenic regions. | rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, is found throughout the americas, where it is associated with different animal reservoirs and tick vectors. no molecular typing system currently exists to allow for the robust differentiation of isolates of r. rickettsii. analysis of eight completed genome sequences of rickettsial species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation within the coding regions of chromosomes in the genus. intergenic regions between codi ... | 2007 | 17553977 |
| status of haemaphysalis tick infestation in domestic ruminants in iran. | the geographical distribution and ecological preferences of haemaphysalis in domestic animals in iran were studied 4 times a year from april 2003 to march 2005. a total of 1,622 ixodid tick specimens were collected from 3 different zones. among them, 108 (6.7%) haemaphysalis ticks, consisting of 6 species, were identified; h. punctata (3.4%), h. parva (0.5%), h. sulcata (0.6%), h. choldokovskyi (1.7%), h. concinna (0.06%) and haemaphysalis sp. (0.6%). h. punctata was the most abundant species, w ... | 2007 | 17570976 |
| [investigation on the vectors of borrella burgdorferi and on the identification of the isolates along china-russia border in eastern heilongjiang province, china]. | to explore the fact that the east border of heilongjiang had been a lyme disease natural focus,we investigated the species and distribution of ticks and isolated bacteria from ticks and identified genomic species of borrelia burdorferi sensu lato. this study provided evidence for prevention and control of lyme disease. | 2007 | 17575937 |
| [influence of aggregation on the molting process of haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions]. | the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of different aggregations on the molting process of the nidicoulus ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris. tick-naïve domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as experimental hosts for the parasitic phase. all free-living phases were kept into 4.5 ml glass vials in incubators at 27+/-1 degrees c, 80+/-15% relative humidity and scotophase. the periods of pre-molt, molt, percentage of ecdisis and molting pattern of larvae and nymphs ... | 2007 | 17588323 |
| valosin-containing protein from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis: effects of dsrna-mediated hlvcp gene silencing. | we report the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the valosin-containing protein (vcp) from the haemaphysalis longicornis tick (hlvcp). the full-length hlvcp is 2782 bp and codes for 808 amino acids of a deduced protein with a predicted molecular mass of 89.9 kda. the domain structure analysis revealed that the deduced protein has 2 walker a domains, 2 walker b domains, a cdc48 domain, and a polyq-binding domain. the mouse anti-hlvcp serum recognized a 97 kda native protein in the sa ... | 2007 | 17612633 |
| interspecific and intraspecific associations of two species of hard ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis and haemaphysalis megaspinosa, in relation to questing site. | the effects of intraspecific and interspecific interactions on preferred questing sites of ticks, specifically nymphs and larvae of haemaphysalis longicornis and haemaphysalis megaspinosa, were examined in boso peninsula of central japan from october 1996 to september 1999. haemaphysalis longicornis were primarily segregated from h. megaspinosa by season. all stages of the 2 tick species preferred sedges. three-way contingency tables and log-linear models were used to test for independence of oc ... | 2007 | 17626344 |
| body mass of wild ring-tailed lemurs in berenty reserve, madagascar, with reference to tick infestation: a preliminary analysis. | in 1999, we measured the body mass of 101 wild ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) inhabiting the berenty reserve, madagascar. in addition, we counted the number of ticks [haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) lemuris hoogstraal, 1953] infesting their facial skin and external auditory meatuses. for both males and females, the body mass appeared to increase until the age of 3 years. with the apparent exception of infants, there were no sexual differences in body mass. within a group, higher-ranked adult males ... | 2008 | 17632687 |
| characterization of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a carboxypeptidase inhibitor called hltci was isolated from haemaphysalis longicornis in this study. the full-length cdna of hltci contains an open reading frame (orf) of 291bp, encoding 96 amino acid residues consisting of a predicted 19-residue signal peptide and a putative mature 77-residue protein. the expected mature protein is cysteine-rich and has 12 cysteine residues assumed to construct six disulfide bridges. the deduced peptide sequence shows 63.9% homology to the carboxypeptidase inhi ... | 2007 | 17651749 |
| characterization of asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain induced by blood feeding in the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | we characterize here a cdna from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis, which encodes an asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain (hllgm), that was present as a functional molecule in the midgut of this tick. endogenous hllgm was detected as a 38-kda antigen in h. longicornis extracts and was seen throughout all developmental stages. endogenous hllgm was mainly localized in the midgut epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and was shown to be up-regulated by the host blood-feeding process. recombina ... | 2007 | 17681230 |
| cloning and characterization of an autophagy-related gene, atg12, from the three-host tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites with a life cycle characterized by a period of starvation; many ticks spend more than 95% of their life off the host. autophagy, which is the process of bulk cytoplasmic degradation in eukaryotic cells, is induced by starvation and is essential for extension of the lifespan. therefore, we hypothesized that autophagy also occurs in ticks; however, there has been no report on autophagy-related (atg) genes in ticks. here, we show the homologue of an at ... | 2007 | 17681237 |
| seasonal change in habitat use by haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae): plant, litter, and soil. | habitat use of hemaphysalis longicornis neumann (acari: ixodidae) was observed from february 1998 to january 2000 in boso peninsula, central japan. the number of ticks collected from plants (by hand) and from litter and soil (by the vinyl method) was compared seasonally. laboratory experiments showed that the vinyl method effectively collected 97% of adults, 98% of nymphs, and 95% of larvae from soil and litter samples. field studies showed that habitat use of all stages varied during the specie ... | 2007 | 17695010 |
| notes on the parasitism of cytodites nudus and haemaphysalis chordeilis. | | 1909 | 17778444 |
| geographical distribution of ticks in turkey. | turkey's tick fauna is composed of about 32 species in two families and ten genera in mammals, reptiles, and birds. the ticks of veterinary significance in the family ixodidae comprise seven genera with 28 different species. ixodes spp. are mostly seen in northern turkey. it is likely that the high rainfall and the intensive forest in this area may contribute to this observation. to date, the following species have been found to be sporadically present: amblyomma variegatum in hatay province (bo ... | 2007 | 17823820 |
| primary report on distribution of tick fauna in iran. | a tick survey was carried out in four different geographical areas of iran, where the majority of the domestic ruminants in iran exist. about 1,500 sheep, 1,200 goats and 500 cattle of 12 herds in different provinces lying in the corresponding zones were inspected for tick infestation. the occurrence of ticks on cattle, sheep and goats were 62, 55 and 57%, respectively, with no differences between the zones. the mean number of ticks on each animal was low (10-20 ticks per animal). ixodid ticks w ... | 2007 | 17823823 |
| a survey of ticks (acari:ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in the dohuk governorate, iraq. | a survey on hard ticks affecting cattle, sheep, and goats was done in dohuk governorate from march 2005 until february 2006 in three areas (dohuk surrounding area, barwary balla near turkish border, and eqre). the species collected from cattle were hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and hyalomma anatolicum marginatum, while the species collected from sheep and goats were rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus turanicus, haemaphysalis parva, and hyalomma spp. the occurrences of the ticks in the three are ... | 2007 | 17823824 |
| ticks of small ruminants in china. | the importance of ticks and tick-borne diseases of small ruminants in china is discussed. of the 109 species of ticks identified to date in china, 45 species infest small ruminants. five species have been proved to be involved, or possibly involved, in the transmission of tick-borne diseases. anaplasma ovis, babesia motasi, babesia ovis and two unidentified species of theileria, have been recorded in small ruminants in china. the diseases caused by these organisms are widespread in china, causin ... | 2007 | 17823826 |
| [the fauna of ixodes ticks in the saratov region under the present conditions]. | a total of 10566 specimens of 10 species of ixodes ticks, such as dermacentor marginats, d. reticulatus, d. niveus, rhipicephalus rossicus, ixodes ricinus, i. persulcatus, i. crenulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, hyalomma scupense, and h. marginatum, were collected and identified in the saratov region in 2002-2006. dermacentor marginats and d. reticulatus were found to be the most dominant species. rhipicephalus rossicus, ixodes ricinus, and hyalomma scupense were also constantly detected in the r ... | 2007 | 17912837 |
| redescription of haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) elliptica (koch, 1844), an old taxon of the haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) leachi group from east and southern africa, and of haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) leachi (audouin, 1826) (ixodida, ixodidae). | koch originally described only the male of haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) elliptica (koch, 1844), which he named rhipistoma ellipticum. for the past century, however, this name has been considered a junior synonym of haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) leachi (audouin, 1826), or a nomen nudum. we redescribe here the male and larva of h. (r.) elliptica and describe the female and nymph for the first time. our redescription is based on the male holotype, plus numerous specimens from southern and east africa. t ... | 2007 | 17933361 |
| ticks associated with the three largest wild ruminant species in southern africa. | the objective of this study was to assess the host status of the three largest southern african wild ruminants, namely giraffes, giraffa camelopardalis, african buffaloes, syncerus caffer, and eland, taurotragus oryx for ixodid ticks. to this end recently acquired unpublished data are added here to already published findings on the tick burdens of these animals, and the total numbers and species of ticks recorded on 12 giraffes, 18 buffaloes and 36 eland are summarized and discussed. twenty-eigh ... | 2007 | 17933365 |
| autophagy-related genes from a tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | ticks are gorging-fasting organisms;(1) their life cycle is characterized by alternate off-host (starvation) and on-host (meal) conditions. their generation time is estimated in several years and many ticks spend more than 95% of their life off the host. they seem to have a unique strategy to endure the off-host state for a long period. thus, we focused on autophagy, which is induced by starvation and is essential for extension of the lifespan,(2-4) and hypothesized that ticks also have a system ... | 2008 | 17938584 |
| longicin plays a crucial role in inhibiting the transmission of babesia parasites in the vector tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 2007 | 18041897 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a larval immunogenic protein from the cattle tick boophilus annulatus. | a full-length cdna of an immunogenic protein was cloned from a cdna library of the local egyptian cattle tick boophilus annulatus. antibodies raised against b. annulatus larval proteins were used to screen a cdna expression library. a 936bp cloned fragment was sequenced and showed an open reading frame of 516bp encoding a protein of 171 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with protein data bank revealed that the sequence is related to a sequence isolated from the hard tick ... | 2008 | 18054085 |
| [haemaphysalis juxtakochi cooley, 1946 (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing mazama nana (hensel, 1872) (artiodactyla: cervidae) in the state of rio grande do sul]. | the record of haemaphysalis juxtakochi cooley, an ixodid tick, on the brocket deer, mazama nana (hensel), represents a new report after 34 years of its last report in the state of rio grande do sul. the tick specimens (three males and one female) were found in cachoeira do sul, rs (30 degrees 02'21''s, 52 degrees 53'38''w). this place is elevated 72 m sea above, with an annual average temperature of 18.8 degrees c, and annual average rainfall of 1.438 mm. this is the first record of this tick sp ... | 2007 | 18078606 |
| cloning and characterization of a cdna clone encoding calreticulin from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (acari: ixodidae). | the application of anti-tick vaccine has been shown to be the most promising alternative strategy compared to the current use of acaricides that suffer from a number of serious limitations. the success of this method is dependent upon identification and cloning of potential tick vaccine antigens. previously, we have cloned 21 positive clones (named from hq02 to hq22) by immunoscreening complimentary dna (cdna) libraries of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis; however, some of those clones did not contain ... | 2008 | 18087723 |
| haemaphysalis centropi, a new species of tick from birds in the far east. | | 1949 | 18133319 |
| gene silencing of ribosomal protein p0 is lethal to the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | ribosomal protein p0 has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional protein in the large subunit of eukaryotic ribosome. in this study, a gene encoding ribosomal protein p0 termed hlp0 was isolated from a full-length salivary gland cdna library previously constructed from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. the full-length cdna of the hlp0 gene is 1141 bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 963 bp. the orf of the hlp0 gene encodes a putative protein of 320 amino acid residues, with a predicted m ... | 2008 | 18155838 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. | a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. a total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. nine species were identified: boophilus annulatus (51.3%), rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), ixodes ricinus (6.8%), hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), hyalomma detritum ... | 2007 | 18165714 |
| hllgm2, a member of asparaginyl endopeptidases/legumains in the midgut of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis, is involved in blood-meal digestion. | here we describe a cdna encoding the second asparaginyl endopeptidase/legumain (hllgm2) from the midgut of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. endogenous hllgm2 was expressed in all the developmental stages of the tick, localized mainly in the midgut epithelium and was up-regulated by the host blood-feeding process, as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. rt-pcr and real-time pcr showed that the hllgm2 gene was expressed at a lower level during all phases of blood-feed ... | 2008 | 18222467 |
| an outbreak of tick paralysis in free-ranging mouflon (ovis ammon musimon). | during november 2006, two live and one dead mouflon (ovis ammon musimon) were presented with a history of weakness, tremors, and paralysis. after a detailed gross and histologic examination and a bacteriologic, parasitologic, and rabies evaluation, a preliminary diagnosis of tick paralysis was established. a thorough field search revealed 13 affected mouflons found in the open hunting ground "sveti juraj" near the town of senj (croatia), along with an additional 35 mouflon carcasses. all 13 mouf ... | 2007 | 18229866 |
| isolation of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from wild rodents, south korea. | to determine whether the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is present in vector ticks and mammalian hosts in korea, we examined two tick species, haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 548) and ixodes nipponensis (n = 87), and the lungs or spleens of rodents apodemus agrarius (n = 24) and wild boars (n = 16). tick-borne encephalitis virus was detected in samples by reverse transcriptase (rt)-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), after which tbev-positive samples were inoculated into bhk-21 cells an ... | 2008 | 18240970 |
| functional analysis of protein disulfide isomerases in blood feeding, viability and oocyte development in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | three protein disulfide isomerases from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks (designated as hlpdi-1, hlpdi-2, and hlpdi-3) were previously identified. in order to further analyze their biological functions, the dsrna of each hlpdi gene and one dsrna combination of hlpdi-1/hlpdi-3 were separately injected into female ticks. reduction of gene and protein expression of hlpdis by rna interference (rnai) was demonstrated by real-time pcr, rt-pcr and western blot analysis. in single dsrna-injected groups, ... | 2008 | 18252243 |
| investigations into the natural infection rate of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis with piroplasma using a nested pcr. | here we describe the natural infection rate in china of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis with four piroplasma species, namely theileria uilenbergi, t. luwenshuni, t. sinensis and babesia motasi. specifically, a nested pcr was designed based on 18s ribosomal rna genes and its specificity and sensitivity were established. the result showed that 62 flat adult field h. qinghaiensis ticks (27 females and 35 males) out of 136 (55 females and 81 males) were infected by one or more parasites. all 62 (45.6%) w ... | 2008 | 18273685 |
| hepatozoon ursi n. sp. (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) in japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | morphological and genetic features of a new hepatozoon species, hepatozoon ursi n. sp., in japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) were studied. schizogonic developmental stages were observed in the lungs of japanese black bears. the schizonts were sub-spherical in shape and 45.7+/-4.6 x 42.7+/-4.5 microm in size. each mature schizont contained approximately 80-130 merozoites and 0-5 residual bodies. the merozoites were 7.0+/-0.7 x 1.8+/-0.3 microm in size. intraleukocytic gametocytes w ... | 2008 | 18329332 |
| the tick fauna of sulawesi, indonesia (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae and ixodidae). | twenty-six species of ticks are reported from the island of sulawesi (celebes), indonesia. these include two species of soft ticks (argasidae), carios batuensis and c. vespertilionis, and the following 24 species of hard ticks (ixodidae): amblyomma babirussae, a. breviscutatum, a. cordiferum, a. fimbriatum, a. helvolum, a. testudinarium, a. trimaculatum, a. varanense, dermacentor atrosignatus, d. steini, haemaphysalis celebensis, h. hystricis, h. kadarsani, h. papuana, h. psalistos, h. renschi, ... | 2008 | 18427937 |
| detection of rickettsia spp. in haemaphysalis ticks collected in la rioja, spain. | in an attempt to know the potential risk of human disease after exposure to ticks in la rioja (north of spain), the objective of our study was to investigate the presence of rickettsia species in haemaphysalis ticks collected in our area. a total of 177 haemaphysalis spp. belonging to three species (h. punctata, h. sulcata, and h. inermis) were subjected to dna extraction and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting three rickettsial genes: glta, ompb, and ompa. six (3 h. inermis, 2 h ... | 2008 | 18454590 |
| a molecular survey of theileria and babesia parasites in cattle, with a note on the distribution of ticks in tunisia. | between october and november 2006, a total of 278 bovine blood samples were examined, and 104 (37.4%) were positive for piroplasms by microscopy. a reverse line blot hybridisation with polymerase chain reaction detected theileria annulata, t. buffeli, babesia bovis and b. bigemina in cattle accounting for 48.6% of positive samples. the most frequently found species was t. buffeli, which was present in 39.2% of the samples. t. annulata was found in 48 samples (17.3%). babesia infections were less ... | 2008 | 18458949 |
| a cysteine protease is critical for babesia spp. transmission in haemaphysalis ticks. | vector ticks possess a unique system that enables them to digest large amounts of host blood and to transmit various animal and human pathogens, suggesting the existence of evolutionally acquired proteolytic mechanisms. we report here the molecular and reverse genetic characterization of a multifunctional cysteine protease, longipain, from the babesial parasite vector tick haemaphysalis longicornis. longipain shares structural similarity with papain-family cysteine proteases obtained from invert ... | 2008 | 18483546 |
| babesia species occurring in austrian ixodes ricinus ticks. | babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease of veterinary and medical importance. the first austrian case of human babesiosis was recently recorded. in the current study, ticks at all life cycle stages (instars), including 853 ixodes ricinus and 11 haemaphysalis concinna ticks, from sampling sites throughout austria were examined for the presence of babesia spp. by using 18s rrna gene pcr and sequencing, and the overall mean infection rate was 51.04%. the infection rates for sampling sites were hig ... | 2008 | 18539787 |
| comments on the validity of haemaphysalis cinnabarina koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae), a taxon known solely by the type specimens from northern brazil. | the types of haemaphysalis cinnabarina koch and its junior synonym h. sanguinolenta koch, both from state of pará, brazil, have been studied. although h. cinnabarina has been considered a synonym of h. punctata canestrini and fanzago (a palearctic species), they were compared to another closely related species h. chordeilis (packard) (a nearctic species). based on the morphology and geographical distance among of h. cinnabarina, h. chordeilis and h. punctata, we are reasonably sure that all are ... | 2008 | 18554443 |
| identification of ticks and detection of blood protozoa in friesian cattle by polmerase chain reacton test and estimation of blood parameters in district kasur, pakistan. | the study was carried out to detect theileria annulata, the causative agent of theileriosis, and babesia bovis, the causative agent for babesiosis, in friesian cattle by pcr and conventional blood smear examination. one hundred blood samples obtained from diseased friesian cattle kept on private livestock farms at pattoki, district kasur, pakistan were collected in addition to 20 blood samples obtained from non-diseased animals. the disease manifestations observed clinically included high fever, ... | 2008 | 18575972 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, morocco. | a total of 370 ticks, encompassing 7 species from 4 genera, were collected during 2002-2006 from domestic animals and vegetation in the taza region of northeastern morocco. rickettsial dna was identified in 101 ticks (27%) by sequencing pcr products of fragments of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein genes of rickettsia spp. seven rickettsiae of the spotted fever group were identified, including 4 pathogens: r. aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicep ... | 2008 | 18598627 |
| two new species of african haemaphysalis ticks (acari: ixodidae), carnivore parasites of the h. (rhipistoma) leachi group. | two new tick species belonging to the african haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) leachi subgroup, namely h. (r.) colesbergensis n. sp. and h. (r.) oliveri n. sp., are described. haemaphysalis (r.) colesbergensis adults are easily differentiated from the other species of the h. (r.) leachi subgroup, including h. (r.) oliveri, by the spur on coxa iv, which is considerably longer than that on coxa iii. the adults of the 2 new species are equal in size, but the dental formula of the hypostome of h. (r.) col ... | 2008 | 18605788 |
| suppression of cell proliferation and cytokine expression by hl-p36, a tick salivary gland-derived protein of haemaphysalis longicornis. | previously, a putative immunosuppressant-coding gene was identified from a complementary dna library derived from the salivary glands of partially-fed haemaphysalis longicornis. using real-time polymerase chain reaction, the gene was shown to be predominantly expressed during blood feeding with the site of expression being mainly in the salivary glands; this was confirmed by western blotting analysis. to investigate the function of this novel protein, in this study, we examined the proliferative ... | 2009 | 18624730 |
| presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents in zhejiang, south-east china. | a molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate the presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) species in the forest areas of zhejiang province, south-east china. a total of 182 ticks of 6 species and 200 rodents of 8 species were collected and individually examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna by nested pcr targeting the 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer. forty-one ticks of four species, haemaphysalis concinna, haemaphysalis longicornis, rhipicephal ... | 2008 | 18628499 |
| coinfection with four genera of bacteria (borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia) in haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis ticks from china. | we studied coinfection with four genera of bacteria--borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia--in ticks collected between december 2005 and november 2006 from zhejiang province and liaoning province. four hundred fifty haemaphysalis longicornis and 86 ixodes sinensis ticks were collected and divided into 236 groups. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or nested pcr was used to detect the bacteria. the amplicons were sequenced and compared to published sequences. phylogenic analysis was perform ... | 2008 | 18637722 |
| ectoparasites of the ground squirrel (citellus citellus (l.)) in turkey. | a total of 100 ground squirrels, citellus (c.) citellus were trapped in rural regions of konya in order to determine the presence of ectoparasites. of these c. citellus examined, 16% (16/100) were infected with at least one ectoparasite species. two types of ectoparasites were found including 10% fleas and 7% ticks. only two flea species were found on c. citellus including nosopsyllus fasciatus 10% (10/100) and pulex irritans 1% (1/100). also, only two species of ticks were found on the c. citel ... | 2008 | 18645946 |
| spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks from southeastern spain natural parks. | during an 8-years study, we collected from vegetation or domestic and wild mammals 1246 ticks (624 males, 511 females and 111 nymphs) belonging to 13 species in jaen province (andalusia) and we analyzed these ticks by pcr and sequencing for the presence of rickettsiae. specific rickettsiae dna was detected in 243 (19.5%) of the ticks tested. sequence analysis of amplicons of glta, ompa and ompb genes revealed that ixodes ricinus were infected with r. monacensis, including strain irs3, and r. hel ... | 2008 | 18677442 |
| legumains from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis play modulatory roles in blood feeding and gut cellular remodelling and impact on embryogenesis. | the biology and vectorial capacity of haematophagous ticks are directly related to effective blood feeding and digestion. the midgut-associated proteases in ticks are involved in the blood (hb) digestion cascade, the molecular mechanisms of which are yet poorly understood. our previous studies indicated that haemaphysalis longicornis midgut-specific asparaginyl endopeptidases/legumains, hllgm and hllgm2, act in the hb digestion cascade. here, we investigated the potential of these enzymes in blo ... | 2009 | 18718474 |
| cloning and characterization of a cdna clone encoding troponin t from tick haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (acari: ixodidae). | troponin t (tnt) is a key protein for ca(2+)-sensitive molecular switching of muscle contraction. the entire cdna sequence of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis troponin t gene (hqtnt) from the hard tick was cloned here. the cdna sequence of hqtnt possesses an orf of 1170 bp coding for a mature protein with 389 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 46.5 kda. search of the cloned sequence in genbank revealed that hqtnt gene shared some homology with tnt genes of other organisms. by sequence compari ... | 2008 | 18722546 |
| tick vitellogenin receptor reveals critical role in oocyte development and transovarial transmission of babesia parasite. | a cdna encoding the vitellogenin receptor of the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis neumann (hlvgr) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna is 5631 bp, including an intact orf encoding an expected protein with 1782 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hlvgr cdna revealed two ligand-binding domains with four class a cysteine-rich repeats in the first domain and eight in the second domain similar to those of insect vgrs. the immunoblot analysis detected approximately ... | 2008 | 18756328 |
| prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in questing adult ticks from northern spain. | a total of 691 questing adult ixodid ticks of the genera ixodes, haemaphysalis, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, borrelia spp., and spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. ticks were collected by blanket dragging during 2 sampling years (2003-2005) in 10 recreational areas in the basque country (northern spain). adult ticks were collected every month of the ye ... | 2008 | 18759563 |
| a set of serine proteinase paralogs are required for blood-digestion in the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | we present evidence demonstrating that genes encoding enzymes essential for successful blood-feeding are differentially induced in the midgut of the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. three serine proteinase genes (hlsp, hlsp2 and hlsp3) isolated from h. longicornis midgut exhibit protein sequence similarity with other trypsin-like serine proteinases reported from arthropods and vertebrate animal species. the endogenous enzymes were mainly detected in the midgut epithelial cells and in the lum ... | 2008 | 18775510 |