| onychomycosis due to ulocladium botrytis. | a case of disto-lateral onychomycosis of the third toe of the right foot of a 45-year-old man is reported. the agent of infection was ulocladium botrytis, a mycete not hitherto reported to infect humans. the patient underwent mycological examination consisting of direct microscope observation and culture of pathological material. diagnosis was based on the macro- and microscopic characteristics of the colonies. fragments of the latter were also examined by scanning electron microscope. clinical ... | 2004 | 15310343 |
| 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. | a novel antifungal pyrazole derivative was synthesized. designated 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, the compound exerted an antifungal effect toward botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. in fact, our results clearly show that mycelial growth and conidial germination of both fungi were blocked by the compound. indeed, a 96-well microbioassay procedure was used for fast and easy evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). the mic values for ... | 2004 | 15337431 |
| fungicide activity through activation of a fungal signalling pathway. | fungicides generally inhibit enzymatic reactions involved in fungal cellular biosynthesis. here we report, for the first time, an example of fungicidal effects through hyperactivation of a fungal signal transduction pathway. the osc1 gene, encoding a map kinase (mapk) related to yeast hog1, was isolated from the fungal pathogen colletotrichum lagenarium that causes cucumber anthracnose. the osc1 knockout mutants were sensitive to high osmotic stress and showed increased resistance to the fungici ... | 2004 | 15341655 |
| different mechanisms participate in the r-dependent activity of the r2r3 myb transcription factor c1. | the r2r3 myb transcription factor c1 requires the basic helix-loop-helix factor r as an essential co-activator for the transcription of maize anthocyanin genes. in contrast, the r2r3 myb protein p1 activates a subset of the c1-regulated genes independently of r. substitution of six amino acids in p1 with the c1 amino acids results in p1(*), whose activity on c1-regulated and p1-regulated genes is r-dependent or r-enhanced, respectively. we have used p1(*) in combination with various promoters to ... | 2004 | 15347654 |
| single oligonucleotide nested pcr: a rapid method for the isolation of genes and their flanking regions from expressed sequence tags. | we report on the development of a new pcr technique for the isolation of genomic fragments that flank known dna sequences. this technique, single oligonucleotide nested (son)-pcr, relies on only two amplification reactions with two or three nested sequence-specific primers. it allows the isolation of dna regions located on either side of a known dna sequence, with high specificity. dna products of 2 kb in size can be generated that all contain one copy of the same primer at both ends. sequence a ... | 2004 | 15349749 |
| antifungal limonoids from the fruits of khaya senegalensis. | investigation of the fruits of khaya senegalensis resulted in the isolation of three new mexicanolide limonoids containing a rare conjugated diene lactone system named seneganolide a (1), 2-hydroxyseneganolide a (2) and 2-acetoxyseneganolide a (3). two known limonoids, 3-deacetyl-7-deacetoxy-7-oxokhivorin (4) and methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate (5), were also found. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. the antifungal activity of compounds 1, 3 and 5 w ... | 2004 | 15351110 |
| characterization of european wine glycerol: stable carbon isotope approach. | glycerol of about 170 european wines was analyzed using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry technique. (13)c/(12)c isotopic ratio measurements were performed to characterize glycerol's delta(13)c values of genuine wine samples from european union wine-producing countries. glycerol was also successfully dosed using an internal reference, 1,5-pentanediol. | 2004 | 15366840 |
| synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of fugomycin and desoxyfugomycin: cd spectroscopy and fungicidal activity of butenolides. | the dibromoalkenes (s)-3 and (r)- and (s)-4 are intermediates in the syntheses of the naturally occurring fungicidal butenolides fugomycin (1) and desoxyfugomycin (2), respectively. the stereoselective bromine-lithium exchange that leads to the carbenoid 12 and the vinyllithium reagent 17 a on the one hand, and palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of the dibromoalkene 3 and the bromolactone 22 on the other are key steps en route to the butenolides 1 and 2. the chiral building blocks (s)-3, (r) ... | 2004 | 15378637 |
| screening study for potential lead compounds for natural product-based fungicides: i. synthesis and in vitro evaluation of coumarins against botrytis cinerea. | an efficient, one-pot synthesis of angular and linear dihydropyranocoumarins, along with c-6 and c-8 prenylated coumarins is reported. these compounds, together with single- and furanocoumarins, were tested for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea pers ex fr. the results show that furanocoumarins may be able to control the fungus b cinerea. | 2004 | 15382508 |
| stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway is associated with systemic resistance induced in bean by a nonpathogenic pseudomonas strain. | systemic defense reactions induced in bean by the non-pathogenic pseudomonas putida btp1 strain reduced disease caused by botrytis cinerea. phenylalanine ammonialyase activity and the level of endogenous free salicylic acid were compared in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-treated versus control plants, but no significant differences were detected. furthermore, no enhanced fungitoxicity was detected in methanolic leaf extracts, suggesting that accumulation of bean phytoalexins was not part o ... | 2004 | 15384491 |
| bioactivity guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the liverwort bazzania trilobata (l.) s.f. gray. | a dichloromethane and a methanol extract of the liverwort bazzania trilobata showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi botrytis cinerea, cladosporium cucumerinum, phythophthora infestans, pyricularia oryzae and septoria tritici. bioautography on thin-layer chromatograms was used to isolate six antifungal sesquiterpenes: 5- and 7-hydroxycalamenene, drimenol, drimenal, viridiflorol, gymnomitrol and three bisbibenzyls: 6 ',8'-dichloroisoplagiochin c, isoplagiochin d and 6'-chloro ... | 2004 | 15451321 |
| anthraquinones isolated from cassia tora (leguminosae) seed show an antifungal property against phytopathogenic fungi. | the fungicidal activities of cassia tora extracts and their active principles were determined against botrytis cineria, erysiphe graminis, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita, pyricularia grisea, and rhizoctonia solani using a whole plant method in vivo and were compared with synthetic fungicides and three commercially available anthraquinones. the responses varied with the plant pathogen tested. at 1 g/l, the chloroform fraction of c. tora showed a strong fungicidal activity against b. c ... | 2004 | 15453672 |
| effect of treatment with trichoderma harzianum rifai formulated in invert emulsion on postharvest decay of apple blue mold. | conidia of trichoderma harzianum were formulated in invert emulsion (water-in-oil type) at a concentration of 6.0 x 10(7) conidia/ml of the formulation. treatments with conidia in the formulated emulsion and conidia in sterile distilled water were conducted to assess the effect on penicillium expansum link inoculated on apple fruits. comparisons were made with control treatments of an uninoculated emulsion and uninoculated distilled water. the t. harzianum-containing emulsion significantly (p <o ... | 2004 | 15454318 |
| antifungal activity of tagetes patula extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi: ultrastructural evidence on pythium ultimum. | methanol extract, obtained from tagetes patula plant, was assayed against three phytopathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium moniliforme and pythium ultimum. the antifungal activity was tested both in the dark and in the light, using two different lighting systems. the data showed that the extract proved to have a dose-dependent activity on all the fungi with a marked difference between treatments in the light than in the dark. good growth inhibition was observed in fungi only when these we ... | 2004 | 15462529 |
| the biosynthetic pathway to abscisic acid via ionylideneethane in the fungus botrytis cinerea. | the biosynthetic pathway to abscisic acid (aba) from isopentenyl diphosphate in the fungus, botrytis cinerea, was investigated. labeling experiments with (18)o2 and h2(18)o indicated that all oxygen atoms at c-1, -1, -1' and -4' of aba were derived from molecular oxygen, and not from water. this finding was inconsistent not only with the known carotenoid pathway via oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, but also with the classical direct pathway via cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate. the fungus p ... | 2004 | 15464154 |
| molecular phylogeny of the plant pathogenic genus botrytis and the evolution of host specificity. | the cosmopolitan genus botrytis contains 22 recognized species and one hybrid. the current classification is largely based on morphological characters and, to a minor extent, on physiology and host range. in this study, a classification of the genus was constructed based on dna sequence data of three nuclear protein-coding genes (rpb2, g3pdh, and hsp60) and compared with the traditional classification. sexual reproduction and the host range, important fitness traits, were traced in the tree and ... | 2005 | 15496556 |
| the bos loci of arabidopsis are required for resistance to botrytis cinerea infection. | three botrytis-susceptible mutants bos2, bos3, and bos4 which define independent and novel genetic loci required for arabidopsis resistance to botrytis cinerea were isolated. the bos2 mutant is susceptible to b. cinerea but retains wild-type levels of resistance to other pathogens tested, indicative of a defect in a response pathway more specific to b. cinerea. the bos3 and bos4 mutants also show increased susceptibility to alternaria brassicicola, another necrotrophic pathogen, suggesting a bro ... | 2004 | 15500471 |
| [germination of phytopathogenic fungi conidia]. | the autoregulation of conidium germination in phytopathogenic micromycetes of the genera fusarium, botrytis, and bipolaris was studied. it was shown that trichoderma longibrachiatum was less competitive than fusarium oxysporum after their simultaneous inoculation but inhibited the phytopathogen growth in the case of earlier introduction. in the latter case, no autoinhibition of the germination of f. oxysporum conidia occurred; moreover, cooperative effect was observed, i.e., the number of germin ... | 2004 | 15521169 |
| vpegamma exhibits a caspase-like activity that contributes to defense against pathogens. | caspases are a family of aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that play an essential role in initiating and executing programmed cell death (pcd) in metazoans. caspase-like activities have been shown to be required for the initiation of pcd in plants, but the genes encoding those activities have not been identified. vpegamma, a cysteine protease, is induced during senescence, a form of pcd in plants, and is localized in precursor protease vesicles and vacuoles, compartments associated with pcd ... | 2004 | 15530390 |
| allergenic fungi spore records (15 years) and sensitization in patients with respiratory allergy in thessaloniki-greece. | the prevalence of respiratory allergy to fungi spores (fs) is not precisely known but is estimated at 20-30% of atopic patients. there are no aerobiological records, necessary for respiratory allergy diagnosis and treatment, in thessaloniki and generally in greece. | 2004 | 15552717 |
| development of real-time pcr using minor groove binding probe to monitor the biological control agent candida oleophila (strain o). | a real-time pcr assay using a 3'-minor groove binding (mgb) probe was developed for specific detection and monitoring of candida oleophila (strain o), a biocontrol agent against botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum, on harvested apples. the application of the rapd technique on c. oleophila strains followed by reproducible sequence characterized amplified region (scar) amplifications allowed the identification of a semi-specific fragment of 244 bp, observed in the profiles of strain o and th ... | 2005 | 15567227 |
| coccinin, an antifungal peptide with antiproliferative and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from large scarlet runner beans. | an antifungal peptide, designated coccinin, with a molecular mass of 7kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling those of defensins, was purified from the seeds of large scarlet runner beans (phaseolus coccineus cv. 'major'). the peptide isolated was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose, and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and mono s. the peptide excerted antifungal activity on a number of fungal species including botrytis cinerea, coprinus comatus, fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalos ... | 2004 | 15572193 |
| atmyb32 is required for normal pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana. | atmyb32 gene is a member of the r2r3 myb gene family coding for transcription factors in arabidopsis thaliana. its expression pattern was analysed using northern blotting, in situ hybridization and promoter-gus fusions. atmyb32 is expressed in many tissues, but most strongly in the anther tapetum, stigma papillae and lateral root primordia. atmyb32-gus was induced in leaves and stems following wounding, and in root primordia by auxin. t-dna insertion populations were screened and two insertion m ... | 2004 | 15584962 |
| crosstalk in the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in arabidopsis: analysis of gene expression in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily by cdna microarray. | from arabidopsis full-length cdna libraries, we collected ca. 7000 (7k) independent full-length cdnas to prepare a cdna microarray. the 7k cdna collection contains 49 cytochrome p450 genes. in this study, expression patterns of these cytochrome p450 genes were analyzed by a full-length cdna microarray under various treatments, such as hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid), pathogen-inoculation ( alternaria brassicicola , alternaria alternata ), paraquat, rose bengal, ... | 2004 | 15604685 |
| the chromoplasts of or mutants of cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis). | the or mutation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) leads to abnormal accumulations of beta-carotene in orange chromoplasts, in tissues in which leucoplasts are characteristic of wild-type plants. or chromoplasts were investigated by light microscopy of fresh materials and electron microscopy of glutaraldehyde- and potassium permanganate-fixed materials. carotenoid inclusions in or chromoplasts resemble those found in carrot root chromoplasts in their optical activity and angular ... | 2004 | 15614485 |
| biosynthesis of abscisic acid by the direct pathway via ionylideneethane in a fungus, cercospora cruenta. | we examined the biosynthetic pathway of abscisic acid (aba) after isopentenyl diphosphate in a fungus, cercospora cruenta. all oxygen atoms at c-1, -1, -1', and -4' of aba produced by this fungus were labeled with (18)o from (18)o(2). the fungus did not produce the 9z-carotenoid possessing gamma-ring that is likely a precursor for the carotenoid pathway, but produced new sesquiterpenoids, 2e,4e-gamma-ionylideneethane and 2z,4e-gamma-ionylideneethane, along with 2e,4e,6e-allofarnesene. the fungus ... | 2004 | 15618629 |
| antifungal activity of limonoids from khaya ivorensis. | chemical investigation of the diethyl ether extract of the stem bark of khaya ivorensis a chev (meliaceae) afforded ten limonoids of angolensates, ring d-opened limonoids and mexicanolides. the structures of the limonoids isolated were determined by comparison of their (1)h and (13)c nmr data with those reported in the literature. these compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea pers. methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate and 3,7-dideacetylk ... | 2005 | 15619711 |
| thiobutacin, a novel antifungal and antioomycete antibiotic from lechevalieria aerocolonigenes. | a novel butanoic acid, thiobutacin (1), 4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxo-2-methylthiobutanoic acid (c11h13no3s), was isolated from the culture broth of a soil actinomycete, lechevalieria aerocolonigenes strain vk-a9. the structure of thiobutacin (1) was elucidated on the basis of the extensive 2d nmr spectral data including 1h-1h cosy, hmbc, hmqc, roesy, and noesy. thiobutacin (1) showed antioomycete and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic phytophthora capsici and botrytis cinerea and the yeast s ... | 2004 | 15620255 |
| fungal spores in the atmosphere of rzeszów (south-east poland). | continuous aerobiological monitoring has been conducted in rzeszów from 2000-2002, using the volumetric method. on each microscope slide 1 horizontal band was analyzed, divided into 24 fields corresponding to hours. for the analysis, 10 easy to identify fungal spores were chosen from ones regarded as allergenic: alternaria, botrytis, cladosporium, drechslera (type), epiccocum, ganoderma, pithomyces, polythrincium, stemphylium, and torula. the results were statistically tested using the chi2 test ... | 2004 | 15627338 |
| atmospheric concentrations of cladosporium spp. and alternaria spp. spores in zagreb (croatia) and effects of some meteorological factors. | the aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between meteorological conditions and alternaria and cladosporium spore concentrations in the air of zagreb in august 2002 and august 2003. these months were chosen because they represented climatic extremes. a 7-day vpps 2000 hirst volumetric pollen and spore trap was used for spore sampling. spores marked as 'others' (ascospores, basidiospores, epicoccum, ustilago, pithomyces, helminthosporium, stemphylium, torula, botrytis, didymella) were ... | 2004 | 15627341 |
| yeasts as biological agents to control botrytis cinerea. | yeasts, isolated from different sources, were identified and tested for inhibition using yma-mb plates seeded with botrytis cinerea strains. a total of 42 yeast strains of 20 different species were tested in vitro for antagonism against 18 pathogenic b. cinerea strains. pichia membranifaciens, p. anomala and debaryomyces hansenii displayed the most important inhibitory effect against botrytis strains. in small-scale trials, post-harvest application of p. membranifaciens cyc 1106 to apple wounds ... | 2004 | 15646379 |
| first report of a novel plant lysozyme with both antifungal and antibacterial activities. | a novel lysozyme exhibiting antifungal activity and with a molecular mass of 14.4kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds using a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography on poros hs-20. its n-terminal sequence was very different from that of hen egg white lysozyme. its pi was estimated to be above 9.7. the specific act ... | 2005 | 15649419 |
| identification of pathogen-responsive regions in the promoter of a pepper lipid transfer protein gene (caltpi) and the enhanced resistance of the caltpi transgenic arabidopsis against pathogen and environmental stresses. | the 5' flanking region of the caltpi gene, which encodes a basic lipid transfer protein, was isolated and characterized from the genomic dna of capsicum annuum. four different regions of the promoter sequence of the caltpi gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) coding region. in an agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay, the transcriptional activations of the promoter deletions were examined in tobacco leaves after infection with pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, and treatment ... | 2005 | 15654638 |
| expression of an alpha-1,3-glucanase during mycoparasitic interaction of trichoderma asperellum. | trichoderma species have been investigated as biological control agents for over 70 years owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. mycoparasitism, one of the main mechanisms involved in the antagonistic activity of trichoderma strains, depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. the antifungal activity of an alpha-1,3-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.59, enzymes able to degrade alpha-1,3-glucans and also named mutanases) has been ... | 2005 | 15654887 |
| quantification of allele-specific expression of a gene encoding strawberry polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) using pyrosequencing. | recent studies indicate that allele-specific differences in gene expression are a common phenomenon. the extent to which differential allelic expression exists might be underestimated, due to the limited accuracy of the methods used so far. to demonstrate allele-specific expression, we investigated the transcript abundance of six individual, highly homologous alleles of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein gene (fapgip) from octoploid strawberry (fragaria x ananassa). we applied the highly qua ... | 2005 | 15659106 |
| mites and fungi in heavily infested stores in the czech republic. | toxigenic and allergen-producing fungi represent a serious hazard to human food and animal feed safety. ninety-four fungal species were isolated from mite-infested samples of seeds taken from czech seed stores. fungi were isolated from the surface of four kinds of seeds (wheat, poppy, lettuce, and mustard) and from the gut and external surface of five species of mites (i.e., acarus siro l., 1758, caloglyphus rhizoglyphoides (zachvatkin, 1973), lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank, 1781), tyrophagus ... | 2004 | 15666776 |
| compartment-specific role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the response of tomato leaf cells to botrytis cinerea infection. | changes in aa-gsh cycle activity following botrytis cinerea infection were studied in tomato whole-leaf extracts as well as in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. the oxidative effect of infection affected all cellular compartments although mitochondria and peroxisomes underwent the most pronounced changes. apart from organelle-specific variations, a general shift of the cellular redox balance towards the oxidative state was found. it was manifested by the significant decline in concent ... | 2005 | 15668222 |
| seed-borne fungi and ochratoxin a contamination of dry beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in the republic of croatia. | the study was designed to identify seed-borne fungi on bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) crops grown in 13 counties of the republic of croatia and their association with ochratoxin a (ota) production. bean samples (n=45) were collected in croatia in 2001 shortly after the harvest and were stored at -20 degrees c for mycological and mycotoxin analyses. the most common fungi isolated were cladosporium spp. (98%) alternaria spp. (75%), aspergillus spp. (73%), rhizopus spp. (73%), penicillium spp. (69%), ... | 2005 | 15680678 |
| ups1, an arabidopsis thaliana camalexin accumulation mutant defective in multiple defence signalling pathways. | we report the characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, ups1, isolated on the basis of reduced expression of phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase, a tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme. ups1 also exhibits defects in a wide range of defence responses. after infection with pseudomonas syringae or botrytis cinerea, the expression of genes regulated by both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene pathways is reduced in ups1 compared with wild type. camalexin accumulation in ups1 is grea ... | 2005 | 15703055 |
| determination of pathogen-related enzyme action by mass spectrometry analysis of pectin breakdown products of plant cell walls. | an analytical approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the structural characterization and assessment of the degree of polymerization of cell wall pectin-derived oligosaccharides (pdos) in three regions of botrytis cinerea-infected tomato fruit tissue is described. the pdos were isolated from lesion centers (extensively macerated tissue), the area just beyond visible lesion margins, and healthy and intact tissue of an inoculated fruit, sampled at a distanc ... | 2005 | 15707937 |
| in vitro attachment of phylloplane yeasts to botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia homoeocarpa. | the ability of yeasts to attach to hyphae or conidia of phytopathogenic fungi has been speculated to contribute to biocontrol activity on plant surfaces. attachment of phylloplane yeasts to botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia homoeocarpa was determined using in vitro attachment assays. yeasts were incubated for 2 d on potato dextrose agar (pda) prior to experimentation. a total of 292 yeasts cultured on pda were screened for their ability to attach to conidia of b. cinerea; 260 ... | 2004 | 15714235 |
| identification of an antifungal chitinase from a potential biocontrol agent, bacillus cereus 28-9. | bacillus cereus 28-9 is a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from lily plant in taiwan. this bacterium exhibited biocontrol potential on botrytis leaf blight of lily as demonstrated by a detached leaf assay and dual culture assay. at least two chitinases (chicw and chich) were excreted by b. cereus 28-9. the chicw-encoding gene was cloned and moderately expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha. near homogenous chicw was obtained from the periplasmic fraction of e. coli cells harboring chicw by a puri ... | 2005 | 15715951 |
| signal transduction by tga3, a novel g protein alpha subunit of trichoderma atroviride. | trichoderma species are used commercially as biocontrol agents against a number of phytopathogenic fungi due to their mycoparasitic characterisitics. the mycoparasitic response is induced when trichoderma specifically recognizes the presence of the host fungus and transduces the host-derived signals to their respective regulatory targets. we made deletion mutants of the tga3 gene of trichoderma atroviride, which encodes a novel g protein alpha subunit that belongs to subgroup iii of fungal galph ... | 2005 | 15746364 |
| a novel pentacyclic triterpene from leontodon filii. | a novel oleanene triterpenetetrol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of leontodon filii. its structure was shown to be 2beta,3beta,15alpha,21beta-olean-12-ene-2,3,15,21-tetrol by chemical and spectroscopic methods. the fungicidal efficacy of the chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant was also evaluated, a protective effect being found against plasmopara viticola, botrytis cinerea, particularly powerful against pyricularia oryzae. | 2005 | 15752627 |
| resistance to air-born diseases and pests induced by compost in substrate cultivation of strawberry. | | 2004 | 15756844 |
| in situ development and application of cdna-aflp to isolate genes of candida oleophila (strain o) potentially involved in antagonistic properties against botrytis cinerea. | the yeast candida oleophila (strain o) presents a high level of protective activity against botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on postharvest apples. the cdna-aflp technique allows the comparison of mrna populations extracted from cells grown in different conditions. in order to isolate yeast genes potentially involved in biological control properties, that technique was applied on strain o cells growing on apple wounds. the biological control properties of 8 c. oleophila strains and strain o were ass ... | 2004 | 15756845 |
| biocontrol agents of botrytis cinerea tested in climate chambers by making artificial infection on tomato leafs. | to reduce the use of chemical agents, that are causing damage to the environment, in the fight against botrytis cinerea, different bca's were tested for their possibility to control botrytis cinerea in a biological way. in order to investigate the effectiveness of the different micro organisms and elot-vis, experiments were carried out in climate chambers with 5 weeks old tomato plants. leafs on the plant were inoculated with drops of a suspension that contained spores of botrytis cinerea. the p ... | 2004 | 15756850 |
| different products for biological control of botrytis cinerea examined on wounded stem tissue of tomato plants. | for the moment the agents that are used against botrytis cinerea, in glasshouses were tomatoes are cultivated, are from chemical origin. for reducing the use of chemical agents in the future it is important to search for effective biological control agents against the fight of botrytis cinerae. the following biological products vital pasta, vital gel and elot-vis were examined in there possibility to control botrytis cinerea. elot vis was tested out in experiments that were carried out in climat ... | 2004 | 15756851 |
| repercussion of the phytosanitary treatments on various models of foliage management in a cabernet sauvignon vineyard (i note). | this study is the first communication about the repercussion of several phytosanitary treatments in three different training systems, differently managed in foilage, in relation to the usual phytopatologies: botrytis, acid rot, grape mildew and oldium. particular attention to residuals of the products supplied on the foilage and present in ground and wine is paid. the considered foilage management systems are among those more spread and effective ones for a good quality wine production for caber ... | 2004 | 15756858 |
| signum, a new fungicide with interesting properties in resistance management of fungal diseases in strawberries. | signum, a new fungicide developed by basf, was applied during 6 successive years against fungal diseases in strawberries. the product is formulated as a water dispersible granule, containing 6.7 % pyraclostrobin and 26.7 % boscalid. pyraclostrobin is similar in chemistry to other strobilurin fungicides like kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin, registered for fruit disease control. boscalid belongs to the class of carboxyanilides. both components in the premix formulation combine two different bi ... | 2004 | 15756865 |
| [genetic analysis and relationship to pathogenicity in botrytis cinerea]. | botrytis cinerea is a plant-pathogenic fungus that produces the disease known as grey mould in a wide variety of agriculturally important hosts in many countries. ten strains from different locations collected on different years have been isolated and characterized by several methods (morphological, biochemical, genetical and molecular). results showed that clear morphological differences exist between strains, and showing a relationship between the presence of sclerotia and pathogenicity. the c ... | 2000 | 15762780 |
| [pathogenicity factors in botrytis cinerea]. | botrytis cinereais an important plant pathogenic fungi with a wide host range, which can make use of different infection mechanisms. although genetic variation for resistance to b. cinereahas been observed within some species, no gene-for-gene relationship has been found. the development of resistant genotypes is, therefore, complicated. any attempt to develop control strategies makes it necessary a detailed knowledge of both the fungal infection mechanisms and the plant defence mechanisms. the ... | 2000 | 15762781 |
| [some properties of bacillus subtilis strains active against rotting agents on strawberries and fruit]. | this work was aimed at the study of biological and genetic peculiarities of the strains bacillus subtilis 2/10 and 63z which were selected for protection of strawberries from botrytis fructigena and for apples under storage. the obtained strains were shown to possess a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and this activity was manifested at low temperatures specific for the agriculture production storage. these cultures were not toxigenic or pathogen ... | 2005 | 15765880 |
| malignant mimickers: chronic bacterial and fungal infections of the larynx. | chronic infections of the larynx are notorious "copycats" of squamous cell carcinoma. patients typically present with a historical picture and symptoms identical to those seen in a neoplastic setting: dyspnea, hoarseness, odynophagia, weight loss, and a history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. historically, these patients were subject to an extensive resection for what was in reality a benign disease. a better understanding and awareness of these conditions has reinforced the need for a direct lary ... | 2005 | 15766861 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas. | a series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. their structures were confirmed by ir, 1h nmr, and elemental analysis. the bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against gibberella zeae petch. in general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2a) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2b, 2c). in the ... | 2005 | 15769157 |
| favolon b, a new triterpenoid isolated from the chilean mycena sp. strain 96180. | a new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon b (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of mycena sp. strain 96180. favolon b showed antifungal activities towards botrytis cinerea, mucor miehei, paecilomyces variotii and penicillium notatum. no activities were observed against bacteria and yeasts. the structure of favolon b was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. | 2005 | 15813182 |
| the use of wavelength-selective plastic cladding materials in horticulture: understanding of crop and fungal responses through the assessment of biological spectral weighting functions. | plant responses to light spectral quality can be exploited to deliver a range of agronomically desirable end points in protected crops. this can be achieved using plastics with specific spectral properties as crop covers. we have studied the responses of a range of crops to plastics that have either (a) increased transmission of uv compared with standard horticultural covers, (b) decreased transmission of uv or (c) increased the ratio of red (r) : far-red (fr) radiation. both the uv-transparent ... | 2005 | 15819600 |
| arabidopsis ssi2-conferred susceptibility to botrytis cinerea is dependent on eds5 and pad4. | loss of a stearoyl-acp desaturase activity in the arabidopsis thaliana ssi2 mutant confers susceptibility to the necrotroph, botrytis cinerea. in contrast, the ssi2 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to pseudomonas syringae, peronospora parasitica, and cucumber mosaic virus. the altered basal resistance to these pathogens in the ssi2 mutant plant is accompanied by the constitutive accumulation of elevated salicylic acid (sa) level and expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (pr1) gene, the ina ... | 2005 | 15828688 |
| spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazards. | after harvest, vegetables are often spoiled by a wide variety of microorganisms including many bacterial and fungal species. the most common bacterial agents are erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium, xanthomonas campestris, and lactic acid bacteria with e. carotovora being the most common, attacking virtually every vegetable type. fungi commonly causing spoilage of fresh vegetables are botrytis cinerea, various species of the genera alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, colleto ... | 2005 | 15839403 |
| [identification of pcr markers associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in brassica oleracea var botrytis]. | the homology-based candidate gene method was used to identified the specific pcr markers linked to cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in cauliflower( brassica oleracea var botrytis.). searching the dna and protein data-base of ncbi , correlative genes or open reading frames were identified . analysis of biosoft, based on the conservative regions ,five primers were designed . among them, only primer p9/p10 produced a 313- bp specific fragment. identified by individual plant testing , analysis of rt ... | 2005 | 15843352 |
| fungal pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant systems of leaf peroxisomes from infected tomato plants. | peroxisomes, being one of the main organelles where reactive oxygen species (ros) are both generated and detoxified, have been suggested to be instrumental in redox-mediated plant cell defence against oxidative stress. we studied the involvement of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) leaf peroxisomes in defence response to oxidative stress generated upon botrytis cinerea pers. infection. the peroxisomal antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat, ... | 2005 | 15843961 |
| isolation and antifungal activity of kakuol, a propiophenone derivative from asarum sieboldii rhizome. | an antifungal substance active against colletotrichum orbiculare (berk & mont) arx was isolated from the methanol extracts of asarum sieboldii (miq) maek rhizomes. high-resolution ms, nmr and uv spectral data confirmed that the antifungal substance is kakuol, 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone. colletotrichum orbiculare was most sensitive to kakuol, with mic of 10 microg ml(-1). kakuol also completely inhibited the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea pers ex fr and cladosporium cucumerinu ... | 2005 | 15846774 |
| proteomic response of the biological control fungus trichoderma atroviride to growth on the cell walls of rhizoctonia solani. | trichoderma atroviride has a natural ability to parasitise phytopathogenic fungi such as rhizoctonia solani and botrytis cinerea, therefore providing an environmentally sound alternative to chemical fungicides in the management of these pathogens. two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to display cellular protein patterns of t. atroviride (t. harzianum p1) grown on media containing either glucose or r. solani cell walls. protein profiles were compared to identify t. atroviride proteins up-regu ... | 2005 | 15856359 |
| antifungal properties of surangin b, a coumarin from mammea longifolia. | the natural product electron transport inhibitor surangin b was examined for its ability to inhibit in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination in several species of fungi. as an inhibitor of mycelial growth, surangin b showed strongest activity against rhizoctonia solani (ic50 = 3.8 microm) and botrytis cinerea (ic50 = 11.2 microm). inhibitory effects were less pronounced in alternaria dauci, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium sp. (ic50 values > 30 microm) and absent in trichoderma harzianum ... | 2005 | 15856416 |
| mycotoxin-producing and other fungi isolated from grapes for wine production, with particular emphasis on ochratoxin a. | mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that have been detected in food commodities, including grapes and wine. a survey was conducted to assess mycotoxin-producing fungi in grapes destined for wine production. the mycotoxigenic capacity of the isolates was tested in culture media. grapes were analyzed by plating methods from 4 portuguese wine-growing regions at 3 maturation stages (pea berry, early veraison and ripe berry) between 2001 and 2003. from the 10,602 ... | 2005 | 15862450 |
| phaseococcin, an antifungal protein with antiproliferative and anti-hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activities from small scarlet runner beans. | from the seeds of small scarlet runner beans (phaseolus coccineus 'minor'), an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence homologous to those of defensins was isolated. the antifungal protein bound to affi-gel blue gel and mono s but it did not bind to deae-cellulose. it was further purified by gel filtration on a superdex peptide column. it exhibited a molecular mass of 5422 da as determined by mass spectrometry. the protein, designated as phaseococcin, suppressed mycelial growth in a numbe ... | 2005 | 15864329 |
| chemical characterization and antifungal activity of essential oil of capitula from wild indian tagetes patula l. | the essential oil extracted by steam distillation from the capitula of indian tagetes patula, asteraceae, was evaluated for its antifungal properties and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. thirty compounds were identified, representing 89.1% of the total detected. the main components were piperitone (24.74%), piperitenone (22.93%), terpinolene (7.8%), dihydro tagetone (4.91%), cis-tagetone (4.62%), limonene (4.52%), and allo-ocimene (3.66%). the oil exerted ... | 2005 | 15868213 |
| volatile c6-aldehydes and allo-ocimene activate defense genes and induce resistance against botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana. | green leafy volatiles or isoprenoids are produced after mechanical wounding or pathogen/herbivore attacks in higher plants. we monitored expression profiles of the genes involved in defense responses upon exposing arabidopsis thaliana to the volatiles. among the genes investigated, those known to be induced by mechanical wounding and/or jasmonate application, such as chalcone synthase (chs), caffeic acid-o-methyltransferase (comt), diacylglycerol kinase1 (dgk1), glutathione-s-transferase1 (gst1) ... | 2005 | 15879447 |
| physicochemical properties and bioactivity of fungal chitin and chitosan. | chitinous material was extracted from mycelia of aspergillus niger and mucor rouxii grown in yeast peptone dextrose broth for 15 and 21 days, respectively. the extracted material was characterized for purity, degree of acetylation, and crystallinity and tested for antibacterial and eliciting properties. the maximum glucosamine level determined in the mycelium of a. niger was 11.10% dw and in the mycelium of m. rouxii was 20.13% dw. on the basis of the stepwise extraction of freeze-dried mycelia, ... | 2005 | 15884813 |
| antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study. | in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ... | 2005 | 15889346 |
| vulgarinin, a broad-spectrum antifungal peptide from haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris). | from the seeds of haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris), an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on superdex 75. this peptide named vulgarinin manifested an antifungal activity toward fungal species such as fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola and botrytis cinerea, and an antibacterial action on mycobacterium phlei, bacillus megater ... | 2005 | 15896669 |
| the strawberry gene cyf1 encodes a phytocystatin with antifungal properties. | an est, encoding a strawberry phytocystatin (phycys) obtained from a developing fruit of fragariaxananassa cv. elsanta has been characterized. the corresponding gene (cyf1) had three introns interrupting its orf that codes for a protein (facpi-1) of 235 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide of 29 residues and an estimated molecular mass for the mature protein of 23.1 kda. this protein contains, besides a c-terminal extension, several motifs conserved in all members of the phycys sup ... | 2005 | 15897228 |
| n-benzoyl-n'-dialkylthiourea derivatives and their co(iii) complexes: structure, and antifungal. | n-(morpholinothiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s) and n-(piperidylthiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(13)h(16)n(2)os) and their co(iii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ftir and nmr methods. the complex co(c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s)(3), crystallizes in the triclinic space group p1, with z=2, and unit cell parameters, a=12.080(7)a, b=12.195(7)a, c=13.025(6)a, alpha=90.198(7) degrees, beta=95.721(7) degrees, gamma=106.426(9) degrees, v=1830.4(17)a(3). the antifung ... | 2005 | 15917085 |
| nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in tomato resistance. nitric oxide modulates hydrogen peroxide level in o-hydroxyethylorutin-induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in tomato. | nitric oxide (no) has been postulated to be required, together with reactive oxygen species (ros), for activation of disease resistance reactions of plants to infection with a pathogen or elicitor treatment. however, biochemical mechanisms by which ros and no participate in these reactions are still under intensive study and controversial debate. we previously demonstrated that o-hydroxyethylorutin when applied on tomato leaves (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. "perkoz") restricted botrytis cin ... | 2005 | 15922611 |
| an arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor, overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3, mediates resistance to infection by necrotrophic pathogens. | the mechanisms controlling plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens are poorly understood. we previously reported on ep5c, a gene shown to be induced by the h(2)o(2) generated during a plant-pathogen interaction. to identify novel plant components operating in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, we initiated a large-scale screen using arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of the h(2)o(2)-responsive ep5c promoter. here, we report the ide ... | 2005 | 15923348 |
| microbial contamination of cell cultures: a 2 years study. | cell line contamination is a major drawback of main cell banks of the world and it has cost of losing important biological products or valuable research. the causative agents are different chemicals, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, parasites, viral species and even other cell lines. in this retrospective study, cell lines from various species such as human, fish, insect, animals either offered or accessed through usual official accession in cgbri were studied during 2 years (2002-2004) to detect ... | 2005 | 15939285 |
| sesquin, a potent defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from ground beans with inhibitory activities toward tumor cells and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda and an n-terminal sequence highly homologous to defensin was isolated from ground beans (vigna sesquipedalis cv. 'ground bean'). the peptide was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and on mono s. it exerted an antifungal action on botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and mycosphaerella arachidicola; and an antibacterial action on escherichia coli b, proteus vulgaris, mycobacterium phlei and bacillus megaterium. the antimicrobial activity was inh ... | 2005 | 15949629 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a fructose specific transporter from the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. | in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea, spore germination and plant infection are stimulated in the presence of nutrients, in particular sugars. applied at micromolar concentrations, fructose is a more potent inducer of germination than glucose. to test whether preferred fructose uptake is responsible for this effect, and to study the mechanism of fructose transport in b. cinerea, a gene (frt1) encoding a fructose transporter was cloned. frt1 is highly similar to recently identified fructose t ... | 2005 | 15950157 |
| a combination of high oxygen atmosphere and equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging to improve the keeping quality of red fruits. | when high-barrier material is used to package fresh whole fruit in high oxygen atmospheres, shelf life is limited due to the accumulation of its produced co2 and its creation of an anaerobic atmosphere. in this study, the effect of the combination of high oxygen atmosphere and equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging was tested on the shelf life of two non-climacteric red fruits, particularly strawberries and raspberries, at 7 degrees c. herefor, the following packaging systems are compared: th ... | 2001 | 15954643 |
| evaluation of thin films of agarose on glass for hybridization of dna to identify plant pathogens with microarray technology. | agarose-coated glass slides, after activation, were spotted with amine-modified oligonucleotide probes using a manual eight-pin arraying device. two probes, designed to identify two common greenhouse fungal plant pathogens, didymella bryoniae and botrytis cinerea, were hybridized with polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fluorescently labeled dna extracted from pure culture and from diseased plant tissue. the probes easily distinguished these pathogens from each other without cross reaction ... | 2005 | 15958185 |
| evidence for viable but nonculturable yeasts in botrytis-affected wine. | in botrytis-affected wine, high concentrations of so2 are added to stop the alcoholic fermentation and to stabilize the wine. during maturing in barrels or bottle-ageing, an unwanted refermentation can sometimes occur. however, results of the usual plate count of wine samples at the beginning of maturing suggest wine microbial stability. the aim of this study was to investigate the mode of yeasts survival after the addition of so2 and to identify surviving yeasts. | 2005 | 15960668 |
| the g protein alpha subunit tga1 of trichoderma atroviride is involved in chitinase formation and differential production of antifungal metabolites. | trichoderma mycoparasitism includes recognition, attack, overgrowth and lysis of the host fungus accompanied by morphological changes and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. studying the underlying signal transduction pathways, the tga1 gene encoding a galpha subunit of trichoderma atroviride p1 was analysed. a deltatga1 mutant showed continuous sporulation and elevated internal steady-state camp levels. tga1 gene deletion resulted in a complete loss of mycoparasitic overgrowth and ... | 2005 | 15964222 |
| isolation of an n-alkylated benzylamine derivative from pseudomonas putida btp1 as elicitor of induced systemic resistance in bean. | root treatment of phaseolus vulgaris with the nonpathogenic pseudomonas putida btp1 led to significant reduction of the disease caused by the pathogen botrytis cinerea on leaves. the molecular determinant of p. putida btp1 mainly responsible for the induced systemic resistance (isr) was isolated from cell-free culture fluid after growth of the strain in the iron-poor casamino acid medium. mass spectrometry analyses performed on both the bacterial product and synthetic analogues revealed a polyal ... | 2005 | 15986926 |
| functional analysis of the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase gene bcbot1 of botrytis cinerea indicates that botrydial is a strain-specific virulence factor. | the micrographic phytopathogen botrytis cinerea causes gray mold diseases in a large number of dicotyledonous crop plants and ornamentals. colonization of host tissue is accompanied by rapid killing of plant cells ahead of the growing hyphen, probably caused by secretion of nonspecific phytotoxins, e.g., the sesquiterpene botrydial. although all pathogenic strains tested so far had been shown to secrete botrydial and although the toxin causes comparable necrotic lesions as infection by the fungu ... | 2005 | 15986930 |
| adsorption-desorption dynamics of cyprodinil and fludioxonil in vineyard soils. | cyprodinil and fludioxonil are new-generation fungicides that are employed to protect grapevines from botrytis and various rots. in this work, their adsorption and desorption dynamics in eight vineyard soils from galicia (northwestern spain) were examined in batch and column experiments. both fungicides exhibited linear adsorption isotherms, with more ready adsorption (greater kd) of fludioxonil. kd values for cyprodinil were significantly correlated with soil organic matter content (r 2= 0.675, ... | 2005 | 15998132 |
| erecta receptor-like kinase and heterotrimeric g protein from arabidopsis are required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. | arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina is complex and depends on the ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways. a quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of resistance to this fungus was performed using two populations of recombinant inbred lines. three loci qrp1-qrp3 (for quantitative resistance to plectosphaerella) were identified and mapped on chromosome 2 (qrp1 and qrp2) and 5 (qrp3). qrp1, the locus showing the strongest effect, was ... | 2005 | 15998304 |
| necrotizing activity of five botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonases produced in pichia pastoris. | five botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase enzymes (bcpgs) were individually expressed in pichia pastoris, purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. while the ph optima of the five enzymes were similar (approximately ph 4.5) the maximum activity of individual enzymes differed significantly. for hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid (pga), the v(max,app) ranged from 10 to 900 u mg(-1), while the k(m,app) ranged from 0.16 to 0.6 mg ml(-1). although all bcpgs are true endopolygalactur ... | 2005 | 15998308 |
| insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new synthesized chitosan derivatives. | chitosan, the n-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a potential biopolysaccharide owing to its specific structure and properties. in this paper, we report on the synthesis of 24 new chitosan derivatives, n-alkyl chitosans (nac) and n-benzyl chitosans (nbc), that are soluble in dilute aqueous acetic acid. the different derivatives were synthesized by reductive amination and analyzed by 1h nmr spectroscopy. a high degree of substitution (ds) was obtained with n-(butyl)chitosan (ds 0.36) at a 1:1 ... | 2005 | 15999339 |
| improvement of the fungal biocontrol agent trichoderma atroviride to enhance both antagonism and induction of plant systemic disease resistance. | biocontrol agents generally do not perform well enough under field conditions to compete with chemical fungicides. we determined whether transgenic strain sj3-4 of trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxa, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increased capabilities as a fungal biocontrol agent. the transgenic strain differed only slightly from the wild-type in sporulation or the growth rate. goxa expression occurred immediately ... | 2005 | 16000810 |
| mould and yeast flora in fresh berries, grapes and citrus fruits. | fresh fruits are prone to fungal contamination in the field, during harvest, transport, marketing, and with the consumer. it is important to identify fungal contaminants in fresh fruits because some moulds can grow and produce mycotoxins on these commodities while certain yeasts and moulds can cause infections or allergies. in this study, 251 fresh fruit samples including several varieties of grapes, strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, and various citrus fruits were surface-dis ... | 2005 | 16023239 |
| an antifungal protein from flageolet beans. | a protein with antifungal and hemagglutinating activities was isolated from dried flageolet beans (phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'flageolet bean'). the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose but adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-cellulose. the protein demonstrated antifungal activity against mycophaerella arachidicola with an ic50 of 9.8 microm, but was inactive toward fusarium oxysporum and botrytis cinerea. its hemagglutinating activity could not be inhibited by a variety of the sugars tested. t ... | 2005 | 16026901 |
| antifungal activity and biotransformation of diisophorone by botrytis cinerea. | diisophorone (1) was tested against two strains of the necrotrophic plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. fungal sensitivity varied according to the strain. b. cinera 2100 was more sensitive than b. cinereauca992: its mycelial growth was significantly inhibited at concentrations of 50 ppm and above. although diisophorone (1) showed an effective control of b. cinerea, a detoxification mechanism was present. the detoxification of racemic diisophorone (1) by b. cinerea was investigated. incubation with ... | 2005 | 16028992 |
| ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum. | a 15-kda antifungal protein, designated ganodermin, was isolated from the medical mushroom ganoderma lucidum. the isolation procedure utilized chromatography on deae-cellulose, affi-gel blue gel, cm-sepharose and superdex 75. ganodermin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. ganodermin inhibited the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and physalospora piricola with an ic50 value of 15.2 microm, 12.4 microm and 18.1 microm, respect ... | 2006 | 16039755 |
| anaphylaxis caused by cauliflower. | cauliflower is a vegetable belonging to the family cruciferae, genus brassica, var. botrytis. | 2005 | 16047720 |
| [cloning of acc oxidase gene and inhibition of endogenous gene expression with rnai in cauliflower]. | a fragment of 1202 bp of the candidate aco gene was amplified from the cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) genome using the degenerated primers which were designed according to the consensus sequence of aco amino acids among various plant species. the result of blast showed the sequence presented a very high match with the aco genes from other plants; the homologue was from 83% to 99%. three exons and two introns were identified in this sequence. the spliced length of mrna was 756 nt a ... | 2005 | 16078747 |
| guard cells: transcription factors regulate stomatal movements. | recent work shows that transcription factors are necessary for stomatal movements in plants. different members of the plant-specific r2r3-myb transcription factor family are required for mediating stomatal opening in response to light and stomatal closure in response to darkness. | 2005 | 16085479 |
| origin of (-)-geosmin on grapes: on the complementary action of two fungi, botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum. | one of the consequences of rot on grapes is the development of volatile compounds giving fungal, mouldy or earthy odours. among these compounds, (-)-geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol), a powerful aromatic compound with an earthy smell is a persistent defect in grape juice and wines made with at least partially rotten grapes. a microbiota analysis of rotten grapes containing (-)-geosmin was carried out on sites from four french regions from 1999 to 2002, to clarify the involvement in g ... | 2005 | 16096689 |
| screening study of lead compounds for natural product-based fungicides: antifungal activity and biotransformation of 6alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-beta-himachalene by botrytis cinerea. | eleven beta-himachalene derivatives were tested, using the poisoning food technique, for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. compounds 1-11 displayed moderate activity, whereas the 6,7-diol derivative (12) produced an inhibition of 91% after 6 days. the microbial transformation of 12 was investigated and yielded four new compounds hydroxylated at positions c-5 (13), c-2 (14), c-4 (15), and c-12 (16). the structures were established on the basis of thei ... | 2005 | 16104783 |
| sclerotinia sclerotiorum: when "to be or not to be" a pathogen? | sclerotinia sclerotiorum is unusual among necrotrophic pathogens in its requirement for senescent tissues to establish an infection and to complete the life cycle. a model for the infection process has emerged whereby the pathogenic phase is bounded by saprophytic phases; the distinction being that the dead tissues in the latter are generated by the actions of the pathogen. initial colonization of dead tissue provides nutrients for pathogen establishment and resources to infect healthy plant tis ... | 2005 | 16112822 |
| interactions between the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum and two types of sclerotia of plant-pathogenic fungi. | the interactions between pythium oligandrum hyphae and two types of sclerotia, i.e. the plano-convexoid sclerotium of botrytis cinerea and the tuberoid sclerotium of sclerotinia minor, were investigated by ultrastructural and cytochemical experiments. in the mycoparasitism of p. oligandrum, some differences in relation to sclerotium anatomy and the role of the rind layer in preventing invasion are documented. both types of sclerotia showed neither alterations of the heavily melanised rind walls, ... | 2005 | 16121563 |