| dietary probiotic compound improves reproductive performance of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected sows reared in a japanese commercial swine farm under vaccine control condition. | lactogenic immunity transferred to piglets after inoculation of a live vaccine to pregnant sows was proved limited to control porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). hence, here we evaluated the efficacy of administration of a probiotic compound containingbacillus mesentericus, clostridium butyricum, andenterococcus faecalistogether with a commercial live-attenuated ped vaccine (nisseiken ped live vaccine, nisseiken, tokyo, japan) to improve the health and reproductive performance of ped-infected sows. ... | 2017 | 29312349 |
| vaccination of sows with a dendritic cell-targeted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus s1 protein-based candidate vaccine reduced viral shedding but exacerbated gross pathological lesions in suckling neonatal piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) poses a serious threat to swine worldwide as evidenced by its recent introduction into the usa and the devastating economic impact it caused to the usa swine industry. commercial vaccines against pedv are available but their efficacies are inadequate. therefore, vaccines with improved efficacy are needed to effectively control pedv infections. we previously determined the immunogenicity of a novel dendritic cell (dc)-targeted pedv s1 protein-based subunit v ... | 2018 | 29300158 |
| identification of two antiviral inhibitors targeting 3c-like serine/3c-like protease of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are highly virulent and contagious porcine pathogens that cause tremendous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. currently, there is no effective treatment for prrsv and pedv, and commercial vaccines do not induce sterilizing immunity. in this study, we screened a library of 1000 compounds and identified two specific inhibitors, designated compounds 2 and 3, which target the prrsv 3c ... | 2018 | 29291994 |
| mathematical modeling of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus dynamics within a farrow-to-finish swine farm to investigate the effects of control measures. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious enteric disease in swine that can cause devastating economic damage to pig producers. japan was severely affected by ped epidemics from 2013 through 2015, with over 1000 farms were affected during this period. although many studies have unraveled pathological and molecular characteristics of ped virus (pedv), the mechanism for within-farm spread is largely unknown. here, we constructed a deterministic compartmental model to quantitatively de ... | 2018 | 29290292 |
| a rapid method for antigen-specific hybridoma clone isolation. | using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and limited dilution methods to screen and clone antigen-specific hybridoma cells is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. this work features a simple and rapid cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay (csfia), designed for the detection and isolation of antigen-specific hybridoma clones. in this assay, antigens are first anchored to the hybridoma cell surface through a dual-functioning molecular oleyl-peg4000-nhs. specific antibodi ... | 2018 | 29290124 |
| construction and immunogenicity analysis of lactobacillus plantarum expressing a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus s gene fused to a dc-targeting peptide. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is one of the most important causative pathogens of swine diarrhea, which is widely prevalent throughout the world and is responsible for significant economic losses in the commercial pig industry, both domestic and abroad. the spike (s) protein in the pedv capsid structure can carry the major b lymphocyte epitope, which induces production of neutralizing antibodies and provides immunoprotective effects. moreover, the conserved region encoded by the s gene ... | 2018 | 29288673 |
| differential gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor tlr and rig-i-like and downstream mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with pedv non s-indel and pedv s-indel strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strains can be divided into non-s-indel and s-indel strains. pedv pathogenesis is strain-specific, and studies in neonatal pigs have demonstrated that the pedv non-s-indel strains are more pathogenic than the pedv s-indel strains. rna viruses, including pedv, can interact with a large number of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in the intestinal mucosa, including toll-like receptors (tlrs) and rig-i-like receptors (rlrs). we investigated the differential ... | 2018 | 29249266 |
| structural basis for the inhibition of host gene expression by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp1. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), an enteropathogenicalphacoronavirus, has caused enormous economic losses in the pork industry. nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a characteristic feature of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, which exhibits both functional conservation and mechanistic diversity in inhibiting host gene expression and antiviral responses. however, the detailed structure and molecular mechanisms underlying thealphacoronavirusnsp1 inhibition of host gene expression remain unclear. ... | 2018 | 29237834 |
| altered gut microbiota profiles in sows and neonatal piglets associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a devastating cause of diarrhea in pigs worldwide. most of studies have focused on molecular and pathogenic characterization of pedv, whereas there were limited studies in understanding the role of gut microbiota (gm) in viral-associated diarrhea. here, using the illumina miseq platform, we examined and compared the impact of pedv infection on the gm of sows and their piglets less than 10 days old. our results showed that pedv caused alternations in the ... | 2017 | 29234140 |
| effectiveness of composting as a biosecure disposal method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)-infected pig carcasses. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an enteric disease of swine that has emerged as a worldwide threat to swine herd health and production. substantial research has been conducted to assess viability of the virus on surfaces of vehicles and equipment, in feed and water, and on production building surfaces, but little is known about the persistence in pedv-infected carcasses and effective disposal methods thereof. this study was conducted to quantify the persistence of pedv rna via quantita ... | 2017 | 29209511 |
| identification of a peptide derived from the heptad repeat 2 region of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) spike glycoprotein that is capable of suppressing pedv entry and inducing neutralizing antibodies. | heptad repeat (hr) regions are highly conserved motifs located in the glycoproteins of enveloped viruses that form a six-helix bundle structure and is important in the process of virus fusion. peptides derived from the hr regions of some viruses have also been shown to inhibit viral entry. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was predicted to have hr regions (hr1 and hr2) in the spike glycoprotein s2 subunit. based on this analysis, six peptides derived from hr1 and hr2 were selected, expresse ... | 2018 | 29203391 |
| the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein is adp-ribosylated. | adp-ribosylation is a common post-translational modification, although how it modulates rna virus infection is not well understood. while screening for adp-ribosylated proteins during coronavirus (cov) infection, we detected a ~55kda adp-ribosylated protein in mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-infected cells and in virions, which we identified as the viral nucleocapsid (n) protein. the n proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov and middle east re ... | 2018 | 29199039 |
| evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on aluminum surfaces under freezing conditions. | since its emergence in 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) spread rapidly throughout the country due, in part, to contaminated livestock trailers. the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide (ahp) disinfectant for inactivating pedv in swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. one 15.24 x 15.24 x 2.54 cm aluminum coupon, contaminated with swine feces, and randomly matched to one pig was the experimental unit. eight treatment gro ... | 2017 | 29191202 |
| type iii interferon restriction by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the role of viral protein nsp1 in irf1 signaling. | type iii interferons (ifns) play a vital role in maintaining the antiviral state of the mucosal epithelial surface in the gut, and in turn, enteric viruses may have evolved to evade the type iii ifn responses during infection. to study the possible immune evasion of the type iii ifn response by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a line of porcine intestinal epithelial cells was developed as a cell model for pedv replication. ifn-λ1 and ifn-λ3 inhibited pedv replication, indicating the anti- ... | 2018 | 29187542 |
| trypsin-independent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus us strain with altered virus entry mechanism. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a coronavirus that infects the intestinal tract and causes diarrhea and vomiting in older pigs or extreme dehydration and death that could reach 100% mortality in neonatal piglets. in the us, the first pedv outbreaks occurred in 2013 and since then us pedv strains have quickly spread throughout the us and worldwide, causing significant economic and public health concerns. currently two conditionally approved vaccines exist in the us, but there is no live ... | 2017 | 29178878 |
| hepatitis b core antigen based novel vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, which is a devastating viral disease and causes severe economic loss to the swine industry. current vaccine options for pedv include modified live viruses and killed live viruses. though these vaccines have shown efficacy, some have side effects including viral shedding. this report details an e. coli based expression and purification process of multiple vaccine candidates for pedv using hepatitis b core ... | 2018 | 29129402 |
| a novel duplex taqman probe-based real-time rt-qpcr for detecting and differentiating classical and variant porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses. | two different genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the classical and variant strains, are classified by multiple insertions and deletions in their s genes. it is critical to detect and differentiate two genotypes in the pork industry to prevent pedv outbreaks. in the present study, a novel duplex taqman rt-pcr was developed for detecting and differentiating pedv strains in china. there was no cross-amplification between the two probes when using standard recombinant plasmids, and ... | 2018 | 29104088 |
| poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle-entrapped vaccine induces a protective immune response against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) causes 80-100% mortality in neonatal piglets, and its causative agent, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), poses an important threat to the swine industry worldwide. in this study, we prepared biodegradable poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) nanoparticle-entrapped pedv killed vaccine antigens (kag) (plga-kag). late-term pregnant sows were intranasally inoculated with plga-kag, and the mortality resulting from challenge with highly virulent pedv was inv ... | 2017 | 29102169 |
| effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity. | the pig intestinal epithelium can be compromised by pathogens leading to reduced integrity and function. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), recently detected in north america, exemplifies intestinal epithelial insult. although several studies have investigated the molecular aspects and host immune response to pedv, there are little data on the impact of pedv on pig intestinal physiology. the objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of pedv on nursery pig intestinal ... | 2017 | 29102122 |
| cell attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain zhejiang08 provides effective immune protection attributed to dendritic cell stimulation. | since 2010, the porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (pedv) has caused significant damage to the global pork industry. however, classical pedv vaccine strains only provide limited protection against emerging strains. in this study, we successfully isolated and attenuated the pedv epidemic strain zhejiang08, which was characterized by good cell adaptation and high-titer production 48 h post infection in vero e6 cells. the attenuated virus induced a high level of virus-specific neutralizing antib ... | 2017 | 29100707 |
| characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through an animal food manufacturing facility. | new regulatory and consumer demands highlight the importance of animal feed as a part of our national food safety system. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the first viral pathogen confirmed to be widely transmissible in animal food. because the potential for viral contamination in animal food is not well characterized, the objectives of this study were to 1) observe the magnitude of virus contamination in an animal food manufacturing facility, and 2) investigate a proposed method, feed ... | 2017 | 29095859 |
| oral delivery of probiotics expressing dendritic cell-targeting peptide fused with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus coe antigen: a promising vaccine strategy against pedv. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), an enteric coronavirus, is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) that damages intestinal epithelial cells and results in severe diarrhea and dehydration in neonatal suckling pigs with up to 100% mortality. the oral vaccine route is reported as a promising approach for inducing protective immunity against pedv invasion. furthermore, dendritic cells (dcs), professional antigen-presenting cells, link humoral and cellular immune responses for ... | 2017 | 29068402 |
| complete genome sequence of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolated in belgorod, russia, in 2008. | we identified porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in stool samples from sick piglets in the belgorod region of russia. the complete coding genome sequence of 28,295 nucleotides (nt) of pedv was generated. compared to a prototype pedv strain (dr13), an extreme number of mismatches in the s gene were revealed. | 2017 | 29025931 |
| development of rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) causes acute and severe watery diarrhoea and dehydration, as well as 50-100 per cent mortality in piglets. for the pedv diagnosis, a rapid test kit that is specific and sensitive to pedv is critical to monitor this disease at pig farms. the present study aimed to develop an immunochromatographic assay (ica) strip test for detecting pedv in faecal swabs. the newly developed diagnostic test showed a detection limit of 104.0tcid50/ml of pedv. using faecal swa ... | 2017 | 28993477 |
| cross protective immune responses in nursing piglets infected with a us spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain and challenged with an original us pedv strain. | we investigated cross-protective immunity of a us spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) iowa106 (s-indel) strain against the original us pedv (pc21a) strain in nursing piglets. piglets were inoculated orally with s-indel, pc21a or mock. at 20-29 days post-inoculation (dpi), all pigs were challenged with the pc21a strain. the s-indel-inoculated pigs had lower ileal iga antibody secreting cells, serum iga and neutralizing antibody titers compared with pc21a-inoculated pig ... | 2017 | 28985754 |
| [advances in reverse genetics to treat porcine epidemic diarrhea virus]. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is one of the major etiologies responsible for the acute, highly contagious disease in the digestive tract of pigs, especially neonatal piglets. since pedv was first identified in europe in the late 1970s, it has resulted in significant economic losses in many asian swine-raising countries, including china. recently, reverse genetics techniques including targeted rna recombination, bacteria artificial chromosome system and in vitro ligation have been succes ... | 2017 | 28956377 |
| two novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) recombinants from a natural recombinant and distinct subtypes of pedv variants. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes devastating impact on global pig-breeding industry and current vaccines have become not effective against the circulating pedv variants since 2011. during the up-to-date investigation of pedv prevalence in fujian china 2016, pedv was identified in vaccinated pig farms suffering severe diarrhea while other common diarrhea-associated pathogens were not detected. complete genomes of two pedv representatives (xm1-2 and xm2-4) were determined. genomic com ... | 2017 | 28947336 |
| immunogenicity of egfp-marked recombinant lactobacillus casei against transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are the causative agents of highly fatal acute diarrhea in pigs, resulting in enormous losses in the pig industry worldwide. to develop an effective bivalent oral vaccine against tgev and pedv infection, the d antigenic site of the tgev spike (s) protein and the major antigen site (core neutralizing epitope-coe) of the pedv s protein were used as immunogens, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (e ... | 2017 | 28946696 |
| survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in thermally treated feed ingredients and on surfaces. | infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in young pigs. the virus made its first appearance in the u.s. in 2013, where it caused substantial neonatal mortality and economic losses in the u.s. pork industry. based on outbreak investigations, it is hypothesized that the virus could be transmitted through contaminated feed or contaminated feed surfaces. this potential risk created a demand for research on the inactivation kinetics of pedv in d ... | 2017 | 28932412 |
| efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant swinepox virus expressing the truncated s protein of a novel isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes significant loss to the swine industry. the emergence of novel pedv strains in recent years has decreased the effectiveness of pedv vaccines. we have developed a live recombinant vaccine, a swinepox virus vector that expresses a truncated s protein (rspv-st) from a recent pedv strain, sq2014, and evaluated its immunogenicity and effectiveness in a swine model. vaccination of swine with rspv-st elicited a robust antibody response specific for the homo ... | 2017 | 28916870 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus does not replicate in porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells, but activates the transcription of type i interferon and chemokine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) belongs to the alphacoronavirus of the coronaviridae. it is the major etiological agent of the recent outbreaks of piglet diarrhea and death in the us. limited knowledge is currently available regarding the role of dendritic cells in pedv infection. here, we observed that pedv did not replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells as evidenced by the decrease of viral gene transcript copies in infected cells by qrt-pcr and the absence of viral proteins by im ... | 2017 | 28888653 |
| cellular cholesterol is required for porcine nidovirus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are porcine nidoviruses that are considered emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens of pigs that pose a significant economic threat to the global pork industry. although cholesterol is known to affect the replication of a broad range of viruses in vitro, its significance and role in porcine nidovirus infection remains to be elucidated. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine wh ... | 2017 | 28884395 |
| ultrastructural characterization of membrane rearrangements induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is acoronavirus(cov) belonging to theα-covgenus and it causes high mortality in infected sucking piglets, resulting in substantial losses in the farming industry.covtrigger a drastic reorganization of host cell membranes to promote their replication and egression, but a detailed description of the intracellular remodeling induced by pedv is still missing. in this study, we examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using electron microscopy, the intrace ... | 2017 | 28872588 |
| restriction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by galectin-1. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes great economic losses to the swine industry globally; however, effective control measures for this virus are limited. here, we screened a porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cdna library with a yeast two-hybrid system to reveal that galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous innate immune protein encoded by lgals1, interacts with nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) of prrsv. western blotting and viral titer assays indicated that gal-1 overexpr ... | 2019 | 31383318 |
| identification of diverse bat alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in china provides new insights into the evolution and origin of coronavirus-related diseases. | outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002, middle east respiratory syndrome in 2012 and fatal swine acute diarrhea syndrome in 2017 caused serious infectious diseases in humans and in livestock, resulting in serious public health threats and huge economic losses. all such coronaviruses (covs) were confirmed to originate from bats. to continuously monitor the epidemic-related covs in bats, virome analysis was used to classify covs from 831 bats of 15 species in yunnan, guangxi ... | 2019 | 31474969 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis reveals antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of puerarin in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide in recent years. puerarin (pr), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the chinese herb gegen, possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. this study was conducted with both pedv-infected african green monkey kidney cells (vero) and neonatal pigs to determine the effect of pr on pedv infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by u ... | 2020 | 32174911 |
| integrin αvβ3 enhances replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on vero e6 and porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | the entry mechanism of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) remains unclear, especially the virus receptor. our previous study revealed a potential correlation between integrin αvβ3 and pedv infection. in the current study, the effect of overexpression, silencing, antibody inhibition, and co-expression with porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) of integrin αvβ3 on pedv infection was investigated and analyzed in african green monkey vero e6 cells and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) using t ... | 2019 | 31585640 |
| rapid selective detection of potentially infectious porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus exposed to heat treatments using viability rt-qpcr. | coronaviruses (covs) cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of the coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), a highly contagious intestinal disease affecting pigs of all ages. in this study, we optimized a viability real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) for the selective detection of infectious and heat ... | 2020 | 32973701 |
| structural basis of sars-cov-2 main protease inhibition by a broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral drug. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), took tens of thousands of lives and caused tremendous economic losses. the main protease (mpro) of sars-cov-2 is a potential target for treatment of covid-19 due to its critical role in maturation of viral proteins and subsequent viral replication. conceptually and technically, targeting therapy against mpro is similar to target therapy t ... | 2020 | 32905393 |
| low-level contamination of deoxynivalenol: a threat from environmental toxins to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly present in the global environment, especially in cereals and animal forages. the changing global environment may further increase the exposure to these toxins, posing a serious threat to humans and animals. recently, coronavirus has become one of the most important pathogens threatening human and animal health. it is not clear whether environmental toxins, such as mycotoxins, will affect coronavirus infection. given that p ... | 2020 | 32673909 |
| vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals. | the current pandemic of covid-19 has set off an urgent search for an effective vaccine. this search may well benefit from the experiences of the animal health profession in the development and use of coronavirus vaccines in domestic animal species. these animal vaccines will in no way protect humans against covid-19 but knowledge of the difficulties encountered in vaccinating animals may help avoid or minimize similar problems arising in humans. diverse coronaviruses can infect the domestic spec ... | 2020 | 32563608 |
| inactivating three interferon antagonists attenuates pathogenesis of an enteric coronavirus. | coronaviruses (covs) have repeatedly emerged from wildlife hosts and infected humans and livestock animals to cause epidemics with significant morbidity and mortality. covs infect various organs, including respiratory and enteric systems, as exemplified by newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the constellation of viral factors that contribute to developing enteric disease remains elusive. here, we investigated cov interferon antagonists for their contributi ... | 2020 | 32554697 |
| cloning, prokaryotic soluble expression, and analysis of antiviral activity of two novel feline ifn-ω proteins. | cats are becoming more popular as household companions and pets, forming close relationships with humans. although feline viral diseases can pose serious health hazards to pet cats, commercialized preventative vaccines are lacking. interferons (ifns), especially type i ifns (ifn-α, ifn-β, and interferon omega (ifn-ω)), have been explored as effective therapeutic drugs against viral diseases in cats. nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding feline ifn-ω (feifn-ω), compared to ifn-α and ... | 2020 | 32204464 |
| receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors block proliferation of tgev mainly through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. | emerging coronaviruses (covs) primarily cause severe gastroenteric or respiratory diseases in humans and animals, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. here, a9, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rtki) of the tyrphostin class, is identified as a robust inhibitor of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection in cell-based assays. moreover, a9 exhibited potent antiviral activity against the replication of various covs, including murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine e ... | 2020 | 31751591 |
| nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs. | virus infections possess persistent health challenges in swine industry leading to severe economic losses worldwide. the economic burden caused by virus infections such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine influenza virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine circovirus 2, foot and mouth disease virus and many others are associated with severe morbidity, mortality, loss of production, trade restrictions and investments in control and prevention practices. pigs can al ... | 2019 | 31694705 |
| identification of novel proteolytically inactive mutations in coronavirus 3c-like protease using a combined approach. | coronaviruses (covs) infect humans and multiple other animal species, causing highly prevalent and severe diseases. 3c-like proteases (3clpros) from covs (also called main proteases) are essential for viral replication and are also involved in polyprotein cleavage and immune regulation, making them attractive and effective targets for the development of antiviral drugs. herein, the 3clpro from the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, an enteropathogenic cov, was used as a model to identify novel cru ... | 2019 | 31690127 |
| coronavirus endoribonuclease activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus suppresses type i and type iii interferon responses. | identifying viral antagonists of innate immunity and determining if they contribute to pathogenesis are critical for developing effective strategies to control emerging viruses. previously, we reported that an endoribonuclease (endou) encoded by murine coronavirus plays a pivotal role in evasion of host innate immune defenses in macrophages. here, we asked if the endou activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (pedv), which causes acute diarrhea in swine, plays a role in antagonizing the ... | 2019 | 30728254 |
| dimerization of coronavirus nsp9 with diverse modes enhances its nucleic acid binding affinity. | coronaviruses pose serious health threats to humans and other animals. understanding the mechanisms of their replication has important implications for global health and economic stability. nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) is an essential rna binding protein for coronavirus replication. however, the mechanisms of the dimerization and nucleic acid binding of nsp9 remain elusive. here, we report four crystal structures, including wild-type porcine delta coronavirus (pdcov) nsp9, pdcov nsp9-δn7 (n-te ... | 2018 | 29925659 |
| status report on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the united states. | on 16 may 2013, the usda animal and plant health inspection service, national veterinary services laboratories reported the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the united states for the first time.this virus causes severe diarrhea and vomiting in young pigs. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus does not infect humans and is not a food safety risk.this virus is already found in many countries around the world, and there is no us official regulation of the virus and no export restrictions t ... | 2014 | 32288969 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) introduction into a naive dutch pig population in 2014. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the highly contagious, causative agent of an economically important acute enteric disease in pigs of all ages. the disease is characterized by diarrhea and dehydration causing mortality and growth retardation. in the last few decades, only classical pedv was reported sporadically in europe, but in 2014 outbreaks of pedv were described in germany. phylogenetic analysis showed a very high nucleotide similarity with a variant of pedv that was isolated in th ... | 2018 | 29981699 |
| preparation and characterization of a single-domain antibody specific for the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a diarrheal disease of swine caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). it is characterized by acute watery diarrhea, dehydration and vomiting in swine of all ages and is especially fatal for neonatal and postweaning piglets. the spike protein of pedv plays an important role in mediating virus attachment and fusion to target cells, and recent studies also reported that the neutralizing epitopes of the spike protein were mainly located in the s1 subunit, ... | 2019 | 31300902 |
| single-domain antibodies as promising experimental tools in imaging and isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | single-domain antibody (sdab) or nanobody possesses specific features non-accessible for conventional antibodies that make them suitable for research and biotechnological applications. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets, resulting in great economic losses all over the world. to detect and isolate pedv rapidly and accurately is important for the control and further research of the clinical pedv strains. in this study, four sdab fragments (sdab-mc19/29/30/37) ... | 2018 | 30143837 |
| coronavirus interactions with the cellular autophagy machinery. | the covid-19 pandemic, caused by the sars-cov-2 virus, is the most recent example of an emergent coronavirus that poses a significant threat to human health. virus-host interactions play a major role in the viral life cycle and disease pathogenesis, and cellular pathways such as macroautophagy/autophagy prove to be either detrimental or beneficial to viral replication and maturation. here, we describe the literature over the past twenty years describing autophagy-coronavirus interactions. there ... | 2020 | 32964796 |
| prevalence and genomic characteristics of a novel reassortment mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 in diarrhea piglets in sichuan, china. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), which can infect almost all mammals, is a zoonotic virus. in this study, six strains of type 2 mrv (mrv2) were isolated from 7 diarrhea piglets from a farm that had an outbreak of diarrhea in piglets in 2018, which tested negative for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and porcine group a rotavirus (rav). the mrv2 isolate infected neonatal piglets, in which it induced severe ... | 2020 | 32544614 |
| evaluating the risk factors for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in an endemic area of vietnam. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes enteritis, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and high mortality in suckling pigs, threatening the swine industry. porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) re-emerged globally in 2013 in many important swine-producing countries in asia and the americas. several studies have identified the risk factors for the spread of pedv in acute outbreaks. however, limited information is available on the risk factors for the transmission of pedv in endemic regions. we hypothesize ... | 2020 | 32851018 |
| several lineages of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in colombia during the 2014 and 2016 epidemic. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a significant global, enteric coronavirus in pigs and was first reported in colombia in 2014. however, the epidemiology, genetic, and antigenic characteristics of the virus have yet to be investigated. in this study, we investigated the dissemination of pedv by testing 536 samples by rt-pcr over a 33-month period. the 35.8% of positive samples (n=192) was significantly different (p<0.01) between months over time, with a higher number of positives samples ... | 2020 | 33155439 |
| epithelial-mesenchymal transition of absorptive enterocytes and depletion of peyer's patch m cells after pedv infection. | this study focused on intestinal restitution including phenotype switching of absorptive enterocytes and the abundance of different enterocyte subtypes in weaned pigs after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection. at 10 days post-pedv-inoculation, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in both jejunum and ileum had restored, and the pedv antigen was not detectable. however, enterocytes at the villus tips revealed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) in the jejunum in which e-cadhe ... | 2020 | 33059319 |
| alterations in intestinal innate mucosal immunity of weaned pigs during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | in the small intestine, localized innate mucosal immunity is critical for intestinal homeostasis. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection induces villus injury and impairs digestive function. moreover, the infection might comprise localized innate mucosal immunity. this study investigated specific enterocyte subtypes and innate immune components of weaned pigs during pedv infection. four-week-old pigs were orally inoculated with pedv in19338 strain (n = 40) or sham-inoculated (n = 24). ... | 2020 | 32880235 |
| host factors affecting generation of immunity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pregnant and lactating swine and passive protection of neonates. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly virulent re-emerging enteric coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea, dehydration, and up to 100% mortality in neonatal suckling piglets. despite this, a safe and effective pedv vaccine against highly virulent strains is unavailable, making pedv prevention and control challenging. lactogenic immunity induced via the gut-mammary gland-secretory iga (siga) axis, remains the most promising and effective way to protect suckling piglets from pedv. the ... | 2020 | 32085410 |
| surface-displayed porcine ifn-λ3 in lactobacillus plantarum inhibits porcine enteric coronavirus infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | interferon (ifn)-λ plays an essential role in mucosal cells which exhibit strong antiviral activity. lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) has substantial application potential in the food and medical industries because of its probiotic properties. alphacoronaviruses, especially porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), cause high morbidity and mortality in piglets resulting in economic loss. co-infection by these two viruses is becoming increasingly ... | 2020 | 31838830 |
| rapid manipulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome by crispr/cas9 technology. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus causing lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. reverse genetics is a valuable tool to study the functions of viral genes and to generate vaccine candidates. in this study, a full-length infectious cdna clone of the highly virulent pedv strain aj1102 was assembled in a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). the rescued virus (raj1102) exhibited similar proliferation characteristics in vitro to the wildtype aj11 ... | 2020 | 31712093 |
| a minimally replicative vaccine protects vaccinated piglets against challenge with the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), is an economically important enteric coronavirus, with over a 90% mortality rate in neonatal piglets. the virus emerged in the us in 2013, resulting in severe production losses. effective vaccine development against pedv is a challenge. inactivated vaccines are of questionable efficacy. attenuated vaccines, while more effective, require a relatively long lead development time, are associated with safety concerns and are also unable to prevent new field out ... | 2019 | 31696121 |
| recombinant chimeric transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) - porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) virus provides protection against virulent pedv. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an enteric coronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in porcine herds worldwide. although both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used, the emergence of highly virulent strains and the recurrent outbreaks even in vaccinated farms highlight the need of effective vaccines. engineering of genetically defined live attenuated vaccines is a rational approach for novel vaccine development. in this line, we engineered an attenu ... | 2019 | 31349683 |
| susceptibility of porcine ipi-2i intestinal epithelial cells to infection with swine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronavirus (cov) is an important group of pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets. at least four kinds of swine enteric covs have been identified, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and the emerging hku2-like porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (peav). the small intestines, particularly the jejunum and ileum, are the most common targets of these four covs in vivo, and co-infections by these cov ... | 2019 | 31176408 |
| a taqman-probe-based multiplex real-time rt-qpcr for simultaneous detection of porcine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronaviruses are a group of most significant pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets with similar clinical symptoms and pathological changes. to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, and high-throughput detection method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis on swine enteric coronaviruses, specific primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved regions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) n, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) m, porcine deltacoronavirus ( ... | 2019 | 31025076 |
| significant inhibition of re-emerged and emerging swine enteric coronavirus in vitro using the multiple shrna expression vector. | swine enteric coronaviruses (secovs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) have emerged and been prevalent in pig populations in china for the last several years. however, current traditional inactivated and attenuated pedv vaccines are of limited efficacy against circulating pedv variants, and there are no commercial vaccines for prevention of pdcov and sads-cov. rna interference (rnai) is a ... | 2019 | 30905822 |
| porcine intestinal enteroids: a new model for studying enteric coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection and the host innate response. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of the group of alphacoronaviruses, is the pathogen of a highly contagious gastrointestinal swine disease. the elucidation of the events associated with the intestinal epithelial response to pedv infection has been limited by the absence of good in vitro porcine intestinal models that recapitulate the multicellular complexity of the gastrointestinal tract. here, we generated swine enteroids from the intestinal crypt stem cells of the duodenum, jej ... | 2019 | 30541861 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus deficient in rna cap guanine-n-7 methylation is attenuated and induces higher type i and iii interferon responses. | the 5' cap methylation of viral rna plays important roles in rna stability, efficient translation, and immune evasion. thus, rna cap methylation is an attractive target for antiviral discovery and development of new live attenuated vaccines. for coronaviruses, rna cap structure is first methylated at the guanine-n-7 (g-n-7) position by nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14), which facilitates and precedes the subsequent ribose 2'-o methylation by the nsp16-nsp10 complex. using porcine epidemic diarrhe ... | 2020 | 32461321 |
| a conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence. | coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded rna viruses that are distributed worldwide. they include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), many of which seriously endanger human health and well-being. only alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses harbor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), which performs multip ... | 2019 | 31350335 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus in sichuan province, china. | in order to understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) in diarrhoeal pigs in sichuan province, 634 clinical samples were collected from individual pigs with diarrhoea in 13 regions of sichuan province, china, from january 2017 and june 2019. the detection results showed that the infection rate of pdcov was relatively low in diarrhoeal pigs, 13.25% (84/634), but the infection rate of pedv (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) was high, 32.18% (204/634). coinfe ... | 2020 | 32892248 |
| postweaning mortality in commercial swine production ii: review of infectious contributing factors. | postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. in the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. while infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stra ... | 2020 | 32705048 |
| microfluidic-rt-lamp chip for the point-of-care detection of emerging and re-emerging enteric coronaviruses in swine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (sads-cov) are three emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses (covs). symptoms caused by these three viruses are extremely similar, including acute diarrhea, vomiting and even death in piglets. to date, strict biosecurity is still the most effective disease prevention and control measures, and the early detection of pathogens is the most important link. here, we developed a micro ... | 2020 | 32674781 |
| agrodiag porcov: a multiplex immunoassay for the differential diagnosis of porcine enteric coronaviruses. | three different porcine enteric coronaviruses (pecs), i.e., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are currently circulating in u.s. commercial swine herds. differential diagnosis of pecs relies on laboratory methods. this study describes the development of an elisa-like multiplex planar immunoassay based on virus-specific recombinant s1 proteins printed in an array of spots at the bottom of a 96-well microplate for ... | 2020 | 32562689 |
| development of a taqman-probe-based multiplex real-time pcr for the simultaneous detection of emerging and reemerging swine coronaviruses. | with the outbreak of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in 2019, coronaviruses have become a global research hotspot in the field of virology. coronaviruses mainly cause respiratory and digestive tract diseases, several coronaviruses are responsible for porcine diarrhea, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and emerging swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov). those viruses have caused huge economic lo ... | 2020 | 32490723 |
| replicative capacity of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in primary bovine mesenchymal cells. | unlike porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) that infects only pigs, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has the capacity to infect different animal species. in vivo gnotobiotic calves were previously confirmed to be susceptible to infection with pdcov, but not with pedv. we next investigated in vitro whether primary bovine cells are susceptible to pdcov or pedv infection. we conducted quantification of viral rna in cell culture supernatants and immunofluorescent staining for the detection of pdco ... | 2020 | 32402338 |
| rapid and visual detection of porcine deltacoronavirus by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly emerging coronavirus that was first identified in 2012 in hong kong, china. since then, pdcov has subsequently been reported worldwide, causing a high number of neonatal piglet deaths and significant economic losses to the swine industry. therefore, it is necessary to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid diagnosis of pdcov. | 2020 | 32381014 |
| detecting and monitoring porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, an underresearched betacoronavirus. | members of family coronaviridae cause a variety of diseases in birds and mammals. porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (phev), a lesser-researched coronavirus, can infect naive pigs of any age, but clinical disease is observed in pigs ≤4 weeks of age. no commercial phev vaccines are available, and neonatal protection from phev-associated disease is presumably dependent on lactogenic immunity. although subclinical phev infections are thought to be common, phev ecology in commercial sw ... | 2020 | 32376700 |
| trypsin promotes porcine deltacoronavirus mediating cell-to-cell fusion in a cell type-dependent manner. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly emerging threat to the global porcine industry. pdcov has been successfully isolated using various medium additives including trypsin, and although we know it is important for viral replication, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. here, we systematically investigated the role of trypsin in pdcov replication including cell entry, cell-to-cell membrane fusion and virus release. using pseudovirus entry assays, we demonstrated that pdcov entry is ... | 2020 | 32090689 |
| the use of cells from anpep knockout pigs to evaluate the role of aminopeptidase n (apn) as a receptor for porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov). | the coronaviruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) represent important sources of neonatal diarrhea on pig farms. the requirement for aminopeptidase n (apn) as a receptor for tgev, but not for pedv, is well established. in this study, the biological relevance of apn as a receptor for pdcov was tested by using crispr/cas9 to knockout the apn gene, anpep, in pigs. porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) from anpep ... | 2020 | 32056711 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine diarrhea associated viruses in southern china from 2012 to 2018. | in china, large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea caused by viruses have occurred in pigs since late 2010. to investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, a total of 2987 field diarrheal samples collected from 168 pig farms in five provinces in southern china during 2012-2018 were tested. | 2019 | 31881873 |
| nucleocapsid proteins from other swine enteric coronaviruses differentially modulate pedv replication. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) share tropism for swine intestinal epithelial cells. whether mixing of viral components during co-infection alters pathogenic outcomes or viral replication is not known. in this study, we investigated how different coronavirus nucleocapsid (cov n) proteins interact and affect pedv replication. we found that pdcov n and tgev n can competitively interact with pedv n. however, the ... | 2020 | 31756532 |
| dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based real-time rt-pcr assay for accurate differentiation of four major viruses causing porcine viral diarrhea. | currently in china, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine rotavirus (porv), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are the major causes of porcine viral diarrhea, and mixed infections in clinics are common, resulting in significant economic losses in pig industry. here, a dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based multiplex real-time sybr green rt-pcr assay were developed for accurately differentiating pedv, tgev, porv, and pdcov in clinical spec ... | 2019 | 31415867 |
| pedv and pdcov pathogenesis: the interplay between host innate immune responses and porcine enteric coronaviruses. | enteropathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), members of the coronavirus family, account for the majority of lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs in the past decade. these two viruses pose significant economic and public health burdens, even as both continue to emerge and reemerge worldwide. the ability to evade, circumvent or subvert the host's first line of defense, namely the innate immune system, is the key determinant for pathogen virulence ... | 2019 | 30854373 |
| emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (sads-cov) are emerging/reemerging coronaviruses (covs). they cause acute gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. sequence analyses suggest that pedv and sads-cov may have originated from bat covs and pdcov from a sparrow cov, reaffirming the interspecies transmission of covs. the clinical signs and pathogenesis of the three viruses are similar. necrosis of infected intestinal epi ... | 2019 | 30654269 |
| molecular evolution of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus strains in central china. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are epizootic swine viruses. to detect and study the evolution of pedv and pdcov in central china (shanxi, henan, hubei province), 70 clinical intestinal and fecal samples from piglets with severe watery diarrhea during august 2015 and june 2016 were collected, tested and analyzed. pedv was more frequently detected by pcr than pdcov. phylogenetic analysis of s genes showed that the 10 pedv strains from this study cluster ... | 2018 | 30265872 |
| detection, sequence analysis, and antibody prevalence of porcine deltacoronavirus in taiwan. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was initially documented in hong kong and later in the united states, south korea, and thailand. to investigate if pdcov is also present in taiwan, three swine coronaviruses-pdcov, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev)-were tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) in 172 rectal swab samples from piglets exhibiting diarrhea between january 2016 and may 2017 on 68 pig far ... | 2018 | 30051342 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus not detected in waterfowl in the north american mississippi migratory bird flyway in 2013. | cloacal swab samples collected from 538 migratory waterfowl along the mississippi migratory bird flyway in 2013 were tested for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus. neither virus was detected in any of the samples, indicating that waterfowl likely did not contribute to the rapid spread of these viruses within central us. | 2019 | 29953312 |
| development of a real time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (rt-lamp) for detection of a novel swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov). | a novel swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov) that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets was identified in southern china in 2017. a simple and rapid detection test was developed for this virus using real-time rt-lamp based on the conserved n gene of the virus. the method had a detection limit of 1.0 × 101 copies/μl with no cross-reactions with classical swine fever virus, porcine and respiratory syndrome virus na, porcine and respiratory syndrome virus eu, transmissible gast ... | 2018 | 29936095 |
| sars-cov-2 rna in wastewater anticipated covid-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused more than 200,000 reported covid-19 cases in spain resulting in more than 20,800 deaths as of april 21, 2020. faecal shedding of sars-cov-2 rna from covid-19 patients has extensively been reported. therefore, we investigated the occurrence of sars-cov-2 rna in six wastewater treatments plants (wwtps) serving the major municipalities within the region of murcia (spain), the area with the lowest covid-19 prevalence within iber ... | 2020 | 32425251 |
| viral variant visualizer (vvv): a novel bioinformatic tool for rapid and simple visualization of viral genetic diversity. | here a bioinformatic pipeline vvv has been developed to analyse viral populations in a given sample from next generation sequencing (ngs) data. to date, handling large amounts of data from ngs requires the expertise of bioinformaticians, both for data processing and result analysis. consequently, vvv was designed to help non-bioinformaticians to perform these tasks. by providing only the ngs data file, the developed pipeline generated consensus sequences and determined the composition of the vir ... | 2020 | 33080244 |
| serological screening for coronavirus infections in cats. | coronaviruses (covs) are widespread among mammals and birds and known for their potential for cross-species transmission. in cats, infections with feline coronaviruses (fcovs) are common. several non-feline coronaviruses have been reported to infect feline cells as well as cats after experimental infection, supported by their ability to engage the feline receptor ortholog for cell entry. however, whether cats might become naturally infected with covs of other species is unknown. we analyzed coro ... | 2019 | 31412572 |
| role of porcine aminopeptidase n and sialic acids in porcine coronavirus infections in primary porcine enterocytes. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) have been reported to use aminopeptidase n (apn) as a cellular receptor. recently, the role of apn as a receptor for pedv has been questioned. in our study, the role of apn in pedv and tgev infections was studied in primary porcine enterocytes. after seven days of cultivation, 89% of enterocytes presented microvilli and showed a two- to five-fold higher susceptibility to pedv and tgev. a significant increase of ... | 2020 | 32260595 |
| establishment of method for dual simultaneous detection of pedv and tgev by combination of magnetic micro-particles and nanoparticles. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in pig, mixed infections of these two viruses are very common in intensive pig rearing. however, there is a lack of a method to simultaneously detect and distinguish pedv and tgev in preclinical levels. in this study, we aimed to establish a dual ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay (dual undp-pcr) based on functionalized magnetic bead enrichment an ... | 2020 | 32147375 |
| identification and characterization of linear b cell epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using monoclonal antibodies. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the most important pathogen causing severe diarrhea in piglets, is a highly conserved structural protein. in this study, 5 monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against the pedv n-protein were prepared and identified. three new epitopes, 56qirwrmrrgeri67, 318gyaqiaslapnvaallfggnva vre342 and 398heeaiyddv406, were firstly identified in the viral n-protein, by using mcabs 3f10, 6a11, and 1c9. the epitope 398heeaiyddv406 was deleted in ... | 2020 | 32142743 |
| structural basis for inhibiting porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication with the 3c-like protease inhibitor gc376. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), being highly virulent and contagious in piglets, has caused significant damage to the pork industries of many countries worldwide. there are no commercial drugs targeting coronaviruses (covs), and few studies on anti-pedv inhibitors. the coronavirus 3c-like protease (3clpro) has a conserved structure and catalytic mechanism and plays a key role during viral polyprotein processing, thus serving as an appealing antiviral drug target. here, we report the anti ... | 2020 | 32098094 |
| mortalin restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry by downregulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a mechanism used for the invasion of cells by a variety of viruses. mortalin protein is involved in a variety of cellular functions and plays a role in viral infection. in this study, we found that mortalin significantly inhibited the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through restricting virus entry. mechanistically, a biochemical interaction between the carboxyl terminus of mortalin and clathrin heavy chain (cltc) was been found, and mortalin ... | 2019 | 31767073 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrheic and non-diarrheic samples from pig farms with neonatal diarrhea in the north east of spain. | diarrhea is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality in pigs. in the present study, 31 pig farms with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea were investigated in catalonia (ne spain) from february 2017 until june 2018. two hundred and fifteen diarrheic samples from 1 to 7 days old piglets were tested for a panel of enteric pathogens. in 19 of the studied farms additional fecal samples from apparently healthy pen-mates were collected and tested for the same panel of infectious agents. samples were b ... | 2019 | 31585655 |
| aminopeptidase n-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. the major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithel ... | 2019 | 31515498 |
| cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol. | cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) has been shown lately to be a host restriction factor that encodes an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidized form of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc). a series of studies have shown that 25hc activity in hosts plays a vital role in inhibiting viral infection. in this study, we explored the antiviral effect of ch25h and 25hc on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets with severe diarrhea, and consider ... | 2019 | 30955800 |
| multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. we used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (cmfd) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-north american genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method and mic ... | 2019 | 30947641 |