| distribution and characterization of akt homologs in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | abstract the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces a host-selective toxin (hst), known as act-toxin, and causes alternaria brown spot disease of citrus. the structure of act-toxin is closely related to ak- and af-toxins, which are hsts produced by the japanese pear and strawberry pathotypes of a. alternata, respectively. ac-, ak-, and af-toxins are chemically similar and share a 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid moiety. two genes controlling ak-toxin biosynthesis (ak ... | 2000 | 18944496 |
| epiphytic colonization of pear stigmas and hypanthia by bacteria during primary bloom. | abstract pear blossoms were sampled during various stages of bloom in 1991 and 1992 from orchards at cashmere, wa, and corvallis and medford, or, for epiphytic populations of culturable bacteria. on stigmatic surfaces, bacteria were isolated from 2 to 32% of blossoms prior to petal expansion and from 47 to 94% of blossoms by petal fall. in general, a lower percentage of hypanthia than stigmas supported bacterial populations. randomly selected bacteria isolated at population levels of >/=10(4) cf ... | 1999 | 18944640 |
| purification and biological characterization of host-specific sv-toxins from stemphylium vesicarium causing brown spot of european pear. | abstract culture filtrates of a pathogenic isolate (it37) of stemphylium vesicarium, causing brown spot of european pear, induced veinal necrosis only on pear leaves susceptible to the pathogen. two host-specific toxins, sv-toxins i and ii, were purified from culture filtrates of it37 by successively using amberlite xad-2 resin adsorption, cellulose thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography under three different sets of conditions. susceptible cultivars showed veinal ... | 1999 | 18944740 |
| effect of nectar on microbial antagonists evaluated for use in control of fire blight of pome fruits. | abstract under warm, dry conditions, erwinia amylovora can become established in relatively high populations on apple (malus domestica) or pear (pyrus communis) flower stigmas, and subsequent wet conditions facilitate its movement to the flower hypanthium where infection generally is initiated through the nectarthodes. research on biological control of fire blight has focused mainly on the flower stigma, and knowledge is lacking regarding the effect of nectar on microbial antagonists in the flow ... | 1999 | 18944801 |
| occurrence of indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacteria on pear trees and their association with fruit russet. | abstract a relatively high percentage of epiphytic bacteria on pear leaf and fruit surfaces had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in culture media supplemented with tryptophan. while over 50% of the strains produced at least small amounts of iaa in culture, about 25% of the strains exhibited high iaa production as evidenced by both colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture supernatants. a majority of the strains that produced high amounts of iaa ... | 1998 | 18944847 |
| establishment of bacterial antagonists of erwinia amylovora on pear and apple blossoms as influenced by inoculum preparation. | the influence of inoculum preparation on the establishment of bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight and erwinia amylovora on blossoms was evaluated. aqueous suspensions of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, e. herbicola c9-1r, or e. amylovora 153n were prepared from cells harvested from the surface of an agar medium or from cells that were lyophilized after culture under similar conditions. bacterial suspensions (1 x 10(8) cfu/ml) were sprayed on pear and apple trees at 50% bloom near midda ... | 1998 | 18944901 |
| crab apple blossoms as a model for research on biological control of fire blight. | abstract nonseasonal availability of pomaceous flowers could improve laboratory detection and prefield testing of biocontrol agents for fire blight of pear and apple. crab apple was selected as a model because of its high flower productivity on 1-year-old wood, high susceptibility to fire blight, and availability from nurseries. cultivars manchurian and snowdrift were manipulated to bloom once by transferring dormant nursery trees from a cold room to a greenhouse and a second time by defoliating ... | 1997 | 18945005 |
| aal-toxin-deficient mutants of alternaria alternata tomato pathotype by restriction enzyme-mediated integration. | abstract host-specific toxins are produced by three pathotypes of alternaria alternata: am-toxin, which affects apple; ak-toxin, which affects japanese pear; and aal-toxin, which affects tomato. each toxin has a role in pathogenesis. to facilitate molecular genetic analysis of toxin production, isolation of toxin-deficient mutants utilizing ectopic integration of plasmid dna has been attempted. however, the transformation frequency was low, and integration events in most transformants were compl ... | 1997 | 18945069 |
| molecular variability of the genomes of capilloviruses from apple, japanese pear, european pear, and citrus trees. | abstract the 3'-terminal regions of the genomes of apple stem grooving virus (asgv), isolated from apple, japanese pear, and european pear plants, and citrus tatter leaf virus (ctlv), isolated from citrus plants, were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the dna products were cloned and sequenced. the results indicated that the asgv isolates from apple, japanese pear, and european pear comprise at least two to four "sequence variants" that differ considerably from each o ... | 1997 | 18945117 |
| protective effect of cactus (opuntia ficus indica) cladode extract upon nickel-induced toxicity in rats. | the purpose of this study carried out on male wistar rats, was to evaluate the protective effects of regular ingestion of juice from the prickly pear cactus (opuntia ficus indica) cladodes against nickel chloride toxicity. rats were given either normal tap water or water containing 25% of cactus juice for one month. then, rats of each group were injected daily, for 10 days, with either nicl(2) solution (4mg (30micromol)/kg body weight) or with the same volume of saline solution (300mm nacl). sig ... | 2008 | 18950672 |
| patulin causes dna damage leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of bax, p(53) and p(21/waf1) proteins in skin of mice. | patulin (pat), a mycotoxin found in apples, grapes, oranges, pear and peaches, is a potent genotoxic compound. who has highlighted the need for the study of cutaneous toxicity of pat as manual labour is employed during pre and post harvest stages, thereby causing direct exposure to skin. in the present study cutaneous toxicity of pat was evaluated following topical application to swiss albino mice. dermal exposure of pat, to mice for 4 h resulted in a dose (40-160 mug/animal) and time (up to 6 h ... | 2009 | 19000704 |
| in vitro characterisation of koala chlamydia pneumoniae: morphology, inclusion development and doubling time. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human and animal pathogen associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. of the animal c. pneumoniae isolates, the koala nasal isolate (lpcoln) is by far the best genetically characterised. this current study was designed to characterise the morphology and developmental events for the lpcoln isolate, and our results showed several striking in vitro growth differences when compared to the human isolate, ar39. the lpcoln inclusion size and morphology ... | 2009 | 19026498 |
| effect of a waal mutation on lipopolysaccharide composition, oxidative stress survival, and virulence in erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, is an enterobacterial pathogen of rosaceous plants including apple and pear. we have been studying the response of e. amylovora to oxidative stress because, during infection, the bacterium elicits an oxidative burst response in host plants. during the screening of a transposon mutant library for hydrogen peroxide sensitivity, we identified a mutant carrying an insertion in waal, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, that was more ... | 2009 | 19076232 |
| [adaptation of mycoplasma gallisepticum to unfavorable growth conditions: changes in morphological and physiological characteristics]. | adaptation of mycoplasma gallisepticum to unfavorable growth conditions results in altered morphological and physiological characteristics of the cells. m. gallisepticum populations in a complete nutrient medium contain pear-shaped vegetative cells (d approximately 0.3 microm; l approximately 0.8 microm) with pronounced polar and cytoskeleton-like structures. such mycoplasma cells are able to induce damage in a bacterial genome, causing an sos response of the test strain (escherichia coli pq37). ... | 2008 | 19137716 |
| reversible storage of lithium in a rambutan-like tin-carbon electrode. | fruity electrodes: a simple bottom-up self-assembly method was used to fabricate rambutan-like tin-carbon (sn@c) nanoarchitecture (see scheme, green sn) to improve the reversible storage of lithium in tin. the mechanism of the growth of the pear-like hairs is explored. | 2009 | 19156791 |
| implications of pathogenesis by erwinia amylovora on rosaceous stigmas to biological control of fire blight. | as a prerequisite to infection of flowers, erwinia amylovora grows epiphytically on stigmas, which provide a conducive habitat for bacterial growth. stigmas also support growth of several other bacterial genera, which allows for biological control of fire blight; although, in practice, it is very difficult to exclude e. amylovora completely from this habitat. we investigated the dynamics of growth suppression of e. amylovora by comparing the ability of virulent and avirulent strains of e. amylov ... | 2009 | 19159304 |
| quantitative resistance traits and suitability of woody plant species for a polyphagous scarab, popillia japonica newman. | the japanese beetle, popillia japonica newman, has an unusually broad host range among deciduous woody plants, yet it feeds only sparingly, or not at all, on certain species in the field. we evaluated beetles' preference, survival over time and fecundity on eight woody plant species historically rated as susceptible or resistant and, after verifying those ratings, tested whether resistance is correlated with so-called quantitative defense traits including leaf toughness, low nutrient content (wa ... | 2008 | 19161699 |
| cd105/endoglin expression in gorham disease of bone. | gorham disease is a rare pathological condition characterised by a proliferation of vascular channels of haematic and lymphatic origin in bone and adjacent soft tissues, which results in a progressive destruction of the involved bone segment. | 2009 | 19181633 |
| a brief history of vitamin d and cancer prevention. | to review the history of vitamin d and its use in cancer prevention. | 2009 | 19185802 |
| a polyphasic approach assigns the pathogenic erwinia strains from diseased pear trees in japan to erwinia pyrifoliae. | bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan (bsbp) is caused by erwinia strains which were formerly associated with the species erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. the description of erwinia pyrifoliae as a pear pathogen in korea renewed a possible connection of the pear pathogens in both countries. | 2009 | 19187512 |
| modified version of adm1 model for agro-waste application. | agro-residues account for a large proportion of the wastes generated around the world. there is thus a need for a model to simulate the anaerobic digestion processes used in their treatment. we have developed model based on adm1, to be applied to agro-wastes. we examined and tested the biodegradability of apple, pear, orange, rape, sunflower, pig manure and glycerol wastes to be used as the basis for feeding the model. moreover, the fractions of particulate cod (x(c)) were calculated, and the di ... | 2009 | 19201603 |
| scale insects and mealy bugs (homoptera: coccoidea) attacking deciduous fruit trees in the western north coast of alexandria, egypt. | this investigation covered a survey of scale insects and mealy bugs infesting ten growing species of deciduous fruit trees in three localities in alexandria govemorate. these localities were merghem, burg el-arab, and el-nahda about 50 km. west of alexandria under both rain-fed and irrigation system conditions. the common inspected fruit trees were fig, white mulberry, pomegranate, apple, pear, apricot, european plum, peach, almond, and persimmon. it was shown that a group of twenty scale insect ... | 2008 | 19226793 |
| high-yield production and characterization of biologically active recombinant aprotinin expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | aprotinin is a polypeptide composed of 58 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 6512da. the 58 amino acid residues are arranged in a single polypeptide chain, which is cross-linked by three disulfide bridges and folded to form a pear-shaped molecule. to express recombinant aprotinin in saccharomyces cerevisiae, a synthetic gene encoding aprotinin was constructed and fused in frame with the pre-sequence of the s. cerevisiae matalpha1 gene at the cleavage site of signal peptidase. the ... | 2009 | 19233283 |
| the rcs phosphorelay system is essential for pathogenicity in erwinia amylovora. | the rcs phosphorelay system is a modified two-component signal transduction system found exclusively in enterobacteriaceae. in this study, we characterized the roles of the rcs system in erwinia amylovora, a highly virulent and necrogenic enterobacterium causing fire blight disease on rosaceous plants. our results showed that rcsb, rcsc, rcsd and rcsbd mutants were non-pathogenic on immature pear fruit. the bacterial growth of these mutants was also greatly reduced compared with that of the wild ... | 2009 | 19236575 |
| inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in raw fruits by enterocin as-48. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enterocin as-48 on listeria monocytogenes cect 4032 in fruits and fruit juice. fruits were contaminated with a l. monocytogenes cell suspension, washed with enterocin as-48 (25 microg/ml) or with sterile distilled water as control, and stored at different temperatures (-20, 6, 15, 22 degrees c). washing treatments significantly inhibited or completely inactivated l. monocytogenes in strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries stored at 15 ... | 2008 | 19244899 |
| epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease: old views and new perspectives. | the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (emt) is a fascinating phenotypic change that is undertaken by embryonic and adult cells in physiological and pathological conditions, respectively. this change in cell behavior involves the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of migratory properties. while it has long been established as a fundamental process in the generation of many different embryonic tissues, its significance during tumor progression as an initial determining step ... | 2009 | 19247945 |
| pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs: rationale and design of the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses (pear) study. | selection of antihypertensive therapy is often empiric, and use of genetic information to guide drug therapy selection holds future promise. | 2009 | 19249413 |
| international multidimensional authenticity specification (imas) algorithm for detection of commercial pomegranate juice adulteration. | the pomegranate fruit ( punica granatum ) has become an international high-value crop for the production of commercial pomegranate juice (pj). the perceived consumer value of pj is due in large part to its potential health benefits based on a significant body of medical research conducted with authentic pj. to establish criteria for authenticating pj, a new international multidimensional authenticity specifications (imas) algorithm was developed through consideration of existing databases and co ... | 2009 | 19249817 |
| the study and analysis of the mating behavior and sound production of male cicada psalmocharias alhageos (kol.) (homoptera:cicadidae) to make disruption in mating. | psalmocharias alhageos is an important pest of vine in most parts of iran, afghanistan, pakistan, southern areas of russia, turkey and iraq. this cicada is spread in most provinces in iran such as esfahan, hamedan, qazvin, markazi, lorestan, qom, kerman, tehran and kordestan. in addition to vine, this insect damages some other fruit trees, such as apple, sour cherry, quince, peach, pomegranate and pear trees and some non-fruit trees, namely white poplar, ash, elm, eglantine, silk and black popla ... | 2008 | 19266919 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| [online detection of soluble solids content of pear by near infrared transmission spectrum]. | the research was to detect soluble solids content (ssc) of pear online by near infrared transmission spectrum. the movement speed of pear was 0.5 m x s(-1) the power of light source was 300 w, and semi-transmission was used to collect the spectrum of pears. the total experiment samples were 187 pears, with a calibration set of 147 pears and a validation set of 40 pears. partial least squares (pls) and principal component regression (pcr) technique were used to develop the calibration model for o ... | 2008 | 19271484 |
| function of genes encoding acyl-coa synthetase and enoyl-coa hydratase for host-selective act-toxin biosynthesis in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-selective act-toxin and causes alternaria brown spot disease. sequence analysis of a genomic cosmid clone identified a part of the actt gene cluster and implicated two genes, actt5 encoding an acyl-coa synthetase and actt6 encoding an enoyl-coa hydratase, in the biosynthesis of act-toxin. genomic southern blots demonstrated that both genes were present in tangerine pathotype isolates producing act-toxin and also in japanese pear patho ... | 2009 | 19271978 |
| host range of a population of pratylenchus vulnus in commercial fruit, nut, citrus, and grape rootstocks in spain. | in a host-range study carried out under greenhouse conditions, a total of 37 commercial fruit tree, grape, and citrus rootstocks were tested for their reaction to a population of the lesion nematode, pratylenchus vulnus, in spain. twenty-five rootstocks had a pf/pi > 1.5. these included almond (desmayo rojo, 1143), apple (em-9, em-106), avocado (hass), cherry (santa lucia 64, camil, m x m 14, masto de montafiana), grape (41-b, fercal, ritcher 110), hazelnut (pauetet), loquat (nadal), peach (mont ... | 1992 | 19283047 |
| host suitability of eight prunus spp. and one pyrus communis rootstocks to pratylenchus vulnus, p. neglectus, and p. thornei. | the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on rootstocks of eight commonly used prunus spp. and one pyrus communis were evaluated under greenhouse conditions during a 15-month period. in a first experiment, two almonds (moncayo and garrigues), one peach (gf-305), and two peach-almond hybrids (gf-677 and adafuel) inoculated with 2,000 nematodes per plant proved to be good hosts of p. vulnus. highest (p < 0.05) numbers of nematodes per gram of fresh root weight were recovered from adafuel and gf-677. root ... | 1991 | 19283165 |
| erwinia amylovora: modern methods for detection and differentiation. | erwinia amylovora is the causative agent of fire blight, a very destructive disease of numerous members of the rosaceae. the primary route of infection for host species, including commercially grown apple and pear, is the newly opened blossom. susceptibility of flowers to infection for only a few days creates narrow window for infection. not surprisingly, the risk of disease is related to e. amylovora population size. as a result, methods that supply quick, accurate and sensitive quantification ... | 2009 | 19301751 |
| population structure of potebniamyces pyri in the u.s. pacific northwest and evidence of outcrossing inferred with sequence-characterized amplified region markers. | potebniamyces pyri is the cause of phacidiopycnis rot of d'anjou pear, which is grown primarily in washington and oregon. to estimate the population structure of p. pyri, 146 single-spore isolates were sampled from five major pear-production areas and scored for variation at eight sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) loci. significant genetic differentiation was detected among five subpopulations and a total of 54 multilocus genotypes were identified, with significant genotypic diversi ... | 2009 | 19351249 |
| specific detection and quantification of the phytopathogenic agent 'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum'. | 'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' is a wall-less bacterium associated with european stone fruit yellows (esfy), a severe disease of prunus spp. (mainly apricot and japanese plum trees). it can be spread by one insect vector, cacopsylla pruni, and by the trade of infected material. the availability of pcr-based methods allowing a sensitive and specific detection of 'ca. p. prunorum' is crucial for this phytoplasma because, at present, it is uncultured and cannot be detected serologically. we deve ... | 2009 | 19401232 |
| a familial case of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type i. | trichorhinophalangeal type i (trps i) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by variable clinical expression of sparse and slow-growing hair, pear-shaped nose, elongated philtrum, and bone deformities, including cone-shaped epiphyses of the phalanges and short stature. we describe three members of a family who consulted us because of slow-growing scalp hair with craniofacial and radiological features typical of trps i. | 2009 | 19419465 |
| fine structure of the bird parasites trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum from cultures. | the trophozoites of trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum were studied by means of light and electron microscopy after cloning and cultivating them axenically. t. gallinae trophozoites varied in shape reaching from ovoidal to pyriform and had a size of about 7-11 microm. they were provided with four free flagella and a fifth recurrent one, which did not become free at the posterior pole. the nucleus was ovoid, had a size of about 2.5-3 microm, and was situated closely below the ba ... | 2009 | 19421777 |
| first report on the presence of fire blight resistance in linkage group 11 of pyrus ussuriensis maxim. | fire blight, caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora (burrill) winslow et al., is a dangerous disease of pome fruits, including pear. a pear breeding program for fire blight resistance was initiated in 2003 at the department of pomology, warsaw university of life sciences, poland. since several asian species are considered to be potential sources of resistance to fire blight, the susceptible pyrus communis 'doyenne du comice' was crossed with the resistant p. ussuriensis. the f1 ... | 2009 | 19433906 |
| stress tolerance and environmental fitness of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, which has a mutation in rpos. | establishment of suppressive populations of bacterial biological control agents on aerial plant surfaces is a critical phase in biologically based management of floral diseases. periodically, biocontrol agents encounter inhospitable conditions for growth on plants; consequently, tolerance of environmental stresses may contribute to their fitness. in many gram-negative bacteria, including strains of pseudomonas spp., the capacity to survive environmental stresses is influenced by the stationary p ... | 2009 | 19453226 |
| role of rpos in stress tolerance and environmental fitness of the phyllosphere bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens strain 122. | bacteria living epiphytically on aerial plant surfaces encounter severe and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions, and their capacity to withstand environmental stress contributes to epiphytic fitness. the stationary phase sigma factor rpos is a key determinant in stress response of gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas spp. this study focused on the role of rpos in stress response and epiphytic fitness of pseudomonas fluorescens strain 122 on aerial plant surfaces. rpos had a sig ... | 2009 | 19453227 |
| systems level analysis of two-component signal transduction systems in erwinia amylovora: role in virulence, regulation of amylovoran biosynthesis and swarming motility. | two-component signal transduction systems (tcsts), consisting of a histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), represent a major paradigm for signal transduction in prokaryotes. tcsts play critical roles in sensing and responding to environmental conditions, and in bacterial pathogenesis. most tcsts in erwinia amylovora have either not been identified or have not yet been studied. | 2009 | 19470164 |
| erwinia amylovora strains isolated in romania from outbreaks of fire blight disease: phenotypic characterization. | the fire blight disease was described for the first time in romania, in 1992. since then by continuous spreading, this disease has caused severe damages of the fruit trees production, particularly of the pear and quince orchards in different regions of the country, being advantaged by certain weather conditions (high temperatures and humidity). an epidemiological surveillance of this disease that was spreading over different regions of the country, has been instituted since 2002. during the year ... | 2008 | 19496475 |
| mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation. | biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using trichoderma viride and their incorporation into sodium alginate for vegetable and fruit preservation has been demonstrated in this study. aqueous silver (ag(+)) ions when exposed to the filtrate of t. viride are reduced in solution. these extremely stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of uv-vis spectrophotometer, ftir, tem, and eds. the nanoparticles exhibit maximum absorbance at 421 nm in the uv spectrum. the presence of proteins was ... | 2009 | 19552418 |
| effect of aqueous extracts of alligator pear seed (persea americana mill) on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. | effects of aqueous extract of alligator pear seed on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated in 6 groups of rats (5 rats per group). test groups were made diabetic with intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan and treated with 300 mg and 600 mg/kg body weight of alligator pear seed extract. two non-diabetic groups were also administered with 300 mg and 600 mg/kg body weight extract. the levels of blood glucose were examined in all 6 experimental groups. in diabetic rats, blood gl ... | 2009 | 19553173 |
| fatty acid composition in lipid fractions lengthwise the mycelium of mortierella isabellina and lipid production by solid state fermentation. | this paper investigates the correlation between mycelial age and fatty acid biosynthesis. the correlation was investigated by analyzing the lipid composition lengthwise the mycelium of the oleaginous fungus mortierella isabellina, a potential producer of gamma-linolenic acid (gla). young mycelia were rich in polar lipids (glycolipids plus sphingolipids and phospholipids), while neutral lipid content increased in aged mycelia. in young mycelia, each polar lipid fraction contained almost 40% (w/w) ... | 2009 | 19574039 |
| seasonal occurrence and impact of halyomorpha halys (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in tree fruit. | halyomorpha halys is an introduced stink bug species from asia that is spreading throughout the mid-atlantic united states. it is native to south korea, japan, and eastern china, where it is an occasional pest of tree fruit, including apple and pear. cage experiments with adults placed on apple and peach during critical plant growth stages demonstrate that it can cause damage to developing fruit during mid- and late season growth periods and that feeding occurs on all regions of the fruit. feedi ... | 2009 | 19610429 |
| light, electron microscopy and histopathology of myxobolus salminus n. sp., a parasite of salminus brasiliensis from the brazilian pantanal. | in this report, we describe the morphology and histopathology of myxobolus salminus n. sp., a parasite of the gill filaments of wild salminus brasiliensis (dourado) from the brazilian pantanal. the small polysporic plasmodia were approximately 100 microm in diameter and the development was asynchronous. the mature spores were oval to pear shaped and had a smooth wall. the spore measurements were (mean+/-s.d., with range in parentheses): length 10.1+/-0.4 microm (9.6-10.5), width 6.1+/-0.4 microm ... | 2009 | 19640650 |
| influence of post-harvest treatments with fludioxonil and soy lecithin co-application in controlling blue and grey mould and fludioxonil residues in coscia pears. | the residue levels of fludioxonil (flu) were determined in coscia pear following a 1-, 2- or 4-min dip in an aqueous mixture of flu containing 300 or 100 mg l(-1) (active ingredient, a.i.) at 20 and 50 degrees c, respectively, with or without 2% soy lecithin. the efficacy of heat treatment with water and flu mixtures was investigated on artificially inoculated pears for the control of post-harvest decay caused by blue (penicillium expansum link) and grey (botrytis cinerea pers. ex fr.) mould. tr ... | 2009 | 19680873 |
| complex combined vascular malformations and vascular malformation syndromes affecting the extremities in children. | complex combined vascular malformations affecting extremities are an interesting group of vascular malformations because, in addition to the vascular channel anomalies present, they can be associated with other tissue changes and sometimes altered limb growth. at present, magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard imaging tool to evaluate such complex conditions in children because of its inherent tissue specificity and vascular capabilities that enables characterization of tissues and the ... | 2009 | 19724993 |
| description of cryptosporiopsis kienholzii and species profiles of neofabraea in major pome fruit growing districts in the pacific northwest usa. | the objectives of this study were i) to give a taxonomic description of a fungus phylogenetically related to neofabraea and assign the name cryptosporiopsis kienholzii to this fungus, ii) to expand previous neofabraea species profiles from infected apple and pear fruit collected from major pome fruit production districts in oregon and washington, and iii) to determine the sensitivity of neofabraea alba, neofabraea malicorticis, neofabraea perennans, and c. kienholzii to a range of fungicides. a ... | 2009 | 19733662 |
| endodontic management of horizontally placed molars after gunshot injury to mandible: a case report. | a 37-year-old man reported to our department with the history of gunshot injury to the mandible 15 years before. his anterior mandible had been resected earlier and bone graft was seen. intraoral examination of lower jaw revealed 4 remaining mandibular molars. these teeth were severely rotated such that they lay horizontal with respect to the mandibular base. preoperative dentascan spiral computerized tomography (ct) of the patient revealed obliteration of the mesial canals of the mandibular rig ... | 2009 | 19734072 |
| functional analysis of the n terminus of the erwinia amylovora secreted effector dspa/e reveals features required for secretion, translocation, and binding to the chaperone dspb/f. | dspa/e is a type iii secreted effector protein required for pathogenicity in the apple and pear pathogen erwinia amylovora, and dspb/f is a small chaperone protein involved in dspa/e secretion. while the secretion and translocation signals of many type iii secretion effector proteins in human enteric pathogens have been characterized extensively, relatively little is known about the translocation requirements of many effectors in plant pathogens, including large dspe-like proteins. in this study ... | 2009 | 19737101 |
| genotypic comparison of pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains. | pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. however, commercial registration of p. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (bl2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. this study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic ... | 2009 | 19772624 |
| diuretic and antioxidant effects of cacti-nea, a dehydrated water extract from prickly pear fruit, in rats. | dehydrated extract of the prickly pear fruit opuntia ficus indica, cacti-nea, was evaluated for its chronic diuretic and antioxidant effects in wistar rats. cacti-nea was orally administered daily for seven days at the dose of 240 mg/kg/day. a positive group was orally treated with hydrochlorothiazide at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day and a control group with vehicle. daily measurements of body weight, urine volume, and concentration of sodium, potassium and uric acid in urine were performed for each ... | 2010 | 19777503 |
| determination and confirmation of nicotinic acid and its analogues and derivates in pear and apple blossoms using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, a serious disease of apple and pear. the bacterial pathogen colonizes the flower stigma and hypanthium, where it multiplies and then invades through natural openings (nectarthodes). e. amylovora requires nicotinic acid as growth factor, and competition for nicotinic acid is being explored as a novel biocontrol strategy. the ability of e. amylovora to substitute nicotinic acid with analogues or derivates as growth factors has not been investigated yet. furthe ... | 2009 | 19835358 |
| the nature of the growth rate. | 1. the growth rate of organisms may be considered as a chemical reaction which gives the mature organism as its end-product. the organism grows at a definite rate which is, at any moment, proportional to the amount of growth yet to be made. 2. shoots of young pear trees measured at weekly intervals during the growing season showed a rate similar to that of an autocatalytic reaction. 3. young walnut trees showed distinct cycles of growth in a single season, but the growth in each cycle proceeded ... | 1920 | 19871830 |
| [cystoscopy in a heifer with rupture of a patent urachus]. | this case report describes the clinical, ultrasonographic and cystoscopic findings and treatment in a two-year-old swiss braunvieh heifer with rupture of a patent urachus. the lead signs in the seven-month-pregnant heifer were markedly abnormal general condition and demeanour and a pear-shaped abdomen. the heifer had severe azotaemia, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed ascites, which was diagnosed as uroperitoneum based on an elevated creatinine level in the fluid. a patent urachus was ident ... | 2009 | 19885799 |
| quantitative detection of pear-pathogenic stemphylium vesicarium in orchards. | abstract isolates of stemphylium vesicarium causing brown spot of pear can be distinguished from nonpathogenic isolates of s. vesicarium from pear or from other hosts on the basis of distinctive amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting profiles. dna fragments specific for isolates pathogenic to pear were identified and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed on the sequence from one of these specific dna loci. this taqman pcr has a high sensitivity with a dynami ... | 2009 | 19900004 |
| clostridium arbusti sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from pear orchard soil. | an obligately anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterial strain, designated sl206(t), was isolated from pear orchard soils. strain sl206(t) cells were straight or slightly curved rods, with motility by peritrichate flagella. cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; wall sugars were glucose, rhamnose and mannose. the major fatty acids were c(16 : 0), c(18 : 1)omega9c and summed feature 10 (containing c(18 : 1)omega11c/9t/6t). api 20a reactions were negative for oxidase, catalase and ... | 2010 | 19915114 |
| plasma vegf determination in disseminated lymphangiomatosis-gorham-stout syndrome: a marker of activity? a case report with a 5-year follow-up. | disseminated lymphangiomatosis and gorham-stout disease are being considered as two forms of a single rare disease, characterized by a proliferation of lymphatic vessels, triggered by lymphangiogenic factors. there is no biological marker of the disease. plasma vegf might be a useful tool since the recent demonstration of its pivotal role in the mechanism of this disease. a 45-year-old woman with a history of disseminated lymphangiomatosis involving mediastinum, retroperitoneum, spleen and syste ... | 2010 | 19931435 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonase produced by penicillium expansum during postharvest decay of 'anjou' pear. | a polygalacturonase (pg) was extracted and purified from decayed tissue of 'anjou' pear fruit inoculated with penicillium expansum. ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography were used to purify the enzyme. both chromatographic methods revealed a single peak corresponding to pg activity. pg enzyme activity from healthy and wounded pear tissue was undetectable, which supports the claim that the purified pg is of fungal origin. the purified enzyme had a mole ... | 2010 | 19968548 |
| gorham-stout syndrome: a rare clinical entity and review of literature. | gorham-stout syndrome is a very rare bone condition of unknown etiology. it is characterized by the spontaneous onset of bone resorption. bones that previously appeared normal begin to resorb, partially or completely. sometimes only a thin shell of cortical bone remains, and there is usually a little replacement by fibrous tissue. this process can continue for years but may stop spontaneously. bone loss can occur in one bone or spread to soft tissue and adjacent bones. although the disease may s ... | 2010 | 19969488 |
| the histology and histopathology of the dental innervation: (section of odontology). | the presence of a perivascular neural plexus in the periodontal membrane suggests that the dental structures have both sensory and autonomic nerve supply. the fibres described by mummery are unaffected by section of the inferior dental nerve although there is marked degeneration in all demonstrable nerves. nerve-fibres have been observed describing simple and complex looping in the odontogenetic zone and others which, running tangentially between the odontoblast layer and the dentine, form a ver ... | 1939 | 19992023 |
| proteomic analysis of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler responds to cos fumigation. | carbonyl sulfide (cos) is a new fumigant which has been a potential alternative to methyl bromide and phosphine in many applications. in this study, we investigated the fungitoxicity of cos towards the pathogen of pear black spot disease alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler (a. alternata). moreover, proteomic analysis and rt-pcr was performed and our results showed that during the fumigation, the regulation of 21 proteins in protein expression and mrna accumulation levels is involved, which respo ... | 2010 | 20036892 |
| paramphistomum cervi: surface topography of the tegument of adult fluke. | adult paramphistomum cervi or rumen fluke are pear-shaped, slightly concave ventrally and convex dorsally. the worm measures about 5-13 mm in length and 2-5 mm in width across the mid-section. as observed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), the tegumental surface in all part of the body, appears highly corrugated with transverse folds alternating with grooves and is spineless. at high magnification, the surface of the fold is composed of microfolds or ridges separated by microgrooves or pits. ... | 2010 | 20045698 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed during interaction of resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (malus x domestica) with erwinia amylovora. | the necrogenic enterobacterium, erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of the fire blight (fb) disease in many rosaceae species, including apple and pear. during the infection process, the bacteria induce an oxidative stress response with kinetics similar to those induced in an incompatible bacteria-plant interaction. no resistance mechanism to e. amylovora in host plants has yet been characterized, recent work has identified some molecular events which occur in resistant and/or susceptible host ... | 2010 | 20047654 |
| complete genome sequence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae dsm 12163t and comparative genomic insights into plant pathogenicity. | erwinia pyrifoliae is a newly described necrotrophic pathogen, which causes fire blight on asian (nashi) pear and is geographically restricted to eastern asia. relatively little is known about its genetics compared to the closely related main fire blight pathogen e. amylovora. | 2010 | 20047678 |
| temperature-dependent emergence of osmia cornifrons (hymenoptera: megachilidae) adults. | japanese hornfaced bees osmia cornifrons (radoszkowski) (hymenoptera: megachilidae) are used for pollination of spring blooming fruit crops such as apple, pear, and blueberry. because o. cornifrons has a short adult life span, synchronization of bee emergence with bloom is critical to maximize crop pollination. this study was conducted to determine lower temperature thresholds (ltds), optimum temperatures, and required degree-day accumulation for emergence of o. cornifrons adults. patterns of te ... | 2009 | 20069827 |
| complete genome sequence of the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora strain atcc 49946. | erwinia amylovora causes the economically important disease fire blight that affects rosaceous plants, especially pear and apple. here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of strain atcc 49946. the analysis of the sequence and its comparison with sequenced genomes of closely related enterobacteria revealed signs of pathoadaptation to rosaceous hosts. | 2010 | 20118253 |
| food allergy due to olive. | we report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented palatal itching and genaralized urticaria following ingestion of olive 3 years after being diagnosed with olive pollinosis. the patient did not have a history of food allergy or urticaria. the results of skin prick tests with aeroallergens including latex were positive for house dust mite and olive pollen. the results of prick tests and prick-to-prick tests for olive fruit were positive, as were those of specific immunoglobulin e tests to oli ... | 2009 | 20128426 |
| transcriptional studies of the hrpm/opgh gene in pseudomonas syringae during biofilm formation and in response to different environmental challenges. | pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain ff5 is a phytopathogen that causes a rapid dieback on ornamental pear trees. in the present study, the transcriptional expression of hrpm/opgh, algd, hrpr and rpod was evaluated in p. syringae ff5 and ff5.m2 (hrpm/opgh mutant). the temporal expression of these genes was evaluated during biofilm formation, the hypersensitive reaction (hr) on tobacco plants, and when the bacteria were subjected to different environmental stresses. the results indicate that ... | 2010 | 20132277 |
| structure of sterol aliphatic chains affects yeast cell shape and cell fusion during mating. | under mating conditions, yeast cells adopt a characteristic pear-shaped morphology, called a "shmoo," as they project a cell extension toward their mating partners. mating partners make contact at their shmoo tips, dissolve the intervening cell wall, and fuse their plasma membranes. we identified mutations in erg4, encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis, that impair both shmoo formation and cell fusion. upon pheromone treatment, erg4delta mutants polarized gr ... | 2010 | 20150508 |
| prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study. | the present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from jerusalem artichoke (ja). a three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18-50 years). subjects were randomised into three groups (n 22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (pcs) or plum-pear-beetroot (ppb), containing ja inul ... | 2010 | 20187995 |
| application of a potentiometric sensor array as a technique in sensory analysis. | this paper reports on the application of a potentiometric sensor array used for monitoring changes in probiotic fermented milk during storage, classification of probiotic fermented milk according to flavor and to accurately predict the results from a human sensory panel. for that purpose the potentiometric electronic tongue consisting of seven sensors and an ag/agcl reference electrode was used. the samples of plain, strawberry, apple-pear and forest-fruit probiotic fermented milk were stored du ... | 2010 | 20188937 |
| complete genome sequence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora cfbp 1430 and comparison to other erwinia spp. | fire blight, caused by the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants that has global economic importance for apple and pear production and trade. the complete genome of e. amylovora cfbp 1430 was sequenced, annotated, and compared with the genomes of other erwinia spp. several singleton and shared features of the e. amylovora cfbp 1430 genome were identified that offer a first view into evolutionary aspects within the genus erwinia. comparative genomics iden ... | 2010 | 20192826 |
| the multiple target use of spirodiclofen (envidor 240 sc) in ipm pomefruit in belgium. | envidor 240 sc, active ingredient spirodiclofen is a broad spectrum acaricide acting via lipid biosynthesis inhibition (lbi) with no cross resistance to currently available acaricides and with additional insecticidal properties. envidor is positive ipm listed but in frame of resistance management limited to one application per season. in pear growing envidor constitutes an important tool in pear sucker control in a tandem strategy with abamectine. being totally selective on predatory bugs anthoc ... | 2009 | 20218531 |
| baseline sensitivity of stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of pear brown spot, to boscalid. | | 2009 | 20222565 |
| monitoring of the entomological diversity in a pesticide free orchard: investigation of the gembloux agricultural university conservatory. | in orchards, the fruit production is currently oriented to integrated pest management. in order to develop efficient pest control strategy by using entomophagous beneficial and lowering the application of pesticides, sufficient knowledge of entomological populations is needed. here, a systematic monitoring of insect diversity and abundance in a conservatory orchard of gembloux was performed. combining yellow traps and visual observations, 19 pest and 34 beneficial families were identified among ... | 2009 | 20222593 |
| contribution of peroxisomes to secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in the fungal plant pathogen alternaria alternata. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata includes seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes) which produce different host-selective toxins and cause diseases on different plants. the japanese pear pathotype produces the host-selective ak-toxin, an epoxy-decatrienoic acid ester, and causes black spot of japanese pear. previously, we identified four genes, akt1, akt2, akt3, and aktr, involved in ak toxin biosynthesis. akt1, akt2, and akt3 encode enzyme proteins with peroxisomal targeting signal typ ... | 2010 | 20348386 |
| mice drinking goji berry juice (lycium barbarum) are protected from uv radiation-induced skin damage via antioxidant pathways. | the goji berry, lycium barbarum, has long been recognised in traditional chinese medicine for various therapeutic properties based on its antioxidant and immune-modulating effects. this study describes the potential for orally consumed goji berry juice to alter the photodamage induced in the skin of mice by acute solar simulated uv (ssuv) irradiation. in skh:hr-1 hairless mice, 5% goji berry juice significantly reduced the inflammatory oedema of the sunburn reaction. dilutions of goji berry juic ... | 2010 | 20354657 |
| erwinia piriflorinigrans sp. nov., a novel pathogen that causes necrosis of pear blossoms. | eight erwinia strains, isolated from necrotic pear blossoms in valència, spain, were compared with reference strains of erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae, both of which are pathogenic to species of pear tree, and to other species of the family enterobacteriaceae using a polyphasic approach. phenotypic analyses clustered the novel isolates into one phenon, distinct from other species of the genus erwinia, showing that the novel isolates constituted a homogeneous phenotypic group. rep-pcr p ... | 2011 | 20382791 |
| detection of european mountain ash ringspot-associated virus-specific rna and protein p3 in the pear leaf blister mite phytoptus pyri (eriophyidae). | the means by which european mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (emarav), a minus-strand ssrna virus and the type member of the genus emaravirus, is naturally spread, is unknown. in attempts to identify an emarav vector, galls induced by the eriophyid mite phytoptus pyri were frequently found on infected leaves. by immunofluorescence microscopy, the presence of emarav nucleocapsid protein p3 was demonstrated in p. pyri individuals collected from diseased plants. furthermore, rt-pcr analysis o ... | 2010 | 20401694 |
| determination of the folate content in cladodes of nopal (opuntia ficus indica) by microbiological assay utilizing lactobacillus casei (atcc 7469) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | prickly pear cactus has been an important food source in mexico since ancient times due to its economical and ecological benefits and potential nutraceutical value. nevertheless, studies on the nutritional aspects and health benefits have been scarce. the purpose of this study was to assess, apparently for the first time, the folate contents of cladodes of nopal by a microbiological assay, using lactobacillus casei (atcc 7469) in extracts that were enzymatically treated to release the bound vita ... | 2010 | 20441169 |
| blood parasites of mound-building mouse, mus spicilegus petényi, 1882 (mammalia, rodentia). | mound-building mice, mus spicilegus, were studied for the blood parasites in eastern slovakia, vicinity kechnec village near kosice town (kosická kotlina basin, 21 degrees 14' e, 48 degrees 33' n) during years 2002-2005. overall, 251 specimens were examined. the parasites were detected using microhematokrit centrifugation technique and on the giemsa's method stained blood smears and light microscopy. the parasites were found in 3.57% of specimens; 1.20% of mice were infected with bartonella sp., ... | 2010 | 20450010 |
| virulence characteristics accounting for fire blight disease severity in apple trees and seedlings. | the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, the most destructive bacterial disease of rosaceous plants, including apple and pear. here, we compared the virulence levels of six e. amylovora strains (ea273, cfbp1367, ea581a, e2002a, e4001a, and hkn06p1) on apple trees and seedlings. the strains produced a range of disease severity, with hkn06p1 producing the greatest disease severity in every assay. we then compared virulence characteristic expression among th ... | 2010 | 20465409 |
| analyses of the secretomes of erwinia amylovora and selected hrp mutants reveal novel type iii secreted proteins and an effect of hrpj on extracellular harpin levels. | summary erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogenic enterobacterium that causes fire blight disease of apple, pear and other rosaceous plants. a type iii (t3) secretion system, encoded by clustered, chromosomal hrp genes (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), is essential for infection, but only a few proteins are known that are secreted through this pathway (the t3 'secretome'). we developed an efficient protocol for purification and concentration of extracellular proteins and used it to char ... | 2007 | 20507478 |
| inhibition of the mechanical activity of mouse ileum by cactus pear (opuntia ficus indica, l, mill.) fruit extract and its pigment indicaxanthin. | we investigated, using an organ bath technique, the effects of a hydrophilic extract from opuntia ficus indica fruit pulp (cactus fruit extract, cfe) on the motility of mouse ileum, and researched the extract component(s) responsible for the observed responses. cfe (10-320 mg of fresh fruit pulp equivalents/ml of organ bath) reduced dose-dependently the spontaneous contractions. this effect was unaffected by tetrodotoxin, a neuronal blocker, n(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide ... | 2010 | 20518499 |
| evaluation of tolerance to pierce's disease and botrytis in transgenic plants of vitis vinifera l. expressing the pear pgip gene. | summary polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant cell-wall proteins that specifically inhibit fungal endo-polygalacturonases (pgs) that contribute to the aggressive decomposition of susceptible plant tissues. the inhibition of fungal pgs by pgips suggests that pgips have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections and this has been observed in transgenic plants expressing pgips. xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevines, has genes that encode c ... | 2005 | 20565637 |
| cytological and molecular analyses of non-host resistance of arabidopsis thaliana to alternaria alternata. | summary when challenged with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, all tested ecotypes of arabidopsis plants failed to show hypersensitive cell death, accumulation of detectable levels of reactive oxygen species or accumulation of phytoalexin. we operationally define a. alternata as a non-host pathogen for arabidopsis plants and show that the protection against a. alternata demonstrated in this study is a non-host penetration resistance. to characterize n ... | 2005 | 20565684 |
| genome comparison of the epiphytic bacteria erwinia billingiae and e. tasmaniensis with the pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae. | the genus erwinia includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic enterobacteria. important pathogens such as erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight and e. pyrifoliae causing bacterial shoot blight of pear in asia belong to this genus. the species e. tasmaniensis and e. billingiae are epiphytic bacteria and may represent antagonists for biocontrol of fire blight. the presence of genes that are putatively involved in virulence in e. amylovora and e. pyrifoliae is of special ... | 2010 | 20565991 |
| the dspb/f protein of erwinia amylovora is a type iii secretion chaperone ensuring efficient intrabacterial production of the hrp-secreted dspa/e pathogenicity factor. | summary erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for fire blight, a necrotic disease affecting plants of the rosaceae family. e. amylovora virulence is dependent on a functional type iii secretion system. to date, four proteins have been shown to travel through this secretion system: hrpn, hrpw, hrpa, and dspa/e. next to dspa/e, dspb/f encodes a small acidic protein sharing features similar to those of type iii secretion chaperones described in animal systems. here, we show tha ... | 2002 | 20569339 |
| characterization of homologues of the apple proliferation immunodominant membrane protein gene from three related phytoplasmas. | summary homologues of the immunodominant membrane protein gene from apple proliferation (ap) phytoplasma have been cloned and sequenced for three further members of the ap subclade, namely european stone fruit yellows, peach yellow leaf roll and a european isolate of pear decline (pd). the putative translation products of all three were similar in size to that of ap and all had a transmembrane region towards the n-terminus and a large c-terminal hydrophilic domain, probably held on the outside o ... | 2003 | 20569369 |
| from host recognition to t-dna integration: the function of bacterial and plant genes in the agrobacterium-plant cell interaction. | abstract agrobacterium tumefaciens and its related species, a. rhizogenes and a. vitis, are the only known bacterial pathogens which 'genetically invade' host plants and stably integrate part of their genetic material into the host cell genome. thus, a. tumefaciens has evolved as a major tool for plant genetic engineering. furthermore, this unique process of interkingdom dna transfer has been utilized as a model system for studies of its underlying biological events, such as intercellular signal ... | 2000 | 20572967 |
| erwinia amylovora: the molecular basis of fireblight disease. | summary taxonomy: bacteria; proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; order enterobacteriales; family enterobacteriaceae; genus erwinia. microbiological properties: gram-negative, motile rods. related species:e. carotovora (soft-rot diseases), e. chrysanthemi (soft-rot diseases), e. (pantoea) stewartii (stewart's wilt of corn), e. (pantoea) herbicola (epiphyte). host range: affects rosaceous plants, primarily members of the pomoideae. economically important hosts are apple and pear. the commercial impl ... | 2000 | 20572979 |
| [hypoglycemic effect of extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide in rats]. | to study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of the extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide (cpfp) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (stz). | 2010 | 20575420 |
| in vitro susceptibility of erwinia amylovora (burrill) winslow et. al. to citrus maxima essential oil. | regulatory constraints and environmental and human health concerns have promoted the search for alternative bio-control strategies of fire blight, a destructive disease of rosaceous plants which produces serious losses in apple and pear orchards all over the world. the aim of this study was to establish the antimicrobial activity of citrus maxima essential oil against erwinia amylovora. an agar diffusion method was used for the screening of the inhibitory effect of citrus maxima essential oil on ... | 2009 | 20583476 |
| a panel of real-time pcr assays for specific detection of three phytoplasmas from the apple proliferation group. | we report here on the development of combination of assays for fast, reliable, specific and sensitive detection and discrimination of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', 'ca. p. prunorum' and 'ca. p. pyri' from the 16sr-x (apple proliferation - ap) group. these phytoplasmas are causal agents of diseases of fruit trees within the family rosaceae, namely apple proliferation (ap), european stone fruit yellows (esfy) and pear decline (pd). the designed panel of assays uses taqman minor groove binder prob ... | 2010 | 20600822 |
| morphological, pathological and molecular variability in botryodiplodia theobromae (botryosphaeriaceae) isolates associated with die-back and bark canker of pear trees in punjab, india. | thirteen isolates of botryodiplodia theobromae collected from pear varieties grown in various regions of punjab were studied for morphological, pathological and molecular characterization. the mycelial growth of b. theobromae isolates was classified as fluffy or depressed, uniform to irregular and cottony white turning to black. colony growth rate varied from 19.1 to 24.9 mm per day. pycnidia were produced either on the edge, centered or scattered on petri dishes after 20 to 34 days of incubatio ... | 2010 | 20603807 |