| neuron-glia interactions clarify genetic-environmental links in mental illness. | how genes and environment interface to generate major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia has been puzzling, as are the relative roles of neurons and glia in such disturbances. tomonaga and colleagues have recently reported striking neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice expressing borna disease virus phosphoprotein (bdv-p) selectively in glial cells. the study provides a novel approach of linking environmental and genetic factors to behavior by producing genetically engineered mice. the ... | 2004 | 15165731 |
| inhibition of borna disease virus-mediated cell fusion by monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral glycoprotein. | borna disease virus-infected vero cells express on their surface the major viral glycoprotein which mediates cell fusion after low ph treatment. this fusion event can be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated from chronically bdv-infected rats boosted with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the gp94 glycoprotein of bdv. analysis of mabs suggests specificity for the 43-kd c-terminal furin cleavage product of gp94 and provides evidence for the recognition of a conformational epit ... | 2004 | 15192275 |
| the x protein of borna disease virus regulates viral polymerase activity through interaction with the p protein. | borna disease virus polymerase activity is negatively regulated by the viral x protein. using a virus minireplicon system it was found that all x mutants that no longer interacted with the viral p protein failed to exhibit significant inhibitory activity. the action of x could further be neutralized by expression of a p fragment that contained the x interaction domain but lacked all domains known to mediate interaction with other viral proteins. x thus appears to regulate the activity of the bor ... | 2004 | 15218174 |
| regulation of the borna disease virus polymerase complex by the viral nucleoprotein p38 isoform. brief report. | borna disease virus (bdv) polymerase can be reconstituted by co-expression of the viral genes n, p and l. n codes for two proteins, p39 and p38, resulting from alternative translation initiation. using a viral minireplicon system we observed that unlike p39, p38 was almost completely inactive when expressed with p and l alone. since bdv polymerase requires a 10-20 fold excess of n protein over p for high activity, we determined whether p38 might serve as buffer that influences the viral n:p rati ... | 2004 | 15221540 |
| immunization with dendritic cells can break immunological ignorance toward a persisting virus in the central nervous system and induce partial protection against intracerebral viral challenge. | dendritic cells (dcs) have been used successfully to induce cd8 t cells that control virus infections and growth of tumours. the efficacy of dc-mediated immunization for the control of neurotropic borna disease virus (bdv) in mice was evaluated. certain strains of mice only rarely develop spontaneous neurological disease, despite massive bdv replication in the brain. resistance to disease is due to immunological ignorance toward bdv antigen in the central nervous system. ignorance in mice can be ... | 2004 | 15269380 |
| neuropeptide y up-regulation in cerebrocortical neurons after borna disease virus infection is unrelated to brain inflammation in rats. | neuropeptides participate in the pathophysiology of cerebral inflammatory diseases. we analyzed the involvement of neuropeptide y (npy) in rat brain infected with borna disease virus (bdv). npy expressing cerebrocortical neurons were increased during the acute stage of bdv-induced encephalitis. the increase was resistant to immunosuppression by systemic dexamethasone, which greatly reduced inflammatory reactions in the brain. this indicates that the increase of cerebrocortical npy expression is ... | 2004 | 15276246 |
| prevalence of borna disease virus rna in populations at high or low risk for blood-borne infections. | | 2004 | 15318870 |
| cerebral expression of interleukin-12 induces neurological disease via differential pathways and recruits antigen-specific t cells in virus-infected mice. | transgenic expression of interleukin-12 (il-12) in astrocytes causes a spontaneous inflammatory central nervous system disorder in aged mice. here we show that spontaneous disorder developed only when both mature lymphocytes and interferon (ifn)-gamma were present. infection with noncytolytic borna disease virus (bdv) did not affect wild-type mice but accelerated disease of il-12 transgenic mice. infection of transgenic mice lacking lymphocytes did not result in neurological symptoms. in contras ... | 2004 | 15331418 |
| contribution of pathogens in human obesity. | obesity is increasing rapidly in the united states as well as in other countries. the world health organization considers obesity a worldwide epidemic that poses a major public health threat. in humans, obesity causes or exacerbates a number of other diseases and co-morbidities. etiology of obesity includes genetic, metabolic, social, behavioral and cultural factors. although obesity has multiple causes, an often overlooked possibility is that of obesity due to an infection. over the past two de ... | 2004 | 15334180 |
| [detection of antibody against borna disease virus-p24 in the plasma of chinese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome by western-blot analysis]. | to evaluate the prevalence of infection with borna disease virus (bdv) in chinese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and control subjects, and to discuss the etiological association between cfs and infection with bdv. | 2003 | 15340544 |
| the use of peptide arrays for the characterization of monospecific antibody repertoires from polyclonal sera of psychiatric patients suspected of infection by borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is suspected to infect humans and to be associated with psychiatric disorders. to this date, bdv-reactive antibodies provide the only reliable markers to diagnose human bdv infection. their diagnostic value, however, was recently questioned by the observation that these antibodies recognize bdv antigen with only low avidity, a typical feature of cross-reacting antibodies. this raised the possibility that the human bdv-reactive antibodies were triggered by other pathogen ... | 2004 | 15384417 |
| developmental alterations in serotoninergic neurotransmission in borna disease virus (bdv)-infected rats: a multidisciplinary analysis. | neonatal borna disease virus (bdv) infection of the rat brain serves as a valuable model for studying the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental abnormalities following early brain injury. previous experiments have demonstrated significant alterations in regional tissue content of serotonin (5-ht) in neonatally bdv-infected lewis rats. the present study sought to provide more insights into postnatal virus-associated alterations in 5-ht neurotransmission by evaluating the density of 5-ht1a receptors ... | 2004 | 15385249 |
| [screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against zoonotic agents in employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria. sixty out of 120 employees participated in the study. in 97% of them antibodies to at least one zoonotic agent were identified. only two participants were free of antibodies to the zoonotic agents tested. the following seroprevalences (in brackets) were obtained: viral zoonotic (and potentially zoonotic) agents: influenzavirus a/h1n1 ... | 2004 | 15495931 |
| age-specific seroprevalence of border disease virus and presence of persistently infected sheep in basque dairy-sheep flocks. | using p125/p80 antibody and antigen-elisa tests, age-specific seroprevalence and presence of persistently infected (pi) sheep were investigated in six commercial latxa dairy-flocks, housed for variable periods. the flocks all had a recent history of border disease (bd). every flock included seropositive sheep and seven 0.5-3-year-old pi sheep were detected in two of four flocks tested. age-specific antibody patterns differed according to the presence or absence of pi sheep in the flock. in flock ... | 2004 | 15501153 |
| susceptibility of borna disease virus to the antiviral action of gamma-interferon: evidence for species-specific differences. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection in its predominant natural host - horses and sheep - leads to fatal meningoencephalomyelitis. the immune-mediated disease can also be induced experimentally in rats following intra- cerebral bdv infection. despite a vigorous immune response, bdv persists in the central nervous system (cns) in surviving rats. however, immunization of rats with bdv-specific t-cells prior to challenge with bdv prevents neurological disease and results in virus clearance from the ... | 2004 | 15503205 |
| overlap of interaction domains indicates a central role of the p protein in assembly and regulation of the borna disease virus polymerase complex. | the active polymerase complex of borna disease virus is composed of the viral proteins n, p, and l. the viral x (negative regulatory factor) protein acts as a regulator of polymerase activity. interactions of p with n and x were previously studied, but interactions with l were poorly defined. using a mammalian two-hybrid system, we observed that l specifically interacts with p but not with n, x, or itself. mapping of the l-binding domain in the p molecule revealed that it overlaps with two adjac ... | 2004 | 15509569 |
| a novel pestivirus associated with deaths in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). | during investigations into recent population decreases in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) 21 animals found dead or dying were necropsied. immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a pestivirus in organs from two of the 21 chamois. from one of these animals a pestivirus was isolated from the spleen, skin and serum. the virus had better growth in ovine than in bovine cells and was neutralized most effectively by an anti-border disease virus (bdv) reference antiserum. using pan ... | 2004 | 15557238 |
| detection of a novel border disease virus subgroup in tunisian sheep. | nine pestiviruses isolated from different batches of a contaminated tunisian sheep pox vaccine and one tunisian field ovine isolate of border disease virus (bdv) were studied at the antigenic and molecular levels. seroneutralization tests were carried out on three vaccine isolates, the tunisian field isolate and representative reference strains of the different pestivirus groups. the antigenic study showed that the tunisian isolates were closer to the two bdv reference strains than to the alfort ... | 2004 | 15578240 |
| prevention of virus persistence and protection against immunopathology after borna disease virus infection of the brain by a novel orf virus recombinant. | the parapoxvirus orf virus represents a promising candidate for novel vector vaccines due to its immune modulating properties even in nonpermissive hosts such as mouse or rat. the highly attenuated orf virus strain d1701 was used to generate a recombinant virus (d1701-vrvp40) expressing nucleoprotein p40 of borna disease virus, which represents a major antigen for the induction of a borna disease virus-specific humoral and cellular immune response. infection with borna disease virus leads to dis ... | 2005 | 15596826 |
| [sequence variability in borna disease virus orf ii from human beings]. | 40 clones from five psychiatric patients and three healthy blood donors in whom borna disease virus (bdv) orf ii fragments in pbmc were previously proved by nested rt-pcr were sequenced and compared with bdv/mdck. there were eleven point mutations in all clones compared with reported he80-1, but no difference between human and bdv/mdck clones. we found specific sequence variability at nt 1701 in ten clones from two psychiatric disorder patients (t-->c) and at nt 1696 in fifteen clones from three ... | 1997 | 15617247 |
| the functional avidity of virus-specific cd8+ t cells is down-modulated in borna disease virus-induced immunopathology of the central nervous system. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection of the central nervous system (cns) leads to severe neurological symptoms in susceptible mrl mice. the disease is mainly mediated by cd8+ t cells specific for the immunodominant epitope teleissi in the bdv nucleoprotein. in this study, teleissi/mhc class i tetramers were used to directly visualize antigen-specific cd8+ t cells. we found that on average approximately 30% of the ex vivo analyzed cd8+ t cells in the cns of diseased mice were specific for teleissi ... | 2005 | 15627979 |
| genome trimming: a unique strategy for replication control employed by borna disease virus. | genome and antigenome synthesis of negative-strand rna viruses is initiated at promoters located in inverted terminal repeats (itr). the itr of borna disease virus (bdv), a persisting neurotropic virus with a nuclear replication phase, are exceptional in that they appear to be noncomplete. our analysis showed that the vast majority of genomic and antigenomic rna molecules of bdv lack four 5'-terminal nucleotides required for perfect complementarity with the 3' itr. by using a previously undescri ... | 2005 | 15728364 |
| genetic clustering of borna disease virus natural animal isolates, laboratory and vaccine strains strongly reflects their regional geographical origin. | the aim of this study was to gain more detailed insights into the genetic evolution and variability of borna disease virus (bdv). phylogenetic analyses were performed on field viruses originating from naturally infected animals, the bdv vaccine strain 'dessau', four widely used laboratory strains and the novel bdv subtype no/98. four regions of the bdv genome were analysed: the complete p40, p10 and p24 genes and the 5'-untranslated region of the x/p transcript. bdv isolates from the same geogra ... | 2005 | 15659758 |
| vaccine-induced protection against borna disease in wild-type and perforin-deficient mice. | borna disease virus (bdv) can persistently infect the central nervous system and induce cd8+ t-cell-mediated neurological disease in mrl mice. to determine whether specific immune priming would prevent disease, a prime-boost immunization protocol was established in which intramuscular injection of a recombinant parapoxvirus expressing bdv nucleoprotein (bdv-n) was followed by intraperitoneal infection with vaccinia virus expressing bdv-n. immunized wild-type and perforin-deficient mice remained ... | 2005 | 15659759 |
| brain potential amplitude varies as a function of borna disease virus-specific immune complexes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | | 2005 | 15668719 |
| persistent borna disease virus infection confers instability of hsp70 mrna in glial cells during heat stress. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a highly neurotropic rna virus that causes neurological disorders in many vertebrate species. although bdv readily establishes lasting persistence, persistently infected cells maintain an apparently normal cell phenotype in terms of morphology, viability, and proliferation. in this study, to understand the regulation of stress responses in bdv infection, we investigated the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) in glial cells persistently infected with bdv. intere ... | 2005 | 15681405 |
| borna disease virus and mental health: a cross-sectional study. | borna disease is an infectious neurological disease of horses, sheep and possibly other animals. a role for borna disease virus (bdv) in human neurological and psychiatric illness has been proposed, but this hypothesis remains controversial. | 2005 | 15760925 |
| borna disease virus and the evidence for human pathogenicity: a systematic review. | borna disease is a neurological viral disease of veterinary importance in central europe, although borna disease virus (bdv) has been reported to be present in animals in most continents. the hypothesis that bdv is associated with human illness is controversial. however, should even a small fraction of mental illness be attributable to infection with bdv, this would be an important finding, not least because illness in that sub-population would, theoretically, be preventable. | 2005 | 15760926 |
| mechanism of the antiviral action of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine on borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented, negative-stranded rna virus that causes neurological diseases in a variety of warm-blooded animal species. recently, we showed that the nucleoside analog 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-c) was a potent inhibitor of bdv. this finding was surprising for an rna virus, since ara-c is a dna polymerase inhibitor. thus, we sought to better define the mechanism of action of ara-c on bdv. here, we show that (i) this effect is specific for an arabinoside ... | 2005 | 15767452 |
| cytopathogenicity markers in the genome of hungarian cytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | since genetic recombination is a major factor in the evolution of the cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) biotypes, in this study the cytopathogenicity markers were investigated in the genomes of two cp bvdv strains recently isolated from mucosal disease (md) cases in hungary. in the genome of strain h4956, a jiv-like insertion was found similar to those described in reference strain nadl and in other bvdv 1, bvdv 2 and border disease virus (bdv) strains. the 133 amino acid j ... | 2005 | 15782665 |
| autistic disorder and viral infections. | autistic disorder (autism) is a behaviorally defined developmental disorder with a wide range of behaviors. although the etiology of autism is unknown, data suggest that autism results from multiple etiologies with both genetic and environmental contributions, which may explain the spectrum of behaviors seen in this disorder. one proposed etiology for autism is viral infection very early in development. the mechanism, by which viral infection may lead to autism, be it through direct infection of ... | 2005 | 15804954 |
| detection of anti-borna disease virus antibodies by western blot analysis. | | 2005 | 15808296 |
| variation in immunogenicity of ruminant pestiviruses as determined by the neutralisation assay. | immunogenicity in naive three-month-old friesian bull calves of nine ruminant pestiviruses, three each of type 1 bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), type 2 bvdv and border disease virus (bdv) was directly compared in reciprocal cross-neutralisation tests using sera obtained eight weeks after intranasal and intravenous inoculation with live virus. cytopathic (cp) type 1 bvdv strain c86, non-cytopathic (ncp) type 2 bvdv strain 890 and ncp bdv strain v2536/2 were found to elicit significantly broa ... | 2005 | 15848792 |
| constitutive activation of the transcription factor nf-kappab results in impaired borna disease virus replication. | the inducible transcription factor nf-kappab is commonly activated upon rna virus infection and is a key player in the induction and regulation of the innate immune response. borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic negative-strand rna virus, which replicates in the nucleus of the infected cell and causes a persistent infection that can lead to severe neurological disorders. to investigate the activation and function of nf-kappab in bdv-infected cells, we stably transfected the highly suscepti ... | 2005 | 15857990 |
| functional characterization of the genomic promoter of borna disease virus (bdv): implications of 3'-terminal sequence heterogeneity for bdv persistence. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an enveloped virus with a genome organization characteristic of mononegavirales. however, based on its unique features, bdv is considered the prototypic member of a new virus family, bornaviridae, within the order mononegavirales. we have described the establishment of a reverse genetics system for the rescue of bdv rna analogues, or minigenomes, that is based on the use of polymerase i/polymerase ii. using this bdv minigenome rescue system, we have examined the func ... | 2005 | 15858040 |
| oligomerization and assembly of the matrix protein of borna disease virus. | the matrix protein m of borna disease virus (bdv) is a constituent of the viral envelope covering the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. bdv-m was expressed as recombinant protein in escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and structurally analyzed. recombinant m (i) forms non-covalently bound multimers with a stoke's radius of 35 angstroms estimated by size exclusion chromatography, (ii) consists of tetramers detected by analytical ultracentrifugation, and (iii) appears by electron microscop ... | 2005 | 15862310 |
| detection by radioligand assay of antibodies against borna disease virus in patients with various psychiatric disorders. | using a radioligand assay, which preserves the natural form of the antigen, antibodies against borna disease virus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein were detected in 11 and 19 sera of 171 psychiatric patients, respectively. compared with results by western blotting, three and nine sera were concordantly positive, respectively. the four sera showing the highest levels of antibodies by radioligand assay were all negative by western blotting; however, dilution and inhibition tests supported the posi ... | 2005 | 15879032 |
| borna disease virus interference with neuronal plasticity. | viruses able to infect the central nervous system (cns) are increasingly being recognized as important factors that can cause mental diseases by interfering with neuronal plasticity. the mechanisms whereby such infections disturb brain functions are beginning to emerge. borna disease virus (bdv), which causes a persistent infection of neurons without direct cytolysis in several mammalian hosts, has recently gained interest as a unique model to study the mechanisms of viral interference with neur ... | 2005 | 15885838 |
| [clinical characteristics of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: analysis of 82 cases]. | to analyze the clinical characteristics of chinese patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and provide clinical and laboratory evidence for the study of its etiology and treatment. | 2005 | 15932738 |
| identification of the borna disease virus (bdv) proteins required for the formation of bdv-like particles. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an enveloped virus with a non-segmented, negative-strand rna genome that has an organization characteristic of mononegavirales. however, based on its unique genetics and biological features bdv is considered to be the prototypic member of a new virus family, bornaviridae. here, the use of a reverse genetic approach to identify the viral proteins required for packaging of bdv rna analogues (mg) into infectious virus-like particles (vlps) was described. plasmids encodi ... | 2005 | 15958667 |
| novel insights into the regulation of the viral polymerase complex of neurotropic borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) genetic information is encoded in a highly condensed non-segmented rna genome of negative polarity. replication and transcription of the genome occurs in the nucleus, enabling the virus to employ the cellular splicing machinery to process primary transcripts and to regulate expression of viral gene products. bdv establishes a non-cytolytic, persistent infection that in animals is mainly restricted to neurons of the central nervous system. based on these unique propertie ... | 2005 | 15992626 |
| genetic typing of pestiviruses from new zealand. | to investigate the genetic type of 20 pestiviruses collected from new zealand over the period 1967-97. | 1998 | 16032008 |
| olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses. | olfactory receptor neurons are unique in their anatomical structure and function. each neuron is directly exposed to the external environment at the site of its dendritic nerve terminals where it is exposed to macromolecules. these molecules can be incorporated into by olfactory receptor neurons and transported transsynaptically to the central nervous system. certain neurotropic pathogens such as herpes simplex virus and borna disease virus make use of this physiological mechanism to invade the ... | 2005 | 16036791 |
| maturation of borna disease virus glycoprotein. | the maturation of borna disease virus (bdv) glycoprotein gp was studied in regard to intracellular compartmentalization, compartmentalization signal-domains, proteolytic processing, and packaging into virus particles. our data show that bdv-gp is (i) predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (er), (ii) partially exists in the er already as cleaved subunits gp-n and gp-c, (iii) is directed to the er/cis-golgi region by its transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains in cd8-bdv-gp hybrid con ... | 2005 | 16098520 |
| genetic characterization of a caprine pestivirus as the first member of a putative novel pestivirus subgroup. | currently, the genus pestivirus comprises four approved species, namely bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus (bdv). recently, three major genotypes have been identified within the species bdv and termed as subgroups bdv-1, bdv-2 and bdv-3. here, an isolate from animals in a herd showing bd-like syndromes, which occurred in central italy was analysed. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed using prim ... | 2005 | 16115092 |
| detection and quantitative pathogenesis study of classical swine fever virus using a real time rt-pcr assay. | a real time reverse transcription (rt) taqman pcr assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) previously described for use on a smartcycler was validated on the applied biosystems ab 7700 sequence detection system using the roche magna pure instrument for nucleic acid extraction and reaction set up. the primers and probe were specific for the csfv strains (nsw, baker and weybridge) and did not react with other pestiviruses (bdv tobias, bdv #327, bvdv non-cpe and bvdv c24v). ana ... | 2006 | 16139899 |
| borna disease virus replication in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from rats results in selective damage of dentate granule cells. | in the hippocampus of borna disease virus (bdv)-infected newborn rats, dentate granule cells undergo progressive cell death. bdv is noncytolytic, and the pathogenesis of this neurodevelopmental damage in the absence of immunopathology remains unclear. a suitable model system to study early events of the pathology is lacking. we show here that organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from newborn rat pups are a suitable ex vivo model to examine bdv neuropathogenesis. after challenging hippocampal s ... | 2005 | 16140749 |
| antibodies to borna disease virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | mechanisms causing persistence and reactivation of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) are unknown. borna disease virus (bdv) frequently causes latent or persistent infection in the nervous system. we investigated a possible association of these viruses in sspe. although bdv seropositivity was similar in sspe and control groups, sspe patients with high antibodies to bdv had earlier and more rapid disease. the findings suggest that bdv might be involved in the course, but ... | 2005 | 16148853 |
| expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 and haeme oxygenase-1 in brains of rats infected with the neurotropic borna disease virus. | experimental infection of lewis rats with borna disease virus (bdv) causes an immune-mediated nonpurulent meningoencephalitis. viral persistence in the central nervous system is accompanied by mononuclear infiltrates, activated monocytic/microglial cells and reactive astrocytes. the immune-mediated process was further characterized by expression analysis of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1), a novel marker of monocyte/microglial activation and of glial fibrillary acid protein (gfap) betwee ... | 2005 | 16150122 |
| atypical gliosis in müller cells of the slowly degenerating rds mutant mouse retina. | retinal müller glial cells are known to undergo reactive changes (gliosis) in various retinal diseases. in virtually all cases studied, an upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and a hypertrophy can be observed. physiological alterations, such as a strong downregulation of inwardly rectifying k+ (kir) currents, were found after retinal detachment (man, rabbit) and after ischemia/reperfusion (rat) but not in more slowly progressing retinal degenerations (borna disease virus-infec ... | 2006 | 16154566 |
| viral targeting of the interferon-{beta}-inducing traf family member-associated nf-{kappa}b activator (tank)-binding kinase-1. | expression of the antiviral cytokines ifn-alpha/beta is among the most potent innate defenses of higher vertebrates to virus infections, which is controlled by the inducible transcription factor ifn regulatory factor (irf)3. borna disease virus (bdv) establishes persistent noncytolytic infections in animals and tissue culture cells, indicating that it can circumvent this antiviral reaction by an unexplained activity. in this study, we identify the bdv p protein as microbial gene product that ass ... | 2005 | 16155125 |
| isolation of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes from infected cells by tandem affinity purification. | the biochemical purification and analysis of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (rnps) of negative-strand rna viruses is hampered by the lack of suitable tags that facilitate specific enrichment of these complexes. we therefore tested whether fusion of the tandem-affinity-purification (tap) tag to the main component of viral rnps, the nucleoprotein, might allow the isolation of these rnps from cells. we constitutively expressed tap-tagged nucleoprotein of borna disease virus (bdv) in cells persis ... | 2005 | 16206331 |
| the negative regulator of borna disease virus polymerase is a non-structural protein. | the x protein of borna disease virus (bdv) negatively regulates viral polymerase activity. with a bdv mini-replicon system, 30 % inhibition of polymerase activity was observed at an x to phosphoprotein (p) plasmid ratio of 1:6 and 100 % inhibition at a ratio of 1:1. it was therefore hypothesized that (i) the x:p ratio in infected cells is not significantly higher than 1:6 to prevent complete inhibition of polymerase activity and (ii) x is not efficiently incorporated into viral particles, allowi ... | 2005 | 16227240 |
| cd8 t cells require gamma interferon to clear borna disease virus from the brain and prevent immune system-mediated neuronal damage. | borna disease virus (bdv) frequently causes meningoencephalitis and fatal neurological disease in young but not old mice of strain mrl. disease does not result from the virus-induced destruction of infected neurons. rather, it is mediated by h-2(k)-restricted antiviral cd8 t cells that recognize a peptide derived from the bdv nucleoprotein n. persistent bdv infection in mice is not spontaneously cleared. we report here that n-specific vaccination can protect wild-type mrl mice but not mutant mrl ... | 2005 | 16227271 |
| detection of a newly described pestivirus of pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in france. | a pestivirus was detected and characterized in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) originating from the french part of the pyrenees. phylogenetic analysis of the pestivirus was done on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region including 22 published nucleotide sequences of different pestivirus strains. our strain was grouped within the clade of border disease viruses (bdv). however, it had an intermediate position between clade bdv and classical swine fever viruses representing a ... | 2005 | 16244072 |
| development of a real time rt-pcr to detect and type ovine pestiviruses. | a real time one-step rt-pcr was designed to detect and type border disease virus (bdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 and bvdv type 2 in ovine samples. the real time rt-pcr was shown to behave in a linear manner and had limits of detection of 100-1000 copies of viral rna as judged by in vitro transcribed rna. the real time rt-pcr was validated on 50 clinical samples from uk flocks and was more sensitive than a virus isolation and a classical nested rt-pcr (nrt-pcr). the results of re ... | 2006 | 16309752 |
| detection of borna disease virus p24 rna in peripheral blood cells from brazilian mood and psychotic disorder patients. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a virus that naturally infects a broad range of warm-blooded animals. bdv is an enveloped virus, non-segmented, negative-stranded rna genome and has an organization characteristic of a member of bornaviridae in the order of mononegavirale. in the present work we investigated the presence of bdv p24 rna in peripheral blood cells from 30 psychiatric patients (19 with mood disorder and 11 with psychotic disorder) and 30 healthy volunteers as the control group. | 2006 | 16324750 |
| no evidence of endemic borna disease virus infection in australian horses in contrast with endemic infection in other continents. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a unique rna virus that is a cause of neurological disease in horses, sheep and cats. the finding that bdv also infects humans has raised concern related to the impact of infection with this virus. the extent to which bdv may be endemic in geographical regions outside europe is of interest in management of international movement of animals including horses. sera from australian horses (n = 553) sampled in sydney, new south wales (nsw), were analysed for bdv antigen, ... | 2006 | 16328145 |
| detection of vvibdv in vaccinated spf chickens. | the purpose of our experiment was to investigate, if apparently healthy, vaccinated chickens may be involved in maintaining and spreading infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in poultry environments. we aimed at simultaneous detection and identification of very virulent field strain ibdv (vvibdv) as well as vaccine strain ibdv in experimentally infected chickens. two groups of specific pathogen free (spf) chickens were vaccinated using the intermediate infectious bursal disease (ibd) vaccine d ... | 2005 | 16398333 |
| kappa opioid control of seizures produced by a virus in an animal model. | epilepsy remains a major medical problem of unknown aetiology. potentially, viruses can be environmental triggers for development of seizures in genetically vulnerable individuals. an estimated half of encephalitis patients experience seizures and approximately 4% develop status epilepticus. epilepsy vulnerability has been associated with a dynorphin promoter region polymorphism or low dynorphin expression genotype, in man. in animals, the dynorphin system in the hippocampus is known to regulate ... | 2006 | 16399805 |
| a methionine-rich domain mediates crm1-dependent nuclear export activity of borna disease virus phosphoprotein. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus that replicates and transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. recently, we have demonstrated that bdv phosphoprotein (p) can modulate its subcellular localization through binding to the protein x, which is encoded in the overlapping open reading frame (t. kobayashi et al., j. virol. 77:8099-8107, 2003). this observation suggested a unique strategy of intracellular trafficking of a viral protein that is essential for the f ... | 2006 | 16414989 |
| prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses in goats in austria. | serological investigations were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in goats in austria, and to investigate the possible relations to herd management practices. the prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated in 549 goats in 80 flocks from four regions of austria. the examination for antibodies was performed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting antibodies to the border disease virus (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). ... | 2006 | 16460357 |
| epidemiological pattern of classical borna disease and regional genetic clustering of borna disease viruses point towards the existence of to-date unknown endemic reservoir host populations. | classical borna disease (cbd), a non-purulent encephalitis of solipeds and sheep, is endemic in certain areas of central europe. the etiologic agent is borna disease virus (bdv), thus far the only member of the family bornaviridae. based on epidemiological patterns of cbd and recent phylogenetic findings this review hypothesizes the possible existence of yet unknown bdv reservoir host populations, and analyzes critically bdvs from outside endemic regions. | 2006 | 16469519 |
| absence of borna disease virus in the cns of epilepsy patients. | | 2006 | 16497548 |
| prevalence of borna disease virus antibodies in healthy japanese black cattle in kyushu. | epidemiological studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic infection of borna disease virus (bdv) is found in various species of animals in japan. recent reports have also revealed that neurological diseases caused by this virus could exist in horses, cattle, a dog, and cats in this country. in this study, we investigated seroprevalence of bdv antibodies in japanese black cows reared in kyushu, the southernmost main island of japan, using elisa and western-immunoblotting. of 101 serum samples, ... | 2006 | 16520541 |
| borna disease virus: the generation and review of a scientific study. | the paper uses interviews and observational data gathered among a group of uk scientists and civil servants responsible for managing a study examining the possible transmission to humans of borna disease virus (bdv), a disease primarily of farm animals. from a science and technology studies perspective, the paper examines the social processes whereby this scientific problem (possible human transmission) was constituted as a worthy topic of scientific investigation, came to receive funding, and w ... | 2006 | 16530903 |
| [can obesity be infectious?]. | currently the presence of obesity is increasing and it has become the basic civilisation illness of our times. up to date no attention has been paid to the possibility of etiology of infectious obesity. recently some publications have appeared whose authors suggest a possibility of an infectious derivation of some forms of obesity. six pathogens causing obesity in animals have been described: canine distemper virus (cdv), avian adenovirus, borna disease virus (bdv), smam-1, human adenovirus ad-3 ... | 2005 | 16541729 |
| borna disease virus blocks potentiation of presynaptic activity through inhibition of protein kinase c signaling. | infection by borna disease virus (bdv) enables the study of the molecular mechanisms whereby a virus can persist in the central nervous system and lead to altered brain function in the absence of overt cytolysis and inflammation. this neurotropic virus infects a wide variety of vertebrates and causes behavioral diseases. the basis of bdv-induced behavioral impairment remains largely unknown. here, we investigated whether bdv infection of neurons affected synaptic activity, by studying the rate o ... | 2006 | 16552443 |
| metallothioneins and zinc dysregulation contribute to neurodevelopmental damage in a model of perinatal viral infection. | neonatal borna disease (nbd) virus infection in the lewis rat results in life-long viral persistence and causes behavioral and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. a hallmark of the disorder is progressive loss of cerebellar purkinje and dentate gyrus granule cells. findings of increased brain metallothionein-i and -ii (mt-i/-ii) mrna expression in cdna microarray experiments led us to investigate mt isoforms and their relationship to brain zinc metabolism, cellular toxicity, and neurodevelopmental ... | 2006 | 16612977 |
| letter to the editor refuting "epidemiological pattern of classical borna disease and regional genetic clustering of borna disease viruses point towards the existence of to-date unknown endemic reservoir host populations" by ralf dürrwald, jolanta kolodziejek, aemero muluneh, sibylle herzog and norbert nowotny, microbes and infection 8 (2006) 917-929. | | 2006 | 16616572 |
| a multiplex dna suspension microarray for simultaneous detection and differentiation of classical swine fever virus and other pestiviruses. | an oligonucleotide suspension microarray (luminex microsphere system) was developed for detection and differentiation of animal pestiviruses: classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2), and border disease virus (bdv). species-specific and pestivirus-common oligonucleotide probes were designed to the 5' utr region and conjugated to individual color-coded luminex carboxy beads (probe beads). target pestivirus sequences were amplified by asymmetr ... | 2006 | 16690139 |
| development of a novel borna disease virus reverse genetics system using rna polymerase ii promoter and sv40 nuclear import signal. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a noncytolytic, neurotropic rna virus that replicates and transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. therefore, efficient synthesis of bdv rna in the nucleus is critical for the development of a reverse genetics system for this virus. here, we report the development of such a system using the rna polymerase ii (pol ii) promoter. the bdv minigenome cdna was flanked by hammerhead ribozyme and hepatitis delta ribozyme sequences and inserted downstream of the pol ii p ... | 2006 | 16697679 |
| shrews as reservoir hosts of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is the causative agent of severe t-cell-mediated meningoencephalitis in horses, sheep, and other animal species in central europe. here we report the first unequivocal detection of a bdv reservoir species, the bicolored white-toothed shrew, crocidura leucodon, in an area in switzerland with endemic borna disease. | 2006 | 16704819 |
| preservation of rna and destruction of infectivity in microdissected brain tissues of lewis rats infected with the borna disease virus. | laser microdissection combined with real-time rt-pcr presents an advanced tool to quantify particular rna species in defined tissue areas. dealing with infectious tissue samples increases the need to overcome the risk of infectivity and contamination during laser microdissection. here, an useful method to control infectivity of frozen brain sections infected with the borna disease virus (bdv), an enveloped rna virus, is described. various pre-treatments were applied prior to laser microdissectio ... | 2006 | 16707170 |
| rna polymerase ii-controlled expression of antigenomic rna enhances the rescue efficacies of two different members of the mononegavirales independently of the site of viral genome replication. | de novo generation of negative-strand rna viruses depends on the efficient expression of antigenomic rna (crna) from cdna. to improve the rescue system of borna disease virus (bdv), a member of the mononegavirales with a nuclear replication phase, we evaluated different rna polymerase (pol) promoters for viral crna expression. human and mouse pol i promoters did not increase the recovery rate of infectious bdv from cdna compared to the originally employed t7 rna polymerase system. in contrast, e ... | 2006 | 16731909 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in korean native goat (capra hircus). | in the genus pestivirus, four genetically distinct viral species are currently recognized: bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). bvdv-1 and bdv infections have been described in goat species. since 1998, border disease (bd) like symptoms in goats have been reported repeatedly in two southern-most provinces of korea, which until then had been regarded as being free from bd. as a result of retrospective inves ... | 2006 | 16766076 |
| the effect of infection of hatched blastocyst bovine embryos with border disease and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses at early stages of pregnancy is not fully understood. this study aimed to look at the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), on early stage embryos at the hatched blastocyst stage. bvdv and bdv are known to cross the placenta of infected mothers and lead to congenital defects and death of developing fetuses. this study can be a good model for better understanding the ... | 2006 | 16771222 |
| "self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), together with classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, belongs to the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae. bvdv is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. in addition to evading the adaptive immune system, bvdv evades ... | 2006 | 16809298 |
| failure to detect borna disease virus antigen and rna in human blood. | borna disease virus (bdv) is the etiological agent of a rare progressive meningoencephalitis that affects mostly horses and sheep. there is an unresolved debate whether also humans are susceptible to infection with bdv and if so, whether this might be associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. one recent key publication employing an elisa-based sandwich assay reported prevalences of bdv-specific circulating immune complexes in human blood as high as 30% in the normal population and up to 100% in ... | 2006 | 16822717 |
| presence of borna disease virus (bdv)-specific structural components in human blood plasma. | | 2006 | 16829182 |
| pestiviruses in wild animals. | pestiviruses are not strictly host-species specific and can infect not only domestic but also wild animals. the most important pestivirus, csfv, infects domestic pigs and wild boars, which may cause a major problem for successful csfv eradication programmes. mainly bvdv specific antibodies have been reported in captive and free-living animals. virus has been isolated from some of these animal species, but since bvdv can contaminate cell cultures and foetal calf serum, early reports of bvdv isola ... | 2006 | 16839713 |
| borna disease virus (bdv) infection in cats. a concise review based on current knowledge. | persistent viral infections of the central nervous system have been the subject of intense interest for decades. one of these viral agents has been identified as borna disease virus (bdv) of the family bornaviridae. there have been various reports that link bdv to staggering disease in cats, with symptoms that include ataxia and behavioural disorders, and the disease is often referred to as feline borna disease. serological and molecular detection of bdv has been reported at a higher prevalence ... | 2006 | 16841569 |
| genetic typing and prevalence of border disease virus (bdv) in small ruminant flocks in spain. | between 2001 and 2002, samples from 1,413 animals in 21 spanish small ruminant flocks, most of them with animals showing clinical signs compatible with border disease (bd), were screened for the presence of pestivirus antigen and antibodies by an indirect peroxidase monolayer assay (ipma) and the virus neutralization test (vnt), respectively. although all flocks harboured seropositive animals, virus could only be isolated from animals in five of the flocks. between 4 and 11 months later all anim ... | 2006 | 16857326 |
| abnormal social behaviors in young and adult rats neonatally infected with borna disease virus. | autism spectrum disorders (asd) have been the focus of a great deal of research and clinical speculation. this intense interest relates to both the perplexing pathogenesis and devastating consequences of these disorders. one of the obstacles to understanding the pathogenesis of autism and to developing efficient treatment has been the paucity of animal models that could be used for hypotheses-driven mechanistic studies of abnormal brain and behavior development and for the pre-clinical testing n ... | 2007 | 16860408 |
| identification of a novel virulence determinant within the e2 structural glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein contains a discrete epitope (tavspttlr, residues 829-837 of csfv polyprotein) recognized by monoclonal antibody (mab) wh303, used to differentiate csfv from related ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), that infect swine without causing disease. progressive mutations were introduced into mab wh303 epitope in csfv virulent strain brescia (bicv) to obtain the homologous amino acid sequence of bvd ... | 2006 | 16908042 |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration in rats neonatally infected with borna disease virus. | borna disease virus infection of neonatal rats results in a characteristic behavioral syndrome and apoptosis of subsets of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebellum (neonatal borna disease [nbd]). the cellular mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental damage in nbd have not been fully elucidated. insights into this model may have general implications for understanding the pathogenesis of virus-associated neurodevelopmental damage. here we report the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress m ... | 2006 | 16912310 |
| greyhound meningoencephalitis: pcr-based detection methods highlight an absence of the most likely primary inducing agents. | greyhound meningoencephalitis is currently classified as a breed-associated idiopathic central nervous system inflammatory disorder. the non-suppurative inflammatory response can be distinguished from the other breed-associated disorders based on histopathology and lesion topography, however the nature of the response primarily suggests a viral infection. in the present study pcr and rt-pcr technologies were employed on frozen cerebral tissue from confirmed cases of meningoencephalitis to target ... | 2006 | 16962261 |
| reverse-genetic approaches to the study of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an enveloped virus that has a non-segmented, negative-strand rna genome with the characteristic organization of the mononegaviruses. however, based on its unique genetic and biological features, bdv is considered to be the prototypic member of a new mononegavirus family, the bornaviridae. bdv causes central nervous system (cns) disease in a wide variety of mammals. this article discusses the recently developed reverse-genetics systems for bdv, and the implications fo ... | 2006 | 16964271 |
| flock-prevalence of border disease virus infection in basque dairy-sheep estimated by bulk-tank milk analysis. | bulk-tank milk (btm) samples from 154 sheep flocks were used to estimate bdv prevalence in the basque country in spain using an elisa and a rt-pcr test. the proportion of antibody-positive flocks was 68% but varied significantly between provinces and was 93% in araba and 54-55% in bizkaia and gipuzkoa. most elisa-positive flocks had very low antibody inhibition percentage (aip) indicating high seroprevalence and recent bdv exposure. however, only 9% flocks were pcr-positive suggesting few infect ... | 2006 | 16979308 |
| reverse transcription real-time pcr assays for detection and quantification of borna disease virus in diseased hosts. | borna disease is a severe, immunopathological disorder of the central nervous system caused by the infection with the borna disease virus (bdv). the detection of bdv in diseased animals, mainly sheep and horses, is achieved by histological, immunohistochemical and serological approaches and/or pcr-based technologies. in the present study, reverse transcription, real-time pcr assays were established for the detection of bdv in the brain tissue from sheep and horses, using loci for the p40 (nucleo ... | 2007 | 17014984 |
| activation of microglia by borna disease virus infection: in vitro study. | neonatal borna disease virus (bdv) infection of the rat brain is associated with microglial activation and damage to the certain neuronal populations. since persistent bdv infection of neurons in vitro is noncytolytic and noncytopathic, activated microglia have been suggested to be responsible for neuronal cell death in vivo. however, the mechanisms of activation of microglia in neonatally bdv-infected rat brain have not been investigated. to address these issues, activation of primary rat micro ... | 2006 | 17020949 |
| [progress and investigation of neuronal plasticity interfered by borna disease virus infection]. | borna disease virus (bdv) is highly neuronotropic. recently, more and more investigations indicated that bdv infection was close related to human neuropsychic disorders. however, the mechanism underlying the disorders was unclear to date. some investigators thought neuronal plasticity changes by bdv infection in the central nervous system may be it's cardinal basis. many researchers have studied the molecular mechanisms, which might lead to disturbances in neuronal plasticity by bdv infection, t ... | 2006 | 17037079 |
| immunohistochemical screening for viral agents in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with myelopathy. | numerous cases of acute-onset progressive ataxia, hindlimb paresis and paralysis of unknown aetiology occurred during 1993 to 2003 in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) within the european endangered species programme (eep). this study describes the immunohistochemical investigation of a possible viral aetiology of the "cheetah myelopathy". antibodies to feline herpesvirus type 1, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and borna disease virus were applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brai ... | 2006 | 17056652 |
| viral-induced inflammation is accompanied by beta-amyloid plaque reduction in brains of amyloid precursor protein transgenic tg2576 mice. | amyloid plaques, one of the neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease, and their main constituent, the amyloid beta-peptide (abeta), are triggers of the activation of innate inflammatory mechanisms involving the activation of microglia. to dissect the effects of a non-abeta-specific microglial activation on the abeta metabolism, we employed a viral infection-based model. transgenic mice expressing a mutated form of the human amyloid precursor protein (tg2576) were used. in preceding exp ... | 2006 | 17067295 |
| borna disease virus matrix protein is an integral component of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex that does not interfere with polymerase activity. | we have recently shown that the matrix protein m of borna disease virus (bdv) copurifies with the affinity-purified nucleoprotein (n) from bdv-infected cells, suggesting that m is an integral component of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex (rnp). however, further studies were hampered by the lack of appropriate tools. here we generated an m-specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum to investigate the intracellular distribution of m as well as its colocalization with other viral proteins in bdv-infec ... | 2007 | 17079312 |
| activators of potassium m currents have anticonvulsant actions in two rat models of encephalitis. | opioid systems in hippocampus regulate excitability and kappa opioids have a role in anticonvulsant protection, but their mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. we examined the ability of opioid and nonopioid agents with overlapping ionic mechanisms and actions similar to kappa opioid agonists, to block seizures in rat models of encephalitis due to borna disease virus and herpes simplex virus type-1. naltrindole, a delta antagonist and thus a kappa opioid sparing agent, (10 mg/kg s.c. ... | 2007 | 17126318 |
| genetic and antigenic typing of border disease virus isolates in sheep from the iberian peninsula. | a selection of 10 pestiviruses isolated from sheep from the iberian peninsula from 2001 to 2004 was characterised at the molecular level. the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) and n(pro)-coding gene were amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequenced directly from purified products. all isolates were also typed antigenically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against representative isolates of the four recognised pestivirus species. the gen ... | 2007 | 17126573 |
| serological evidence for borna disease virus infection in humans, wild rodents and other vertebrates in finland. | borna disease virus (bdv) can infect many vertebrate species, including humans. bdv infection may lead to meningoencephalomyelitis in animals. an association with human neuropsychiatric diseases has been reported, but the causal relationship between bdv and human disease remains unclear. | 2007 | 17129759 |
| [study on molecular epidemiology of borna disease virus in ningxia and vicinal regions]. | in order to investigate the epidemics of borna disease virus (bdv) in ningxia and its vicinal regions. | 2006 | 17152506 |
| [therapy-resistant depression with fatigue. a case of presumed streptococcal-associated autoimmune disorder]. | after a tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans, a 31-year-old patient developed headaches, fatigue, multilocular pain and therapy-resistant depression with cognitive disturbances. antibodies against borrelia and borna disease virus, high antibody titers against streptococci at the point of most severe depression and blood-csf barrier dysfunction were found. streptococcal antibody titers were normal 2 years before and 4 years after. with penicillin treatment and tonsillectomy, therapy-resistant ... | 2007 | 17160540 |