| persistent in vitro interaction of virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus with bovine cells. | bovine macrophage and non-macrophage cultures were infected with either virulent or attenuated canine distemper virus (cdv). macrophages were resistant to virulent cdv; however, they supported growth of the attenuated virus. non-macrophage cultures supported growth of both virus variants in a persistent, non-lytic manner. major differences between these two systems of in vitro viral persistence were seen in the host cell spectrum of progeny virus and the outcome of cocultivation experiments with ... | 1980 | 7447709 |
| measles and canine distemper antibody. presence in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis and matched control subjects. | antibody to measles virus and canine distemper virus (cdv) was demonstrated in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and from carefully matched control subjects. elevated measles and cdv antibody titers were found in patients with ms when compared with the matched control subjects. the correlation between the measles and cdv antibody titers was quite high, suggesting that the antibody levels between the two viruses are very closely related. based on the results of our study and a revie ... | 1981 | 7458716 |
| phylogenetic evidence of canine distemper virus in serengeti's lions. | recently an epizootic, reported to be due to a morbillivirus infection, affected the lion population of the tanzanian serengeti national park. a morbillivirus phosphoprotein (p) gene fragment was amplified by pcr from tissue samples of several affected lions. sequencing of the amplificates and subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed that a wild-type strain of canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) was involved. vaccination of the local domestic dog population with proven safe cdv vaccines is pro ... | 1995 | 7483771 |
| a mimotope from a solid-phase peptide library induces a measles virus-neutralizing and protective antibody response. | a solid-phase 8-mer random combinatorial peptide library was used to generate a panel of mimotopes of an epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody to the f protein of measles virus (mv). an inhibition immunoassay was used to show that these peptides were bound by the monoclonal antibody with different affinities. balb/c mice were coimmunized with the individual mimotopes and a t-helper epitope peptide (from mv fusion protein), and the reactivity of the induced anti-mimotope antibodies with the ... | 1995 | 7494275 |
| measles virus antigens induce both type-specific and canine distemper virus cross-reactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice: localization of a common ld-restricted nucleoprotein epitope. | we have studied the induction of the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to measles virus (mv) antigens expressed as vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants in a murine model. in c3h mice (h-2k) only the nucleoprotein (np) induced a ctl response and this was shown to be cross-reactive with the closely related canine distemper virus (cdv). the presentation of this antigen was shown to be kk-restricted. in balb/c mice (h-2d), both the haemagglutinin (ha) and the np induced a strong ctl response, the fo ... | 1993 | 7504072 |
| serotype-specific and canine distemper virus cross-reactive h-2kk-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes in the measles virus nucleoprotein. | immunization of c3h mice with a vaccinia virus (vv) recombinant expressing the measles virus (mv) nucleoprotein (np) induces an h-2kk-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response. with reference to the predicted peptide epitope motifs binding to this mhc class i molecule, we have used synthetic peptides derived from the primary sequence of the mv np to establish the identity of the kk-restricted ctl epitopes. two octameric peptides, ldrlvrli (aa 52-59) and vespgqli (aa 81-88) sensitized p815 ... | 1994 | 7518168 |
| protection against morbillivirus-induced encephalitis by immunization with a rationally designed synthetic peptide vaccine containing b- and t-cell epitopes from the fusion protein of measles virus. | synthetic peptides representing t- and b-cell epitopes from the fusion (f) protein of measles virus (mv) were tested for their ability to induce a protective immune response against intracerebral challenge with neuroadapted strains of mv and canine distemper virus (cdv) in mice. of the panel of peptides tested, only a chimeric peptide consisting of two copies of a promiscuous t-cell epitope (representing residues 288 to 302 of mv f protein) synthesized at the amino terminus of a b-cell epitope ( ... | 1995 | 7531779 |
| canine distemper virus and myelin mrnas in oligodendrocytes. | | 1994 | 7533928 |
| canine distemper virus-specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis. | current postulates support the idea that ms is triggered by an infectious agent or agents through an autoimmune reaction directed against brain antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. evidence for an infectious etiology of ms is indirect. we have proposed that ms may, in some instances, be due to a zoonotic infection and that canine distemper virus, a measles-like virus in dogs, is a likely candidate in the causation of this disorder. the high homology between canine distemper and measl ... | 1995 | 7543986 |
| detection of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein gene in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by rt-pcr. | for a rapid diagnosis of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection, the reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was carried out to detect cdv nucleoprotein (np) gene from canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). two sets of primers were targeted to two regions of np gene of cdv onderstepoort strain. the np gene fragments were well amplified by the rt-pcr in each of the rna extracts from vero cells infected with 6 laboratory strains of cdv including onderstepoort strain, and from pbmcs of a dog ... | 1995 | 7548395 |
| suppression of canine parvovirus growth in crfk cells by canine distemper virus. | the growth of canine parvovirus (cpv) in crandell feline kidney cells was suppressed when canine distemper virus (cdv) was simultaneously inoculated. the both virus antigens were found in the same cells. the synthesis of capsid protein antigen of cpv decreased in the co-inoculated cells. the growth of cdv was not affected by co-inoculation with cpv. these results suggest that the cdv showed suppressive effects on the cpv growth in cells when they are inoculated simultaneously. | 1995 | 7548414 |
| comments about frequency of vaccination. | | 1995 | 7559036 |
| generation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells from canine bone marrow: effects of canine distemper virus. | recent evidence has implicated canine distemper virus (cdv) as a possible aetiologic agent in paget's disease of bone and the canine bone disorder, metaphyseal osteopathy. we have therefore examined the effects of cdv on the formation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells in cultures of canine bone marrow mononuclear cells. marrow cells from a distemper-infected dog and from five uninfected dogs were cultured in the presence of 1 alpha, 25-(oh)2 vitamin d3 and the number of tartrate resistant ... | 1995 | 7577157 |
| downregulation of endothelin receptor mrna synthesis in c6 rat astrocytoma cells by persistent measles virus and canine distemper virus infections. | persistent infections of c6 rat astrocytoma cells with measles (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [sspe]) virus (c6/sspe cells) or canine distemper virus (c6/cdv cells) cause a loss of endothelin-1 (et-1) binding to its specific receptors (etra type) and subsequent et-1-induced ca2+ signaling. it was the aim of this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon in more detail. by using an rnase protection assay, it was found that etra mrna disappears, whereas other cellular ... | 1995 | 7609093 |
| studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system. | chronic progressive demyelination in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection is associated with persistence of the virus in the nervous system. we studied persistence by examining expression of cdv mrna corresponding to all genes of the virus as well as genomic cdv rna in brain sections of dogs with acute and chronic demyelinating disease. all virus mrnas were expressed in acute demyelinating lesions in a way similar to that seen in lymphoid tissues, the primary replication site of cdv. their dis ... | 1995 | 7618441 |
| post mortem investigations on cetaceans found stranded on the coasts of italy between 1990 and 1993. | detailed pathological and virological examinations were carried out on 25 cetaceans found stranded between 1990 and 1993 on the coasts of six italian regions (latium, tuscany, apulia, abruzzo, veneto and sicily). there were 16 striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), three bottlenosed dolphins (tursiops truncatus), three risso's dolphins (grampus griseus), one rough-toothed dolphin (steno bredanensis), one fin whale pup (balaenoptera physalus), and one minke whale (balaenoptera acutorostrata). ... | 1995 | 7631479 |
| antibodies to heat shock proteins in dogs with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. | antibodies to heat shock proteins of the 65 kda group were demonstrated in canine sera and synovial fluid. this paper reports these antibody measurements in three groups of dogs with joint disease and compares them with those of a control population. dogs with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) showed higher anti-heat shock proteins (hsp) antibody levels, in both their sera and synovial fluids, compared to the control dogs and these antibodies were predominantly of the igg and igm class; there was a sign ... | 1995 | 7640956 |
| evidence for multiple sclerosis as an infectious disease. | evidence for a viral cause of multiple sclerosis (ms) is indirect since no infectious agent has been reproducibly isolated from ms tissues nor has viral genome or antigen been consistently identified. the occurrence of spontaneous human and animal models of demyelination, serologic studies, and epidemiologic data provide persuasive circumstantial evidence for an infectious trigger in this disease. potential mechanisms for viral induced demyelination include persistent infection of host tissues o ... | 1995 | 7653243 |
| ultrastructural study of unidentified inclusions in the cornea and iridocorneal angle of dogs with pannus. | the corneas and/or the iridocorneal angles of 13 dogs were examined morphologically by use of transmission electron microscopy. virologic identification techniques also were used for tissue from 2 dogs. four dogs had clinical signs of chronic superficial keratitis or pannus, 9 dogs had normal eyes. in the tissue from 7 dogs (4 german shepherd dogs with chronic superficial keratitis; 2 german shepherd dogs and 1 mixed-breed dog with normal eyes) we found unusual cytoplasmic inclusions. inclusions ... | 1995 | 7653888 |
| restricted cdv infection leads to oligodendroglial degeneration. | | 1993 | 7687369 |
| restricted expression of viral surface proteins in canine distemper encephalitis. | sixteen dogs with naturally occurring acute and chronic canine distemper virus (cdv) encephalitis were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of the five major cdv-specific proteins in the central nervous system. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against two, three, four and five epitopes of the nucleo- (n), phospho- (p), fusion (f), and hemagglutinin (h) protein, respectively, and a polyclonal monospecific antibody recognizing the matrix (m) protein were used. both core proteins an ... | 1993 | 7687812 |
| in vivo and in vitro expression of canine distemper viral proteins in dogs and non-domestic carnivores. | the occurrence of the nucleo-, phospho-, matrix, fusion, and hemagglutinin proteins of the canine distemper virus (cdv) was investigated immunocytochemically in the brains of 3 dogs, 6 stone martens, 1 polecat, and 1 weasel. in addition, viral protein expression was studied in primary brain cell cultures of the 3 dogs after co-cultivation with vero cells. immunohistochemically, only minor differences, restricted to the h-4 epitope, were noted between the various species and cdv isolates. the dat ... | 1993 | 7691048 |
| electroencephalogram and evoked potentials in the primate model of viral encephalitis. | squirrel monkeys with induced canine distemper virus (cdv) encephalitis showed characteristic clinical signs such as seizures or myoclonus, with eegs showing periodic synchronized discharge (psd). histopathologically, there was gliosis and neuronal degeneration diffusely distributed in both the gray and white matters in the subacute phase, the lesions resembling those found in childhood acute viral encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe). the auditory brain-stem response (abr ... | 1993 | 7691564 |
| [use of an immunoenzyme method for diagnosing canine distemper]. | analysis of the clinical data and laboratory studies brought the authors to a conclusion on the possibility of using dot solid-phase elisa on nitrocellulose for rapid (1 h), simple, and specific detection of canine distemper virus. the method is sufficiently specific, helps specify the clinical diagnosis, and may be used in future for the creation of a commercial test system. | 1994 | 7716924 |
| functional and structural interactions between measles virus hemagglutinin and cd46. | we analyzed the roles of the individual measles virus (mv) surface glycoproteins in mediating functional and structural interactions with human cd46, the primary mv receptor. on one cell population, recombinant vaccinia virus vectors were used to produce the mv hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. as fusion partner cells, various cell types were examined, without or with human cd46 (endogenous or recombinant vaccinia virus encoded). fusion between the two cell populations was monitore ... | 1995 | 7745681 |
| immunological responses after vaccination pre- and post-surgery in dogs. | the effects of several commercially available vaccinations pre- and post-surgery on immune responses by monitoring the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes and humoral antibody responses in dogs were examined. twenty clinical patients presented for surgery were studied. canine parvovirus (cpv) serum antibody titers increased by twofold or more in 17 of 20 dogs and many dogs had an increase by day 7. in 3 of 4 dogs moderate hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers (128 to 256) at the time of vacci ... | 1995 | 7756420 |
| african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) endangered by a canine distemper epizootic among domestic dogs near the masai mara national reserve, kenya. | a longitudinal study of canine distemper (cd) among domestic dogs on malsai communal land to the north of the masai mara national reserve in kenya was conducted from 1989 to 1991. prevalence of antibodies to cd was very low among domestic dogs in 1989 and 1990 (4%, n = 49; and 1%, n = 119, respectively) and no african wild dogs (lycaon pictus; n = 16) collected simultaneously from the same area had detectable antibodies. among 51 domestic dogs sampled in 1991, however, prevalence of cd antibodie ... | 1994 | 7760475 |
| serologic survey of selected canine pathogens among free-ranging jackals in kenya. | serum samples from 76 free-ranging adult jackals of three species from four localities in kenya were examined for circulating antibodies against four canine pathogens: rabies virus, canine parvovirus (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), and ehrlichia canis. samples were collected between april 1987 and january 1988. among black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas), the most sampled species, the mean prevalence of antibodies to cpv-2, cdv, rabies virus, and e. canis was 34% (14 positive/55 sampled) ... | 1994 | 7760476 |
| effects of a modified-live virus canine distemper vaccine on captive badgers (taxidea taxus). | we vaccinated six captive badgers housed with five controls, and monitored blood antibody titers and white cell counts of both groups for 63 days postvaccination between 29 august and 3 december 1992. five vaccinated badgers responded with antibody titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:1024 by 63 days postvaccination, whereas the sixth badger did not respond. treatment badgers also had significant (p < 0.05) decreases in lymphocytes on days 16, 29, and 63. no badgers developed clinical signs of distempe ... | 1994 | 7760477 |
| [detection of distemper virus n protein rna in the brain of dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis using a digoxigenin-labeled, double-stranded dna probe for in situ hybridization]. | a digoxigenin-labelled dsdna-probe of 287 basepairs length complementary to the nucleoprotein-gene of canine distemper virus (cdv) was generated by the polymerase-chain-reaction. the dsdna-probe hybridized specifically with base sequences of 8 different cdv strains, whereas no hybridization was observed with a porpoise and a canine parainfluenza virus and only a weak signal was obtained with measles virus. in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 35 immunohistologically cdv antigen ... | 1995 | 7786277 |
| nucleic acid hybridization analyses confirm the presence of a hitherto unknown morbillivirus in mediterranean dolphins. | in 1990 an epidemic caused by a morbillivirus was noticed among mediterranean dolphins. rna was extracted from the tissues of dolphins and from cell cultures infected with a corresponding dolphin morbillivirus isolate. by nucleic acid hybridization this rna was compared to rna extracted from animal tissue or cell cultures infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv) or measles virus (mv). the presence of morbillivirus rna in the dolphin tissue was demonstrated. morbi ... | 1994 | 7801536 |
| relative immunocompetence of the newborn harbour seal, phoca vitulina. | the immune system of many mammalian species is not fully developed at birth, with newborns obtaining temporary immunological protection from maternal antibodies. little is known of the immune system of the harbour seal, and developmental aspects of its immune system have not been systematically studied. we collected blood and milk samples from nine free-ranging mother-pup pairs throughout the lactation period on sable island, canada, in an effort to characterise developmental aspects of the immu ... | 1994 | 7810064 |
| a comparison of canine distemper vaccine and measles vaccine for the prevention of canine distemper in young puppies. | two groups of six-week-old beagle puppies were vaccinated with either high titre canine distemper virus or human measles virus, a third group remaining unvaccinated. all the puppies were subsequently challenged by the nasopharyngeal route at 10 weeks old with the virulent snyder-hill strain of canine distemper. severe clinical signs were observed in 90 per cent of the unvaccinated dogs but both groups of vaccinated dogs survived the challenge. high temperatures were recorded in 20 per cent of th ... | 1994 | 7846822 |
| the hemagglutinin envelope protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) confers cell tropism as illustrated by cdv and measles virus complementation analysis. | measles virus (mv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) are morbilliviruses that cause acute illnesses and several persistent central nervous system infections in humans and in dogs, respectively. characteristically, the cytopathic effect of these viruses is the formation of syncytia in permissive cells. in this study, a vaccinia virus expression system was used to express mv and cdv hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) envelope proteins. we found that cotransfecting f and ha genes of mv or f and ha ge ... | 1995 | 7853502 |
| canine distemper virus persistence in the nervous system is associated with noncytolytic selective virus spread. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a negative-strand rna morbillivirus, causes a progressive demyelinating disease in which virus persistence plays an essential role. the antiviral immune response leads to virus clearance in the inflammatory lesions. however, cdv can replicate and persist outside these inflammatory lesions within the brain. how cdv is capable of persisting in the presence of an effective antiviral immune response is poorly understood. in the present investigation, we studied several ... | 1995 | 7853504 |
| canine distemper virus-like infection in a captive african lioness. | | 1995 | 7859211 |
| sequencing and analysis of the nucleocapsid (n) and polymerase (l) genes and the terminal extragenic domains of the vaccine strain of rinderpest virus. | the nucleocapsid (n) and polymerase (l) genes of the vaccine strain of rinderpest, and the 5' and 3' terminal domains of the genome have been sequenced. together with previously published data, this completes the sequence of the entire genome of rinderpest virus. the viral genome is 15,881 bases in length, similar to that of measles virus and slightly longer than that of canine distemper virus. the l gene is identical in length to that of measles virus, encoding a 2183 amino acid protein with a ... | 1995 | 7897350 |
| aspects of canine distemper virus and measles virus encephalomyelitis. | canine distemper (cd) is a frequently fatal, systemic morbillivirus infection in the dog and other carnivores: encephalomyelitis is the common cause of death. susceptibility to canine distemper virus (cdv) is now recognized in a wide range of non-domestic animals, most recently in captive lions, tigers and leopards. furthermore, closely related viruses have produced cd-like diseases in marine mammals. cdv induces an inclusion-body encephalomyelitis in the dog and demyelination is often a conspic ... | 1994 | 7898614 |
| multiple oral procedures performed on a dog with distemper myoclonus. | a 3-year-old male mixed-breed dog was treated for an oral defect along the rostral portion of the hard palate and an oronasal fistula secondary to a severe mandibular brachygnathism and persistent canine distemper virus associated myoclonus. this report describes the treatment using a bilateral radical premaxillectomy, oronasal fistula repair, and pulpotomy. | 1993 | 7917067 |
| comparative analysis of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein of dolphin morbillivirus reveals its distant evolutionary relationship to measles virus and ruminant morbilliviruses. | a morbillivirus of uncertain origin recently killed hundreds of mediterranean dolphins. this is the first report of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) gene. the sequence of the nucleocapsid (n) gene including boundaries was determined. when the dmv n gene coding region was compared with the corresponding sequences of other morbilliviruses a distant evolutionary relationship between these viruses and dmv was apparent. phylogenetic analysis of the seque ... | 1994 | 7931174 |
| measles virus fusion: role of the cysteine-rich region of the fusion glycoprotein. | measles virus (mv) fusion requires the participation of both the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin (h) glycoproteins. the canine distemper virus fusion protein (cdvf) cannot substitute for the measles virus fusion protein (mvf) in this process. introduction of restriction enzyme sites into the cdnas of cdvf and mvf by site-directed mutagenesis facilitated the production of chimeric f proteins which were tested for their capacity to give fusion when coexpressed with mvh. fusion resulted when the amino ... | 1994 | 7933140 |
| distemper skin lesions in a dog. | skin lesions were studied in a 3-year-old male maltese dog with distemper. hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis with vesicles and pustule formation were the outstanding features of the skin lesions around the eye, nose, and mouth. multinucleated syncytial giant cells together with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing viral particles and viral antigen were scattered in the epidermis, and epidermal appendages. these findings suggest a direct viral attack on the skin. | 1994 | 7941841 |
| canine distemper epizootic in lions, tigers, and leopards in north america. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection occurred in captive leopards (panthera pardus), tigers (panthera tigris), lions (panthera leo), and a jaguar (panthera onca) in 1991 and 1992. an epizootic affected all 4 types of cats at the wildlife waystation, san fernando, california, with 17 mortalities. cdv-infected raccoons were thought to be the source of infection in these cats. two black leopards died at the naibi zoo, coal valley, illinois, and 2 tigers died at the shambala preserve, acton, calif ... | 1994 | 7948195 |
| detection of novel rna viruses: morbilliviruses as a model system. | recent advances in molecular detection of viral-specific nucleic acid sequences have facilitated the search for pathogenic viruses in clinical samples. primers for the polymerase chain reaction can be targeted to unique or conserved regions of the viral genome. while the design of primers must be based on known sequences, it has been demonstrated in bacteria that amplification with primers which hybridize to highly-conserved regions of the genome can be exploited to detect new agents. by taking ... | 1994 | 7969194 |
| sensitive detection of morbillivirus cell-free transcription in a direct rnase protection assay. | cell-free measurement of viral transcription is necessary to determine if alterations of in situ levels of viral mrna represent altered mrna production or stability. conditions for cell-free genomic transcription have been developed for the morbilliviruses canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv), although the means for detecting nascent transcripts in these assays are insensitive in some cell systems. this work describes a technique in which cdv cell-free transcription reactions are ... | 1994 | 7989437 |
| hla polymorphisms in paget's disease of bone. | | 1994 | 8009233 |
| paramyxoviruses in paget's disease. | | 1994 | 8009235 |
| impact of culturally sensitive aids video education on the aids risk knowledge of african-american adolescents. | aids video education is a major mode of providing information about the spread and prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). very little has been written about the need for culturally salient messages in increasing the acquisition and retention of hiv/aids prevention information, even though there is considerable agreement that limited culturally sensitive information is reaching african-american youth. this investigation sought to ascertain the impact of a culturally similar aids vi ... | 1994 | 8024942 |
| serologic investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (canis lupus) pup mortalities. | twenty-one serum samples from 18 wolves (canis lupus) were collected from 1985 to 1990 from northwestern montana (usa) and southeastern british columbia, canada, and evaluated for antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper (cd), infectious canine hepatitis, and lyme disease; we found prevalences of 13 (65%) of 19, five (29%) of 17, seven (36%) of 19, and 0 of 20 wolves for these diseases, respectively. pups died or disappeared in three of the eight packs studied. in these three pack ... | 1994 | 8028116 |
| serological investigation of virus infections in harp seals (phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (cystophora cristata). | | 1994 | 8073595 |
| the biological characterization of field isolates of canine distemper virus from japan. | eight isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) were obtained from seven dogs suffering from distemper by co-cultivation of their mononuclear cells with a marmoset b lymphoblastoid cell line, b95a. six of the seven dogs had received one or more vaccinations. all of the isolates readily proliferated in b95a cells, but were not completely neutralized by anti-cdv canine plasma, which had high neutralizing activity against the onderstepoort laboratory strain of cdv. furthermore, different reactivitie ... | 1994 | 8077940 |
| use of b95a cells for isolation of canine distemper virus from clinical cases. | canine distemper virus (cdv) was readily isolated at high rate with marked cytopathic effect (cpe) in b95a cells, a marmoset lymphoid cell line, from the peripheral blood leukocytes, cerebrospinal fluid cells and brain of dogs. difference in type of cpe, i.e. syncytium type and round-cell one, among the virus isolates indicate the presence of heterogeneity of virus populations in prevalent cdv. thus, this cell system is expected to be useful for ecological studies on cdv in the field. | 1993 | 8117810 |
| dogs, distemper and paget's disease. | the cause of paget's disease is still unknown, despite many years of intensive study. during this time, evidence has sporadically emerged to suggest that the disease may result from a slow viral infection by one or more of the paramyxoviruses. more recently, epidemiologic and molecular studies have suggested that the canine paramyxovirus, canine distemper virus, is the virus responsible for the disease. if true, then along with rabies, this would be a further example of a canine virus causing hu ... | 1993 | 8141796 |
| serologic survey of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), and domestic dogs and cats in the wolong reserve, china. | sera from captive and recently rescued giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the wolong reserve, china, were examined by serum neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition for antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus (chv), pseudorabies virus (prv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav), and canine parvovirus (cpv). serum samples from village domestic dogs and cats, which run free throughout the reserve also were examined. antibodies against cpv were ... | 1994 | 8151830 |
| detection of canine distemper viral antigen in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northwestern spain. | we describe the lesions of natural distemper in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in spain. the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (abc) technique and a monoclonal antibody against the nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus were successfully used to confirm canine distemper diagnosis. | 1994 | 8151832 |
| absence of paramyxovirus rna in cultures of pagetic bone cells and in pagetic bone. | it has been proposed that paget's disease of bone is caused by the infection of bone cells with one or several paramyxoviruses. in this study we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which allows the detection of very low levels of a target nucleic acid sequence, to study cultures of pagetic bone cells and samples of pagetic bone. oligonucleotide primers were designed to flank a sequence of the nucleocapsid genome of measles virus and canine distemper virus (cdv). within this fragment there ... | 1994 | 8154304 |
| immune responses to canine distemper virus in joint diseases of dogs. | measurement of immune complexes, antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) and anti-cdv antibodies in immune complexes were made in sera and sf from 'normal' dogs and from dogs with joint diseases. these data were compared with cytological analyses of sf samples. in dogs with canine rheumatoid-like arthritis (cra) there were correlations between circulating anti-cdv antibody levels and circulating immune complex levels (p < 0.001) and between sf anti-cdv antibody levels and sf immune compl ... | 1994 | 8162453 |
| [immunopathogenesis of virus diseases of cats and dogs]. | immunopathological reactions may determine the pathogenesis of some viral infections of cats and dogs. three pathomechanisms may aggravate the viral disease or may ultimately cause death. some viruses cause transient or persistent immunosuppression (feline immunodeficiency, feline leukemia, feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus). in other viral infections cells and tissues are destroyed as a sequela of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions (demyelinating encephal ... | 1994 | 8165663 |
| canine distemper virus replication in cells on microcarriers. | chick embryo and vero cells were grown on gelaspher m gelatin microcarriers in suspension culture. the microcarriers had no adverse effects on cell morphology and growth. microcarrier cell cultures were used for large-scale production of canine distemper virus. virus yields (tcid50 per ml) were more than 10-times higher as compared to stationary cell culture. | 1993 | 8184793 |
| sequence data obtained from patients with paget's disease. | | 1994 | 8186735 |
| mystery ailment strikes serengeti lions. | | 1994 | 8197453 |
| canine distemper virus. serengeti's big cats going to the dogs. | | 1994 | 8209243 |
| prevalence of canine distemper antibodies in the pagetic population. | recent molecular evidence has implicated canine distemper virus (cdv) as a possible aetiologic agent in paget's disease. however, previous serological studies have shown no differences in levels of anti-cdv antibodies between paget's patients and controls. in this study, the technique of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure anti-cdv antibodies in a group of paget's patients from the north west of england. some patients were undergoing treatment with 3-amino-hydroxypropylidene (a ... | 1993 | 8228922 |
| in situ hybridization of virulent canine distemper virus in brain tissue, using digoxigenin-labeled probes. | only a few hybridization experiments have been performed for detection of canine distemper virus (cdv) nucleic acid sequences in tissue cultures and in various tissues. those published studies used probes derived from tissue culture-adapted cdv, and hybridization signals were not obtained in the cns tissue, although infective cdv and viral antigen were detectable in this tissue. we developed probes complementary to virulent cdv and were able to detect viral rna not only in primary brain cell cul ... | 1993 | 8239133 |
| cloning and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of virulent kabete o strain of rinderpest virus in baculovirus: use in differential diagnosis between vaccinated and infected animals. | rinderpest (rp) is a viral disease of ruminants with > 95% morbidity and mortality. we have cloned the cdna of the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the virulent kabete o strain of rinderpest virus (rpvk) and compared its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with those of the n genes of the lapinized strain of rinderpest virus (rpvl), measles virus (mv), and canine distemper virus (cdv). the gene has an open reading frame of 1575 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 525 amino acids with a molecula ... | 1994 | 8259649 |
| biological properties of phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus. | morbilliviruses constitute a major threat to the health of animal and man. to date the morbillivirus genus in the paramyxoviridae family comprises five established members, namely canine distemper virus (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv), measles virus (mv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv). in addition, morbillivirus candidates infecting aquatic mammals were recently discovered. the present review on the biology of morbilliviruses focuses on knowledge gained ... | 1993 | 8268007 |
| the retrospective use of a peroxidase technique for confirmation of suspected canine distemper in kenya. | | 1993 | 8284896 |
| studies on manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in an urban dog population. | an upsurge of canine distemper was recognized at the beginning of 1991 in the urban dog population of the copenhagen area. the outbreak had the characteristics of a virulent morbillivirus introduction in a partly immune population, where the disease primarily was manifested in young individuals. testing of single serum samples for the presence of canine distemper virus (cdv) igm antibodies using an igm elisa confirmed current and recent cdv infections in an urban dog population, where the use of ... | 1993 | 8296445 |
| [viral epizootic in the marine seal calf (phoca vitulina) in 1988. epidemiological aspects]. | during the year 1988, an epizootic spread through european populations of harbour seals (phoca vitulina). the first studies shed light on the importance of a new morbillivirus, close to canine distemper virus but different. however, other factors, like pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) compounds may have played a part in the epizootic by increasing mortality. up to then virology and pathology of wild populations of seals were not well known. this epizootic was an opportunity to learn a ... | 1993 | 8343803 |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | infections with morbilliviruses have caused heavy losses among different populations of aquatic mammals during the last 5 years. two different morbilliviruses were isolated from disease outbreaks among seals in europe and siberia: phocid distemper virus-1 (pdv-1) and phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2) respectively. pdv-1 was characterized as a newly identified morbillivirus, most related to canine distemper virus (cdv), whereas pdv-2 most probably is a strain of cdv. morbilliviruses were also isol ... | 1993 | 8343804 |
| infection studies with canine distemper virus in harbour seals. | infection studies in harbour seal (phoca vitulina) were conducted with the snyder-hill strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) that is virulent for dog and mink. the inoculated seals showed clinical symptoms which were to some degree similar to those observed in cdv infections of sensitive species of carnivores. viral replication in lymphoid cells was followed by an extended period of immunosuppression. the results did not provide conclusive evidence for viral replication in surface epithelia of ... | 1993 | 8347078 |
| epizootiology of canine distemper in new jersey raccoons. | seventeen epizootics of canine distemper (cd) involving at least 615 raccoons (procyon lotor) were identified between 1 september 1977 and 25 march 1991 in new jersey (usa). epizootics occurred three times at four year intervals in three areas. based on this cycling, the wide distribution of cd cases, and their occurrence between epizootics, i propose an enzootic status for cd in new jersey raccoons. the peak period prevalence of raccoon canine distemper cases occurred at the end of the mating s ... | 1993 | 8355340 |
| phocine distemper in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from long island, new york. | the first occurrence of phocine distemper (pd) disease in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the united states is reported. two seals stranded on long island, new york (usa) in february 1992 with clinical signs of respiratory distress, fever, and depression. pneumonia and diffuse pulmonary congestion were the most significant post mortem findings. on histologic examination one seal had a diffuse broncho-interstitial pneumonia with formation of syncytia. the principal lesion in the second animal ... | 1993 | 8355350 |
| paramyxoviruses and paget's disease. | using the technique of in situ hybridisation, we extended our initial studies of the occurrence of canine distemper and measles virus in paget's disease. bone samples from untreated patients and patients treated with 3-amino-hydroxypropylidene 1,1 bisphosphonate pamidronate (apd) were examined for canine distemper nucleocapsid (cdv-n), measles nucleocapsid (mv-n), respiratory syncytial virus fusion (rsv-f), and simian virus 5 haemoglutinin-neuraminidase (sv5-hn) sequences using 35s-labelled sens ... | 1993 | 8360634 |
| brain structures selectively targeted by canine distemper virus in a mouse model infection. | paramyxoviruses such as measles virus or canine distemper virus are etiological agents for acute and chronic encephalitis (measles inclusion body encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and chronic distemper encephalitis or old dog encephalitis). the mechanisms by which viral injury leads to neurological diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. we have developed an experimental model in mice in order to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of canine distemper virus in the ... | 1993 | 8360700 |
| pathology and epidemiology of canine distemper in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | from september to december 1991, a large number of free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) died from a highly contagious disease in the vicinity of tokyo. eighteen seriously ill or dead animals were submitted for necropsy. the pathological findings resembled those in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata) found infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) in the same area in late august 1991. the most striking features were pneumonia and gastroenteritis. microscopical lesions consisted ... | 1993 | 8366205 |
| fusion protein gene nucleotide sequence similarities, shared antigenic sites and phylogenetic analysis suggest that phocid distemper virus type 2 and canine distemper virus belong to the same virus entity. | nucleotide sequencing of the fusion protein (f) gene of phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2), recently isolated from baikal seals (phoca sibirica), revealed an open reading frame (nucleotides 84 to 2075) with two potential in-frame atg translation initiation codons. we suggest that the second in-frame atg triplet at positions 264 to 266 initiates the translation, resulting in a protein of 537 amino acid residues with a calculated m(r) of 63,035. the putative f1/f2 cleavage site, located approximatel ... | 1993 | 8376973 |
| tyzzer's disease complicated with distemper in a puppy. | a pomeranian puppy which died from diarrhea and nasal discharge showed catarrhal pneumonia, acute enteritis and focal liver necrosis. slender bacilli were detected within ileal enterocytes and hepatocytes. a double infection with a distemper virus and tyzzer's organism at a cellular level was seen within the ileal enterocytes. | 1993 | 8390302 |
| dual infection with canine distemper virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus (canine adenovirus type 1) in a dog. | a 72-day-old, female, golden retriever dog showed anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, diarrhea and hematochezia, and died on the 15th clinical day. pathological examination revealed dual infection with canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav). cav inclusion bodies occurred only in the liver, and biliary and respiratory system, whereas cdv inclusions were demonstrated in the visceral organs systematically. the cav inclusions were associated with multifocal hepatocellular necrosis ... | 1993 | 8399762 |
| saponin treatment for in situ hybridization maintains good morphological preservation. | the commonly used procedures for in situ hybridization require treatment of the tissue with non-ionic detergents and proteolytic enzymes, resulting in considerable loss of morphological detail. in this study proteinase pre-treatment of the tissue was replaced by saponin, a highly surface-active plant glycoside. this saponin treatment allowed good preservation of tissue morphology, as determined by differential interference and contrast enhanced video microscopy. saponin pre-treatment resulted in ... | 1993 | 8417105 |
| enhanced production of morbillivirus gene-specific rnas following induction of the cellular stress response in stable persistent infection. | previous in vitro work demonstrated the incorporation of the major inducible 70k heat shock protein (i.e., 72k hsp) into the biologically active light nucleocapsid (l-nc) variant of canine distemper virus (cdv). here, in vitro induction of the cellular stress response, characterized by elevated cytoplasmic and intranuclear 72k hsp, enhanced l-nc expression in mink lung cells supporting stable persistent infection by raccoon-origin cdv. increases in l-nc were correlated to increased viral rna pro ... | 1993 | 8421900 |
| cellular stress response induces selective intranuclear trafficking and accumulation of morbillivirus major core protein. | using canine distemper virus (cdv) encephalomyelitis as a model for morbillivirus-induced intranuclear inclusion body (inb) formation, we previously demonstrated that the cellular basis for inb within infected astrocytes are viral antigen-associated nucleolar derivatives known as complex nuclear bodies. here, we examined the relationship between the cellular stress response and intranuclear cdv protein trafficking so that we may begin to define cellular events leading to formation of complex nuc ... | 1993 | 8423670 |
| intertypic differentiation and detection of intratypic variants among canine and phocid morbillivirus isolates by kinetic neutralization using a novel immunoplaque assay. | intertypic antigenic differences and the intratypic variability of the closely related canine (cvd) and phocid distemper viruses (pdv) were examined using a molecular (monoclonal antibodies specific for the h- and f-glycoproteins) and a functional (kinetic neutralization, kn) approach. kn studies were carried out using a novel immunoplaque technique which combined conventional plaque assay and antigen-specific enzyme-immunostaining techniques. morbillivirus isolates of canine and phocid origin c ... | 1993 | 8432764 |
| canine distemper virus l gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses. | we cloned the genomic rna of canine distemper virus (cdv) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein-coding gene. the l gene is 6573 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 2161 amino acids (mw 246,354). the precise 5' end of the viral genome consists of a 38-nucleotide leader region. the cdv l protein shows over 77% amino acid similarity with its morbilliform relative measles virus (mv) with nearly 67% of their amino acids conse ... | 1993 | 8438585 |
| canine distemper terminal and intergenic non-protein coding nucleotide sequences: completion of the entire cdv genome sequence. | sequences critical for the transcription and replication functions of canine distemper virus (cdv) rna polymerase were analyzed. the sequence was obtained from polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products using either c-dna clones from a genomic library as template or in most instances genomic cdv rna. clones coding for the precise 3'- and 5'-ends of the cdv genome were sequenced and the results confirmed by additional pcr experiments. the virtual identity of terminal sequences and spacing at the tw ... | 1993 | 8438593 |
| canine distemper virus transcripts detected in the bone cells of dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy. | using the technique of in situ hybridisation, we have recently extended our observations that canine distemper virus (cdv) is present in the bone cells of patients with paget's disease, and have shown that cdv is also detectable in the bone cells of dogs that are naturally infected with the virus. since hybridisation was localised to bone cells within the metaphyses of the affected dogs, we investigated the possibility that cdv might be involved in the canine metaphyseal bone disorder, metaphyse ... | 1993 | 8443004 |
| phocine distemper in a harp seal (phoca groenlandica) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | the first case of phocine distemper in a seal from canadian waters and the first case of clinical phocine distemper in a harp seal, phoca groenlandica, is reported. a two-month-old female harp seal stranded on prince edward island in may 1991. significant clinical findings were lethargy and severe conjunctivitis. pulmonary congestion was the main necropsy finding, and histological lesions included diffuse demyelinating nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia. acido ... | 1993 | 8445769 |
| restricted canine distemper virus infection of oligodendrocytes. | canine distemper virus, a morbillivirus induces multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. the acute demyelination correlates with virus replication in brain cells, especially astrocytes. observations in vivo and in vitro demonstrated degeneration of oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cells. however, the mechanism of oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper remained unexplained. infection of the myelin producing cells, the most obvious explanation for the phenomenon of demyeli ... | 1993 | 8450647 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies specific for seal immunoglobulins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect canine distemper virus-specific immunoglobulin in seal plasma samples. | a method is described for the measurement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin in seal pup plasmas. four monoclonal antibodies (h1a, h13a, h24b and h49a) raised against grey seal (halichoerus grypus) immunoglobulin were used in an elisa procedure. levels of canine distemper virus (cdv) specific macroglobulin (igm like protein) were found to peak approximately 10 days after the first vaccination. levels of other smaller cdv-specific immunoglobulins (igg like protein) also increased after vaccinatio ... | 1993 | 8459104 |
| characterization of morbilliviruses isolated from dolphins and porpoises in europe. | a previously unidentified morbillivirus was isolated from two harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) that had died in the dutch waddensea (north sea) in 1990. this porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) and a dolphin morbillivirus (dmv), which had recently caused a heavy mortality in mediterranean striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), were compared antigenically with other members of the genus morbillivirus, including the newly recognized phocine distemper virus type 1. dmv and pmv proved to be similar ... | 1993 | 8468554 |
| vaccination of mice against canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis with vaccinia virus recombinants encoding measles or canine distemper virus antigens. | measles and canine distemper are caused by serologically related viruses. although dogs immunized with measles virus (mv) do not elicit canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralizing antibodies, they are protected against the fatal disease. to investigate the potential role of the mv antigens in protection against cdv, we have immunized mice with vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing the mv haemagglutinin (ha), fusion (f), nucleoprotein (np) and matrix (m) antigens and challenged them with cdv. ... | 1993 | 8470428 |
| canine distemper virus isolated from a captive seal. | | 1993 | 8506602 |
| measles virus haemagglutinin induces down-regulation of gp57/67, a molecule involved in virus binding. | a surface glycoprotein (gp57/67) was previously shown to be involved in measles virus (mv) binding and characterized in our laboratory. here, we described down-regulation of cell surface gp57/67 after infection with mv. this effect is specific for mv since cells infected with canine distemper virus, closely related to mv, did not down-regulate gp57/67. the decrease in cell surface gp57/67 correlated with expression of mv glycoproteins and more particularly with the expression of mv haemagglutini ... | 1993 | 8509760 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| serological survey of canine distemper virus infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | for detection of antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed using a crude extract from cells infected with the onderstepoort strain of cdv as antigen. twenty-six sera from dogs experimentally vaccinated with the snyder-hill strain of cdv were compared by elisa and a standard virus neutralization (nv) test. since a good correlation between the titers obtained by both tests was observed, elisa was considered to be a rapid and reliabl ... | 1995 | 8519915 |
| restricted infection with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes. | canine distemper virus (cdv) induces oligodendroglial degeneration and multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. the mechanism of oligodendrocyte degeneration is not understood but it has been shown that there is a restricted infection of these cells without viral protein production. using a combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate the transcription of the entire virus genome throughout the whole observation period (7-35 days after in ... | 1995 | 8525806 |
| biochemical basis for increased susceptibility to cidofovir of herpes simplex viruses with altered or deficient thymidine kinase activity. | it has been observed that herpes simplex virus mutants with deficient or altered thymidine kinase activity are more susceptible to cidofovir (cdv; 1-[(s)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine dihydrate) in tissue culture than are the parental strains. during infection of cells, the elevation of the dctp pool by thymidine kinase mutant viruses is less than that induced by the wild-type virus. the competition between cdv diphosphate and dctp at the viral polymerase is therefore changed in ... | 1995 | 8540727 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of the lymphoid organs of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus. | the pathogenesis of acute canine distemper in three naturally infected dogs was investigated. the lymphoid organs showed atrophy without secondary follicles. the distribution of canine distemper virus (cdv) antigens was examined immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies specific for canine thy-1, immunoglobulin (ig) m, cd4, cd8, cd21 and cd45rb, and anti-measles virus nucleocapsid protein serum. the viral antigens were located in the t-cell-dependent areas and in the follicles of lymphoid ... | 1995 | 8543675 |
| morbilliviruses and morbillivirus diseases of marine mammals. | in recent years, serious disease outbreaks among seals and dolphins were attributed to infection with established or newly recognized morbilliviruses. the first identification of a morbillivirus as causative agent of mass mortality among marine mammals was in 1988, when the previously unrecognized phocine distemper virus (pdv) caused the death of 20,000 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in northwestern europe. a similar epizootic among baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia in 1987 was later attri ... | 1995 | 8548190 |
| conservation biology. dangerous liaisons and disease. | | 1996 | 8559243 |