| antibodies to ruminant alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses in norwegian cervids. | a serologic survey revealed that norwegian populations of free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), and moose (alces alces) have been exposed to alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses. a total of 3,796 serum samples collected during the period 1993-2000 were tested in a neutralization test for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or cervid herpesvirus 2 (cerhv-2), and 3,897 samples were tested by a neutralization test ... | 2003 | 14733272 |
| dendritic cells transfected with cytopathic self-replicating rna induce crosspriming of cd8+ t cells and antiviral immunity. | a potential shortcoming of nonlive vaccines is their relative inefficiency in generating t cell responses, thus limiting their application in infections requiring cellular immunity. here, we present a system to induce cellular immunity and to study the immunological implications of time-delayed dendritic cell (dc) apoptosis and antigen reprocessing in vivo. we generated a self-replicating cytopathic pestivirus rna to enhance production and presentation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigens and to ... | 2004 | 14738764 |
| effects of interferon, ribavirin, and iminosugar derivatives on cells persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | persistent infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis in humans. in chronic carriers, the viral infection induces liver damage that predisposes the patient for cirrhosis and can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. current chemotherapies are limited to alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) used either alone or in combination with ribavirin (rbv). in addition to its limited efficacy, this treatment is frequently poorly tolerated because of its side effects. the urgently need ... | 2004 | 14742201 |
| classical swine fever virus e(rns) deletion mutants: trans-complementation and potential use as nontransmissible, modified, live-attenuated marker vaccines. | an sk6 cell line (sk6c26) which constitutively expressed the glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was used to rescue csfv e(rns) deletion mutants based on the infectious copy of csfv strain c. the biochemical properties of e(rns) from this cell line were indistinguishable from those of csfv e(rns). two e(rns) deletion mutants were constructed, virus flc23 and virus flc22. virus flc23 encoded only the utmost n- and c-terminal amino acids of e(rns) (deletion of 215 amino acids ... | 2000 | 10708411 |
| classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells. | infection with virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in an acute haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, whereas for less virulent isolates infection can become chronic. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effects of the virus on vascular endothelial cells was studied by using relative quantitative pcr and elisa. following infection, there was an initial and short ... | 2004 | 15039545 |
| comparison of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunoperoxidase assays for detecting pigs infected with low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus. | pigs were experimentally inoculated with glentorf, lelystad/97, and alfort/187: representative low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv). animals were tested for viremia using virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays run under routine diagnostic conditions. the virus was detected in the peripheral blood by virus isolation and rt-pcr assays of all glentorf- and lelystad/97-infected pigs beginning at 3 days postinocula ... | 2004 | 15053364 |
| [border disease in a flock of sheep]. | this report describes border disease in a flock of sheep in switzerland. in april 2001, three ewes in a flock of 41 sheep gave birth to lambs that had generalized tremors and excessively hairy fleece. one of these, a three-week-old female lamb, was referred to our clinic for further diagnostic work-up. the lamb was very nervous, bleated constantly and had generalized muscle tremors, which were more pronounced in the head region. hind end ataxia was observed, and the lamb was slow to correct its ... | 2002 | 12224448 |
| synthesis of beta-enantiomers of n4-hydroxy-3'-deoxypyrimidine nucleosides and their evaluation against bovine viral diarrhoea virus and hepatitis c virus in cell culture. | n4-hydroxycytidine (nhc) was recently reported to have anti-pestivirus and anti-hepacivirus activity. it is thought that this nucleoside acts as a weak alternative substrate for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) polymerase. in addition to nhc, 3'-deoxyuridine (3'-du) was found to inhibit bovine diarrhoea virus (bvdv) production by 1 log10 at 37.2 microm. these initial findings prompted the synthesis of beta-d and beta-l analogues of (i) base-modified 3'-deoxy-nhc; (ii) 3'-deoxyuridine; and 3'-deoxycyt ... | 2004 | 15074714 |
| an outbreak of abortion in a dairy herd associated with neospora caninum and bovine pestivirus infection. | | 2004 | 15088970 |
| conserved rna secondary structures in flaviviridae genomes. | presented here is a comprehensive computational survey of evolutionarily conserved secondary structure motifs in the genomic rnas of the family flaviviridae: this virus family consists of the three genera flavivirus, pestivirus and hepacivirus and the group of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus with a currently uncertain taxonomic classification. based on the control of replication and translation, two subgroups were considered separately: the genus flavivirus, with its type i cap structure at the 5' ... | 2004 | 15105528 |
| processing of a pestivirus protein by a cellular protease specific for light chain 3 of microtubule-associated proteins. | the genome of the cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) jacp contains a cellular insertion coding for light chain 3 (lc3) of microtubule-associated proteins, the mammalian homologue of yeast aut7p/apg8p. the cellular insertion induces cp bvdv-specific processing of the viral polyprotein by a cellular cysteine protease homologous to the known yeast protease aut2p/apg4p. three candidate bovine protease genes were identified on the basis of the sequence similarity of their products ... | 2004 | 15140988 |
| the effect of sample degradation and rna stabilization on classical swine fever virus rt-pcr and elisa methods. | classical swine fever (csf), also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral infection of swine caused by a member of the genus pestivirus of the family, flaviviridae. the need for accurate laboratory diagnosis of csf is particularly important as it is more reliable than clinical diagnosis. csf is endemic in many tropical countries where the climate is characterized by high ambient temperature and humidity. this study details the effect of sample quality on csf antigen-capture elisa (ac- ... | 2004 | 15158066 |
| detection and characterization of pestivirus contaminations in human live viral vaccines. | in view of the use of potentially contaminated foetal calf serum (fcs) in cell cultures pestiviruses may be present in live viral vaccines. thirty-six lots of human live viral vaccines produced by three manufacturers were tested for the presence of pestiviruses. bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna was detected in 33% of the vaccine lots. all positive results were caused by the mumps component of a single manufacturer. partial sequences of the 5' untranslated region of bvd viral rna were dete ... | 2002 | 12421586 |
| action of celgosivir (6 o-butanoyl castanospermine) against the pestivirus bvdv: implications for the treatment of hepatitis c. | alpha-glucosidase i inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the replication of a broad range of enveloped viruses by preventing the correct folding of their envelope glycoproteins. this study assesses the potential of 6 o-butanoyl castanospermine (celgosivir) as a treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv). in the absence of an adequate culture system for hcv, the closely related virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), was used as a surrogate model. using both a plaque assay and a cytopathic effect ... | 2004 | 15266896 |
| cellular sequences in pestivirus genomes encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid (a) receptor-associated protein and golgi-associated atpase enhancer of 16 kilodaltons. | the presence of cellular protein coding sequences within viral rna genomes is a unique and particularly interesting feature of cytopathogenic (cp) pestiviruses. here we report the identification and characterization of two novel cellular sequences in the genomes of cp bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains. in bvdv strain cp x604, we detected a duplication of the genomic region encoding ns3, ns4a, and part of ns4b, together with an insertion of sequences that code for cellular gamma-aminobut ... | 2002 | 12438634 |
| the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus is a zinc metalloprotein. | the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus is believed to be an integral part of the viral replicase. despite extensive investigation, the role of this protein remains elusive. only limited biochemical characterization of ns5a has been performed, with most research to date involving the myriad of host proteins and signaling cascades that interact with ns5a. the need for better characterization of ns5a is paramount for elucidating the role of this protein in the virus life cycle. examination of ns5a u ... | 2004 | 15339921 |
| [replication strategies of the flaviviridae family]. | | 2003 | 15341320 |
| temporal modulation of an autoprotease is crucial for replication and pathogenicity of an rna virus. | pestiviruses belong to the family flaviviridae, and their genome is a single-stranded rna of positive polarity encoding one large polyprotein which is further processed into mature proteins. noncytopathogenic (noncp) strains of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can establish persistent infection. in persistently infected animals, noncp bvdvs occasionally acquire mutations in viral nonstructural protein 2 (ns2) that give rise to cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv variants, and, eventually, ... | 2004 | 15367643 |
| specific interaction between the classical swine fever virus ns5b protein and the viral genome. | the ns5b protein of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the rna-dependent rna polymerase of the virus and is able to catalyze the viral genome replication. the 3' untranslated region is most likely involved in regulation of the pestivirus genome replication. however, little is known about the interaction between the csfv ns5b protein and the viral genome. we used different rna templates derived from the plus-strand viral genome, or the minus-strand viral genome and the csfv ns5b protein ob ... | 2004 | 15373834 |
| genetic diversity of recent bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from the southeast of austria (styria). | to characterise the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates circulating in the southeastern region of austria, namely in the province of styria, 71 blood samples collected between 1998 and 2000 from persistently infected cattle in 62 herds were subjected to genetic typing. for this, 288bp fragments from the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription (rt-pcr). the products were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. seventy ... | 2003 | 12458175 |
| pestivirus in cattle: experimentally induced persistent infection in calves. | twenty-two heifers were infected intranasally with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) between days 74 and 82 of pregnancy. all animals had developed serum antibodies against bvdv 5 weeks later. no clinical effects were seen in the heifers, and they all delivered a live calf. the newborn calves were generally small, appeared unthrifty as typical 'poor doers', and some developed secondary infections with diarrhoea and signs of respiratory disease. eighteen of the 22 calves were bor ... | 2002 | 12485360 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae currently consists of four different main species: classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 and border disease virus. a fifth tentative species is represented by an isolate from a giraffe. in this study, a completely new pestivirus, isolated from a batch of fetal calf serum that was collected in brazil, is described. it is proposed that the isolate d32/00_'hobi' may constitute a novel sixth pestivirus species, beca ... | 2004 | 15557237 |
| studies of the pathogenesis of bovine pestivirus-induced ovarian dysfunction in superovulated dairy cattle. | two experiments (experiment i, n=12 holstein-friesian heifers; experiment ii, n=8 jersey cows) were conducted to investigate the pathogenesis of bovine pestivirus-induced ovarian dysfunction in cattle. in both experiments the cattle were superovulated with twice daily injections of a porcine pituitary extract preparation of follicle stimulating hormone (fsh-p), for 4 days commencing on day 10+/-2 after a presynchronised oestrus. the heifers received a total dose of 30 mg and the cows 32 mg of fs ... | 2003 | 12517403 |
| detection of a novel border disease virus subgroup in tunisian sheep. | nine pestiviruses isolated from different batches of a contaminated tunisian sheep pox vaccine and one tunisian field ovine isolate of border disease virus (bdv) were studied at the antigenic and molecular levels. seroneutralization tests were carried out on three vaccine isolates, the tunisian field isolate and representative reference strains of the different pestivirus groups. the antigenic study showed that the tunisian isolates were closer to the two bdv reference strains than to the alfort ... | 2004 | 15578240 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus is internalized by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in contrast to the members of the genus flavivirus, nothing is known about the viral entry route for pestiviruses. in this study, the process of bvdv infection following attachment to the cell surface was examined. bvdv clearly co-localizes with clathrin, with early endosome antigen-1 (eea-1), an early endosome marker, and also with lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (lamp-2), a lysosomal marker. bvdv intern ... | 2004 | 15606865 |
| [study of antiviral activity of different drugs against bovine herpes virus and pestivirus]. | in vitro antiviral activity of 11 different drugs against the viruses of infectious bovine rhionotracheitis (ibr) and bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) was studied. the id50 of the drugs were determined in monolayers of cell cultures mdbk and kct: 20 mcg/ml for anandin, 25 mcg/ml for polyprenole, 50 mcg/ml for bromuridin, methisazone, aciclovir, gossypole, ribavirin and liposomal ribavirin, 100 mcg/ml for eracond, and 200 mcg/ml for phosprenil and argovit. phosprenil was the only drug that showed viru ... | 2004 | 15628795 |
| evaluation of a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine for the protection of cattle against diseases due to common viral infections. | efficacy of an inactivated quadrivalent vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was assessed in naive bovine calves to evaluate short-term (4-18 weeks) and long-term (24-38 weeks) protection following the basic intramuscular vaccination regime of 2 inoculations a month apart. vaccination was staggered between the long-term and the short-term groups by abou ... | 2004 | 15628806 |
| mucosal disease-like lesions in sheep infected with border disease virus. | an enteric disease characterised by diarrhoea and ill thrift affected 12 of a flock of 700 six- to 12-month-old ewe lambs in cornwall between december 1996 and september 1997. the affected lambs were undersized, became thin and suffered an unremitting diarrhoea until they died. the illness lasted for three to 14 days, although, with hindsight, the owner considered that the lambs had been below average size before the enteric signs developed. the outbreak ceased only as a result of the dispersal ... | 2004 | 15638000 |
| pestivirus exposure in free-living and captive deer in austria. | during the hunting season of 2001-02, blood and spleen samples from 59 red deer (cervus elaphus), 77 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), four fallow deer (dama dama), and five chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) were collected from nine hunting districts (n = 133) and one deer farm (n = 12) in southern austria. sera were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization tests against three bvdvs and one border diseas ... | 2004 | 15650102 |
| molecular identification of a new pestivirus associated with increased mortality in the pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in spain. | pestivirus infection was identified in 16 of 17 chamois during an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in northeastern spain in 2001-02. by analysis of the 5' noncoding regions of the virus, we assigned it to the border disease virus cluster with pairwise similarity values ranging from 82.1% to 88.1%. it will be important to investigate the association of this pestivirus with disease in pyrenean chamois. | 2004 | 15650103 |
| classical swine fever virus: a second ring test to evaluate rt-pcr detection methods. | six laboratories participated in a study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of rt-pcr tests for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). sets of coded samples were prepared by serial dilution of positive samples and then distributed to each of the laboratories. one set comprised 25 samples of random primed cdna, synthesised from viral rna representative of different pestiviruses. the other set comprised samples of blood and serum obtained from virus-free or csfv-infected pigs ... | 2000 | 11042401 |
| characterization of a novel pestivirus originating from a pronghorn antelope. | a unique pestivirus, isolated from a pronghorn antelope (antilocopra americana), was characterized. serum neutralization studies suggested that this virus was antigenically related to pestiviruses. genomic characteristics, unique to pestiviruses, indicated that this virus belongs to the pestivirus genus. these characteristics included the organization of the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr), the presence and length of a viral npro coding region, conservation of cysteine residues in npro, conserva ... | 2005 | 15681069 |
| characterization of helper virus-independent cytopathogenic classical swine fever virus generated by an in vivo rna recombination system. | molecular analyses revealed that most cytopathogenic (cp) pestivirus strains evolve from noncytopathogenic (noncp) viruses by nonhomologous rna recombination. in contrast to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolates were rarely detected and always represented helper virus-dependent subgenomes. to investigate rna recombination in more detail, we recently established an in vivo system allowing the efficient generation of recombinant cp bvdv strains in ... | 2005 | 15681445 |
| dual mechanisms of pestiviral superinfection exclusion at entry and rna replication. | for many viruses, primary infection has been shown to prevent superinfection by a homologous second virus. in this study, we investigated superinfection exclusion of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a positive-sense rna pestivirus. cells acutely infected with bvdv were protected from superinfection by homologous bvdv but not with heterologous vesicular stomatitis virus. superinfection exclusion was established within 30 to 60 min but was lost upon passaging of persistently infected cells. sup ... | 2005 | 15731218 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, a pestivirus from autopsied lamb specimen from tamil nadu, india. | an epizootic of febrile illness among the madras red breed of sheep had occurred in 1994 in verrapuram, chennai, india. the epizootic was suspected as rift valley fever (rvf)-like sickness based on clinical features. however, its etiological agent could neither be isolated nor implicated conclusively. during the post-epizootic period a male lamb died of similar clinical features and the spleen was immediately collected. inoculation of spleen suspension in infant mouse brain yielded a virus that ... | 2004 | 15745045 |
| acid-resistant bovine pestivirus requires activation for ph-triggered fusion during entry. | the route of internalization of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was studied by using different chemical and biophysical inhibitors of endocytosis. expression of the dominant-negative mutant dyn(k44a) of the gtpase dynamin in mdbk cells, as well as the treatment of the cells with chlorpromazine and beta-methyl-cyclodextrin inhibited bvdv entry. bvdv infection was also abolished by potassium (k+) depletion, hyperosmolarity, and different inhibitors of endosomal acidification. we ... | 2005 | 15767420 |
| [detection and species-specific differentiation of pestiviruses using real-time rt-pcr]. | an important prerequisite for an efficient eradication of pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhea virus or classical swine fever virus are sensitive and specific detection methods. beside antigen detection with antigen capture elisas and virus isolation using cell culture, the detection of virus genomes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) becomes more and more important. by using real-time rt-pcr, the disadvantages of conventional pcr methods concerning the risk of contam ... | 2005 | 15803758 |
| variation in immunogenicity of ruminant pestiviruses as determined by the neutralisation assay. | immunogenicity in naive three-month-old friesian bull calves of nine ruminant pestiviruses, three each of type 1 bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), type 2 bvdv and border disease virus (bdv) was directly compared in reciprocal cross-neutralisation tests using sera obtained eight weeks after intranasal and intravenous inoculation with live virus. cytopathic (cp) type 1 bvdv strain c86, non-cytopathic (ncp) type 2 bvdv strain 890 and ncp bdv strain v2536/2 were found to elicit significantly broa ... | 2005 | 15848792 |
| loss of interferon regulatory factor 3 in cells infected with classical swine fever virus involves the n-terminal protease, npro. | we show that cells infected with the pestivirus classical swine fever virus (csfv) fail to produce alpha/beta interferon not only following treatment with double-stranded rna but also after superinfection with a heterologous virus, the alphavirus sindbis virus, a virus shown to normally induce interferon. we investigated whether the inhibition of interferon synthesis by csfv involved a block in interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) activity. cells infected with csfv exhibited a lack of transloca ... | 2005 | 15890962 |
| mapping of two antigenic domains on the ns3 protein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the immunodominant ns3 (p80) protein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) functions as a serine protease and a rna helicase. to identify antigenic domains of the bvdv ns3, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was tested against fragments of the protein expressed in e. coli. two large overlapping ns3 fragments, a (amino acids [aa] 1-434) and b (aa 368-683) which together contain all ns3 sequences, were used to screen mabs for reactivity. two mabs, 21.5.8 and 1.11.3, were reacti ... | 2005 | 15917132 |
| seroprevalence of pestivirus in four species of alpine wild ungulates in the high valley of susa, italy. | wildlife, once infected, can serve as a reservoir of infectious diseases that form a constant threat to domestic livestock. to make control and eradication programs successful in the long-term, presence of pestivirus in wildlife populations should be monitored. the goal of this study was to investigate seroprevalence of pestivirus in four alpine wild ungulates in the high valley of susa, north-west italy. species studied were: red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), wild boar ... | 2005 | 15922522 |
| genome prediction of putative genome-linked viral protein (vpg) of astroviruses. | positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) viruses replicate by uncoating the rna genome for translation to provide viral proteins essential for genome replication and the production of new viral particles. the viral proteins are synthesized from a polyprotein precursor, which is cleaved nascently. the synthesized proteins include viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), viral genome-linked protein (vpg), and a helicase. vpg is covalently attached to the genomic form of +ssrna viruses. helica ... | 2005 | 15965605 |
| genetic diversity of ruminant pestiviruses from spain. | the genetic diversity of ruminant pestiviruses from spain was investigated by sequencing analysis of the 5' non-coding region (5'ncr) from 10 ovine and 41 bovine samples collected along 4 years (1999-2002) from different farms. the 5'ncr amplicons generated by a one-tube rt-pcr using primers 324/326 were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. when compared with strains from genbank database, spanish viruses clustered into three genotypes: bvdv 1, bdv and csfv. no bvdv 2 strains were identified ... | 2003 | 12606077 |
| dimerization of glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus is not essential for viral replication and infection. | the pestivirus glycoprotein e(rns), a ribonuclease, is expressed on the surface of virions and in infected cells as a disulfide-linked homodimer. e(rns) is involved in the infection process and its rnase activity is probably involved in viral replication and pathogenesis. the most c-terminal cysteine residue forms an intermolecular disulfide bond with another e(rns) monomer, resulting in an e(rns) dimer. to study the function of dimerisation of e(rns) for viral replication, the cysteine residue ... | 2005 | 15986175 |
| bvdv genotypes and biotypes: practical implications for diagnosis and control. | | 2003 | 12770544 |
| [heterogeneity of ruminant pestiviruses: academic interest or important basis for the development of vaccines and diagnostics?]. | pestiviruses cause economically important diseases of farm animals. members of the pestiviruses are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). phylogenetic analyses based on the entire nucleic acid sequence encoding the npro allow a statistically significant segregation of established species and of subgroups within the species. bvdv-1 strains isolated in germany can be associated with at least five different subgroups. in c ... | 2003 | 12784555 |
| pestivirus infection in a llama (llama glama). | | 1992 | 16031677 |
| pathogenesis of transplacental virus infection: pestivirus replication in the placenta and fetus following respiratory infection. | although transplacental virus infections account for considerable morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans, very little is so far known about the pathways whereby virus reaches the conceptus, the subsequent virus-host interactions in the early phases of the infections, and the establishment of persistent non-lethal infection. using a natural animal model we recently demonstrated that bovine pestivirus can spread from the site of infection to the ovine fetus within 72 h, despite the exp ... | 2002 | 11812211 |
| genetic typing of pestiviruses from new zealand. | to investigate the genetic type of 20 pestiviruses collected from new zealand over the period 1967-97. | 1998 | 16032008 |
| control options for neospora caninum infections in cattle--current state of knowledge. | this article reviews control options for neospora caninum infection and abortion in cattle, drawing on published literature and the authors' own research in this field. apart from the successful use of embryo transfer to prevent congenital infection in calves born to infected cows, there are currently no accepted control methods for the prevention of abortions in cattle. the epidemiological data at hand suggest that concomitant infections with bovine pestivirus increase the risk of abortion sign ... | 2002 | 16032217 |
| genetic characterization of a caprine pestivirus as the first member of a putative novel pestivirus subgroup. | currently, the genus pestivirus comprises four approved species, namely bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus (bdv). recently, three major genotypes have been identified within the species bdv and termed as subgroups bdv-1, bdv-2 and bdv-3. here, an isolate from animals in a herd showing bd-like syndromes, which occurred in central italy was analysed. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed using prim ... | 2005 | 16115092 |
| the carboxy-terminal sequence of the pestivirus glycoprotein e(rns) represents an unusual type of membrane anchor. | the e(rns) protein is a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses that lacks a typical membrane anchor sequence and is known to be secreted from the infected cell. however, major amounts of the protein are retained within the cell and attached to the virion by a so far unknown mechanism. transient-expression studies with cdna constructs showed that in a steady-state situation, 16% of the protein is found in the supernatant of the transfected cells while 84% appears as intracellular protein. we sho ... | 2005 | 16140766 |
| identification of a pestivirus isolated from a free-ranging pudu (pudu puda) in chile. | | 2005 | 16157573 |
| experimental model of border disease virus infection in lambs: comparative pathogenicity of pestiviruses isolated in france and tunisia. | pestiviruses have been isolated from live sheep pox tunisian vaccines. vaccination with these vaccines caused outbreaks of border disease in tunisia. in order to study more precisely the pathogenicity of these isolates, three groups of eight four month old lambs from a pestivirus-free flock were infected by the intratracheal route with a french strain (av) and two tunisian isolates (sn3g and lot21). clinical, hematological, immunological and virological parameters were evaluated. the three group ... | 2002 | 11873817 |
| evaluation of poliovirus vaccines for pestivirus contamination: non-specific amplification of poliovirus sequences by pan-pestivirus primers. | two lots of polyvalent live vaccines for human use against poliovirus were tested by reverse transcriptase (rt) and nested pcr for the presence of contaminating pestivirus rna. by rt-pcr, samples from both lots showed a band of approximately 450 bp instead of 300 bp for the reference pestivirus strain used as positive control. after nested pcr, the template dna (450 bp product) was not amplified, suggesting non-specificity of the previous amplification. sequencing analysis confirmed the non-spec ... | 2002 | 11879705 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from bison. | | 2005 | 16215247 |
| detection of a newly described pestivirus of pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in france. | a pestivirus was detected and characterized in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) originating from the french part of the pyrenees. phylogenetic analysis of the pestivirus was done on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region including 22 published nucleotide sequences of different pestivirus strains. our strain was grouped within the clade of border disease viruses (bdv). however, it had an intermediate position between clade bdv and classical swine fever viruses representing a ... | 2005 | 16244072 |
| noncytopathogenic pestivirus strains generated by nonhomologous rna recombination: alterations in the ns4a/ns4b coding region. | several studies have demonstrated that cytopathogenic (cp) pestivirus strains evolve from noncytopathogenic (noncp) viruses by nonhomologous rna recombination. in addition, two recent reports showed the rapid emergence of noncp bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) after a few cell culture passages of cp bvdv strains by homologous recombination between identical duplicated viral sequences. to allow the identification of recombination sites from noncp bvdv strains that evolve from cp viruses, we con ... | 2005 | 16254361 |
| development of a real time rt-pcr to detect and type ovine pestiviruses. | a real time one-step rt-pcr was designed to detect and type border disease virus (bdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 and bvdv type 2 in ovine samples. the real time rt-pcr was shown to behave in a linear manner and had limits of detection of 100-1000 copies of viral rna as judged by in vitro transcribed rna. the real time rt-pcr was validated on 50 clinical samples from uk flocks and was more sensitive than a virus isolation and a classical nested rt-pcr (nrt-pcr). the results of re ... | 2006 | 16309752 |
| a novel, highly selective inhibitor of pestivirus replication that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | we report on the highly potent and selective antipestivirus activity of 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip). the 50% effective concentration (ec50) for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-induced cytopathic effect formation was 0.04 +/- 0.01 microm. comparable reduction of viral rna synthesis (ec50 = 0.12 +/- 0.02 microm) and production of infectious virus (ec50= 0.074 +/- 0.003 microm) were observed. the selectivity index (ratio of 50% cytostatic con ... | 2006 | 16352539 |
| a single amino acid is critical for the expression of b-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus ns3 protein. | truncated ns3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved b-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) protein. a goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-ns3 monoclonal antibodies, including the bvdv-1 specific antibody p1d8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain ... | 2002 | 11900844 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes and in vitro culture of presumptive zygotes in the presence of bovine pestivirus. | a pathogen which has been shown to commonly contaminate in vitro bovine embryo production system is bovine pestivirus (bovine viral diarrhea virus). three experiments were designed to evaluate the in vitro maturation (experiment i), fertilization (experiment ii) and embryo development (experiment iii) of immature oocytes, inseminated oocytes and presumptive zygotes in the presence of a bovine pestivirus (non-cytopathic, ncp type 1). the virus inoculum used was derived from a persistently infecte ... | 2002 | 12047926 |
| dissection of a viral autoprotease elucidates a function of a cellular chaperone in proteolysis. | replication of positive-strand rna viruses involves translation of polyproteins which are proteolytically processed into functional peptides. these maturation steps often involve virus-encoded autoproteases specialized in generating their own n or c termini. nonstructural protein 2 (ns2) of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus represents such an enzyme. bovine viral diarrhea virus ns2 creates in cis its own c terminus and thereby releases an essential viral replication factor. as a unique ... | 2006 | 16432213 |
| time- and temperature-dependent activation of hepatitis c virus for low-ph-triggered entry. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important human pathogen associated with chronic liver disease. recently, based on a genotype 2a isolate, tissue culture systems supporting complete replication and infectious virus production have been developed. in this study, we used cell culture-produced infectious hcv to analyze the viral entry pathway into huh-7.5 cells. bafilomycin a1 and concanamycin a, inhibitors of vacuolar atpases, prevented hcv entry when they were present prior to infection and had mini ... | 2006 | 16439530 |
| leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in pigs after infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2). | the aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2) is pathogenic for pigs, which organs become infected and whether or to which extent the virus is excreted into the environment. ten pigs were observed for clinical reactions after infection with a bvdv-2 strain, that has been shown to be pathogenic in calves under experimental conditions. samples were taken to monitor thrombocyte and leukocyte counts as well as antibody development. post mortem examinations ... | 2002 | 12073495 |
| prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses in goats in austria. | serological investigations were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in goats in austria, and to investigate the possible relations to herd management practices. the prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated in 549 goats in 80 flocks from four regions of austria. the examination for antibodies was performed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting antibodies to the border disease virus (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). ... | 2006 | 16460357 |
| [differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and border disease: seroepidemiological investigation of a pestivirus infection on a mixed sheep and swine farm]. | during recent years neutralizing antibodies against border disease virus (bdv) were found repeatedly in german pig herds. consequently there was a demand for a differential diagnostic system. a permanent sheep cell line and bdv reference strain moredun were chosen and were applied in a could be used case study. a pestivirus could be isolated from piglets on a mixed farm and was characterised as 'non-classical swine fever' (csf) by using monoclonal antibodies. due to a csf suspicion the pig herd ... | 2001 | 11417380 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| localization of viral proteins in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in this report, protein localization studies were performed to assess the mechanism for the release of mature virus particles from infected cells. since bvdv is an enveloped virus, budding from either intra- or extracellular membranes is feasible. a prerequisite for the latter mechanism is the integration of viral glycoproteins into the host cell membrane. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) di ... | 2001 | 11602770 |
| translocation activity of c-terminal domain of pestivirus erns and ribotoxin l3 loop. | the pestivirus envelope glycoprotein e(rns) has rnase activity and therefore was suspected to enter cells to cleave rna. the protein contains an rnase domain with a c-terminal extension, which shows homology with a membrane-active peptide. the modular architecture and the c-terminal homology suggested that the c terminus could be responsible for the presumed translocation. peptides corresponding to the c-terminal domain of e(rns) and also the homologous l3 loop of ribotoxin ii were indeed able t ... | 2002 | 11673454 |
| identification of pestiviruses contaminating cell lines and fetal calf sera. | three pestiviruses in fetal calf serum (fcs), a pestivirus in porcine st cell line, and two pestiviruses in two of five bovine cell lines were detected by rt-pcr method employing panpestivirus primers selected from the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr). the 288 bp products were sequenced in both directions. to identify these pestiviruses, their nucleotide sequences and those of reference pestiviruses were used for construction of a dendrogram. three viruses present in fcs and a virus present in the ... | 2001 | 11719986 |
| role of disulfide bond formation in the folding and assembly of the envelope glycoproteins of a pestivirus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, closely related to, and used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis c virus. its envelope contains the e1 and e2 glycoproteins, disulfide linked into homo- and heterodimers. in this study, we investigate the role of disulfide bond formation in the folding, assembly, and stability of bvdv glycoproteins. we provide molecular evidence that intact disulfide bonds are critical for the acquirement of a stable conform ... | 2002 | 12163043 |
| inhibition of beta interferon transcription by noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus is through an interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent mechanism. | the induction and inhibition of the interferon (ifn) response and apoptosis by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been examined. here we show that prior infection of cells by noncytopathogenic bvdv (ncp bvdv) fails to block transcriptional responses to alpha/beta ifn. in contrast, ncp bvdv-infected cells fail to produce ifn-alpha/beta or mxa in response to double-stranded rna (dsrna) or infection with a heterologous virus (semliki forest virus [sfv]). ncp bvdv preinfection is unable to block ... | 2002 | 12186882 |
| uncleaved ns2-3 is required for production of infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus. | despite increasing characterization of pestivirus-encoded proteins, functions for nonstructural (ns) proteins ns2, ns2-3, ns4b, and ns5a have not yet been reported. here we investigated the function of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) uncleaved ns2-3. to test whether ns2-3 has a discrete function, the uncleaved protein was specifically abolished in two ways: first by inserting a ubiquitin monomer between ns2 and ns3, and second by placing an internal ribosome entry site between the two protein ... | 2004 | 14963137 |
| an avirulent chimeric pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus. | a chimeric pestivirus was constructed using an infectious cdna clone of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) [j. virol. 70 (1996) 8606]. after deletion of the envelope protein e2-encoding region, the respective sequence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort 187 was inserted in-frame resulting in plasmid pa/cp7_e2alf. after transfection of in vitro-transcribed cp7_e2alf rna, autonomous replication of chimeric rna in bovine and porcine cell cultures was observed. efficient growth of ch ... | 2004 | 15063124 |
| role of n-glycan trimming in the folding and secretion of the pestivirus protein e(rns). | n-glycosylation inhibitors have antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus. this effect is associated with inhibition of the productive folding pathway of e1 and e2 envelope glycoproteins. e(rns) is the third pestivirus envelope protein, essential for virus infectivity. the protein is heavily glycosylated, its n-linked glycans counting for half of the apparent molecular weight. in this report we address the importance of n-glycan trimming in the biosynthesis, folding, and intracellular ... | 2004 | 15178456 |
| detection of genome-scale ordered rna structure (gors) in genomes of positive-stranded rna viruses: implications for virus evolution and host persistence. | discrete rna secondary and higher-order structures, typically local in extent, play a fundamental role in rna virus replication. using new bioinformatics analysis methods, we have identified genome-scale ordered rna structure (gors) in many genera and families of positive-strand animal and plant rna viruses. there was remarkably variability between genera that possess this characteristic; for example, hepaciviruses in the family flaviviridae show evidence for extensive internal base-pairing thro ... | 2004 | 15273323 |
| evolutionary origin of the jiv90 gene of pestivirus. | phylogenetic analyses were used to test the hypothesis that the jiv90 insert in the genomes of pestivirus species originated by horizontal transfer from their hosts (mammals in the order artiodactyla). the results supported this hypothesis because the jiv90 insert clustered with the corresponding domains of mammalian jiv proteins and closer to artiodactyl than to rodent or primate genes. a phylogeny of pestivirus genotypes showed that the jiv90 insert occurred only in one clade (pestivirus type ... | 2004 | 15374530 |
| homologous recombination in bovine pestiviruses. phylogenetic and statistic evidence. | bovine pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrea virus 1 (bvdv 1) and bovine viral diarrea virus 2 (bvdv 2)) belong to the genus pestivirus (flaviviridae), which is composed of positive stranded rna viruses causing significant economic losses world-wide. we used phylogenetic and bootstrap analyses to systematically scan alignments of previously sequenced genomes in order to explore further the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation in the virus. previously published data suggested that homol ... | 2004 | 15374531 |
| a novel pestivirus associated with deaths in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). | during investigations into recent population decreases in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) 21 animals found dead or dying were necropsied. immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a pestivirus in organs from two of the 21 chamois. from one of these animals a pestivirus was isolated from the spleen, skin and serum. the virus had better growth in ovine than in bovine cells and was neutralized most effectively by an anti-border disease virus (bdv) reference antiserum. using pan ... | 2004 | 15557238 |
| identification of antigenic regions of the erns protein for pig antibodies elicited during classical swine fever virus infection. | the structural glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is one of the major antibody targets upon infection of pigs with the virus. molecular dissection of the structure of e(rns) would define the minimal immunodominant regions that induce antibody responses after infection and may thus help design an effective diagnostic reagent or vaccine. in this study, deletion analysis was made within amino acids (aa) 297 to 776 of the csfv alfort/187 polyprotein containing the large c-term ... | 2004 | 15671490 |
| [site-directed mutagensis of the major antigen e2 gene of csfv, its high level expression in escherichia coli and the immunonicity of recombinant e2 protein]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv), an enveloped positive-stranded rna virus in the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of a highly contagious swine disease characterized by symptoms of hemorrhagic fever and immune depression, usually leading to substantial economic losses. the serological methods for detection of csfv antibody such as elisa are important means for the diagnosis of csfv and immune surveillance. it is difficult to obtain csfv antigen with high qual ... | 2003 | 15969061 |
| essential and nonessential elements in the 3' nontranslated region of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the 3' nontranslated region (ntr) of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a close relative of human hepatitis c virus, consists of three stem-loops which are separated by two single-stranded regions. as in other positive-stranded rna viruses, the 3' ntr of pestiviruses is involved in crucial processes of the viral life cycle. while several studies characterized cis-acting elements within the 3' ntr of a bvdv replicon, there are no studies addressing the significance of these elemen ... | 2005 | 15994806 |
| persistence of bovine viral diarrhea virus is determined by a cellular cofactor of a viral autoprotease. | polyprotein processing control is a crucial step in the life cycle of positive-strand rna viruses. recently, a vital autoprotease generating an essential viral replication factor was identified in such a virus, namely, the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus. surprisingly, the activity of this protease, which resides in nonstructural protein 2 (ns2), diminishes early after infection, resulting in the limitation of viral rna replication. here, we describe that a cellular chaperone termed jiv ( ... | 2005 | 16014936 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against bovine pestivirus. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed and compared with the serum neutralisation test for bovine pestivirus using 508 cattle sera and serial serum samples from a goat hyperimmunized with five bovine pestivirus isolates. there was 96.7% agreement between the two tests. the relative sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared to the serum neutralisation test was 95.2% and the relative specificity was 99.4%. the titres of individual animals in the assay did ... | 1993 | 16031709 |
| immune responses to non-structural protein 3 (ns3) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in ns3 dna vaccinated and naturally infected cattle. | immune responses to non-structural protein 3 (ns3) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were investigated. cdna encoding ns3 from type 1a bvdv was used to vaccinate five calves, another five calves remained unvaccinated. three weeks after final vaccination animals were challenged intranasally with heterologous type 1a bvdv. anti-ns3 antibodies were detected in only one animal post-vaccination. partial protection from virus challenge was observed in the vaccinates. virus was not isolated from n ... | 2005 | 16169103 |
| genetic heterogeneity of pestiviruses of ruminants in switzerland. | we have genetically analyzed ruminant pestiviruses. all >150 bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses isolated from cattle in switzerland belonged to genotype 1, with subgenogroups e, h, k and b found in decreasing frequency. to date, representatives of subgenogroup k have been detected in switzerland only. despite serological evidence of border disease in sheep, only few border disease viruses have been isolated, all of which belong to the novel group 3. serological evidence suggested that pestiviru ... | 2005 | 16213615 |
| the amino-terminal domain of bovine viral diarrhea virus npro protein is necessary for alpha/beta interferon antagonism. | the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) system is the first line of defense against viral infection and a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. ifn-alpha/beta secretion is the hallmark of cellular responses to acute rna virus infections. as part of their survival strategy, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the host ifn-alpha/beta response. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) (genus pestivirus) was reported to trigger interferon production in infected ... | 2006 | 16378992 |
| lymphocytopathogenic activity in vitro correlates with high virulence in vivo for bvdv type 2 strains: criteria for a third biotype of bvdv. | two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv), cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), are recognized based on their activity in cultured epithelial cells. biotype does not correlate to virulence in acute infections as bvdv strains associated with severe acute bvd outbreaks are all noncytopathic based on their growth characteristics in cultured epithelial cells. previous studies have shown that acute infections with highly virulent bvdv result in depletion of cells in lymphoid tissues. i ... | 2006 | 16384618 |
| oesophagoscopy and detection of viral nucleic acids in oesophageal biopsies--a contribution to bvdv diagnosis. | the endoscopic appearance of the oesophagus of animals infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) but without signs of acute mucosal disease (md) was investigated for any common or 'early warning' lesions. thirty-seven bvdv-infected animals [36 persistently infected (pi) and one transiently infected] were examined clinically and endoscopically for typical erosions of the oronasal and oesophageal mucosa, respectively. during oesophagoscopy, mucosal biopsies were taken and tested for pestiv ... | 2006 | 16460350 |
| nmr structure and molecular dynamics of the in-plane membrane anchor of nonstructural protein 5a from bovine viral diarrhea virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) is a monotopic membrane protein anchored to the membrane by an n-terminal in-plane amphipathic alpha-helix. this membrane anchor is essential for the assembly of a functional viral replication complex. although amino acid sequences differ considerably, putative membrane anchors with amphipathic features were predicted in ns5a from related flaviviridae family members, in particular bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototype representa ... | 2006 | 16475810 |
| a long distance rt-pcr able to amplify the pestivirus genome. | a method to amplify long genomic regions (up to approximately 12.3 kb) from pestiviruses in one rt-pcr is described. the difficulty in designing conserved pestivirus primers for the amplification of genomes from highly divergent isolates simply by means of overlapping segments is demonstrated using new bioinformatic tools. an alternative procedure consisting of optimizing the length of the genomic cdna fragments and their subsequent amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a limite ... | 2006 | 16497393 |
| pestivirus as a cause of white matter damage - down but not out. | | 2006 | 16542508 |
| absence of pestivirus antigen in brains with white matter damage. | we previously suggested that antenatal pestivirus infection might play a role in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain white matter damage (wmd) in preterm infants. we have now examined 22 brains from stillborns and deceased newborns (both preterm and term) for the presence of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigen. the brains of five females and five males with wmd (median gestational age 36.5wks), and nine female and three male controls (median gestational age 36.5wks) were used in the stud ... | 2006 | 16542517 |
| [seroprevalence of antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses in sheep and goats in tyrol (austria)]. | in this study 2058 blood samples from sheep of 150 flocks from the province of tyrol were tested by elisa and serum neutralisation tests for antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses. in the elisa, positive results were obtained with 34.9% of individual sheep sera and in 89.3% of the sheep flocks. the prevalence in sheep and sheep flocks varied according to areas. seroprevalence of pestiviruses was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in small ruminants pastured during summertime on the alps. comparative n ... | 2006 | 16555484 |
| function of bovine cd46 as a cellular receptor for bovine viral diarrhea virus is determined by complement control protein 1. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was shown to bind to the bovine cd46 molecule, which subsequently promotes entry of the virus. to assess the receptor usage of bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1) and bvdv-2, 30 bvdv isolates including clinical samples were assayed for their sensitivity to anti-cd46 antibodies. with a single exception the infectivity of all tested strains of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 was inhibited by anti-cd46 antibodies, which indicates the general usage of cd46 as a bvdv receptor. mo ... | 2006 | 16571808 |
| a multiplex dna suspension microarray for simultaneous detection and differentiation of classical swine fever virus and other pestiviruses. | an oligonucleotide suspension microarray (luminex microsphere system) was developed for detection and differentiation of animal pestiviruses: classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2), and border disease virus (bdv). species-specific and pestivirus-common oligonucleotide probes were designed to the 5' utr region and conjugated to individual color-coded luminex carboxy beads (probe beads). target pestivirus sequences were amplified by asymmetr ... | 2006 | 16690139 |
| the effect of bovine pestivirus infection on the superovulatory response of friesian heifers. | the pathogenesis of reproductive loss associated with bovine pestivirus infection during the preovulatory period was investigated using superovulated heifers. twenty-five friesian heifers were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 12) which did not become infected or to a treatment group (n = 13) which became infected following intranasal instillation of 2 ml of serum inoculum containing 5.5 log(10) tcid(50)/ml non-cytopathic virus, 9 d prior to artificial insemination (a ... | 1997 | 16728188 |
| [seroepidemiological survey of sheep in carinthia for the dissemination of ruminant pestiviruses]. | in this study serological investigations were performed to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep in one federal state of austria, namely carinthia. 1527 blood samples from sheep in 147 flocks were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus-neutralisation tests for antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses. the estimated flock prevalence was 47.6%, the individual prevalence 16.3%. significant geographical variations in the flock as well in the individual pr ... | 2006 | 16729466 |
| a seroepidemiological study of bovine pestivirus in queensland beef and dairy herds conducted in 1994/95. | to describe the distribution and prevalence of cattle herds with detectable antibody to bovine pestivirus in queensland in 1994/95. | 2006 | 16739525 |