| ectopic expression of a horseradish peroxidase enhances growth rate and increases oxidative stress resistance in hybrid aspen. | we previously demonstrated that overexpression of the horseradish (armoracia rusticana) peroxidase prxc1a gene stimulated the growth rate of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. here, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s::prxc1a construct was introduced into hybrid aspen (populus sieboldii x populus grandidentata). the growth rate of these transformed hybrid aspen plants was substantially increased under greenhouse conditions. the average stem length of transformed plants was 25% greater than that of ... | 2003 | 12857800 |
| comparing constitutive promoters using cat activity in transgenic tobacco plants. | the effectiveness of different promoters for use in transgenic tobacco was compared using a reporter gene expressing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat). plasmids with cat gene controlled by cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s), rice actin1 (ract1) and tobacco polyubiquitin (tubi.u4) promoters were delivered into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the ract1 promoter, previously shown to be a strong promoter in rice and other monocots, failed to promote strong expres ... | 2003 | 14503855 |
| transient expression in mammalian cells of transgenes transcribed from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. | gene constructs containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and a sequence coding either for a green fluorescent protein (gfp) or for firefly luciferase were transfected into chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. both reporter genes were expressed to significant levels. the 35s promoter was 40 times less active than the human ef1 alpha promoter, which is known to be one of the most potent promoters in mammalian cells. the 35s promoter must therefore be considered to be a promoter of ... | 2004 | 15612506 |
| decreased content of leaf ferredoxin changes electron distribution and limits photosynthesis in transgenic potato plants. | a complete ferredoxin (fd) cdna clone was isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv desiree) leaves. by molecular and immunoblot analysis, the gene was identified as the leaf-specific fd isoform i. transgenic potato plants were constructed by introducing the homologous potato fed 1 cdna clone as an antisense construct under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. stable antisense lines with fd contents between 40% and 80% of the wild-type level were selected by ... | 2003 | 14645726 |
| transgenic expression of the arabidopsis della proteins gai and gai confers altered gibberellin response in tobacco. | bioactive gibberellin (ga) regulates the growth and development of a wide array of plant species. ga exerts its effects via members of the della protein family of putative transcriptional regulators. the gai gene encodes gai, a della protein from arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heyhn. a mutant allele, gai, encodes a mutant protein (gai) that has altered properties, and confers a dominant, reduced ga-response, dwarf phenotype. here we describe experiments to investigate the effects of transgenic expres ... | 2003 | 14713199 |
| ecdysone agonist-inducible expression of a coat protein gene from tobacco mosaic virus confers viral resistance in transgenic arabidopsis. | constitutive expression of a gene encoding tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) coat protein (cp) in transgenic plants confers resistance to infection by tmv and related tobamoviruses. here, we examined resistance to tmv by temporal and quantitative control of tmv cg cp (cgcp) gene expression using a simple, methoxyfenozide-inducible system in arabidopsis plants. by soil drenching with a commercial ecdysone agonist (intrepid-2f/methoxyfenozide), most transgenic lines were induced from undetectable levels ... | 2004 | 14731262 |
| enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in foliage plant caladium bicolor. | a protocol was developed for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of monocotyledon foliage plant caladium bicolor cv. jackie suthers using leaf disc and petiole as the explants. the explants were inoculated with agrobacterium strain lba4404 harboring a binary vector with the maize anthocyanin regulatory gene lc under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. callus formation was induced in ms medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba), 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichloro ... | 2005 | 15372198 |
| activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in sesame by over-expression of carrot calmodulin gene. | transgenic sesame (sesamum schinzianum asch.) was produced by agrobacterium-mediated transfection of a carrot calmodulin gene, cam-4, which was specifically expressed upon the contact of carrot cells with oligogalacturonide elicitor. coding region of cam-4 was ligated to the downstream of 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and subcloned into pmatgbo-db3.1. a. tumefaciens 4404 was transformed with the constructed vector, and the crown gall tissues formed in the sesame seedlings were transfe ... | 2004 | 15467207 |
| enhancer trapping identifies tri, an arabidopsis gene up-regulated by pathogen infection. | enhancer trap arabidopsis thaliana plants were screened for genes up-regulated by virus infection. the plants carried t-dna insertions comprising a minimal -60-bp cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. approximately 12,000 plants were assayed for gus activity before and after rub-inoculation with tobacco rattle virus (trv) tagged with the green fluorescent protein (gfp). one plant and its progeny consistently showed upregulation of gus activity ... | 2004 | 15497401 |
| ectopic expression of arabidopsis cycd2 and cycd3 in tobacco has distinct effects on the structural organization of the shoot apical meristem. | transgenic tobacco lines expressing arath-cycd2 or arath-cycd3 genes under a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter are modified in the timing of their development, but not in the phenotype of their vegetative organs. they display an increased rate of leaf initiation, which is shown to be associated with distinct changes in the structural organization of their shoot apical meristem (sam). constitutive expression of arath-cycd2 leads to a progressive modification of the sam structural organization ... | 2005 | 15501911 |
| strategies for development of functionally equivalent promoters with minimum sequence homology for transgene expression in plants: cis-elements in a novel dna context versus domain swapping. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) promoter has been extensively used for the constitutive expression of transgenes in dicotyledonous plants. the repetitive use of the same promoter is known to induce transgene inactivation due to promoter homology. as a way to circumvent this problem, we tested two different strategies for the development of synthetic promoters that are functionally equivalent but have a minimum sequence homology. such promoters can be generated by (a) introducing known cis ... | 2003 | 12805627 |
| different effects on acc oxidase gene silencing triggered by rna interference in transgenic tomato. | rna interference (rnai) is a potent trigger for specific gene silencing of expression in a number of organisms and is an efficient way of shutting down gene expression. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of acc to ethylene, a plant growth regulator that plays an important role in the tomato ripening process. in this research, to produce double-stranded (ds)rna of tomato acc oxidase, we linked the sense and antisense configurations of dna fragments with 1,002- ... | 2005 | 15503033 |
| expression and characterization of hepatitis b surface antigen in transgenic potato plants. | transgenic potato plants expressing the gene of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) under the control of the double promoter of 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv 35ss) and the promoter of patatin gene of potato tubers have been obtained. biochemical analysis of the plants was performed. the amount of hbsag in leaves, microtubers, and tubers of transgenic potatoes growing in vitro and in vivo was 0.005-0.035% of the total soluble protein. hbsag content reached 1 microg/g in potato tubers ... | 2004 | 15527417 |
| the promoter of milk vetch dwarf virus component 8 confers effective gene expression in both dicot and monocot plants. | the activity of a predicted promoter, pmc8, from milk vetch dwarf virus was evaluated by comparing it with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter (p35s) and pncr, a promoter from soybean chlorotic mottle virus. when the gus fusion gene was introduced into tobacco, pmc8 showed a similar expression profile to p35s but with a more intense expression in proliferating tissues. the usefulness of pmc8 was confirmed by driving nptii for selection of kanamycin-resistant tobacco plants with improve ... | 2005 | 15812660 |
| production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in transgenic plants. | cervical cancer is linked to infection with human papillomaviruses (hpv) and is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. there is a strong demand for the development of an hpv preventive vaccine. transgenic plants expressing the hpv major capsid protein l1 could be a system to produce virus-like particles for prophylactic vaccination or could even be used as edible vaccines to induce an l1-specific prophylactic immune response. here, we describe the generation of transgenic tobacco an ... | 2003 | 12915537 |
| characterization of the ethanol-inducible alc gene expression system in tomato. | the efficacy of the ethanol-inducible alc transgene expression system, derived from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, has been demonstrated in transgenic tomato. two direct comparisons have been made. first, this study has utilized two transgenic lines carrying distinct reporter genes (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase) to distinguish aspects of induction determined by the nature of the gene/gene product rather than that of the plant. second, comparisons have be ... | 2005 | 15851414 |
| transgenic resistance to tobacco ringspot virus. | the coat protein (cp) gene including the 3'-untranslated region (utr) of rna2 of a cherry isolate of tobacco ringspot virus (trsv) was utilized in a cp-mediated resistance (cp-mr) strategy. to facilitate construction of plant expression vectors the sequence context of the cp gene translation initiation codon was modified at the 5'-end of the coding sequence by including an initiation codon. the gene was ligated to a version of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter with a duplicated en ... | 2004 | 15595207 |
| overexpression of sod2 increases salt tolerance of arabidopsis. | the yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) sod2 (sodium2) gene was introduced into arabidopsis under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. transformants were selected for their ability to grow on medium containing kanamycin. southern- and northern-blot analyses confirmed that sod2 was transferred into the arabidopsis genome. there were no obvious morphological or developmental differences between the transgenic and wild-type (wt) plants. several transgenic homozygous lines and wt ... | 2003 | 14630955 |
| rapid analysis of genetically modified organisms by in-house developed capillary electrophoresis chip and laser-induced fluorescence system. | a microfabricated, inexpensive, reusable glass capillary electrophoresis chip and a laser-induced fluorescence system were developed in-house for the rapid dna-based analysis of genetically modified organisms (gmos). the 35s promoter sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus and the terminator of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens were both detected since they are present in most genetically modified organisms. the detection of genetically modified soybean in the presence ... | 2004 | 15004856 |
| impact of altered gibberellin metabolism on biomass accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. | gibberellins (gas) are involved in regulation of many aspects during plant development. to investigate the impact of altered ga levels on plant growth and metabolism, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants have been engineered to express either a ga20-oxidase (atga20-ox) or a ga2-oxidase (atga2-ox) gene from arabidopsis under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. resulting plants were characterized by elongated or stunted shoot growth, respectively, indicating changes in t ... | 2004 | 15122040 |
| the avirulence domain of cauliflower mosaic virus transactivator/viroplasmin is a determinant of viral virulence in susceptible hosts. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) transactivator/viroplasmin (tav) is a multifunctional protein essential for basic replication of camv. it also plays a role in viral pathogenesis in crucifer and solanaceous host plants. deletion mutagenesis revealed that n- and c-terminal parts of tav are not essential for camv replication in transfected protoplasts. two deletion mutants having only minimal defects in basic replication were infectious in turnips but only with highly attenuated virulence. this was ... | 2004 | 15141951 |
| spindly and gigantea interact and act in arabidopsis thaliana pathways involved in light responses, flowering, and rhythms in cotyledon movements. | spindly (spy) is a negative regulator of gibberellin signaling in arabidopsis thaliana that also functions in previously undefined pathways. the n terminus of spy contains a protein-protein interaction domain consisting of 10 tetratricopeptide repeats (tprs). gigantea (gi) was recovered from a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with the tpr domain. gi and spy also interacted in escherichia coli and in vitro pull-down assays. the phenotypes of spy and spy-4 gi-2 plants support the ... | 2004 | 15155885 |
| oral administration of a mite allergen expressed by zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucurbit species downregulates allergen-induced airway inflammation and ige synthesis. | sublingual-swallow immunotherapy in house dust mite-related asthma has a good safety profile and improves respiratory function and bronchial hyperreactivity. zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) is envisaged as a promising viral vector for expressing large quantity of foreign proteins in cucurbit species. | 2004 | 15208588 |
| stable high-level transgene expression in arabidopsis thaliana using gene silencing mutants and matrix attachment regions. | basic and applied research involving transgenic plants often requires consistent high-level expression of transgenes. however, high inter-transformant variability of transgene expression caused by various phenomena, including gene silencing, is frequently observed. here, we show that stable, high-level transgene expression is obtained using arabidopsis thaliana post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) sgs2 and sgs3 mutants. in populations of first generation (t1) a. thaliana plants transformed ... | 2004 | 15255872 |
| control of translation reinitiation on the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) polycistronic rna. | translation of the polycistronic 35s rna of camv (cauliflower mosaic virus) occurs via a reinitiation mechanism, which requires tav (transactivator/viroplasmin). to allow translation reinitiation of the major open reading frames on the polycistronic rna, tav interacts with the host translational machinery via eif3 (eukaryotic initiation factor 3) and the 60s ribosome. accumulation of tav and eif3 in the polysomal fraction isolated from camv-infected cells suggested that tav prevents loss of eif3 ... | 2004 | 15270684 |
| inappropriate annotation of a key defence marker in arabidopsis: will the real pr-1 please stand up? | pr-1 has been extensively used as a marker for salicylic acid (sa)-mediated defence and systemic and local acquired resistance. the arabidopsis genome project annotates at2g19990 as pr-1. this gene is also identified as pr-1 in two "full genome" arabidopsis microarrays, and tair cites approximately 60 articles to describe its patterns of expression. however, most of these citations are incorrect; the probes used were not at2g19990, but a homologous gene at2g14610, which is annotated as "pr-1-lik ... | 2004 | 15293050 |
| plant defense gene promoter enhances the reliability of shiva-1 gene-induced resistance to soft rot disease in potato. | pal5, a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plant defense gene that encodes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, is known to respond to a variety of environmental stresses including pathogen infection and wounding. a shiva-1 gene recombinant that encodes a small synthetic antibacterial peptide under the pal5 gene promoter was transformed into potato (solanum tuberosum l.) and its ability to induce resistance to erwinia carotovora was compared with a construct under the control of the constitutive and ... | 2004 | 15309537 |
| enhancement of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in insect cells infected with baculovirus. | we happened to discover that the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter inserted into a recombinant autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (racmnpv) was strongly activated during the replication of the recombinant virus in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. the expression of the luciferase gene from the 35s promoter in racmnpv was remarkably increased late in infection and was resistant to alpha-amanitin treatment. primer extension indicated that transcriptional initiation ... | 2005 | 16022899 |
| tolerance of transgenic canola expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase to growth inhibition by nickel. | plant growth-promoting bacteria are useful to phytoremediation strategies in that they confer advantages to plants in contaminated soil. when plant growth-promoting bacteria contain the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase, the bacterial cell acts as a sink for acc, the immediate biosynthetic precursor of the plant growth regulator ethylene thereby lowering plant ethylene levels and decreasing the negative effects of various environmental stresses. in an effort to gain th ... | 2005 | 16023358 |
| identification of a specific isoform of tomato lipoxygenase (tomloxc) involved in the generation of fatty acid-derived flavor compounds. | there are at least five lipoxygenases (tomloxa, tomloxb, tomloxc, tomloxd, and tomloxe) present in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) fruit, but their role in generation of fruit flavor volatiles has been unclear. to assess the physiological role of tomloxc in the generation of volatile c6 aldehyde and alcohol flavor compounds, we produced transgenic tomato plants with greatly reduced tomloxc using sense and antisense constructs under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the ... | 2004 | 15347800 |
| a single complementary-sense transcript of a geminiviral dna beta satellite is determinant of pathogenicity. | small circular single-stranded dna satellites, termed dnabeta, have recently been found associated with some geminivirus infections. the dna beta associated with cotton leaf curl virus is responsible for symptom expression of a devastating disease in pakistan. mutagenesis of dna beta revealed that the complementary-sense open reading frame (orf) betac1 is required for inducing disease symptoms in nicotiana tabacum. an orf present on the virion-sense strand betav1 appeared to have no role in path ... | 2005 | 15672813 |
| characterization and activity enhancement of the phloem-specific pumpkin pp2 gene promoter. | the promoter of the pumpkin (cucurbita moschata) pp2 gene (designated np) was isolated from the restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna pool by genome walking and its activity and phloem specificity were examined in transgenic tobacco plants by using gus as a reporter. deletion analysis of the promoter revealed that the 473-bp fragment (-465 to + 8 relative to the transcription start site; designated as npii) exhibited similar activity as the full-length np promoter and retained its phloem speci ... | 2004 | 15672837 |
| [pcr detection of transgenic elements in feed raw material]. | based on the heterogeneous genes usually used in transgenic crops, the pcr technique was performed with primers derived from camv 35s promoter (35s-promoter,originated from cauliflower mosaic virus), nos terminator (nopaline synthase-terminator,derived from agrobacterium tumefaciens), epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene, and cryia(b) (delta-endotoxin,evolved from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) gene to detect transgenic agents from feed raw materials of soybean dregs ... | 2002 | 16126685 |
| identification of functional apple scab resistance gene promoters. | apple scab (venturia inaequalis) is one of the most damaging diseases affecting commercial apple production. some wild malus species possess resistance against apple scab. one gene, hcrvf2, from a cluster of three genes derived from the wild apple malus floribunda clone 821, has recently been shown to confer resistance to apple scab when transferred into a scab-susceptible apple variety. for this proof-of-function experiment, the use of the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus was reliable ... | 2005 | 15726316 |
| a novel microsurgery method for intact plant tissue at the single cell level using arf excimer laser microprojection. | a novel microsurgery technique for the partial removal of rigid cell-walls in intact plant tissue is established. using a size-variable slit, an arf excimer laser was microprojected on the surface of the targeted cell, and this method enabled the area- and depth-controllable processing of the cortical structure of plant cells including the cuticle and cell wall layer. in epidermal cells of all tested plants, viabilities of more than 90% were retained 24 h after irradiation. scanning electron mic ... | 2006 | 16193516 |
| the open reading frame vi product of cauliflower mosaic virus is a nucleocytoplasmic protein: its n terminus mediates its nuclear export and formation of electron-dense viroplasms. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame vi product (p6) is essential for the viral infection cycle. it controls translation reinitiation of the viral polycistronic rnas and forms cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (viroplasms) where virus replication and assembly occur. in this study, the mechanism involved in viroplasm formation was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. far protein gel blot assays using a collection of p6 deletion mutants demonstrated that the n-terminal al ... | 2005 | 15746075 |
| expression of human papillomavirus type 16 l1 protein in transgenic tobacco plants. | to develop a plant expression system for the production of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) vaccine, we investigated whether the hpv16 l1 protein can be expressed in tobacco plants and whether it can be used as the cheapest form of edible vaccine. the hpv16 l1 coding sequence was amplified by pcr using specific primers from the plasmid pgem-t-hpv16 containing the template sequence, and subcloned into the intermediate vector pucmt and binary vector pbi121 consecutively to obtain the plant ... | 2005 | 15756416 |
| isolation and characterisation of three moss-derived beta-tubulin promoters suitable for recombinant expression. | the moss physcomitrella patens is an excellent tool to study plant gene-function relationships due to its high rate of homologous recombination (hr). it has also been shown to be very useful in the production of recombinant proteins which are secreted into a simple medium. thus, there is a need for suitable promoters functional in this well established model organism. we isolated genomic flanking regions of the beta-tubulin gene family from physcomitrella, concentrating on those family members s ... | 2004 | 15605251 |
| the plant gene ccd1 selectively blocks cell death during the hypersensitive response to cauliflower mosaic virus infection. | the p6 protein of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) w260 elicits a hypersensitive response (hr) on inoculated leaves of nicotiana edwardsonii. this defense response, common to many plant pathogens, has two key characteristics, cell death within the initially infected tissues and restriction of the pathogen to this area. we present evidence that a plant gene designated ccd1, originally identified in n. bigelovii, can selectively block the cell death pathway during hr, whereas the resistance pathway ... | 2005 | 15782635 |
| suppression of allene oxide cyclase in hairy roots of medicago truncatula reduces jasmonate levels and the degree of mycorrhization with glomus intraradices. | during the symbiotic interaction between medicago truncatula and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices, an endogenous increase in jasmonic acid (ja) occurs. two full-length cdnas coding for the ja-biosynthetic enzyme allene oxide cyclase (aoc) from m. truncatula, designated as mtaoc1 and mtaoc2, were cloned and characterized. the aoc protein was localized in plastids and found to occur constitutively in all vascular tissues of m. truncatula. in leaves and roots, mtaocs are e ... | 2005 | 16244141 |
| transgenic tobacco plants expressing a dimeric single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody against salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b. | transgenic tobacco plants were produced that express an anti-salmonella enterica single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody that binds to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of s. enterica paratyphi b. the coding sequence of this scfv was optimized for expression in tobacco, synthesized and subsequently placed behind three different promoters: an enhanced tobacco constitutive ubiquitous promoter (entcup4), and single- and double-enhancer versions of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv 3 ... | 2005 | 16245169 |
| a coiled-coil interaction mediates cauliflower mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement. | the function of the virion-associated protein (vap) of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) has long been only poorly understood. vap is associated with the virion but is dispensable for virus morphogenesis and replication. it mediates virus transmission by aphids through simultaneous interaction with both the aphid transmission factor and the virion. however, although insect transmission is not fundamental to camv survival, vap is indispensable for spreading the virus infection within the host plant ... | 2005 | 15837934 |
| constitutive expression of human lactoferrin and its n-lobe in rice plants to confer disease resistance. | the milk protein, lactoferrin, is known to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. to explore the possibility of conferring disease resistance in plants by expressing this protein, the gene for the full-length human lactoferrin (hlf), as well as the n-lobe, the n-terminal half molecule (hlfn), was introduced into rice plants and expressed constitutively under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promotor. western blot analysis of leaves from hlf-transgenic rice plant ... | 2005 | 15864332 |
| characteristics of the promoters derived from the single-stranded dna components of milk vetch dwarf virus in transgenic tobacco. | predicted promoter regions of milk vetch dwarf virus (mdv) components (c1-c11) were isolated and fused with a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene and the characteristics of the promoters were examined. in transgenic tobacco calli, promoters of mdv c4 (encoding a cell-cycle link protein), c5 and c7 (both encoding unknown proteins), c6 (encoding a nuclear-shuttle protein) and c8 (encoding a movement protein) generated a stronger level of gus expression than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna ... | 2005 | 15914865 |
| hairpin rna-mediated silencing of plum pox virus p1 and hc-pro genes for efficient and predictable resistance to the virus. | we report the application of the hairpin-mediated rna silencing technology for obtaining resistance to plum pox virus (ppv) infection in nicotiana benthamiana plants. four sequences, covering the p1 and silencing suppressor hc-pro genes of an italian ppv m isolate, were introduced into n. benthamiana plants as two inverted repeats separated by an intron sequence under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in a leaf disk infection assay, 38 out of 40 t0 transge ... | 2005 | 16315100 |
| pea dna helicase 45 overexpression in tobacco confers high salinity tolerance without affecting yield. | salt tolerance is an important trait that is required to overcome salinity-induced reduction in plant productivity. we have reported previously the isolation of a pea dna helicase 45 (pdh45) that exhibits striking homology with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif-4a. here, we report that pdh45 mrna is induced in pea seedlings in response to high salt, and its overexpression driven by a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus-(35)s promoter in tobacco plants confers salinity tolerance, ... | 2005 | 15630095 |
| oslsd1, a rice zinc finger protein, regulates programmed cell death and callus differentiation. | the arabidopsis lsd1 and lol1 proteins both contain three conserved zinc finger domains and have antagonistic effects on plant programmed cell death (pcd). in this study, a rice (oryza sativa) functional homolog of lsd1, designated oslsd1, was identified. the expression of oslsd1 was light-induced or dark-suppressed. overexpression of oslsd1 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter accelerated callus differentiation in transformed rice tissues and increased chlorophyll b content in tr ... | 2005 | 15915636 |
| expression of a begomoviral dnabeta gene in transgenic nicotiana plants induced abnormal cell division. | an increasing number of monopartite begomoviruses are being identified that a satellite molecule (dnabeta) is required to induce typical symptoms in host plants. dnabeta encodes a single gene (termed betac1) encoded in the complementary-sense. we have produced transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum plants expressing the betac1 gene of a dnabeta associated with tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. transgenic plants ... | 2005 | 15633241 |
| [construction of a plant expression vector with tomato transcription factor gene pti5 and studies on transgenic tobaccos]. | the plasmid pbi121uch1 carrying pti5-vp16 gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was constructed. leaf segments of tobacco sri were infected by agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 with plasmid pbi121uch1, from which kanamycin resistant plants were obtained. pcr and southern analysis proved that the pti5-vp16 gene was integrated into the genomes of the tobacco plants. the disease resistance assay showed that the disease resistance was enhanced in the transgenic tobacco p ... | 2003 | 15639931 |
| genetic transformation of ascochyta rabiei using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | in order to study pathogenic mechanisms of the plant pathogen ascochyta rabiei, conditions for efficient transformation using agrobacterium-mediated transformation were investigated. hygromycin b resistance (hph) was superior to geneticin resistance (nptii) for selecting transformants, and the hph gene was more efficiently expressed by the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter than by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter camv35s. co-cultivation on solid media for 72 h was optimal for generatin ... | 2006 | 16369840 |
| two cis-acting regulatory elements are involved in the sucrose-inducible expression of the sporamin gene promoter from sweet potato in transgenic tobacco. | in this study, we generated transgenic tobacco plants that express the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene under the control of the 305-bp 5'-upstream region of a gene coding for sporamin a of sweet potato. expression of gus in excised tobacco leaves was induced by sucrose, mimicking the sugar-inducible expression of the endogenous sporamin genes in sweet potato. deletion of the sequences extending from position -305 (relative to the transcription start site) to -283 and from -146 to -87 resulted in a ... | 2005 | 15654621 |
| acclimation to diverse environmental stresses caused by a suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco by-2 cells. | the active oxygen species (aos) that arise from normal metabolic processes are kept under tight control by various antioxidant mechanisms. aos are important signal molecules that regulate many physiological processes, including environmental stress responses. in this work, we have investigated the effect of lowered cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (apx) activity in transgenic tobacco by-2 cells, using two transformed by-2 cell lines, capx-s2 and capx-s3, resulting from co-suppression by expression ... | 2005 | 15919670 |
| [expression of mortierella isabellina delta6-fatty acid desaturase gene in gamma-linolenic acid production in transgenic tobacco]. | gamma-linolenic acid (gla, c18:3delta6.9.12) is nutritional and important polyunsaturated fatty acid in human and animal diets. gla play an important role in hormone regulation and fatty acid metabolization. furthermore it is also the biological precursor of a group of molecules, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes. vast majority of oilseed crops do not produce gla, but linoleic acid (la, c18:2delta9.12) as its substrate. gla is only produced by a small number of oilseed plan ... | 2003 | 15966318 |
| does lignin modification affect feeding preference or growth performance of insect herbivores in transgenic silver birch (betula pendula roth)? | transgenic silver birch (betula pendula roth) lines were produced in order to modify lignin biosynthesis. these lines carry comt (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate o-methyltransferase) gene from populus tremuloides driven by constitutive promoter 35s camv (cauliflower mosaic virus) or ubb1 (ubiquitin promoter from sunflower). the decreased syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio was found in stem and leaf lignin of 35s camv-ptcomt transgenic silver birch lines when compared to non-transformed control or ubb1-ptc ... | 2005 | 15971066 |
| direct gene transfer to plants. | evidence for direct, gene-mediated stable genetic transformation of plant cells of nicotiana tabacum is presented. a selectable hybrid gene comprising the protein coding region of the tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type ii gene under control of cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi expression signals was introduced into plant protoplasts as part of an escherichia coli plasmid. the gene was stably integrated into plant genomic dna and constitutively expressed in selected, drug resistant, protop ... | 1984 | 16453573 |
| expression of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein by a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter in plants transformed by agrobacterium. | the 35s transcript promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus directs the synthesis of an abundant rna in infected leaf tissue that is both a template for reverse transcription during virus replication and also a polycistronic mrna. the 35s promoter was isolated and linked to a cdna of the 3' end of tobacco mosaic virus that encodes the coat protein of this single-stranded rna virus. after transformation of this gene construction into tobacco plants using a disarmed agrobacterium binary vector, viral ... | 1985 | 16453629 |
| single genes from agrobacterium rhizogenes influence plant development. | the combined expression of the rol a, b, and c loci of agrobacterium rhizogenes ri-plasmids establishes, in transgenic tobacco plants, a pathological state called hairy-root syndrome. however, when expressed separately they provoke distinct developmental abnormalities characteristic for each rol gene. moreover, changes in their mode of expression obtained by replacing the promoters of the rol b and c genes with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter elicit new and distinct developmental patte ... | 1988 | 15977331 |
| maize adh-1 promoter sequences control anaerobic regulation: addition of upstream promoter elements from constitutive genes is necessary for expression in tobacco. | the promoter region of a maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adh-1) was linked to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) and transformed stably into tobacco cells using t-dna vectors. no cat enzyme activity could be detected in transgenic tobacco plants unless upstream promoter elements from the octopine synthase gene or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter were supplied in addition to the maize promoter region. cat enzyme activity and transcription of the chimaeric ... | 1987 | 15981329 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 in transgenic plants confers virus resistance. | agrobacterium-mediated transfer from a binary vector was used to produce transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants that expressed coat protein of the plant virus, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). expression levels of the chimeric gene, which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s promoter, were determined in primary transformed plants, in the progeny from self-fertilization and in the progeny from crosses to normal tobacco. rna transcripts that were of the expected size as well as a prot ... | 1987 | 16453779 |
| [the study of transformation of tobacco with the stress responsible gene bors1 from brassica oleracea var. acephala]. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing a stress responsive gene bors1, isolated from brassica oleracea var. acephala, under the control of the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus were produced. some plants were further used to test the effect of high level bors1 expression on drought stress resistance. the presence of transgene in putative transgenic plants was confirmed by pcr analysis. thirty-six among 130 transformants showed amplification of predicted fragment of bors1 while no amplif ... | 2005 | 16108381 |
| continuous expression in tobacco leaves of a brassica napus pend homologue blocks differentiation of plastids and development of palisade cells. | brassica napus complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cdna) clones encoding a dna-binding protein, bnpend, were isolated by southwestern screening. a distinctive feature of the protein was a bzip-like sequence in the amino-terminal portion, which, after expression in escherichia coli, bound dna. bnpend transcripts were present in b. napus roots and flower buds, and to a lesser extent in stems, flowers and young leaves. treatment in the dark for 72 h markedly increased the amount of bnpend transcri ... | 2005 | 16167891 |
| a dna sequence element that confers seed-specific enhancement to a constitutive promoter. | genes encoding beta-conglycinin, a soybean seed storage protein, are expressed only in seeds during mid-to-late stages in embryogeny. it was previously determined that a dna sequence 200 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site of the gene encoding the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin is essential for regulated gene expression in transgenic plants. the regulatory effect of this dna element was tested by inserting the element in different positions and different orientations withi ... | 1988 | 16453825 |
| endosperm-specific activity of a zein gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. | transgenic tobacco plants containing maize gene (z4) encoding a 23-kd zein protein, which is normally synthesized in the endosperm of maize seeds, were obtained using a modified ti plasmid vector. although a polyadenylated transcript homologous to the z4 gene was present in the seeds of some of these transgenic plants, zein protein could not be detected in any of the plants tested (35 total). to simplify the analysis of the tissue specificity of the z4 promoter (z4(pro)) in different organs of t ... | 1988 | 16453838 |
| the intergenic region of maize streak virus contains promoter elements involved in rightward transcription of the viral genome. | maize streak virus (msv), a geminivirus with a one-component genome, encodes a major coat protein rna which accumulates in infected plants. using a maize protoplast cell transient expression system, we have defined and studied the promoter which drives rightward transcription of the rna encoding the coat protein. we have identified a 122 bp upstream segment that enhances promoter activity and functions as an upstream activating sequence (uas). the uas lies in the starting intergenic region of th ... | 1988 | 16453851 |
| inducible expression in plants by virus-mediated transgene activation. | we have developed a plant virus-mediated transgene activation (vmta) system that utilizes a viral expression vector to present the inducer. the concept was tested using two well characterized components: (i) an artificial promoter based on the yeast gal4 upstream activating sequence and the minimal tata element of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter, and (ii) a transcriptional activator (ta) consisting of a fusion between the gal4 dna binding domain and the herpes simplex virus vp16 activa ... | 2005 | 16201407 |
| activation of the pathogen-inducible gst1 promoter of potato after elicitation by venturia inaequalis and erwinia amylovora in transgenic apple (malus x domestica). | rather than using a constitutive promoter to drive transgenes for resistance against fungal and bacterial diseases in genetic engineering of apple (malus x domestica) cultivars, a promoter induced only after infection was preferred. the ability of the pgst1 promoter from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) to drive expression of the gusa reporter gene was determined in two genotypes of apple: the fruit cultivar royal gala and the m.26 rootstock. beta-glucuronidase activity in the transgenic lines grow ... | 2006 | 16475012 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of cauliflower mosaic virus to complement the 35s screening assay for genetically modified organisms. | labeling of genetically modified organisms (gmos) is now in place in many countries, including the european union, in order to guarantee the consumer's choice between gm and non-gm products. screening of samples is performed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of regulatory sequences frequently introduced into genetically modified plants. primers for the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) are those most frequently used. in virus-infected plants or in samples contamina ... | 2005 | 16001857 |
| cellular sterol ester synthesis in plants is performed by an enzyme (phospholipid:sterol acyltransferase) different from the yeast and mammalian acyl-coa:sterol acyltransferases. | a gene encoding a sterol ester-synthesizing enzyme was identified in arabidopsis. the cdna of the arabidopsis gene at1g04010 (atpsat) was overexpressed in arabidopsis behind the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. microsomal membranes from the leaves of overexpresser lines catalyzed the transacylation of acyl groups from phosphatidylethanolamine to sterols. this activity correlated with the expression level of the atpsat gene, thus demonstrating that this gene encodes a phospholipid:sterol ac ... | 2005 | 16020547 |
| post-translational regulation of cnd41 protease activity in senescent tobacco leaves. | the degradation of chloroplast proteins is an important occurrence in the mobilization of nutrients from senescing leaves to reproductive organs during senescence. recently, we proved that tobacco cnd41 protease is involved in rubisco degradation and the translocation of nitrogen during senescence. in this study, we show the post-translational regulation of cnd41 protease. using very specific antibodies that were prepared against cnd41-specific peptide (anti-val 186 to ser 206), immunoblot analy ... | 2005 | 16021504 |
| soluble methionine enhances accumulation of a 15 kda zein, a methionine-rich storage protein, in transgenic alfalfa but not in transgenic tobacco plants. | with the general aim of elevating the content of the essential amino acid methionine in vegetative tissues of plants, alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and tobacco plants, as well as by2 tobacco suspension cells, were transformed with a beta-zein::3ha gene under the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus encoding a rumen-stable methionine-rich storage protein of 15 kda zein. to examine whether soluble methionine content limited the accumulation of the 15 kda zein::3ha, methionine was first added to ... | 2005 | 16061510 |
| absence of detectable transgenes in local landraces of maize in oaxaca, mexico (2003-2004). | in 2000, transgenes were detected in local maize varieties (landraces) in the mountains of oaxaca, mexico [quist, d. & chapela, i. h. (2001) nature 414, 541-543]. this region is part of the mesoamerican center of origin for maize (zea mays l.), and the genetic diversity that is maintained in open-pollinated landraces is recognized as an important genetic resource of great cultural value. the presence of transgenes in landraces was significant because transgenic maize has never been approved for ... | 2005 | 16093316 |
| antisense suppression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase in tobacco does not affect plant performance in controlled growth conditions. | violaxanthin de-epoxidase (vde) catalyzes the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in the xanthophyll cycle. tobacco was transformed with an antisense vde construct under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to determine the effect of reduced levels of vde on plant growth. screening of 40 independent transformants revealed 18 antisense lines with reduced levels of vde activity with two in particular (tas32 and tas39) having greater than 95% reduction in ... | 2000 | 16228447 |
| 5' untranslated region of the hsp18.2 gene contributes to efficient translation in plant cells. | maximizing the amount of protein translated per unit mrna is an important goal in establishing expression systems. the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of mrna is known to play an important role in determining the rate of translation. the full length 5'-utr from the arabidopsis thaliana heat shock protein (hsp) gene,hspi8.2 gene, was inserted into the cloning site between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter and beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene in the pbi221 plasmid. when this construct was ... | 2003 | 16233366 |
| stable expression of a thermostable xylanase of clostridium thermocellum in cultured tobacco cells. | two distinct domains of the xyna gene from clostridium thermocellum encoding a xylanase catalytic domain (xynal) and a xylanase catalytic domain with a cellulose binding domain (xyna2) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter were electroporated into cultured tobacco by-2 cells. transgenic by -2 calli expressing xylan-hydrolyzing activity were obtained at high frequency for both genes. western blot analysis using an anti-xyna antibody indicated that xynal and xyna2 were pro ... | 2003 | 16233426 |
| consistent transcriptional silencing of 35s-driven transgenes in gentian. | in this study, no transgenic gentian (gentiana triflora x gentiana scabra) plants produced via agrobacterium-mediated transformation exhibited transgene (gtmads, gentian-derived mads-box genes or sgfp, green fluorescent protein) expression in their leaf tissues, despite the use of constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. strikingly, no expression of the selectable marker gene (bar) used for bialaphos selection was observed. to investigate the possible cause of this drastic tran ... | 2005 | 16262705 |
| hairy root-activation tagging: a high-throughput system for activation tagging in transformed hairy roots. | activation tagging is a powerful technique for generating gain-of-function mutants in plants. we developed a new vector system for activation tagging of genes in "transformed hairy roots". the binary vector phr-at (hairy root-activation tagging) and its derivative phr-at-gfp contain a cluster of rol (rooting locus) genes together with the right border facing four tandem repeats of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s enhancer element on the same t-dna. transformation experiments using arabido ... | 2005 | 16270231 |
| chr11, a chromatin-remodeling factor essential for nuclear proliferation during female gametogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | chromatin-remodeling factors regulate the establishment of transcriptional programs during plant development. although 42 genes encoding members of the swi2/snf2 family have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana, <10 have been assigned a precise function on the basis of a mutant phenotype, and none have been shown to play a specific role during the gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle. a. thaliana chromatin-remodeling protein 11 (chr11) encodes an imitation of switch (iswi)-like chromati ... | 2005 | 16286646 |
| colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus versiforme induces a defense response against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in the grapevine (vitis amurensis rupr.), which includes transcriptional activation of the class iii chitinase gene vch3. | inoculation of the grapevine (vitis amurensis rupr.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus versiforme significantly increased resistance against the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita. studies using relative quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (rqrt-pcr) analysis of grapevine root inoculation with the am fungus revealed an up-regulation of vch3 transcripts. this increase was greater than that observed following infection with rkn. however, inoculation of the mycorrhiz ... | 2006 | 16326755 |
| expression levels of avrbs3-like genes affect recognition specificity in tomato bs4- but not in pepper bs3-mediated perception. | the tomato bs4 disease resistance gene mediates recognition of avrbs4-expressing strains of the bacterial spot pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria to give a hypersensitive response (hr). here, we present the characterization of the bs4 promoter and its application for low-level expression of bacterial type iii effector proteins in planta. real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that bs4 is constitutively expressed at low levels and that transcript abundance does not change signifi ... | 2005 | 16353556 |
| [enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic bacteria in transgenic tobacco plants with synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1]. | plasmids with a synthetic gene of the mammalian antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) controlled by the constitutive promoter 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus were constructed. agrobacterial transformation of tobacco plants was conducted using the obtained recombinant binary vector. the presence of gene cecp1 in the plant genome was confirmed by pcr. the expression of gene cecp1 in transgenic plants was shown by northern blot analysis. the obtained transgenic plants exhibit enhanced resis ... | 2005 | 16358711 |
| the maize knotted1 gene is an effective positive selectable marker gene for agrobacterium-mediated tobacco transformation. | we have assessed the use of a homeobox gene knotted1 (kn1) from maize as a selectable marker gene for plant transformation. the kn1 gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s::kn1) was introduced into nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. under nonselective conditions (without antibiotic selection) on a hormone-free medium (ms), a large number of transgenic calli and shoots were obtained from explants that were infected with agrobacteri ... | 2006 | 16369767 |
| agroinjection of tomato fruits. a tool for rapid functional analysis of transgenes directly in fruit. | transient expression of foreign genes in plant tissues is a valuable tool for plant biotechnology. to shorten the time for gene functional analysis in fruits, we developed a transient methodology that could be applied to tomato (solanum lycopersicum cv micro tom) fruits. it was found that injection of agrobacterium cultures through the fruit stylar apex resulted in complete fruit infiltration. this infiltration method, named fruit agroinjection, rendered high levels of 35s cauliflower mosaic vir ... | 2006 | 16403736 |
| transgenic sterility in populus: expression properties of the poplar ptlf, agrobacterium nos and two minimal 35s promoters in vegetative tissues. | transgenic sterility is a desirable trait for containment of many kinds of transgenes and exotic species. genetically engineered floral sterility can be imparted by expression of a cytotoxin under the control of a predominantly floral-tissue-specific promoter. however, many otherwise desirable floral promoters impart substantial non-floral expression, which can impair plant health or make it impossible to regenerate transgenic plants. we are therefore developing a floral sterility system that is ... | 2006 | 16414919 |
| overexpression of the saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase gene in s. involucrata hairy root cultures enhances their biosynthesis of apigenin. | saussurea involucrata is a medicinal plant well known for its flavonoids, including apigenin, which has been shown to significantly inhibit tumorigenesis. since naturally occurring apigenin is in very low abundance, we took a transgenic approach to increase apigenin production by engineering the flavonoid pathway. a construct was made to contain the complete cdna sequence of the saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase (chi) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. ... | 2006 | 16427667 |
| rna-dependent dna polymerase activity in cauliflower mosaic virus-infected plant leaves. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is a plant dna with an 8-kb circular double-stranded genome. camv-specific dna and rna molecules present in infected brassica cells share some structural features with dnas and rnas of retroviruses and hepatitis b virus. this led to the hypothesis that camv replication occurs via reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. here we report the first characterization of a new dna polymerase activity, specific to camv-infected tissues. a subcellular fraction of infe ... | 1984 | 16453500 |
| recombination in a plant virus: template-switching in cauliflower mosaic virus. | a hybrid plasmid, containing tandemly arranged pieces of two different but well-defined cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genomes, was used to study the mechanism by which infectious viral dna can escape from transforming dna. systemic viral infection followed inoculation of brassica plants with a strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the hybrid plasmid in its t-dna. restriction mapping of uncloned viral dna from these plants, and sequencing of relevant portions of cloned viral dna, showe ... | 1986 | 16453678 |
| the sequence of carnation etched ring virus dna: comparison with cauliflower mosaic virus and retroviruses. | carnation etched ring virus (cerv) dna comprises 7932 bp. cerv primer binding sites and overall genome organization are similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the six open reading frames of cerv showed amino acid homology (50-80%) with camv orfs i-vi; no homologues of camv orfs vii or viii were found. cerv orfs 1-5 interface each other with the sequence atga. the comparison of cerv orf5 with camv orfv highlighted regions which show homologies to retrovirus gag/pol prote ... | 1986 | 16453731 |
| engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzyme. | phosphinothricin (ppt) is a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase in plants and is used as a non-selective herbicide. the bar gene which confers resistance in streptomyces hygroscopicus to bialaphos, a tripeptide containing ppt, encodes a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) (see accompanying paper). the bar gene was placed under control of the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and transferred to plant cells using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pat was used as a selecta ... | 1987 | 16453789 |
| 5' analysis of the soybean leghaemoglobin lbc(3) gene: regulatory elements required for promoter activity and organ specificity. | the soybean leghaemoglobin lbc(3) gene promoter was analysed in transgenic lotus corniculatus plants. hybrid-promoter constructions and 5' deletions were studied using chimeric genes composed of the various promoters, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) coding sequence and the lbc(3) 3' flanking region. a 5' bal31 deletion series mapped a strong positive regulatory element between -1100 and -950. a weaker element located between -230 and -170 defined the minimum 5' region required for de ... | 1987 | 16453808 |
| expression of a functional monocotyledonous phytochrome in transgenic tobacco. | a chimeric oat phytochrome structural gene with an uninterrupted coding region was constructed for expression of the monocot protein in transgenic plants. the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either a light-regulated oat phytochrome promoter or the constitutively active cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. these genes were then introduced into nicotiana tabacum and n.plumbaginifolia. none of the regenerated plants showed expression of oat phytochrome rna when tra ... | 1989 | 16453873 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of a nuclear-launched tmv-based replicon as a tool for foreign gene expression in plants in comparison to direct gene expression from a nuclear promoter. | an environmentally safe tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-based expression replicon was constructed that lacks movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp), and which expresses the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene from a full cp subgenomic promoter. the tmv replicon, whose cdna was positioned between an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv) and a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme with a downstream nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal [nos-poly(a)], was assessed for its effec ... | 2006 | 16475015 |
| essential role of the box ii cis element and cognate host factors in regulating the promoter of rice tungro bacilliform virus. | rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) is a double-stranded dna virus with a single, tissue-specific promoter that is expressed primarily in phloem tissues. rice transcription factors rf2a and rf2b bind to box ii, a cis element adjacent to the tata box, and control gene expression from the promoter. mutations were made in the promoter to delete or mutate box ii and the mutated promoters were fused to a reporter gene; the chimeric genes were expressed in transient by-2 protoplast assays and in tran ... | 2006 | 16476995 |
| exploring the potential of the bacterial carotene desaturase crti to increase the beta-carotene content in golden rice. | to increase the beta-carotene (provitamin a) content and thus the nutritional value of golden rice, the optimization of the enzymes employed, phytoene synthase (psy) and the erwinia uredovora carotene desaturase (crti), must be considered. crti was chosen for this study because this bacterial enzyme, unlike phytoene synthase, was expressed at barely detectable levels in the endosperm of the golden rice events investigated. the low protein amounts observed may be caused by either weak cauliflower ... | 2006 | 16488912 |
| effects of codon modification on human bmp2 gene expression in tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) has great potential in therapeutic applications. we are working on generating transgenic plants as a bioreactor to produce bmp2. we have studied the effects of codon optimization on the expression of human bmp2 (hbmp2) in tobacco plants. three modified hbmp2 genes were transformed into tobacco under the control of either cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter or double-camv35s promoter plus alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer. the fused beta-glucuroni ... | 2006 | 16491379 |
| spontaneous short-range silencing of a gfp transgene in nicotiana benthamiana is possibly mediated by small quantities of sirna that do not trigger systemic silencing. | a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation into nicotiana benthamiana to generate fourteen transgenic lines. homozygous lines that contained one or two copies of the transgene showed great variation of gfp expression under ultraviolet (uv) light, which allowed classification into three types of transgenic plants. plants from more than half of the transgenic lines underwe ... | 2006 | 16507090 |
| colonization of transgenic tobacco constitutively expressing pathogenesis-related proteins by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | we studied the effect of constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (prs) in tobacco plants on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. tobacco lines genetically transformed to express various prs constitutively under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter of tobacco were examined. immunoblot analysis and activity measurements demonstrated high levels of expression of the prs in the root systems of the plants. constitutive expression of the following acidic isoforms of to ... | 1995 | 16535103 |
| mechanism of ribosome shunting in rice tungro bacilliform pararetrovirus. | in plant pararetroviruses, pregenomic rna serves both as a template for replication through reverse transcription and a polysictronic mrna. this rna has a complex leader sequence preceding the first large orf. the leader contains multiple short orfs and strong secondary structure, both inhibiting ribosome scanning. translation on this rna is initiated by shunting, in which scanning ribosomes bypass a large portion of the leader with the inhibitory secondary structure and short orfs. in cauliflow ... | 2006 | 16556934 |
| the ribosomal shunt translation strategy of cauliflower mosaic virus has evolved from ancient long terminal repeats. | we have screened portions of the large intergenic region of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome for promoter activity in baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and have identified an element that contributes to promoter activity in yeast but has negligible activity in plant cells when expressed in an agroinfiltration assay. a search of the yeast genome sequence revealed that the camv element had sequence similarity with the r region of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of the yeast ty1 ret ... | 2006 | 16571798 |
| functional regions of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter determined by use of the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter of promoter activity. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter has been dissected and examined in a transient expression system using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter of promoter activity. deletion analysis has shown that the 35s rna promoter is composed of at least three regions-distal, medial, and proximal-which are essential for activity. the distal region contains three smaller elements homologous to the simian virus 40 "core" enhancer element, the medial region possesses a ccaat-like box, an ... | 1987 | 16578811 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi produces a symptomatic phenotype in transgenic tobacco plants. | gene vi of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome encodes a protein (p(66)) in virus-infected plants that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. when a segment of the camv genome bearing gene vi is transferred to tobacco plants by the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid, the resulting transgenic plants display viral-like symptoms. symptoms produced by the dna from two different viral isolates (camv cabb b-ji and cm1841) were distinct-symptoms from the first were mosaic-like, whereas t ... | 1988 | 16578828 |