| vaccination of 1-day-old turkey poults with fowlpox vaccine by subcutaneous route. | in high-challenge areas, 1-day-old chicks are often vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine to provide early protection against the disease. however, we were unable to find any information in the published literature on the safety and efficacy of live fowlpox virus vaccine in 1-day-old turkeys. in this study, we evaluated a freeze-dried chicken-embryo-origin live fowlpox virus vaccine for its safety and efficacy in 1-day-old turkey poults by administering the vaccine subcutaneously in the upper back of ... | 2015 | 26478161 |
| prevalence of poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae) in korean layer farms and the presence of avian pathogens in the mite. | the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae, is a blood-feeding parasite of layer hens and a potential vector of several avian infectious agents. high infestation with d. gallinae in layer farm buildings could result in economic losses, and the mites may act as a reservoir of avian pathogens within farms. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of d. gallinae in layer farm buildings in korea and to investigate avian pathogens in the collected mites. the mite samples were collected from 36 korea ... | 2020 | 32435982 |
| novel hiv il-4r antagonist vaccine strategy can induce both high avidity cd8 t and b cell immunity with greater protective efficacy. | we have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored hiv vaccine, fowlpox virus (fpv)-hiv gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (vv)-hiv gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous il-13 detrimental to the quality of the hiv specific cd8+ t cell response induced. we have now developed a novel hiv vaccine that co-expresses a c-terminal deletion mutant of the mouse il-4, deleted for ... | 2014 | 25151041 |
| ny-eso-1 specific antibody and cellular responses in melanoma patients primed with ny-eso-1 protein in iscomatrix and boosted with recombinant ny-eso-1 fowlpox virus. | vaccination strategies based on repeated injections of ny-eso-1 protein formulated in iscomatrix particles (ny-eso-1 iscomatrix) have shown to elicit combined ny-eso-1 specific antibody and t cell responses. however, it remains unclear whether heterologous prime-boost strategies based on the combination with ny-eso-1 iscomatrix with different ny-eso-1 boosting reagents could be used to increase ny-eso-1 cd8(+) or cd4(+) t cell responses. to address this question, we carried out a randomized clin ... | 2015 | 25081390 |
| the extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | the reticuloendotheliosis viruses (revs) comprise several closely related amphotropic retroviruses isolated from birds. these viruses exhibit several highly unusual characteristics that have not so far been adequately explained, including their extremely close relationship to mammalian retroviruses, and their presence as endogenous sequences within the genomes of certain large dna viruses. we present evidence for an iatrogenic origin of revs that accounts for these phenomena. firstly, we identif ... | 2013 | 24013706 |
| heterologous prime-boost-boost immunisation of chinese cynomolgus macaques using dna and recombinant poxvirus vectors expressing hiv-1 virus-like particles. | there is renewed interest in the development of poxvirus vector-based hiv vaccines due to the protective effect observed with repeated recombinant canarypox priming with gp120 boosting in the recent thai placebo-controlled trial. this study sought to investigate whether a heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccine regimen in chinese cynomolgus macaques with a dna vaccine and recombinant poxviral vectors expressing hiv virus-like particles bearing envelopes derived from the most prevalent clades circ ... | 2011 | 21899739 |
| fowlpox-based survivin vaccination for malignant mesothelioma therapy. | survivin protein is an attractive candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it is abundantly expressed in most common human cancers and mostly absent in normal adult tissues. malignant mesothelioma (mm) is a deadly cancer associated with asbestos or erionite exposure for which no successful therapies are currently available. in this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel survivin-based vaccine by subcutaneous or intraperitoneum injection of balb/c mice with murine fiber-induced m ... | 2013 | 23335100 |
| highly pathogenic fowlpox virus in cutaneously infected chickens, china. | we investigated an acute outbreak of the cutaneous form of fowlpox among chickens in china in november 2009. using pathologic and virologic methods, we identified a novel type of fowlpox virus that carried an integrated genomic sequence of reticuloendotheliosis virus. this highly pathogenic virus could lead to severe ecologic effects and economic losses. | 2014 | 24963887 |
| chicken embryonic-stem cells are permissive to poxvirus recombinant vaccine vectors. | the discovery of mammalian pluripotent embryonic stem cells (esc) has revolutionised cell research and regenerative medicine. more recently discovered chicken esc (cesc), though less intensively studied, are increasingly popular as vaccine substrates due to a dearth of avian cell lines. information on the comparative performance of cesc with common vaccine viruses is limited. using rna-sequencing, we compared cesc transcriptional programmes elicited by stimulation with chicken type i interferon ... | 2019 | 30897824 |
| existence of variant strains fowlpox virus integrated with reticuloendotheliosis virus in its genome in field isolates in tanzania. | fowlpox virus (fpv) is one example of poultry viruses which undergoes recombination with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). trepidation had been raised, and it was well established on augmented pathogenicity of the fpv upon integration of the full intact rev. in this study, we therefore intended at assessing the integration of rev into fpv genome of the field isolates obtained in samples collected from different regions of tanzania. dna extraction of 85 samples (scabs) was performed, and fpv-spe ... | 2014 | 24557589 |
| long-term protection against a virulent field isolate of infectious laryngotracheitis virus induced by inactivated, recombinant, and modified live virus vaccines in commercial layers. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an acute respiratory disease of chickens controlled through vaccination with live-modified attenuated vaccines, the chicken embryo origin (ceo) vaccines and the tissue-culture origin (tco) vaccines. recently, novel recombinant vaccines have been developed using herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) and fowl pox virus (fpv) as vectors to express iltv immunogens for protection against ilt. the objective of this study was to assess the protection efficacy against ilt ind ... | 2019 | 30640536 |
| results of a randomized phase i gene therapy clinical trial of nononcolytic fowlpox viruses encoding t cell costimulatory molecules. | oncolytic viruses have shown promise as gene delivery vehicles in the treatment of cancer; however, their efficacy may be inhibited by the induction of anti-viral antibody titers. fowlpox virus is a nonreplicating and nononcolytic vector that has been associated with lesser humoral but greater cell-mediated immunity in animal tumor models. to test whether fowlpox virus gene therapy is safe and can elicit immune responses in patients with cancer, we conducted a randomized phase i clinical trial o ... | 2014 | 24484178 |
| systemically administered dna and fowlpox recombinants expressing four vaccinia virus genes although immunogenic do not protect mice against the highly pathogenic ihd-j vaccinia strain. | the first-generation smallpox vaccine was based on live vaccinia virus (vv) and it successfully eradicated the disease worldwide. therefore, it was not administered any more after 1980, as smallpox no longer existed as a natural infection. however, emerging threats by terrorist organisations has prompted new programmes for second-generation vaccine development based on attenuated vv strains, which have been shown to cause rare but serious adverse events in immunocompromised patients. considering ... | 2013 | 24050999 |
| reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | we have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in which a full-length cdna corresponding to the ibv genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a t7 promoter sequence. vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length ibv cdna has the advantage that modifications can be introduced into the ibv cdna using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. ... | 2017 | 28508215 |
| construction, selection and immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox candidate vaccine co-expressing hiv-1 gag and gp145. | an hiv candidate vaccine for the chinese population was designed by constructing a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing hiv-1 gag and hiv gp145 proteins via homologous recombination and plaque screening using enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) as the reporter gene. egfp in the recombinant was then knocked out with the cre/loxp system yielding rfpvhg-hp, which was identified at the genomic, transcriptional and translational levels. the immunogenicity of rfpvhg-hp was analyzed by measuring ... | 2017 | 28611493 |
| outbreaks of pox disease due to canarypox-like and fowlpox-like viruses in large-scale houbara bustard captive-breeding programmes, in morocco and the united arab emirates. | infectious diseases can be serious threats for the success of reinforcement programmes of endangered species. houbara bustard species (chlamydotis undulata and chlamydotis macqueenii), whose populations declined in the last decades, have been captive-bred for conservation purposes for more than 15 years in north africa and the middle east. field observations show that pox disease, caused by avipoxviruses (apv), regularly emerges in conservation projects of houbara bustard, despite a very strict ... | 2016 | 25651753 |
| six host-range restricted poxviruses from three genera induce distinct gene expression profiles in an in vivo mouse model. | host-range restricted poxviruses make promising vaccine vectors due to their safety profile and immunogenicity. an understanding of the host innate immune responses produced by different poxvirus vectors would aid in the assessment, selection and rational design of improved vaccines for human and veterinary applications. novel avipoxviruses are being assessed to determine if they are different from other poxvirus vectors. analysis of the transcriptome induced in a mouse model would aid in determ ... | 2015 | 26153454 |
| differential diagnosis of fowlpox and infectious laryngotracheitis viruses in chicken diphtheritic manifestations by mono and duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. | infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and fowlpox virus (fpv) cause diphtheritic lesions in chicken tracheas and can simultaneously infect the same bird. a differential molecular diagnostic test, the duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, is now reported using iltv and fpv vaccine viruses and clinical samples from chickens, either uninfected or naturally infected with iltv or fpv, or with both viruses. the dual virus amplification by real-time polymerase chain reaction was demonstrated ... | 2015 | 25317604 |
| different hiv pox viral vector-based vaccines and adjuvants can induce unique antigen presenting cells that modulate cd8 t cell avidity. | the lung-derived dendritic cell (ldc) recruitment following intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of different poxviral vector-based vaccines/adjuvants were evaluated to decipher how these factors influenced cd8(+) t cell avidity. compared to the standard i.n. recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv)-hiv vaccination, the fpv-hiv il-13rα2 or il-4rα antagonist adjuvanted vaccines that induced higher avidity cd8(+) t cells, also recruited significantly elevated mhcii(+) cd11c(+) cd11b(+) cd103(-) cd64(-) mar-1(-) c ... | 2014 | 25261870 |
| structural basis of apoptosis inhibition by the fowlpox virus protein fpv039. | programmed cell death or apoptosis of infected host cells is an important defense mechanism in response to viral infections. this process is regulated by proapoptotic and prosurvival members of the b-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) protein family. to counter premature death of a virus-infected cell, poxviruses use a range of different molecular strategies including the mimicry of prosurvival bcl-2 proteins. one such viral prosurvival protein is the fowlpox virus protein fpv039, which is a potent apoptos ... | 2017 | 28411240 |
| a novel rapid direct haemagglutination-inhibition assay for measurements of humoral immune response against non-haemagglutinatingfowlpox virusstrains in vaccinated chickens. | fowlpox (fp) is a serious disease in chickens caused byfowlpox virus(fpv). one method currently used to control fpv is vaccination followed by confirmation that antibody titres are protective using the indirect haemagglutination assay (iha). the direct haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay is not done because most fpv strains do not agglutinate chicken red blood cells (rbcs). a novel fpv strain tpv-1 which agglutinates chicken rbcs was discovered recently and enabled a direct hi assay to be co ... | 2017 | 29226260 |
| seroprevalence of fowl pox antibody in indigenous chickens in jos north and south council areas of plateau state, nigeria: implication for vector vaccine. | fowl pox is a viral disease of domestic and wild birds. the large size of the genome makes it a useful vector for recombinant dna technology. although the disease has been described in both commercial and indigenous chickens in nigeria, data are limited on seroprevalence in free range chickens. such data are, however, important in the design and implementation of fowl pox virus vector vaccine. we surveyed current antibody status to fowl pox virus in free range chickens by testing 229 sera collec ... | 2012 | 23762578 |
| mucosal and systemic siv-specific cytotoxic cd4+ t cell hierarchy in protection following intranasal/intramuscular recombinant pox-viral vaccination of pigtail macaques. | a hiv vaccine that provides mucosal immunity is urgently needed. we evaluated an intranasal recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) priming vaccine followed by intramuscular modified vaccinia ankara (rmva) booster vaccine, both expressing siv antigens. the vaccination generated mucosal and systemic siv-specific cd4+ t cell mediated immunity and was associated with partial protection against high-dose intrarectal sivmac251 challenge in outbred pigtail macaques. three of 12 vaccinees were completely prot ... | 2019 | 30952887 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus expressing gb gene from predominantly epidemic infectious larygnotracheitis virus strain demonstrates better immune protection in spf chickens. | background: infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens. antigenic mutation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) may result in a vaccination failure in the poultry industry and thus a protective vaccine against predominant iltv strains is highly desirable. methods: the full-length glycoprotein b (gb) gene of iltv with the two mutated synonymous sites of fowlpox virus (fpv) transcription termination signal sequence was cloned into the in ... | 2020 | 33105740 |
| construction and immune protection evaluation of recombinant virus expressing newcastle disease virus f protein by the largest intergenic region of fowlpox virus nx10. | fowlpox virus (fpv) is used as a vaccine vector to prevent diseases in poultry and mammals. the insertion site is considered as one of the main factors influencing foreign gene expression. therefore, the identification of insertion sites that can stably and efficiently express foreign genes is crucial for the construction of recombinant vaccines. in this study, we found that the insertion of foreign genes into orf054 and the orf161/orf162 intergenic region of the fpv genome did not affect replic ... | 2020 | 33009986 |
| molecular detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus 5' long terminal repeat integration in the genome of avipoxvirus field strains from different avian species in egypt. | avipoxviruses (apvs) are among the most complex viruses that infect a wide range of birds' species. the infection by apvs is often associated with breathing and swallowing difficulties, reduced growth, decreased egg production, and high mortalities in domestic poultry. in the present study, 200 cutaneous nodular samples were collected from different avian species (chicken, pigeon, turkey, and canary) suspected to be infected with apvs from dakahlia governorate, egypt. pooled samples (n = 40) wer ... | 2020 | 32878059 |
| avian leukosis virus contamination in live vaccines: a retrospective investigation in china. | avian leukosis (al) is one of the most pandemic immunosuppressive diseases and has been widely spread between 2006 and 2009 in china. the contamination of avian leukosis virus (alv) in attenuated vaccine is considered as one of the possible transmission routes of this disease. based on a retrospective survey of 918 batches of attenuated vaccine produced before 2010, three of them were identified as alv-positive and corresponding alv strains were successfully isolated from a live fowlpox virus va ... | 2020 | 32605749 |
| an atypical clinicopathological manifestation of fowlpox virus associated with reticuloendotheliosis virus in commercial laying hen flocks in brazil. | fowlpox (fp) is a common epitheliotropic disease in chickens that is usually controlled by live attenuated vaccines. however, there have been some reports of outbreaks of fp in recent years, even in vaccinated flocks, presenting as atypical lesions and feathering abnormalities in chickens. these findings can be associated with fowlpox virus (fpv) with the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) integrated into its genome. in the present study, outbreaks of atypical fp were explored in vaccinated comme ... | 2020 | 32519513 |
| negligible effect of chicken cytokine il-12 integration into recombinant fowlpox viruses expressing avian influenza virus neuraminidase n1 on host cellular immune responses. | in comparison to the extensive characterization of haemagglutinin antibodies of avian influenza virus (aiv), the role of neuraminidase (na) as an immunogen is less well understood. this study describes the construction and cellular responses of recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfwpv) strain fp9, co-expressing na n1 gene of aiv a/chicken/malaysia/5858/2004, and chicken il-12 gene. our data shows that the n1 and il-12 proteins were successfully expressed from the recombinants with 48 kd and 70 kd mole ... | 2020 | 32427095 |
| first report on molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of reticuloendotheliosis virus in sudan. | the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) group of retroviruses infects a wide range of avian species, including chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quail, and prairie chickens. the infection can result in immunosuppression, runting syndrome, high mortality, acute reticular cell neoplasia, or t- and/or b-cell lymphoma. one pcr positive chicken spleen sample obtained in a previous study in addition to one marek's disease and three fowl pox (fp) vaccine samples were investigated in this study. a pcr assa ... | 2020 | 32040658 |
| protection of white leghorn chickens by recombinant fowlpox vector vaccine with an updated h5 insert against mexican h5n2 avian influenza viruses. | despite decades of vaccination, surveillance, and biosecurity measures, h5n2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus infections continue in mexico and neighboring countries. one explanation for tenacity of h5n2 lpai in mexico is the antigenic divergence of circulating field viruses compared to licensed vaccines due to antigenic drift. our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the h5n2 lpai viruses circulating in mexico and neighboring countries since 1994 have undergone antigenic drift awa ... | 2020 | 31862196 |
| isolation and molecular detection of avipoxvirus from field outbreaks in mymensingh, bangladesh. | the present study was performed for isolation, identification, and molecular detection of avipoxvirus [turkeypox virus (tpv), fowlpox virus (fpv), and pigeonpox virus (ppv)] from field outbreaks in some selected areas of mymensingh division, bangladesh. | 2019 | 31453171 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of avipoxvirus isolated from birds around jammu. | domesticated fowls, pigeons and turkey birds were screened for avipoxvirus infection from different areas in jammu region. based on typical pox lesions the overall occurrence in fowl was found to be 18.52%, 17.03% in pigeons and 57.14% in turkeys. mortality recorded in chicks was 41.96%, 45.36% in squabs, 100% in poults, and 20.00% in adult turkeys. both cutaneous and diphtheritic forms of the disease was observed of which the latter was particularly prevalent in young birds. one sample of putat ... | 2019 | 31179368 |
| characterization of fowlpox virus in chickens and bird-biting mosquitoes: a molecular approach to investigating avipoxvirus transmission. | avian pox is a highly contagious avian disease, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology and transmission of avipoxviruses. using a molecular approach, we report evidence for a potential link between birds and field-caught mosquitoes in the transmission of fowlpox virus (fwpv) in singapore. comparison of fpv167 (p4b), fpv126 (vltf-1), fpv175-176 (a11r-a12l) and fpv140 (h3l) gene sequences revealed close relatedness between fwpv strains obtained from cutaneous lesions of a chicken an ... | 2019 | 30907721 |
| efficacy of novel recombinant fowlpox vaccine against recent mexican h7n3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | since 2012, h7n3 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) has produced negative economic and animal welfare impacts on poultry in central mexico. in the present study, chickens were vaccinated with two different recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines (rfpv-h7/3002 with 2015 h7 hemagglutinin [ha] gene insert, and rfpv-h7/2155 with 2002 h7 ha gene insert), and were then challenged three weeks later with h7n3 hpai virus (a/chicken/jalisco/cpa-37905/2015). the rfpv-h7/3002 vaccine conferred 100% protect ... | 2019 | 30885512 |
| detection of fowlpox virus carrying distinct genome segments of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | fowlpox virus (fwpv), the type species of the genus avipoxvirus family poxviridae, is a large double-stranded dna virus that causes fowlpox in chickens and turkeys. notably, sequences of the avian retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) are frequently found integrated into the genome of fwpv. while some fwpv strains carry remnants of the rev long terminal repeats (ltrs), other strains have been shown to contain insertions of nearly the full-length rev provirus in their genome. in the presen ... | 2019 | 30359622 |
| detection and characterization of an avipoxvirus in a common buzzard ( buteo buteo) in italy using a multiple gene approach. | poxvirus infections have been reported in domestic, captive, and wild avian hosts including many raptor species. a wild common buzzard ( buteo buteo) admitted to a wildlife veterinary clinic in sardinia, italy, showed multiple, wart-like proliferative cutaneous lesions on both legs. histologically, there was ballooning degeneration and large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies consistent with avipoxvirus (apv) infection. diagnosis was confirmed by pcr detecting apv genes: p4b (locus fpv167), p35 ( ... | 2019 | 29953311 |
| whole genome sequencing of an avipoxvirus associated with infections in a group of aviary-housed snow buntings (plectrophenax nivalis). | avipoxvirus infections have been reported in both free-ranging and domestic birds worldwide. fowlpox and canarypox viruses belong to the genus avipoxvirus among the virus family poxviridae. they cause cutaneous lesions with proliferative growths on the unfeathered parts of the skin and/or diphtheritic lesions generally associated with necrosis in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. in this study, a poxvirus has been identified in wild-caught snow buntings (plectrophenax nivalis) housed i ... | 2020 | 31926510 |
| an unusual case of haemorrhagic bursa in a pullet flock associated with a genogroup 2 infectious bursal disease virus. | an unusual case of infectious bursal disease (ibd) was observed in eight-week-old commercial caged pullets. this flock (house 1) exhibited a one-day spike in mortality. on gross necropsy examination, enlarged, diffusely haemorrhagic bursas were observed. this lesion has been frequently described in cases of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). a five-week-old caged pullet flock (house 2) in an adjacent building did not display haemorrhagic bursa lesions. microscopic examinatio ... | 2021 | 33823706 |
| research note: simultaneous detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus, fowlpox virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus in chicken specimens. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt), fowlpox (fp), and reticuloendotheliosis are important poultry diseases caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (iltv), fowlpox virus (fwpv), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), respectively. coinfections with iltv and fwpv occur naturally in chickens, and fp in its more virulent wet form is characterized by diphtheritic lesions and easily confused with ilt. moreover, the insertion of only partial rev-ltr or a nearly full-length rev into the fwpv genome, located betw ... | 2021 | 33647723 |
| chicken cgas senses fowlpox virus infection and regulates macrophage effector functions. | the anti-viral immune response is dependent on the ability of infected cells to sense foreign nucleic acids. in multiple species, the pattern recognition receptor (prr) cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas) senses viral dna as an essential component of the innate response. cgas initiates a range of signaling outputs that are dependent on generation of the second messenger cgamp that binds to the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (sting). here we show that in chicken macrophages, the cgas/s ... | 2021 | 33633733 |
| modulation of early host innate immune response by an avipox vaccine virus' lateral body protein. | the avian pathogen fowlpox virus (fwpv) has been successfully used as a vaccine vector in poultry and humans, but relatively little is known about its ability to modulate host antiviral immune responses in these hosts, which are replication-permissive and nonpermissive, respectively. fwpv is highly resistant to avian type i interferon (ifn) and able to completely block the host ifn-response. microarray screening of host ifn-regulated gene expression in cells infected with 59 different, nonessent ... | 2020 | 33352813 |
| mucosal il-4r antagonist hiv vaccination with sosip-gp140 booster can induce high-quality cytotoxic cd4+/cd8+ t cells and humoral responses in macaques. | inducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity is likely to improve the effectiveness of hiv-1 vaccine strategies. here, we tested a vaccine regimen in pigtail macaques using an intranasal (i.n.) recombinant fowl pox virus (fpv)-gag pol env-il-4r antagonist prime, intramuscular (i.m.) recombinant modified vaccinia ankara virus (mva)-gag pol-il-4r antagonist boost followed by an i.m sosip-gp140 boost. the viral vector-expressed il-4r antagonist transiently inhibited il-4/il-13 signalling at the ... | 2020 | 33328567 |