| foetal growth in the reindeer. | | 1982 | 7113860 |
| elaphostrongylus rangiferi: influence of temperature, substrate, and larval age on the infection rate in the intermediate snail host, arianta arbustorum. | | 1982 | 7128717 |
| growth in the reindeer. | | 1982 | 7168434 |
| rabies in alaskan reindeer. | | 1982 | 7174485 |
| trypanosoma cervi from alaskan reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | twenty-nine (64.4%) or 45 reindeer, rangifer tarandus, examined over a two-year period were infected with trypanosomes. trypomastigotes and dividing epimastigotes were found in the blood of fawns, cows, and bulls. morphometric analysis of bloodstream trypomastigotes from reindeer and comparison of these parasites with similar stages of trypanosomes from elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer from the continuous united states proved them conspecific; the trypanosomes from these members of the cerv ... | 1982 | 7175772 |
| [cesium-137 in soil and vegetation from spitsbergen and continental norway (suldal) 1981]. | concentration of cesium-137 in samples of soil and vegetation from spitsbergen (svalbard) and suldal (western-norway) has been measured. the results indicate that different diets can account for the large difference (1:100), in cesium-137 concentration in reindeer meat from spitsbergen and mainland norway. | 1982 | 7187488 |
| [population structure of forest nentsee. ii. results of a geneologic study]. | inbreeding and its effect on fertility have been investigated in small (n approximately 1500) population of fisherman, hunters and reindeer breeders living in northwestern siberia. average coefficient of inbreeding in total population was found to be 0.012, ranging from 0.003 to 0.016 between six subisolates. 8% of the total number of matings were matings between close relatives of uncle-niece, first cousins and double first cousins type. nine polygamic matings were observed among presently livi ... | 1980 | 7192237 |
| [rabies in svalbard. background, course and implications for human medicine]. | | 1981 | 7209891 |
| studies on onchocerca tarsicola bain and schulz-key, 1974 in reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in northern finland. | a survey revealed that onchocerca tarsicola bain & schulz-key, 1974 is a widespread parasite among reindeer in northern finland. of 407 animals studied from 12 reindeer herds, 124 (30.5%) were infected. there was a marked difference in infection levels between different reindeer herds and the frequency as well as the intensity of infection was highest in old animals whereas the parasites were rare in yearlings. | 1981 | 7229327 |
| baffin island medical experience includes polar bears, caribou hunt, eskimos. | | 1981 | 7231213 |
| spontaneous aortic lesions in reindeer (rangifer tarandus l). | | 1981 | 7258032 |
| reindeer chukchi and siberian eskimos: studies on blood groups, serum proteins, and red cell enzymes with regard to genetic heterogeneity. | phenotype and allelic frequencies for abo, mnss, p, rh, kell, duffy, and diego blood groups, as well as for transferrins (tf), haptoglobins (hp), phosphoglucomutase 1 (pgm1), adenylate kinase (ak), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd), and acid phosphatase (acp) are described in 9-10 adjoining populations of reindeer chukchi. additionally, one of three presently existing territorial subgroups of siberian eskimos was studied. the total sample size ranges from 931 to 1,066 in chukchi, and from 9 ... | 1981 | 7258332 |
| [efficacy of mebendazole on elaphostrongylus rangiferi in reindeer (author's transl)]. | elaphostrongylus rangiferi is a very common parasite in scandinavian reindeer, causing losses due to cerebral nematodiasis and granulomatous parasitic pneumonias and also causing a discard of parts of the carcass at meat inspection. in limited experiments, the efficacy of mebendazole on e. rangiferi has been tested. it was found that daily treatment during a period of 10 days with 6 mg/kg body weight, given as medicated feed, resulted in a decreased fecal larval count at the 10th day and a total ... | 1981 | 7312589 |
| cutaneous besnoitiosis in a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus l). | | 1981 | 7322867 |
| [caesium 137 in meat from reindeer and grouse from svalbard 1980 (author's transl)]. | concentration of caesium 137 in meat from spitsbergen (svalbard) and mainland norway reindeer has been measured. it appears that the concentration values for spitsbergen are of the order of 1 per cent of corresponding values for the mainland. it is suggested that low precipitation rates and a different reindeer diet contributes to the low cs 137 concentration values in svalbard. the concentration of cs 137 in svalbard grouse did not exceed the detection limit of the measurements (infinity 10 pci ... | 1981 | 7322876 |
| rabies in svalbard: infection diagnosed in arctic fox, reindeer and seal. | | 1981 | 7340100 |
| progesterone in pregnant and non-pregnant reindeer. | | 1981 | 7344525 |
| influence of stress on some blood constituents in reindeer (rangiferi tarandus l). | | 1981 | 7344535 |
| echinococcosis in slaughtered reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in northern norway. preliminary results of a combat/eradication program. | | 1981 | 7344541 |
| [clinical problems of the brucellosis of reindeer in man]. | | 1980 | 7366156 |
| [treatment of reindeer with necrobacillosis]. | | 1980 | 7395076 |
| [distribution of alveolar hydatid disease and echinococcosis in the taimyr]. | | 1980 | 7421751 |
| dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings in south georgia reindeer. | | 1980 | 7430454 |
| observations on the internal parasites of reindeer introduced into south georgia. | norwegina reindeer, rangifer tarandus, were introduced to the sub-antarctic island of south georgia in 1911 & 1925. because there are few potential intermediate hosts and no other ungulates on the island, the internal parasite fauna of the reindeer is poor in species. warble flies do not occur. only three species of direct-cycling intestinal nematode and one species of cestode were found. though the output of strongylid eggs rose in spring, parasites were probably not a primary cause of mortalit ... | 1980 | 7456282 |
| dietary influences on sodium and potassium metabolism of reindeer. | | 1980 | 7459745 |
| [lipid content of the bile in diseases of the biliary tract in male and female evenkis]. | a total of 156 evens and 162 evenks were examined in the reindeer-breeding regions of evenkia and yakutia in the extreme north of the country. the evens suffering from cholecystitis presented with higher saturation of the b and c duodenal bile with cholesterol than patients with dyskinesias. such regularities were not observed in the evenks. these findings permit a conclusion that the ethnic and geographic factors influence the lipid composition of the bile in indigenous population of the extrem ... | 1995 | 7474826 |
| epidemiological aspects of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in small ruminants in northern norway. | pathology records from the state veterinary laboratory for northern norway were used to examine the association between the occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (cse) in small ruminants and summer temperature and rainfall in northern norway. from 1968 to 1993, elaphostrongylus rangiferi induced cse was diagnosed in six sheep and 30 dairy goats from 28 different herds in northern norway. the animals were received for autopsy during 11 different winters. the occurrence of cse was associa ... | 1995 | 7483904 |
| radiation dosage accumulated by reindeer from novaya zemlya. | esr spectrometry of tooth enamel revealed a significant difference in accumulated radiation dose between reindeer which lived on novaya zemlya when underground nuclear tests were performed there and those which lived there after the tests were stopped. | 1995 | 7496373 |
| the canadian whole body counting intercomparison program: a summary report for 1989-1993. | the human monitoring laboratory, which is the canadian national calibration reference centre for in-vivo measurements, has been conducting an annual intercomparison program for whole body counting facilities since 1989. each year a number of phantoms are prepared for participants to measure the accuracy, precision, size dependency, and identification capabilities of their whole body counters. other tests are designed to measure the sensitivity of the whole body counter to geometry factors. some ... | 1995 | 7558850 |
| arctic indigenous women consume greater than acceptable levels of organochlorines. | exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides through traditional food resources was examined for arctic indigenous women living in two cultural and environmental areas of the canadian arctic--one community representing baffin island inuit in eastern arctic and two communities representing sahtú dene/métis in western arctic. polychlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, chlorobenzenes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, chlordane-related compounds and dieldrin ... | 1995 | 7562084 |
| comparative studies on programmes for management of energy supply: torpor, pre-winter fattening and migration. | | 1995 | 7568262 |
| ruminal microbial digestion in free-living, in captive lichen-fed, and in starved reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter. | in free-living (fl) reindeer eating a natural mixed winter diet dominated by lichens, captive (cf) reindeer fed pure lichens ad libitum, and cf reindeer subsequently starved for 1 day (cs1 reindeer) or 4 days (cs4 reindeer), the dominant rumen anaerobic bacteria were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and ruminal ph and volatile fatty acid concentrations were determined. in the fl reindeer, the total median viable anaerobic bacterial population ranged from 18 x 10(8) to 35 ... | 1995 | 7574599 |
| assessment of dietary exposure to trace metals in baffin inuit food. | chronic metal toxicity is a concern in the canadian arctic because of the findings of high metal levels in wildlife animals and the fact that traditional food constitutes a major component of the diet of indigenous peoples. we examined exposure to trace metals through traditional food resources for inuit living in the community of qikiqtarjuaq on baffin island in the eastern arctic. mercury, cadmium, and lead were determined in local food resources as normally prepared and eaten. elevated concen ... | 1995 | 7588487 |
| [the effect of different types of species-specific acoustic signals on the rate of mammalian cardiac contractions]. | experiments with rodents and even-toed ungulates show that significant changes in the heart rate (hr) in response to administration of species-specific sound stimuli occur only under conditions of deficiency of useful information. cardiac response depends mainly upon the type of the signal, ecology and physiology of the animal-recipient. in mammals living in colonies and herds in the open (ground squirrels, reindeer) hr changes become conspicuous only under conditions excluding acquirement of vi ... | 1995 | 7597827 |
| the temperature threshold for development of elaphostrongylus rangiferi in the intermediate host: an adaptation to winter survival? | to test the hypothesis that the relatively high developmental temperature threshold of the parasitic nematode elaphostrongylus rangiferi in the intermediate snail host is an adaptation to minimize larval mortality during winter, an experiment was set up in which snails of the species arianta arbustorum were experimentally infected with the parasite. the snails were divided into 3 groups known to contain 1st, 2nd or 3rd-stage larvae, and incubated at 3 degrees c for an experimental period of 18 w ... | 1995 | 7609984 |
| determination of aluminium in liver from reindeer, moose and sheep by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. | aluminium in liver from reindeer, moose and sheep from the northeast part of norway was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry following digestion of the samples with nitric acid. the concentration of aluminium in the liver was markedly higher for reindeer than for moose and sheep; the median values obtained were 0.56 microgram g-1 al (wet wt.) for 101 reindeer, 0.06 microgram g-1 al for 72 moose and 0.09 microgram g-1 al for 40 sheep. the detection limit of the method was ... | 1995 | 7644911 |
| influence of route of administration on the plasma concentrations of ivermectin in reindeer. | the concentration of ivermectin in the plasma of reindeer was measured after it was administered either topically as a pour-on preparation at 500 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight at different seasons to animals of different ages, or after subcutaneous and oral doses of 200 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight. the plasma concentrations of ivermectin were highest and least variable after it was administered subcutaneously. | 1995 | 7659858 |
| body fat distribution and other cardiac risk factors among circumpolar inuit and nganasan. | secular trends in skinfold thicknesses and body fat distribution were examined in the adult inuit of igloolik, n.w.t. through surveys conducted in 1969/70, 1979/80 and 1989/93. findings were compared with the nganasan population of volochanka (taimir peninsula, siberia), who were examined in 1992/3. the skinfold readings of the inuit have increased over the two decades of observation. currently, the young male inuit and nganasan remain relatively thin, but older inuit men and the women of both p ... | 1995 | 7669126 |
| microbiological contamination of reindeer carcass during slaughter. | microbiological counts for 10 different sampling sites of 28 reindeer carcasses were studied in 3 reindeer slaughterhouses in finland. on each carcass the hindshank, round, abdomen, flank, brisket, foreleg, shoulder, neck, foreback and back were sampled immediately after slaughter, using a non-destructive swabbing method. the overall mean bacterial count for 10 sampling sites of reindeer carcasses was 1.51 +/- 0.51 log10 cfu/cm. statistically significant differences were detected between samplin ... | 1994 | 7676921 |
| a rapid method for the determination of radioactive caesium in live animals and carcasses, and its practical application in norway after the chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. | a technique was developed for the measurement of levels of caesium radionuclides (137cs + 134cs) in live reindeer, cattle, and sheep and in carcasses from these species. the instrument used was a sodium iodide scintillation detector coupled to a portable multi-channel analyser. based on a combination of background measurements and measurements of impulses from animals with the detector in different anatomical positions we recommend the following procedures: lamb: the detector placed on os sacrum ... | 1994 | 7676924 |
| chromosome aberrations in norwegian reindeer following the chernobyl accident. | chromosome analyses were carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes of semi-domestic reindeer in norway which had been exposed to varying amounts of radiocesium emanating from the chernobyl accident. the sampling was done in the period 1987-1990. the material included 192 reindeer, originating from four herds in central norway, an area considerably affected by fallout from the chernobyl accident, and from three herds in northern norway which was unaffected by fallout from the accident. signific ... | 1995 | 7700280 |
| hand-arm vibration in snowmobile drivers. | hand-arm vibration was measured on the handlebars of snowmobiles (n = 29) and a postal inquiry was made among reindeer herders, n = 2,705. since many subjects had used also other vibrating tools a snowmobile group proper (n = 334) was established, and in this group 18% of the subjects reported that they had experienced white finger attacks and 48% numbness of the hands. the age-adjusted prevalence of the white finger syndrome was more than three times higher in the snowmobile group than in the c ... | 1994 | 7710587 |
| combined effects of cold, vibration and smoking, particularly in snowmobile users. | in a living and working environment more than one factor is usually important for physiological and psychological responses in the body. in this report the effects and combined effects of hand-arm vibration and cold, in particular their effect on frostbite, has been reviewed. as a second example is given the combined effect of vibration and smoking on vibration-induced white finger. in both cases our previous work among reindeer herders frequently using snowmobiles has been utilised as an exampl ... | 1994 | 7710589 |
| noise and hearing loss in reindeer herders. | air conduction hearing thresholds were examined in 512 reindeer herders (aged 18-65 years, clinically normal ears) to evaluate the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss. the hearing thresholds at 6 khz showed significant noise-type impairment of hearing compared with those in the iso 7029 standard or a finnish reference population. the subjects were exposed to noise mainly in the use of snowmobiles and chain saws: daily noise exposure ranged from 93 to 104 db(a). the age adjusted hearing thre ... | 1994 | 7710590 |
| snowmobile driving and symptoms of the locomotive organs. | the role of snowmobile driving as a factor in symptoms of the locomotive organs was examined in 1,793 reindeer herding men using a postal questionnaire. thirty-eight % of the respondents reported troubles in the upper limbs and shoulders which according to their own judgement were caused by snowmobile driving, and 34% reported such symptoms in the knees and 42% in the back. aching, pain or tenderness upon movement in at least one joint during the current year, inquired by independent questions, ... | 1994 | 7710591 |
| ergonomic aspects on snowmobile driving. | from self-reported health surveys in finland, sweden and norway we know that the reindeer herders have work related disorders. it is very likely that disorders such as lumbar back pain, neck and arm pain, knee pain and white finger syndrome are related to snowmobile driving. our hypothesis was that driving postures, vibrations, impact from the driving surface and handling are the main reasons for the health problems, and that snowmobiles are not designed according to ergonomic principles. our wo ... | 1994 | 7710592 |
| [the first orf virus epidemic diagnosed in man and reindeer in 1992-1993 in finland]. | | 1993 | 7743951 |
| an outbreak of diarrhea due to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in the canadian northwest territories. | in the summer of 1991 a large outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated diarrhea occurred in 6 inuit communities in the canadian northwest territories. the total population of these communities is 5,292. of the 521 individuals who developed diarrhea, 152 (29%) were positive for e. coli o157:h7 on stool culture or positive by verotoxin analysis. median age was 6 years. the attack rate for children < 1 year was 43% in the major affected community of arviat. hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) de ... | 1994 | 7747090 |
| heavy metals in muscle, liver, and kidney from finnish reindeer in 1990-91 and 1991-92. | | 1995 | 7756779 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| high serum alpha-tocopherol, albumin, selenium and cholesterol, and low mortality from coronary heart disease in northern finland. | the mortality from coronary heart disease (chd) is exceptionally low in northernmost finland, the sámi (formerly known as lapp) area. to clarify the reasons for this, the levels of serum cholesterol, other classic risk factors, and major antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, albumin and selenium were determined in males living in the low-mortality area and in a reference area. | 1995 | 7830030 |
| rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on primers from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goats. the pcr assay was able to detect virus in nasal swabs up to 14 days after experimental infection of cattle and there was a good ... | 1994 | 7839585 |
| experimental studies of elaphostrongylus rangiferi in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): life cycle, pathogenesis, and pathology. | a total of 12 reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were given 200-1,000 infective larvae of elaphostrongylus rangiferi and autopsied 2 1/2-196 days post inoculation (p.i.). the larvae penetrated venules of the abomasal wall and followed the bloodstream via the liver to the lungs. in the lungs the larvae entered pulmonary venules and spread to all tissues via the general circulation. many larvae that lodged in arterial vessels outside the spinal cord migrated into the cord along the spina ... | 1994 | 7839758 |
| morphologic observations in iron overload: an update. | | 1994 | 7887230 |
| environmental contaminants in caribou in the northwest territories, canada. | caribou (rangifer tarandus) are strict herbivores with a winter diet consisting primarily of lichen. this simple food chain makes caribou a good species for monitoring changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination. the defined ranges of herds across the northwest territories (nwt) also enables examination of spatial trends in contaminant exposure. caribou were collected from five locations in the first half of a study designed to examine levels of a broad spectrum of organochlorine, heav ... | 1995 | 7892575 |
| association of blood cadmium to the area of residence and hypertensive disease in arctic finland. | the association of cadmium exposure with area of residence, blood pressure, and arterial hypertensive disease was examined in 230 reindeer herders in northernmost arctic finland. blood cadmium concentration averaged 10.0 nmol/l, and was three times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (16.7 vs. 5.5 nmol/l). concentrations increased from the southwestern to the northeastern area west of the kola peninsula, russia, both in nonsmokers (3.1 vs. 6.8 nmol/l) and smokers (10.8 vs. 32.0 nmol/l). high ca ... | 1995 | 7892586 |
| transfer of 210po and 210pb through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain of northern canada. | natural background activity and food chain transfer of the uranium decay products, 210po and 210pb, were examined in the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain at two locations in the northwest territories of canada. 210po and 210pb activities in lichens differed with species and location. both 210po and 210pb were markedly higher in caribou bone than in wolf bone. 210po activities in liver, kidney, and muscle were similar in both species. caribou fetuses had lower activities of 210po but higher activit ... | 1994 | 7910157 |
| dosimetry of 210po in humans, caribou, and wolves in northern canada. | effective doses from 210po intake with caribou meat were determined for human residents in baker lake and snowdrift in the northwest territories of canada and compared to doses calculated from reported 210po tissue activities in alaskan and british residents (hill 1966; blanchard and moore 1971). effective doses were calculated to separate body tissues, using icrp 60 human weighting factors and the icrp 30 metabolic model for 210po. baker lake and alaskan effective doses were similar at 0.4 msv ... | 1994 | 7910158 |
| cadmium in caribou and muskoxen from the canadian yukon and northwest territories. | cadmium, zinc, copper and metallothionein concentrations were measured in liver and kidney tissue of caribou and muskoxen collected from various sites in the canadian yukon and northwest territories. cadmium concentrations in caribou tissues were substantially higher than in muskoxen for all age classes and were comparable to concentrations reported for caribou from northern québec and norway. no geographical site differences in cadmium concentration were observed. cadmium concentrations were po ... | 1994 | 7911600 |
| in vitro isolation and cultivation of a babesia from an american woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou). | a babesia species isolated from a captive caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) with clinical signs of babesiosis and a circulating parasitemia was cultured in vitro. normal adult caribou erythrocytes supported the growth of the babesia sp., as did erythrocytes from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). two basal media (m-199 and rpmi-1640) and a defined medium (hl-1) each supplemented with adult bovine serum were compared. the most favorable growth of the parasite occurred in hl-1 medium wi ... | 1994 | 7913142 |
| a tandemly repetitive, centromeric dna sequence from the canadian woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou): its conservation and evolution in several deer species. | a highly repetitive dna clone, designated rt-pst3, was isolated from the psti digest of canadian woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou; 2n = 70) genomic dna. it was found to be a 991 bp monomer of a tandemly repeated dna sequence comprising about 5.7% of the genome and localized to the centromeric regions of all caribou acrocentric autosomes. southern blot analyses revealed that this caribou satellite dna sequence was well conserved in the genomes of five other deer species studied. in sit ... | 1994 | 7921645 |
| notes on sugar feeding and selected wild mammalian hosts of black flies (diptera: simuliidae) in newfoundland. | this study, done on the avalon peninsula, newfoundland, identified selected wild mammalian hosts and quantified the incidence of sugar feeding for several species (species complexes) of black flies. female flies were taken from fox, snowshoe hare, lynx, caribou, and human baits. simulium truncatum/venustum complex females took blood from fox, lynx, rabbit, and caribou and were frequently taken in sweep net collections around humans. blood-fed females of the simulium rostratum/verecundum complex ... | 1994 | 7932603 |
| protostrongylidae in cervidae and ovibos moscatus: a clustering based on isoelectric focusing on nematode body proteins. | isoelectric focusing for protein separation and evaluation by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (upgma) clustering was tested as an alternative to a morphological approach to taxonomical studies of the family protostrongylidae and the genus elaphostrongylus. these analyses revealed a close relationship among first stage protostrongylid larvae from roe deer, muskoxen and varestrongylus alces first stage larvae. furthermore, first stage larvae collected from moose faeces and ad ... | 1994 | 7951396 |
| stereopsis testing without polarized glasses: a comparison study on five new stereoacuity tests. | stereopsis testing is commonly used to assess the presence and level of binocular vision. a new series of stereopsis tests requiring no polarized goggles are available in the form of the titmus stereo test, the stereo reindeer test, the random dot butterfly, the random dot figures, and the random e, circle, square. these polarized-free tests employ a special prismatic printing process creating a panagraphic presentation, i.e., a separate image is presented to each eye without the need for polari ... | 1994 | 7963223 |
| the genomes of the animal papillomaviruses european elk papillomavirus, deer papillomavirus, and reindeer papillomavirus contain a novel transforming gene (e9) near the early polyadenylation site. | we report that the genomes of reindeer papillomavirus (rpv), european elk papillomavirus (eepv), and deer papillomavirus (dpv) contain a short conserved translational open reading frame (orf), e9, which is located between the e5 orf and the early polyadenylation site. in rpv, dpv, and eepv, e9 orfs have the potential to encode extremely hydrophobic polypeptides of approximately 40 amino acids. in mouse c127 cells transformed by eepv and rpv, there exists a unique, abundant mrna species of approx ... | 1994 | 7966628 |
| exercise-induced changes in blood composition of racing reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | the responses to near-maximal exercise before and after the training and racing season were examined in reindeer. the reindeer were tested when pulling a driver at a speed of 11-12 m/s for 600 m. the lactate responses were higher before than after training. similarly, the accumulation of uric acid, a breakdown product of atp, became attenuated after training. the serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids decreased or did not change after exercise, although an increase in the glycerol con ... | 1994 | 7977847 |
| [the composition of the red blood and iron metabolism in the native population of the republic of sakha]. | a field study in the sakha republic has been performed to characterize iron deficiency conditions in native population. yakuts and evens were examined for clinical, physiological, biochemical picture of the red blood cells and iron metabolism. european standards by total and fetal hemoglobin, reticulocytes, plasma iron metabolism in the native population were surpassed. the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia proved higher than in russia and other northern regions. reindeer breeders got iro ... | 1993 | 8020728 |
| season and mental illness in an arctic area of northern finland. | the seasonal variation in mental disturbances was examined in 1251 reindeer herding males in an arctic area of northern finland using the psychiatric section of the cornell medical index questionnaire (cmi-mr). the mean age of subjects was 43 years. one third of them were full-time reindeer herders and 1/10 were lapps. the prevalence of mental disorders (cmi-mr at least 5) was estimated at 14%, and it showed peaks in spring and autumn. the pattern was repeated for different varieties of illness, ... | 1994 | 8053366 |
| role of gonadal hormones in the regulation of the seasonal antler cycle in female reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | the hormonal control of the seasonal antler cycle was investigated over 4 years in four adult female norwegian reindeer, rangifer tarandus, maintained in captivity at tromsø, norway (69 degrees n). the antlers were fully redeveloped in august, cleaned of velvet in september, and were retained in hard antler throughout the winter before being cast in march or april. the cleaning of the antlers occurred at the seasonal onset of ovarian activity and was associated with an increase in the blood plas ... | 1994 | 8064671 |
| annual variations in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones and in their responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the reindeer. | the reindeer in its natural habitat is subject to great annual variations in ambient temperature, illumination and nutrition. to ascertain the effect of these environmental factors on thyroid function, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroxine (t4), tri-iodothyronine (t3) and reverse t3 (rt3) concentrations were measured four times a year (2 june, 8 october, 21 november, and 24 february) in 14 animals housed outdoors at latitude 69 degrees 10'n. they all showed statistically significant ... | 1994 | 8071651 |
| aspects of nitrogen and mineral nutrition in icelandic reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | nitrogen and mineral (fe, mg, na, k, and ca) compositions of foodstuffs consumed by and dung produced by male, pregnant and lactating female adult icelandic reindeer and calves were determined during may of 1992. iron levels in foodstuffs are consistently above the reported toxicity level for similar-sized sheep (0.5 ppt) and may lead to iron toxicity when consumed by reindeer during periods of high lean body mass catabolism. male and female reindeer meet nutrient requirements for all measured e ... | 1994 | 8076454 |
| perinatal mortality in caribou from the porcupine herd, alaska. | during the 1989 caribou (rangifer tarandus) calving season on the arctic national wildlife refuge, alaska (usa), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the hulahula and aichilik rivers. primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermi ... | 1993 | 8098070 |
| liver histology of reindeer calves during the winter season. | seventeen reindeer calves were divided into three groups and liver biopsies were taken during the winter. group 1 consisted of 6 animals allowed to graze freely under natural conditions, those in groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 6) were kept in pens and fed with lichens, the diet being designed to achieve a slight (group 2) or moderate (group 3) weight loss. weight losses from november to april averaged 14.9%, 13.2% and 24.8% in the three groups respectively. the relative volumes of the different str ... | 1993 | 8129165 |
| high yield of osteoinductivity can be derived from demineralized bone matrix using collagenase digestion. | a bone morphogenetic protein purification method for minor quantities of bone material was developed based on collagenase splitting of bone connective tissue. our aim was to remove and characterize the osteoinductive protein preparation in native form without using strongly dissociative agents. we started from 80 g of hcl-demineralized reindeer bone material which was treated with type i collagen splitting collagenase. the solution was dialyzed against 10 mm glycine-hcl buffer, ph 5.2. the forme ... | 1993 | 8154834 |
| [seasonal changes in the lipid composition of the bile in evens and evenki]. | altogether 156 evenks and 162 evens were examined in the reindeer regions of evenkia and the yakut republic located in the extreme north of russia. seasonal changes in the concentration and ratio of bile lipids were discovered. the conclusion is made that space and time coordinates are of importance for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases in northern nations. | 1994 | 8160142 |
| radiocesium in swedish reindeer after the chernobyl fallout: seasonal variations and long-term decline. | data about 137cs activity concentrations in reindeer muscle were collected from different parts of sweden during 1986-1992. the data were used to evaluate seasonal and geographical variations and long-term decline of 137cs in reindeer. the seasonal variation is shown in an example from one of the most contaminated areas, the saami community vilhelmina norra, where 137cs activity concentrations in reindeer during winter exceed those found during summer by about 20 times. activity concentrations o ... | 1994 | 8175357 |
| a comparison of topical, subcutaneous and oral administrations of ivermectin to reindeer. | the topical administration of ivermectin to adult reindeer hinds was evaluated by comparing its antiparasitic efficacy at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg bodyweight with that of oral administration at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg and subcutaneous administration at dosages of 20 and 200 micrograms/kg. the comparison included faecal examinations for nematode eggs and larvae and the counting of warbles and throat bots (oedemagena tarandi and cephenomyia trompe larvae). weight changes and calf birth weig ... | 1993 | 8236666 |
| partially purified reindeer (rangifer tarandus) bone morphogenetic protein has a high bone-forming activity compared with some other artiodactyls. | noncollagenous proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein (bmp), were extracted in 4 mol/l guanidinium hydrochloride (guhcl) from the pulverized and hcl-demineralized matrix of reindeer, bovine, sheep and porcine bone. to remove water-soluble material, the guhcl solution was dialyzed against water and water-insoluble material and redissolved in 4 mol/l guhcl. gelatin peptides were removed by extraction in 0.25 mol/l citrate buffer (ph 3.1). the yield consisted mostly of large complexes and p ... | 1993 | 8242946 |
| biospheric 129i concentrations in the pre-nuclear and nuclear age. | in order to detect characteristic regional differences or temporal changes of 129i concentrations in the biosphere, thyroids from humans, grazing livestock, and herbivorous wildlife species (reindeer and roedeer) were collected in various areas of the world which are not affected by reprocessing plants. for reasons of comparison, all samples were analyzed for their 129i:127i atom ratios. human and bovine thyroids taken from the 10th region in southern chile (39 degrees-41 degrees south) indicate ... | 1993 | 8244695 |
| chemical methods for reduction of the transfer of radionuclides to farm animals in semi-natural environments. | the same chemicals can be used for reduction of radionuclide transfer to animals whether kept on farms or grazing in semi-natural and natural habitats. however, different techniques are required for administration of the active compounds. dairy ruminants may be treated effectively by inclusion of chemicals in supplemental concentrates. practical experience gained after the chernobyl accident has shown that both clay minerals and hexacyanoferrates are effective in preventing high radiocaesium lev ... | 1993 | 8248770 |
| functional, spectroscopic and structural properties of haemoglobin from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and steinbock (capra hircus ibex). | the functional and spectroscopic properties of chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and steinbock (capra hircus ibex) haemoglobin (hb) have been studied with special reference to the action of allosteric effectors and temperature. moreover, the amino acid sequences of the n-terminal segments of the alpha- and beta-chains have been determined. the present results indicate that chamois and steinbock hbs display a low affinity for o2, which appears to be modulated in vivo by cl- ions rather than 2,3-bisph ... | 1993 | 8257425 |
| naturally occurring brucella suis biovar 4 infection in a moose (alces alces). | a debilitated adult female moose (alces alces) shot east of the mackenzie river, northwest territories, canada, had large fluctuant masses over both carpi. only the forelimbs were available for examination. carpal pathology included bilateral bursitis and osteomyelitis of subjacent bone. in addition severe osteomyelitis with fractures was observed in the left lateral and right medial digits. brucella suis biovar 4 was isolated from the right medial first phalanx. this is believed to be the first ... | 1993 | 8258861 |
| rabies antibody titres in vaccinated reindeer. | one dose of inactivated, adjuvanted rabies vaccine of cell culture origin (rabisin) induced good but short-duration immunity in close to 100% of the 50 semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) vaccinated. most of the animals (44) had rabies virus antibody titre > or = 1.5 iu/ml at 38 days after vaccination. five animals had titre 0.5 iu. antibody titres were not, however, present 1 year after primary vaccination in most animals. about 1 year (360-413 days) after primary vaccina ... | 1993 | 8266898 |
| in vitro maturation of oocytes from norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | | 1993 | 8266900 |
| description of ostertagia ostertagi and ostertagia leptospicularis hybrids in experimentally infected sheep. | hybrids of ostertagia ostertagi and ostertagia leptospicularis, derived from experimental infections in sheep, are described. morphometrics of the hybrids were intermediate between those of parental lines for a large range of parameters (distance from apex to cervical papillae and length of esophagus for males and females, length of spicules for males, and length of vestibule, distance from vulva to the end of tail, width of tail at anus). the morphological relationship between hybrids and their ... | 1993 | 8277380 |
| histochemistry of the forestomach epithelium of the reindeer calf. | samples from the rumen, reticulum and omasum of 26 reindeer calves were taken during the winter season. non-specific alkaline and acid phosphatases, cytochrome and amine oxidases as well as succinate, lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases were demonstrated in the epithelium histochemically. the phosphatases were usually present in all the epithelial layers, whereas the activities of the other enzymes decreased in the outer layers and could not be demonstrated in the stratum corneum. the a ... | 1993 | 8279231 |
| risk of frostbite in vibration-induced white finger cases. | the rate of frostbite was examined with questionnaires filled by 1095 reindeer herders frequently exposed to cold, in particular in driving snowmobiles in the winter. altogether 443 frostbite injuries, most (72%) of them on the face, had occurred during the last two years, especially when driving a snowmobile. the prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (vwf) was 22%. in this vwf group (n = 243) the cumulative incidence rate in two years of frostbite injuries on the extremities was 27% and ... | 1993 | 8318122 |
| reindeer roasts and revolutionaries. | | 1993 | 8339043 |
| cholangioma in a svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | | 1993 | 8386868 |
| transmission of brucellosis from reindeer to cattle. | sixteen reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) naturally infected with brucella suis biovar 4 were penned with 6 male and 2 female cattle for 30 days, then removed and euthanatized. during this period, 5 reindeer had fawns, and 2 reindeer aborted. brucella suis biovar 4 was recovered from all adult reindeer at necropsy. nine reindeer had b suis biovar 4 in uterus, udder, and/or milk. the cattle were euthanatized 2 months after the reindeer were removed. clinical or pathologic signs of disease wer ... | 1993 | 8407493 |
| subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy, polyneuritis and ganglionitis in aged wild and exotic mammalians. | subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy was present in the intradural dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets of 19 aged individuals of the following wild and exotic mammalian species: woodrat, raccoon, mink, lynx, reindeer, red deer, musk ox, scimitar-horned oryx, arabian oryx, hybrid waterbuck, persian onager, przewalski's wild horse, malayan sun bear, asian elephant, east african river hippopotamus, vervet monkey and rhesus monkey. it was characterized by mild to severe multifocal ballooning of myelin ... | 1993 | 8408784 |
| migration of adult elaphostrongylus rangiferi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) from the spinal subdural space to the muscles of reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | to trace the intrahost migration of adult (fifth-stage) elaphostrongylus rangiferi 9 reindeer calves were fed infective larvae and examined for worms 48-250 days postinfection. the average length of worms recovered increased asymptotically with time. gravid females and adult males were recovered from 52 days postinfection (d.p.i.), and the fraction made up by these categories increased with time. immature females and subadult males were recovered as late as 161 d.p.i. nematodes were recovered fr ... | 1993 | 8410545 |
| seasonal changes in the adherent microflora of the rumen in high-arctic svalbard reindeer. | seasonal changes in bacterial colonization of the epithelial tissue were examined in the rumen of high-arctic svalbard reindeer. samples of tissue were collected from eight sites in the rumen of reindeer during summer and winter and bacterial colonization was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. at two of these sites, colonization by adherent bacteria was estimated to cover approximately 30% of the ruminal epithelium in specimens collected from reindeer during summer. ba ... | 1993 | 8439866 |
| an investigation of the allergenic constituents of cladonia stellaris (opiz) pous & vezda ('silver moss', 'reindeer moss' or 'reindeer lichen'). | the sensitizing potency of cladonia stellaris ('reindeer lichen', 'silver moss') extracts was determined in guinea pigs by a modified fca (freund's complete adjuvant) test. the lichen showed a moderate sensitizing potency. similar investigations with pure common lichen constituents revealed a moderate sensitizing potency for fumarprotocetraric acid and atranorin and a weak one for evernic acid, stictic acid and both forms of usnic acid. although generally weak, (-)-usnic acid was at least 2 x st ... | 1993 | 8458221 |
| [the antigenic properties of the larvae of oedemagena tarandi (hypodermatidae)]. | | 1993 | 8474766 |
| selective brain cooling in resting and exercising norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the threshold body core temperature for selective brain cooling (sbc) as well as the slope of brain cooling were determined in three norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during rest and during exercise. brain temperature was measured in the hypothalamus (thypo) and blood temperature (tblood) was measured either in the right carotid artery or in a few cases in the right atrium of the heart. during rest the animals were subjected to ramp-like increases of tblood by means of a thermostat ... | 1993 | 8475756 |
| interstitial localization of telomeric dna sequences in the indian muntjac chromosomes: further evidence for tandem chromosome fusions in the karyotypic evolution of the asian muntjacs. | the indian muntjac is believed to have the lowest chromosome number in mammals (2n = 6 in females and 2n = 7 in males). it has been suggested that a series of tandem chromosome fusions from an ancestral chinese muntjac-like species (2n = 46) may have occurred during the karyotypic evolution of the indian muntjac. in an earlier study, hybridization signals generated by the chinese muntjac centromeric heterochromatin dna probe (c5) were found to be distributed interstitially in the chromosomes of ... | 1993 | 8485991 |
| [the content of hemoglobin in the blood and the abundant and trace elements in blood plasma and erythrocytes of sheep, fallow deer, dwarf goats and reindeer]. | of the 4 species, the blood of fallow deer had the highest concentration of hb (10.9 +/- 0.7) and that of pygmy goats (6.5 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) the lowest. the highest concentration of protein in the plasma was found in the reindeer (81.2 +/- 2.1) and the lowest in the pygmy goats (59.1 +/- 4.3 g/l). high values of ascorbic acid were recorded in the reindeer (16.4 +/- 2.4) and in the finnish sheep (16.3 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml). there existed some differences in the concentrations of na, k, ca, mg, pa, ... | 1993 | 8488500 |
| [microstructure of fossil mammalian bones from the rixdorfer horizon of weichsel-kaltzeit at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen (brandengurg)]. | the structure is reported of bones of glacial-period mammals, which were found in 1973 to 1989 in gravel-sandy soil of the fossiliferous layer "rixdorfer horizont" at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen. the findings, probably, date from one of the interstages of the glacial period "weichsel-kaltzeit" before the stage "brandenburger stadium". their embedding took place more than 20,000 years ago. changes of the deposit of bones and teeth from older sediments are not to exclude in the finding pl ... | 1993 | 8489038 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |