| the nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid gene in primates (suborder anthropoidea). | nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (pth) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder anthropoidea were examined. the pth gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and pth, respectively. the intron of the pth gene in cebus apella, callithrix jacchus, and saguinus oedipus was 102 bp long, whereas a 103-bp intron was observed in the remaining species. phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of pth revealed that these 12 species of ... | 2002 | 11825036 |
| development of pituitary-adrenal endocrine function in the marmoset monkey: infant hypercortisolism is the norm. | early life stress, involving activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) system, is associated with altered functioning of stress-related systems in adulthood. in the rat, postnatal development is characterized by low basal hpa activity and stress hyporesponsiveness, and infant exposure to atypical glucocorticoid levels leads to chronic alteration of hpa function and hpa-dependent peripheral and central processes. there have been few studies of primate hpa ontogeny, and here we report ... | 2002 | 11836307 |
| amyloid-beta deposits in the cerebral cortex of the aged common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): incidence and chemical composition. | the incidence, distribution and chemical composition of amyloid-beta (a beta) peptide-positive deposits were investigated in the lower primate species common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). no a beta deposits were observed in the brains of 7 marmosets below 7 years of age. in 15 marmosets above 7 years, 60% displayed cortical a beta-immunoreactive plaques, 80% had a beta deposited in intracortical vessels and 87% displayed a beta deposits in meningeal vessels. the cerebral cortex of the oldest an ... | 2002 | 11837747 |
| molecular cytotaxonomy of new world monkeys (platyrrhini) - comparative analysis of five species by multi-color chromosome painting gives evidence for a classification of callimico goeldii within the family of callitrichidae. | chromosome rearrangements are considered as "rare genomic changes" and can provide useful markers and even landmarks for reconstructing phylogenies complementary to dna sequence data and bio-morphological comparisons. here, we applied multi-directional chromosome painting to reconstruct the chromosome phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among the new world monkey (platyrrhini) species callithrix argentata, cebuella pygmaea, saguinus oedipus, callithrix jacchus and callimico goeldii. the res ... | 2001 | 11856883 |
| increased cannabinoid cb1 receptor binding and activation of gtp-binding proteins in the basal ganglia of patients with parkinson's syndrome and of mptp-treated marmosets. | recent evidence obtained in rat models of parkinson's disease showed that the density of cannabinoid cb1 receptors and their endogenous ligands increase in basal ganglia. however, no data exists from post-mortem brain of humans affected by parkinson's disease or from primate models of the disorder. in the present study, we examined cb1 receptor binding and the magnitude of the stimulation by win55,212-2, a specific cb1 receptor agonist, of [35s]gtpgammas binding to membrane fractions from the ba ... | 2001 | 11860478 |
| marmoset fine b cell and t cell epitope specificities mapped onto a homology model of the extracellular domain of human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. | aberrant association of autoantibodies with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog), an integral membrane protein of the central nervous system (cns) myelin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms). sensitization of nonhuman primates (callithrix jacchus marmosets) against the nonglycosylated, recombinant n-terminal domain of rat mog (residues 1-125) reproduces an ms-like disease in which mog-specific autoantibodies directly mediate demyelination. to assess the interr ... | 2002 | 11895369 |
| tardive dyskinesia model in the common marmoset. | thirteen adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were given once-monthly injections of haloperidol decanoate (5-15 mg/kg i.m.) for one year. thereafter, drug-free and treatment periods alternated at 3-month intervals. after 2.5 to 14 months, 12 monkeys showed symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (td), such as periocular and perioral twitchings, tongue protrusions, masticatory movements, and choreic movements in arms and legs. when td symptoms were evident, the periodic treatment was interrupted an ... | 2002 | 11921124 |
| relations among measures of body composition, age, and sex in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | few studies of body composition have been done in new world primates. in the study reported here, four methods of assessing body composition (body weight, anthropometry, labeled-water dilution, and total body electroconductivity) were compared in 20 marmosets, aged 0.96 to 7.97 years. males and females did not differ in any measure (p > 0.05). body weight ranged from 272 to 466 g, and body fat estimates varied from 1.6 to 19.5%. strong positive correlations were observed between total body water ... | 2001 | 11924775 |
| representation of spectral and temporal envelope of twitter vocalizations in common marmoset primary auditory cortex. | cortical sensitivity in representations of behaviorally relevant complex input signals was examined in recordings from primary auditory cortical neurons (ai) in adult, barbiturate-anesthetized common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). we studied the robustness of distributed responses to natural and degraded forms of twitter calls, social contact vocalizations comprising several quasi-periodic phrases of frequency and am. we recorded neuronal responses to a monkey's own twitter call (moc), d ... | 2002 | 11929894 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in callithrix jacchus: early detection of hav antigen and viral fate. | common marmosets (callithrixjacchus) were orally inoculated with a brazilian strain (haf-203) of hepatitis a virus (hay). three monkeys were euthanized at postinoculation hours 6, 12 and 24 to investigate the early events of hav infection. following others three inoculated and one control marmosets remained throughout the 46 day to evaluation of viral excretion. different samples were collected to detect sequential presence of hav rna by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt ... | 2002 | 11930901 |
| the distribution of presumptive thoracic paraganglionic tissue in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the aortic-pulmonary regions (apr) of seven adult marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and the region of the right subclavian artery of a further three marmosets were diffusion-fixed with 10% buffered formol-saline solution. in both regions serial 5 microm sections were cut and stained by the martius yellow, brilliant crystal scarlet and soluble blue method. presumptive thoracic paraganglionic (ptp) tissue was only observed in the apr. ptp tissue was composed of small groups of cells that varied in si ... | 2002 | 11960192 |
| molecular cloning of three nonhuman primate follicle stimulating hormone beta-subunit cdnas. | the follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) beta-subunit cdnas were cloned and sequenced for an old world primate, the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), and two new world primates, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). the cdna and predicted amino acid sequences of the rhesus monkey fsh beta-subunit were related most closely to the human fsh beta-subunit (> 96% identity). the common and pygmy marmosets have identical fsh beta-subunit cdnas, whereas the marmoset ... | 2001 | 11990528 |
| working memory of action: a comparative study of ability to selecting response based on previous action in new world monkeys (saimiri sciureus and callithrix jacchus). | working memory of the outcome of one's own action is important for organizing and learning appropriate behaviors in a given condition. to examine whether non-human primates with different neocortical sizes show different abilities regarding working memory for action, the performance of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in a kind of delayed-response task was compared. in this task, subjects were required to select a response based on short-term memory o ... | 2002 | 12044691 |
| prevention of thecal angiogenesis, antral follicular growth, and ovulation in the primate by treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor trap r1r2. | this study was designed to investigate the effects of inhibition of thecal angiogenesis on follicular development in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), a soluble combined truncated form of the fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt) and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (kdr) receptor fused to igg (vegf trap r1r2) was administered for 10 d during the follicular phase of the cycle. changes in angiogenesis and follicular cell proliferation ... | 2002 | 12072415 |
| characterization of an epstein-barr virus-related gammaherpesvirus from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a gammaherpesvirus related to epstein-barr virus (ebv; human herpesvirus 4) infects otherwise healthy common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). long-term culture of common marmoset peripheral blood lymphocytes resulted in outgrowth of spontaneously immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, primarily of b cell lineage. electron microscopy of cells and supernatants showed herpesvirus particles. there were high rates of serological cross-reactivity to other herpesviruses (68-86%), but with very low geom ... | 2002 | 12075080 |
| early deprivation and behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty in the marmoset. | long-term effects of adverse early environment on neurobehavioral development have been reported for rodents and primates. the present study used daily early deprivation (ed), a paradigm developed for rats, for the first time in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, and investigated its effects on the behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty (ssn) challenge tests in juveniles. on postnatal days (pnds) 2-28, infants (n=5 twin pairs) were removed from the parents and ... | 2002 | 12076744 |
| puzzle feeders and gum feeders as environmental enrichment for common marmosets. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus jacchus) are highly social new world monkeys that consume a principally gummivorous and insectivorous diet. we examined the efficacy of two types of foraging devices, puzzle-feeders(tm) and gum feeders, as environmental enrichment for marmosets housed singly (n = 16) or in sibling (n = 4) and heterosexual (n = 8) pairs. in experiment 1, marmosets were exposed to each of the two types of foraging devices for three hours, once per week for two weeks. thirty-min ... | 1999 | 12086412 |
| immortalisation of ovarian granulosa and theca cells of the marmoset monkey calllithrix jacchus. | in view of the increasing need for laboratory primates in biomedical research it is desirable to develop appropriate primate-specific cell culture models that could prevent or significantly reduce the increasing use of primary cultures and experiments with living animals. follicular granulosa and theca cells are essential for the control of hormone-dependent processes such as the ovarian cycle and pregnancy, but also for the occurrence of hormone-dependent diseases. for this reason it is of grea ... | 2002 | 12096332 |
| functional domains in dorsal striatum of the nonhuman primate are defined by the dynamic behavior of dopamine. | the dorsal striatum comprises a continuum of distinct functional domains, limbic, associative, and sensorimotor. in the primate it exclusively subdivides further into two nuclei, the putamen and caudate. dopamine (da) transmission is differentially affected between these nuclei in neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson's and by psychostimulants such as cocaine. because rodent systems can offer only limited insight into da systems of the human brain, a fuller appreciation of da transmission ... | 2002 | 12097522 |
| low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin increase transforming growth factor beta and cause myocardial fibrosis in marmosets ( callithrix jacchus). | epidemiological studies have suggested an association between exposure to dioxins and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. however, cardiotoxic effects of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (tcdd) in animals have not been reported so far. we studied the hearts of male marmosets ( callithrix jacchus)after treatment with single subcutaneous doses of 1, 10 or 100 ng tcdd/kg body weight or vehicle (toluene/dmso 1+2 v/v, 100 microl/kg body weight). the animals were killed 2 or 4 wee ... | 2002 | 12107654 |
| the concept of species and the foundations of biology, a case study: the callithrix jacchus group (primates-platyrrhini). | the axiomatic theory presented in galleni and forti [1999], being part of the foundational programme of ennio de giorgi, is based on the fundamental notions of quality, relation, operation and collection, and provides a very general axiomatization of the biological notions of living object, generation, species and speciation. within this theoretical framework we consider here a difficult case of classification of species: the callithrix jacchus group of the new world monkeys. although the morpho ... | 2002 | 12109272 |
| evaluation of radioiodinated 5-iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine as a ligand for spect investigations of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | 5-iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5ia), an a-85380 analog iodinated at the 5-position of the pyridine ring, was evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for investigating brain nicotinic acethylcholine receptors (nachrs) by single photon emission computed tomography (spect). [123/125i]5ia was synthesized by the iododestannylation reaction under no-carrier-added conditions and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with high radiochemical yield (50%), high radiochemical puri ... | 2002 | 12126044 |
| extensive mhc-dqb variation in humans and non-human primate species. | non-human primates are often used in biomedical research, and the application of these animals as a model in immune-related diseases necessitates the characterisation of their mhc system. in particular, the mhc class ii regions of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta)and the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) have been subject of molecular biological studies in recent years. in this study the emphasis was on mhc class ii genes of another macaque species, macaca ... | 2002 | 12136334 |
| identification of v1r-like putative pheromone receptor sequences in non-human primates. characterization of v1r pseudogenes in marmoset, a primate species that possesses an intact vomeronasal organ. | the vomeronasal organ (vno) is responsible in terrestrial vertebrates for the sensory perception of some pheromones, chemicals that elicit characteristic behaviors among individuals of the same species. two multigene families (v1r, v2r) that encode proteins with seven putative transmembrane domains that are expressed selectively in different neuron subsets of the vno have been described in rodents. pheromone-induced behaviors and a functional vno have been described in a number of mammals, but t ... | 2002 | 12142329 |
| diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset. | in chickens, there are circadian rhythms in axial length, choroidal thickness, and intraocular pressure (iop), the phases of which differ, depending on visual manipulations that alter ocular growth rate. in this study, these same rhythms were sought in the common marmoset, a primate model of eye growth, to establish whether these may play a role in ocular growth regulation across species. | 2002 | 12147579 |
| sense of taste in a new world monkey, the common marmoset: recordings from the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves. | whole nerve, as well as single fiber, responses in the chorda tympani proper (ct) and glossopharyngeal (ng) nerves of common marmosets were recorded during taste stimulation with three salts, four acids, six bitter compounds and more than 30 sweeteners. we recorded responses of 49 ct and 41 ng taste fibers. the hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished three major clusters in both ct and ng: s, q, and h. the s(ct) fibers, 38% of all ct fibers, responded only to sweeteners. the s(ct) fibers did ... | 2002 | 12163511 |
| blockade of hiv-1 infection of new world monkey cells occurs primarily at the stage of virus entry. | hiv-1 naturally infects chimpanzees and humans, but does not infect old world monkeys because of replication blocks that occur after virus entry into the cell. to understand the species-specific restrictions operating on hiv-1 infection, the ability of hiv-1 to infect the cells of new world monkeys was examined. primary cells derived from common marmosets and squirrel monkeys support every phase of hiv-1 replication with the exception of virus entry. efficient hiv-1 entry typically requires bind ... | 2002 | 12186836 |
| characterisation of the gh gene cluster in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in most mammals pituitary gh is encoded by a single gene with no close relatives. however, in man the gh gene has been shown to be one of a cluster of five closely related genes, four of which are expressed in the placenta. rhesus monkey also expresses at least five closely related gh-like genes, although the genomic organisation of these has not been fully reported. here we describe the cloning and characterisation of gh-like genes in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). this ... | 2002 | 12200231 |
| intestinal microbial patterns of the common marmoset and rhesus macaque. | the intestinal microflora of common marmosets and rhesus monkeys were compared by enumerating bacteria from the small and large intestines. rhesus monkeys had a consistent microflora pattern manifest by higher concentrations of total and gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, as well as aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli, in the large intestine as compared to the small intestine. in contrast, the marmoset microflora were considerably more variable. approximately two-thirds o ... | 2002 | 12208308 |
| transfer of maternally administered fusogenic liposome-dna complexes into monkey fetuses in a pregnancy model. | materno-fetal transfer of intravenously administered liposome-plasmid dna complexes has been demonstrated only in mice. studies on its materno-fetal transfer in the pregnant monkey model is needed because of critical differences in placental structure between primates including humans and rodents. | 2002 | 12221649 |
| central olfactory connections in the microsmatic marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the mammalian primary olfactory system consists of a set of different telencephalic structures, including paleo-, archi-, periarchi- and mesocortical components. we present the first characterisation of the normal and connectional anatomy of the primary olfactory cortex of the common marmoset, a microsmatic simian species increasingly used in primate research. the centrifugal and centripetal bulbar projections were determined by injections of the anterograde and retrograde tracer wheat germ aggl ... | 2002 | 12364829 |
| naloxone reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias and apomorphine-induced rotations in primate models of parkinsonism. | using in situ hybridization, it was found that subchronic treatment with levodopa/benserazide increased preproenkephalin-a and preproenkephalin-b mrnas in the dopamine-depleted striatum. in order to examine whether dysfunction of the endogenous opioid system may underlie the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, the effect of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on dyskinesias was investigated in two models of parkinsonism in the common marmoset. mptp-treated monkeys were administered a daily ... | 2002 | 12373562 |
| structure, molecular evolution, and gene expression of primate superoxide dismutases. | mn- and cu,zn-superoxide dismutase (sod) cdnas of eight primate species, pan troglodytes, pongo pygmaeus, hylobates lar, macaca fuscata, macaca fascicularis, macaca mulatta, cebus apella, and callithrix jacchus, were cloned. the whole protein-coding sequences were covered, comparing 198 and 153 (or 154) amino acids, for mn- and cu,zn-sods, respectively. residues forming metal ligands were completely conserved in the two primate sods and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were more frequent in c ... | 2002 | 12383507 |
| complete genomic sequence of an epstein-barr virus-related herpesvirus naturally infecting a new world primate: a defining point in the evolution of oncogenic lymphocryptoviruses. | callitrichine herpesvirus 3 (calhv-3) was isolated from a b-cell lymphoma arising spontaneously in the new world primate callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset. partial genomic sequence analysis definitively identified calhv-3 as a member of the epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related lymphocryptovirus (lcv) genus and extended the known host range of lcvs beyond humans and old world nonhuman primates. we have now completed the first genomic sequence of an lcv infecting a new world primate by describin ... | 2002 | 12414947 |
| acute and repeated treatment with l-dopa increase c-jun expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned forebrain of rats and common marmosets. | l-dopa was acutely or repeatedly administered to rats and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) denervation of the dopamine inputs to the forebrain. using in situ hybridization it was found that l-dopa-treated animals exhibited a pronounced induction in the gene expression of both c-jun and c-fos in striatum and cerebral cortex restricted to the dopamine-depleted hemisphere. in contrast, acute treatment with cocaine induced c-fos mrna, but not c-jun mrn ... | 2002 | 12419516 |
| the effect of a unilateral costochondral graft on the growth of the marmoset mandible. | the purpose of the investigation was to examine growth of the mandible after costochondral grafting with special reference to the amount of cartilage included in the grafts. | 2002 | 12420265 |
| evolutionary history of chromosome 10 in primates. | we have tracked the evolutionary history of chromosomes homologous to hsa10 (phyl-10) in primates using appropriate panels of pcp, yac, and bac probes. this approach allowed us to delineate more precisely the phyl-10 constitution in the ancestor of catarrhine, platyrrhine, and prosimians. the results suggest that (i) in the ancestor of prosimians phyl-10 was organized in two separate phyl-10p and phyl-10q chromosomes; (ii) in the progenitor of new world monkeys phyl-10p was a separate chromosome ... | 2002 | 12424526 |
| prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-il-12p40 monoclonal antibody. | the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in the common marmoset approximates recognized features of the human disease multiple sclerosis (ms) with regard to its clinical presentation as well as neuropathological and radiological aspects of the lesions in brain and spinal cord. il-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by apc and promotes differentiation of th1 effector cells. il-12 is produced in the developing lesions of patients with ms as well as in eae-affected an ... | 2002 | 12444167 |
| characterization of calbindin-positive cones in primates. | the aim of this study is to characterize calbindin-positive photoreceptors and their opsin content in the retina of nocturnal prosimians (microcebus murinus), new world monkeys (callithrix jacchus), old world monkeys (macaca fascicularis), and humans. to identify the calbindin and opsin content of cones, combined multiple labeling with different fluorescent probes, antibodies directed against calbindin, short, and mid-long wavelength opsins, and lectin peanut agglutinin cytochemistry were used. ... | 2002 | 12453500 |
| repeated parental deprivation in the infant common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, primates) and analysis of its effects on early development. | we describe a successful demonstration that repeated early deprivation of parental care (ed), as used to study effects of early life stress in rats, can be performed in a primate and that it constitutes an early life stressor. | 2002 | 12460687 |
| feedback from v1 and inhibition from beyond the classical receptive field modulates the responses of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. | it is well established that the responses of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) can be modulated by feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. here we report the effects, on the gain of lgn neurons, of differentially stimulating the extraclassical receptive field, with feedback from the striate cortex intact or inactivated in the marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. a hor ... | 2002 | 12507325 |
| expression and distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits on parasol ganglion cells in the primate retina. | the response properties of postreceptoral sensory neurones are determined by the properties of their input neurones, by intrinsic membrane properties, and by the properties of neurotransmitter receptors on the soma and dendritic tree. we previously showed that inhibitory neurotransmitter (gaba(a) and glycine) receptors on a well-characterised sensory neurone, the parasol ganglion cell in the primate retina, are segregated towards the distal part of the dendritic tree. here we studied the distrib ... | 2002 | 12511078 |
| congenitally caused fused labia in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in this paper, the occurrence of an external genital abnormality in female marmoset monkeys (fused labia) is discussed. this malformation was detected, for the first time, in a group of animals at the german primate center (gpc), goettingen. the malformed vulva was completely sealed except for an opening of 1.5-2.5 mm around the urethra sufficient for urination. because of this defect the animals were not able to copulate. as a consequence, the affected females were functionally infertile althou ... | 2002 | 12519214 |
| motor effects of a dopamine stabilizer (gmc1111) in primate models of parkinson and hemiparkinsonism. | the effects on motor behavior of a new potential dopamine stabilizer: 2-amino-6-(n,n-di-n-propylamino)thiazolo[4,5-f]indan (gmc1111) were investigated in common marmosets with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions within the median forebrain bundle (12 unilateral, 6 bilateral). gmc1111 was administered orally or subcutaneously (s.c.) to unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned monkeys, either alone or together with s.c. injections of apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg) and the effect on rotational behavior was examined. ... | 2003 | 12524151 |
| antifertility effect of an octapeptide, a fragment of fsh binding inhibitor, in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) binding inhibitor (fshbi) has been identified as one of the factors present in follicular fluid exerting autocrine/paracrine effects on fsh actions in the ovary. our group has isolated fshbi from human ovarian follicular fluid and deduced its partial amino acid sequence from the n-terminal region. a synthetic peptide corresponding to this sequence also demonstrated fsh binding inhibitory activity in vitro. the objective of the present study was to elucidate ... | 2003 | 12586325 |
| the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model in toxicology. | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is the smallest nonhuman primate commonly used in biomedical research. marmoset characteristics and propensities have enabled them to be used in a wide range of research as a model of human disease, physiology, drug metabolism, general toxicology, and reproductive biology. this paper provides a general overview of the marmoset with special emphasis on the benefits and disadvantages of this species as a model for inclusion in preclinical drug development p ... | 2003 | 12597440 |
| a new subclass of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor lacking exon 10 messenger rna in the new world monkey (platyrrhini) lineage. | the luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) plays an essential role as a mediator of lh and cg action during embryonic sexual differentiation and in gametogenesis. in a hypogonadal male patient, we recently demonstrated that a genomic deletion of exon 10, located in the hinge region of the extracellular domain, results in discrimination of lh and hcg action. in the common marmoset (calltithrix jacchus), exon 10 of the lhr is naturally missing at the mrna level. in order to investigate whether this is ... | 2003 | 12606382 |
| characterization of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 in reproductive tissues of the marmoset monkey. | in contrast to the known rodent enzymes, the physiological significance of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17hsd7) and its presumed function in reproductive biology is not well understood in primates. as a first step, we recently cloned the complete coding regions of human and marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) 17hsd7 (cj17hsd7). in the present work the complete cdna of marmoset 17hsd1 (cj17hsd1), including the proximal promoter region, and a partial sequence of marmoset aromatase ... | 2003 | 12606385 |
| are subordinates always stressed? a comparative analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates. | among primate species there is pronounced variation in the relationship between social status and measures of stress physiology. an informal meta-analysis was designed to investigate the basis of this diversity across different primate societies. species were included only if a substantial amount of published information was available regarding both social behavior and rank-related differences in stress physiology. four old world and three new world species met these criteria, including societie ... | 2003 | 12614636 |
| microarray analysis of nonhuman primates: validation of experimental models in neurological disorders. | nonhuman primates (nhps) have provided robust experimental animal models for many human-related diseases due to their similar physiologies. nonetheless, profound differences remain in the acquisition, progression, and outcome of important diseases such as aids and alzheimer's, for which the underlying basis remains obscure. we explored the utility of human high-density oligonucleotide arrays to survey the transcription profile of nhp genomes. total rna from prefrontal cortices of human (homo sap ... | 2003 | 12626435 |
| in vitro development of marmoset monkey oocytes by pre-antral follicle culture. | a technique for in vitro maturation of oocytes from small ovarian follicles of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) has been developed. we employed a two-step culture system for primary follicles (45-85 microm) and a one-step culture technique for secondary follicles (>85 microm). the two-step technique started with the culture of stromal tissue fragments for 2 days. thereafter, mechanically isolated follicles were transferred to a culture system where they attached to the culture surface and g ... | 2003 | 12654018 |
| the puzzle-feeder as feeding enrichment for common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): a pilot study. | the use of a puzzle-feeder, as feeding enrichment, was investigated in three families of captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). the study was carried out as a simultaneous choice test between two cages: one contained the puzzle-feeder, the other contained the usual food dishes, but otherwise both were arranged similarly. the monkeys were allowed to choose whether to feed from the usual dishes, or from the puzzle-feeder which required more effort. they were observed for two sessions in wh ... | 2003 | 12689420 |
| morphological characteristics of c1 and c2 adrenergic neurone groups in marmoset monkey brainstem by using antibody against phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase. | this work describes a mapping study of phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase (pnmt) immunoreactive neurones and fibres in the medulla oblongata of the marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. two groups of pnmt-immunoreactive neurones were found in the marmoset monkey medulla oblongata: a ventrolateral (c1 group) and a dorsomedial pnmt-immunoreactive cells group (c2 group). the pnmt-immunoreactive cells in the ventrolateral group c1 were found to be located around the lateral reticular nucleus. the ... | 2002 | 12693759 |
| neurofilament protein expression in the geniculostriate pathway of a new world monkey ( callithrix jacchus). | we examined the expression profile of non-phosphorylated neurofilament protein in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) and striate cortex (v1) of a new world simian, the marmoset monkey, using the monoclonal antibody smi-32. the overall distribution of neurofilament protein in the marmoset resembled that previously described in old world monkeys. while immunostained neurones were observed throughout the lgn, there were clear laminar differences in terms of both cellular and neuropil label ... | 2003 | 12698212 |
| behaviour of marmoset monkeys in a t-maze: comparison with rats and macaque monkeys on a spatial delayed non-match to sample task. | the marmoset ( callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey that is increasingly being used in a laboratory setting. a previous set of studies has provided a direct comparison between the performance of rats and macaque monkeys on a spatial delayed non-match to sample task in a t-maze (murray et al. 1989, experimental brain research 74:173-186; markowska et al. 1989, experimental brain research 74:187-201). in the current experiment we replicated these studies using the marmoset. this allowed ... | 2003 | 12698223 |
| a promoter that acquired p53 responsiveness during primate evolution. | the tumor suppressor p53 activates the transcription of human pig3 through direct interaction with a polymorphic microsatellite sequence, (tgycc)(n). here, the evolution of this p53-responsive element was recapitulated. comparison between primate species revealed that the pig3 promoter acquired this sequence element in its full length only in hominoidea (apes and humans), whereas the number of tgycc repeats is far lower in monkeys. accordingly, only the pig3 promoters from hominoidea respond eff ... | 2003 | 12702557 |
| the nature of v1 neural responses to 2d moving patterns depends on receptive-field structure in the marmoset monkey. | a plaid pattern is formed when two sinusoidal gratings of different orientations are added together. previous work has shown that v1 neurons selectively encode the direction and orientation of the component gratings in a moving plaid but not the direction of the plaid itself (movshon et al. 1985). we recorded the responses of 49 direction-selective neurons to moving gratings and plaid patterns in area v1 of the anesthetized marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). the responses of v1 neurons to rec ... | 2003 | 12711710 |
| laminar expression of neurofilament protein in the superior colliculus of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the expression profile of the monoclonal antibody smi-32 was examined in the superior colliculus of adult marmosets. this antibody recognises subunits of the non- and dephosphorylated neurofilament protein, labelling predominantly neuronal perikarya and dendrites. the densest cellular label was observed in the intermediate layers (primarily, the stratum griseum intermediale), consisting of large multi- or bipolar neurones which were preferentially located within cytochrome oxidase-rich regions. ... | 2003 | 12729963 |
| gene therapy in nonhuman primate models of human autoimmune disease. | before autoimmune diseases in humans can be treated with gene therapy, the safety and efficacy of the used vectors must be tested in valid experimental models. monkeys, such as the rhesus macaque or the common marmoset, provide such models. this publication reviews the state of the art in monkey models for rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis and the (few) gene therapy experiments that have been performed in these models. | 2003 | 12732874 |
| ovarian stimulation of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) using recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone. | to reduce the number of animals required for controlled studies of marmoset oocytes and early embryos, a superovulation protocol was developed for the common marmoset. females were given up to 50 i.u./day recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)--(r-hfsh) for 6 days. ovaries were visualized by a modified laparoscopic technique and follicular aspiration was performed using a needle and suction apparatus inserted directly through an otoscope speculum. the number of follicles + ovulatio ... | 2003 | 12733603 |
| matrilineal genetic structure within and among populations of the cooperatively breeding common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. | common marmosets are members of the family callitrichidae, south american primates characterized by highly social group living and cooperative breeding. in this study we analysed 1112 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial control region in 59 callithrix jacchus individuals, sampled mainly from two geographically distinct field sites in n.e. brazil. analysis of molecular variation revealed a highly significant genetic structuring of haplotypes between social groups and between populations. examina ... | 2003 | 12753228 |
| embryonic stem cell lines of nonhuman primates. | human embryonic stem (es) cell lines have opened great potential and expectation for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. monkey and human es cell lines, which are very similar to each other, have been established from monkey blastocysts and surplus human blastocysts from fertility clinics. nonhuman primate es cell lines provide important research tools for basic and applicative research. firstly, they provide wider aspects of investigation of the regulative mechanisms of stem cells and cell ... | 2002 | 12806169 |
| 1h-nmr spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis reveals characteristic chemical patterns in urines of ms patients and non-human primates with ms-like disease. | proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1h-nmr) spectroscopy in combination with pattern recognition techniques were used to investigate the composition of organic compounds in urines from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms), patients with other neurological diseases (ond) and healthy controls (h). using a valid animal model of ms, namely the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), the relation of disease progression and alteration of the urine ... | 2003 | 12809995 |
| fatal herpes simplex infection in a group of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | an outbreak of classical herpetic infection causing vesicoulcerative stomatitis in a family group (eight animals) of callithrix jacchus is described. in all eight infected animals, human herpesvirus 1 (hhv-1) was identified as the causative agent. this was confirmed by histologic, immunohistologic, and molecular biologic investigations, as well as by virus isolation. the clinical picture, the macroscopic appearance, and the histologic results indicated a herpes infection as the cause of mortalit ... | 2003 | 12824512 |
| comparison of tamarins and marmosets as hosts for gbv-b infections and the effect of immunosuppression on duration of viremia. | gbv-b virus is a close relative to hepatitis c virus (hcv) that causes hepatitis in tamarins, and thus, is an attractive surrogate model for hcv. in this study, we demonstrate that the host range of gbv-b extends to the common marmoset with an infection profile similar to that observed for tamarins. marmoset hepatocytes were susceptible to in vitro infection with gbv-b. virus was efficiently secreted into the medium, and approximately 25% of hepatocytes were positive for ns3 staining. in an atte ... | 2003 | 12832204 |
| preparation for the in vivo recording of neuronal responses in the visual cortex of anaesthetised marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the marmoset is becoming an important model for studies of primate vision, due to factors such as its small body size, lissencephalic brain, short gestational period and rapid postnatal development. for many studies of visual physiology (including single-cell recordings), it is a requirement that the animal is maintained under anaesthesia and neuromuscular block in order to ensure ocular stability. however, maintaining such a small animal (290-400 g) in good physiological condition for long peri ... | 2003 | 12842222 |
| development of a novel non-human primate model for preclinical gene vector safety studies. determining the effects of intracerebral hsv-1 inoculation in the common marmoset: a comparative study. | the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) has served as the standard non-human primate model of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) infection because it is highly susceptible to hsv-1 encephalitis. owl monkeys, however, are expensive, difficult to obtain, and difficult to maintain in captivity, thus greatly hampering the efficiency of preclinical gene therapy trials for brain tumors using hsv-1-based vectors. we have therefore compared the susceptibility of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with the ... | 2003 | 12858187 |
| ontogenetic characteristics of the vomeronasal organ in saguinus geoffroyi and leontopithecus rosalia, with comparisons to other primates. | it has been suggested that the variability of the primate vomeronasal organ (vno) may be greater than previously thought, especially among new world monkeys. it is not clear to what extent vno variation reflects ontogenetic, functional, or phylogenetic differences among primates. the present study investigated vno anatomy in an ontogenetic series of two genera of callitrichid primates, in order to assess recent attempts to develop vno character states and to examine the evidence for vno function ... | 2003 | 12884316 |
| novel gamma-1 herpesviruses identified in free-ranging new world monkeys (golden-handed tamarin [saguinus midas], squirrel monkey [saimiri sciureus], and white-faced saki [pithecia pithecia]) in french guiana. | the recent finding of a novel epstein-barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus (calhv-3) in a captive colony of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in the united states modifies the view that the host range of lymphocryptovirus is restricted to humans and old world primates. we investigated the presence of epstein-barr virus-related viruses in 79 samples of new world monkeys caught in the wild, including six species of the cebidae family and one of the callitrichidae, living in the rain forest of f ... | 2003 | 12885928 |
| auditory cortical responses elicited in awake primates by random spectrum stimuli. | contrary to findings in subcortical auditory nuclei, auditory cortex neurons have traditionally been described as spiking only at the onsets of simple sounds such as pure tones or bandpass noise and to acoustic transients in complex sounds. furthermore, primary auditory cortex (a1) has traditionally been described as mostly tone responsive and the lateral belt area of primates as mostly noise responsive. the present study was designed to unify the study of these two cortical areas using random s ... | 2003 | 12904480 |
| eae in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus. | the common marmoset callithrix jacchus is a primate phylogenetically close to humans which, when immunized with myelin proteins, is susceptible to a form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) that resembles multiple sclerosis (ms). neuropathological features of marmoset eae, including inflammation, demyelination and axonal injury, are strikingly similar to findings in the human disease and are the final result of a joint autoimmune attack by myelin-specific t and b cells. the molecu ... | 2003 | 12906764 |
| aspects of common marmoset basic biology and life history important for biomedical research. | while common marmosets are increasingly used as alternative primate models in biomedical research, their life history, specialized behavior and unique physiology are not well known. this paper describes important marmoset attributes that are particularly relevant for biomedical research, including reproduction, neurobiology, immunology, endocrine signaling, obesity and aging, in addition to fetal and postnatal development. while common marmosets exhibit characteristic anthropoid primate traits, ... | 2003 | 14524409 |
| husbandry, handling, and nutrition for marmosets. | marmosets, especially callithrix jacchus, have become an established part of the laboratory animal community. information on marmoset life history, behavior, and diet acquired from experience with natural and captive habitats has increased, but the early information from workers with colonies, principally those of tamarins, has led to some common perceptions about how to house, handle, and especially, feed callitrichids that may not apply to marmoset requirements. the availability of commerciall ... | 2003 | 14524410 |
| sample collection and restraint techniques used for common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied, adaptable new world primate from secondary forests in brazil that is used in various types of research, such as reproductive biology, neuroendocrinology, behavioral research, neuroscience, infectious disease, and drug development. because of their small body size, adaptability to a variety of conditions, unique physiologic characteristics, family social structure, and calm demeanor, they have become the primate of choice for certain res ... | 2003 | 14524411 |
| prolactin and paternal care: comparison of three species of monogamous new world monkeys (callicebus cupreus, callithrix jacchus, and callimico goeldii). | the authors explored whether prolactin is associated with paternal care in 3 monkey species: titi monkey (callicebus cupreus), common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), and goeldi's monkey (callimico goeldii). they compared prolactin levels in fathers before and after infant birth as well as between fathers and nonfathers. c. cupreus fathers carry infants almost exclusively, have higher prolactin levels than nonfathers, but show no prolactin increase after infant birth. c. goeldii fathers carry infa ... | 2003 | 12856787 |
| social suppression of cortisol in female marmoset monkeys: role of circulating acth levels and glucocorticoid negative feedback. | behaviorally subordinate female common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) exhibit pronounced, chronic reductions of circulating cortisol levels. cortisol suppression in these animals is mediated in part by adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth). in addition, we hypothesized that social subordination may activate a central, neurally mediated mechanism to further inhibit hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function. in this study, therefore, we evaluated basal plasma ... | 2004 | 14604597 |
| effects of training on stress-related behavior of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in relation to coping with routine husbandry procedures. | using positive reinforcement, j. mckinley trained 12 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to provide urine samples on request. the study then exposed the marmosets to mildly stressful, routine husbandry procedures (i.e., capture and weighing). the nonhuman animals spent less time inactive poststressor as opposed to prestressor. l. bassett collected matched behavioral data from 12 nontrained marmosets who were less accustomed to human interaction. these animals spent significantly more time self ... | 2003 | 14612270 |
| recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (raav) delivery of gdnf provides protection against 6-ohda lesion in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) has shown potential as a treatment for parkinson's disease. recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing the gdnf protein (raav-gdnf) have been used in rodent models of parkinson's disease to promote functional regeneration after 6-ohda lesions of the nigrostriatal system. the goal of the present study was to assess the anatomical and functional efficacy of raav-gdnf in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). raav-gdnf was inje ... | 2003 | 14637123 |
| selective age-related loss of calbindin-d28k from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a significant number of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of the primate, but not the rodent brain contain the calcium binding protein calbindin-d28k (cb). previous experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated a substantial age-related loss of cb from the human basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (bfcn). the present study investigated the possible age-related loss of cb from the bfcn in a non-human primate species, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). quantitative analysis o ... | 2003 | 12849757 |
| ultrastructural evidence of brain mast cell activation without degranulation in monkey experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (ms). increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) precedes the development of clinical or pathologic findings in ms and may be induced by perivascular brain mast cells secreting vasoactive and proinflammatory molecules. brain mast cells were investigated ultrastructurally in acute eae of the non-human primate common marmoset callithrix jacchus, which develops a mild ... | 2003 | 14644027 |
| serum vitamin a esters are high in captive rhesus (macaca mulatta) and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys. | we showed previously that hepatic vitamin a concentrations of captive rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) are subtoxic to toxic, with livers exhibiting stellate cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. although marmoset (callithrix jacchus) livers are also high in vitamin a, no stellate cell irregularities were observed. to further characterize the effects of high dietary vitamin a from preformed sources, stored serum samples were analyzed from monkeys used for biomedical research and housed at the wiscons ... | 2003 | 14652372 |
| alterations in m-rna expression for cu,zn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the basal ganglia of mptp-treated marmosets and patients with parkinson's disease. | alterations occurring in the antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (cu,zn-sod) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) following nigral dopaminergic denervation are unclear. we now report on the distribution and levels of m-rna for cu,zn-sod and gpx in basal ganglia of normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated common marmosets, and in normal individuals and patients with parkinson's disease (pd) using in situ hybridization histochemistry and oligo ... | 2003 | 12663090 |
| sensorimotor deficits in a unilateral intrastriatal 6-ohda partial lesion model of parkinson's disease in marmoset monkeys. | animal studies investigating the efficacy of neurotrophic factors as treatments for parkinson's disease (pd) ideally require partial dopamine (da) lesion models. the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) lesion model may be suitable for this purpose. although this model has been well characterized in rodents, it has not previously been used in monkeys. the goal of the present study was to characterize the behavioral effects of unilateral injections of 6-ohda in the basal ganglia of common mar ... | 2003 | 14552882 |
| species-specific transformation of t cells by hv(mne). | hv(mne) is an epstein-barr virus (ebv)-like lymphocryptovirus (lcv) originally isolated from a macaca nemestrina with cd8(+) t cell mycosis fungoides/cutaneous t cell lymphoma (blood 98 (2001), 2193). hv(mne) transforms rabbit t cells in vitro and causes t cell lymphoma in new zealand white rabbits. here we demonstrate that hv(mne) also immortalizes t cells from mustached tamarins but not those from owl monkeys, common marmosets, squirrel monkeys, black-capped capuchins, and humans. cytogenetic ... | 2003 | 14698668 |
| optical imaging of the retinotopic organization of v1 in the common marmoset. | we examined the retinotopic mapping of the visual world in the primary visual cortex of the marmoset monkey using differential optical imaging. two sets of complementary stripe-like locations were visually stimulated in turn. their difference depicts the cortical representations of continuous bands of visual space. by rotating the sets of stripe-like locations it is possible to map different spatial axes. analogous to the macaque we found that the v1/v2 border represented the vertical meridian, ... | 2003 | 14642495 |
| distribution of protein gene product 9.5-immunopositive and nadph-diaphorase-positive neurons in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) accessory olfactory bulb. | the principal center of the accessory olfactory system is the accessory olfactory bulb (aob). in primates, simians are divided into two groups, new and old world monkeys, and the aob is present in only new world monkeys. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a species of new world monkey. although the morphology of the common marmoset aob has been demonstrated, the distribution patterns of the mitral/tufted and granule cells of the aob remain unclear. in the present study, therefore, the d ... | 2003 | 14709818 |
| development of a gb virus b marmoset model and its validation with a novel series of hepatitis c virus ns3 protease inhibitors. | gb virus b (gbv-b), a flavivirus closely related to hcv, has previously been shown to infect and replicate to high titers in tamarins (saguinus sp.). this study describes the use of gbv-b infection and replication in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) for the successful development and validation of a surrogate animal model for hepatitis c virus (hcv). infection of marmosets with gbv-b produced a viremia that peaked at 10(8) to 10(9) genome copies/ml for a period of 40 to 60 days followed ... | 2004 | 14747571 |
| morphological characteristics of dopaminergic immunoreactive neurons in the olfactory bulb of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the present study describes the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-immunoreactive (ir) elements in the olfactory bulb of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), a primate species by immunohistochemistry. we identified six layers of the olfactory bulb of the common marmoset monkey in sections stained with cresyl violet. the majority of th-ir cells were found in the glomerular layer. a few th-ir cells were present in the external plexiform and granule cell layers. th-ir fibers were ... | 2003 | 14703999 |
| relations among birth condition, maternal condition, and postnatal growth in captive common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | the present study characterizes the relations among maternal condition, litter size, birth condition, and growth in body weight for a population of common marmosets. the subjects of the study were marmosets born into a single colony between 1994 and 2001. three sets of analyses were conducted to answer the following questions: 1) is there a relationship between litter size, maternal condition, and birth condition? in the study population, maternal body weight, maternal age, litter size, and birt ... | 2004 | 14983466 |
| saliva sampling to assess cortisol levels in unrestrained common marmosets and the effect of behavioral stress. | we report a method for taking saliva samples from unrestrained, captive marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to assess levels of free cortisol. saliva samples can be obtained reliably, without any habituation, by encouraging the marmosets to lick and chew a cotton-wool bud coated in banana. saliva is thus left on the bud. we also tested sweetened fruit-drink crystals and a number of other substances, but none of these attracted all of the marmosets, and even flavors that were effective once soon lost ... | 2004 | 14983468 |
| flow cytometric sorting of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in sheep and non-human primates. | research was conducted in sheep to determine an effective preparation method for high-purity sorting of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. the efficacy of sorting frozen-thawed spermatozoa was then investigated in several non-human primate species. an aliquot of each ejaculate (three rams, three ejaculates per ram) was processed as a fresh control (fresh). frozen spermatozoa were thawed and prepared for sorting by no further processing (ft-neat), washing (ft-wash) or gradient centrifugation (ft-gradient ... | 2003 | 14984693 |
| performance of the marmoset monkey on computerized tasks of attention and working memory. | the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (cantab) is a computerised battery of neuropsychological tests presented as stimuli on a touch-sensitive computer screen that has been used to assess a wide range of cognitive functions in neuropsychiatric patients, healthy volunteers, and species of non-human primate, primarily the rhesus macaque. the common marmoset is a small-bodied, tractable simian primate that breeds well under laboratory conditions. this primate has been quite extens ... | 2004 | 15019709 |
| xy female marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with atypical external genitalia was phenotypically and genetically characterized. testosterone concentration correlated with that of female marmosets. externally, there was only one opening for the urethra. internal genitalia were characteristic of those of female marmosets, and consisted of ovaries, with follicles in various developmental stages, and uterus. microscopically, a normal vaginal structure was found. an xx/xy chimerism and high steroid hormone values ... | 2003 | 14655998 |
| penile vibratory stimulation in the marmoset monkey: a practical alternative to electro-ejaculation, yielding ejaculates of enhanced quality. | the availability of sufficient amounts of spermatozoa of high quality is one of the main limiting factors in reproductive research and development of reproductive technologies in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). penile vibrostimulation (pvs) has been successfully used in semen collection in the squirrel monkey but with poor success rate in the marmoset. we report here on an improved protocol for pvs with a success rate of almost 90%. ejaculates obtained by pvs were of enhanced quality comp ... | 2004 | 15061722 |
| sense of taste in a new world monkey, the common marmoset. ii. link between behavior and nerve activity. | in a previous study, we characterized the gustatory system of a new world monkey the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus jacchus, with electrophysiological techniques by recording from taste fibers of the chorda tympani proper (ct) and glossopharyngeal (ng) nerves. hierarchical cluster analysis identified three clusters of taste fibers: s fibers, responding predominantly to sweeteners, q fibers, responding predominantly to bitter stimuli, and h fibers, responding predominantly to acids. in this ... | 2004 | 15071088 |
| antiparkinsonian activity of ro 25-6981, a nr2b subunit specific nmda receptor antagonist, in animal models of parkinson's disease. | n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonists have antiakinetic and antidyskinetic effects in animals models of parkinson's disease (pd). however, non-selective inhibition of nmda receptors throughout the central nervous system may result in undesired effects such as ataxia and psychosis. we therefore studied ro 25-6981, an activity-dependent antagonist of nmda receptors containing the nr2b subunit which are predominantly expressed in the striatum. ro 25-6981 induced contraversive rotations i ... | 2004 | 15081591 |
| acoustic communication in noise: regulation of call characteristics in a new world monkey. | this study on common marmosets callithrix jacchus is the first to examine noise-dependent mechanisms of vocal plasticity in a new world monkey. since acoustic communication can be considerably impaired by environmental noise, some animals have evolved adaptations to counteract its masking effects. the studied marmosets increased the sound level of their spontaneous calls in response to increased levels of white noise broadcast to them. possibly, such noise-dependent adjustment of vocal amplitude ... | 2004 | 14691092 |
| spatial mapping of collagen fibril organisation in primate cornea-an x-ray diffraction investigation. | new insights are presented into the collagenous structure of the primate cornea. wide-angle x-ray diffraction was used to map the fibrillar arrangement and distribution of collagen over three common marmoset corneas. the maps provide a point of reference to help interpret data from pathological corneas or primate models of refractive surgery. the results herein disclose a circum-corneal annulus of highly aligned collagen, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, where the cornea and sclera fuse at the limbus; a feature ... | 2004 | 15099577 |
| [alterations in cholesterol, triglyceride and total phospholipid levels in plasma of callithrix jacchus (sagüi) reinfected by schistosoma mansoni]. | little information is available on the lipid changes caused by schistosoma mansoni reinfection. in this work it was evaluated alteration in the plasma lipids due to one reinfection by schistosoma mansoni in the non human primate callithrix jacchus (sagüi). blood samples from c. jacchus, prior and after 60 days infection and reinfection, were collected by intravenous puncture, anticoagulated with edta (1mg/ml) and centrifuged at 2,500 xg, in order to obtain the plasma. total cholesterol, choleste ... | 2004 | 15042181 |
| chorionic gonadotrophin beta subunit mrna but not luteinising hormone beta subunit mrna is expressed in the pituitary of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the pituitary gonadotrophins lh and fsh are responsible for regulation of gametogenesis in the testis and ovary. chorionic gonadotrophin (cg), a third closely related glycoprotein hormone derived by gene duplication of the lhbeta gene and secreted by the placenta in primates, is essential for the rescue of the corpus luteum and maintenance of pregnancy. we have recently shown that marmoset (m) cgbeta mrna is highly expressed in the pituitary of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and that l ... | 2004 | 14765996 |