| disruption of prosomes by some bivalent metal ions results in the loss of their multicatalytic proteinase activity and cancels the nuclease resistance of prosomal rna. | prosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles constituted by a variable set of about 20 proteins found associated with untranslated mrna. in addition, they contain a small rna, the presence of which has been an issue of controversy for a long time. the intact particles have a multicatalytic proteinase (mcp) activity and are very stable; we have never observed autodigestion of the particle by its intrinsic proteinase activity. surprisingly it was found that zn2+ and cu2+ ions at concentrations of 0.1- ... | 1992 | 1445237 |
| detection of mammalian and avian hepadnaviruses by the polymerase chain reaction. | the hepadnavirus family contains a number of related viruses able to infect a variety of animal species. in the present study, we have used the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide primers to a conserved region of the viral replicase gene of hepadnaviruses to identify viral sequences in de novo tissues in three well-characterized hepadnavirus systems: the woodchuck, ground squirrel and pekin duck. we did not detect related hepadnavirus sequences in liver specimens from tree squirrels pu ... | 1992 | 1455624 |
| minimal anesthetic concentration and cardiopulmonary dose-response of halothane in ducks. | the minimal anesthetic concentration (mac) for halothane and cardiopulmonary dose-responses at several concentrations of halothane were determined during spontaneous ventilation in nine young adult pekin ducks. the mac for halothane was 1.04 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- sd). there were dose-dependent decreases in ventilation, significant reductions in inspiratory and expiratory times, and prolongation of expiratory pause times. the end-tidal halothane concentration at apnea in five ducks was less than 1.5 ... | 1992 | 1455642 |
| duck lymphocytes. vi. requirement for phagocytic and adherent cells in lymphocyte transformation. | preparations of duck (anas platyrhynchos) spleen and blood lymphocytes depleted of cells capable of phagocytosing carbonyl iron gave lower transformation responses to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a), bandeiraea simplicifolia seed lectin (bss), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), lentil lectin (ll) and phorbol ester (pma) than intact cell preparations. when cell populations were fractionated on the basis of their adherence to plastic, it was found that the adherent cells w ... | 1992 | 1455688 |
| protein proteinase inhibitor therapy in experimental pancreatitis: pharmacological characterization of the inhibitor. | the pharmacodynamical properties of the duck ovomucoid and its effect on the development of experimental pancreatitis in rats have been studied. it has been shown that after intravenous injection the ovomucoid initially accumulated in the liver, kidneys and blood, while after intraperitoneal injection--mainly in the pancreas and kidneys. the inhibitor is removed from circulation by renal filtration, one-half of the injected protein being removed for 4 hr. for the treatment of experimental pancre ... | 1992 | 1462828 |
| transcription factor iia is inactivated during terminal differentiation of avian erythroid cells. | avian histone h5 and alpha a-globin genes are transcribed much more efficiently in whole cell extracts derived from immature polychromatic erythrocytes than in extracts from mature duck erythrocytes. we found that these differential activities are detectable only if assayed with promoters containing a functional tata box. the addition of either highly purified human or recombinant yeast transcription factor iia (tfiia) to extracts from mature erythrocytes resulted in a significant increase in tr ... | 1992 | 1465382 |
| the role of target size in neuronal survival. | a loss of about half of the trochlear motor neurons occurs during the course of normal development in duck and quail embryos. the role of the size of the target muscle in controlling the number of surviving motor neurons was examined by making motor neurons innervate targets either larger or smaller in size than their normal target. in one experiment the smaller trochlear motor neuron pool of the quail embryo was forced to innervate the larger superior oblique muscle of the duck embryo. this was ... | 1992 | 1469379 |
| the identification and characterization of 125i-labelled iodomelatonin-binding sites in the duck kidney. | the melatonin-binding sites in membrane preparations of duck kidney were demonstrated by utilizing 125i-labelled iodomelatonin as a radioligand. binding at these sites was found to be reversible, saturable, specific and of high affinity. scatchard analysis of the specific binding revealed an equilibrium binding constant (kd) of 44.6 +/- 4.4 pmol/l (n = 6) and a total number of binding sites (bmax) of 6.43 +/- 0.60 fmol/mg protein (n = 6) at the mid-point of the light period (mid-light). the hill ... | 1992 | 1474342 |
| [isolation of 2 coccidia of the genus isospora from ducks in france]. | the authors isolated 2 isospora species from ducks: isospora mandari and isospora sp. this was the first report of the genus isospora from the duck in france. one of the 2 isolated species (isospora sp) has not been described in the duck before. | 1992 | 1476409 |
| biochemical characterization of crystallins from pigeon lenses: structural and sequence analysis of pigeon delta-crystallin. | crystallins from pigeon eye lenses were isolated and purified by gel-permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino-acid composition and sequence analysis. alpha- and beta-crystallins could be obtained in relatively pure forms by single-step size-exclusion chromatography whereas an extra step of ion-exchange chromatography was needed for the separation of delta-crystallin from the beta-crystallin fraction. in contrast to most characterized vertebrate species, a large a ... | 1992 | 1477105 |
| [a study of duck hepatitis b virus infection in chinese ducklings]. | intraperitoneal inoculation of duck hepatitis b virus in three different dosages (9 x 10(7), 1.8 x 10(8), 9 x 10(8) dhbv particles) into 3 to 21 day-old chinese ducklings provided from a dhbv free flock produced a persistent infection up to 93.3% in 60 animals. the serum and liver specimens of these ducklings were examined by dna dot blot hybridization on the 30th day after inoculation. the results showed that: (1) examination of viral dna in liver was more sensitive and reliable than estimation ... | 1992 | 1477940 |
| metabolic responses to forced dives in pekin duck measured by indirect calorimetry and 31p-mrs. | we tested the hypothesis that forced-dived ducks experience a reduction in metabolic rate during prolonged submergence. unidirectionally ventilated conscious ducks were subjected to forced dives by temporarily stopping the airflow in the ventilation system and simultaneously filling a face mask with cold water. a typical cardiovascular response to submergence was observed: bradycardia and maintained arterial blood pressure. phosphorylated metabolite concentrations in the pectoral muscle were mea ... | 1992 | 1481944 |
| vip-immunoreactive nerve structures of the gastrointestinal tract in the developing and adult domestic duck. | the first appearance and distribution of vip-containing nerve structures were studied in the gut of embryonal, newly hatched and adult domestic ducks. immunoreactive structures appeared in the mesenchyme of the gizzard-duodenum junction (antrum) at 5 days of incubation, and soon after diffused both cranially and caudally. early in development, vip-positive cell bodies were more numerous than positive fibres, appearing 3 days before the latter. later on, the positive cell bodies decreased in numb ... | 1992 | 1482601 |
| sarcocystis in mallards on the southern high plains of texas. | two hundred thirty-one mallards (anas platyrhynchos) collected during 1989-91 on the southern high plains of texas were examined for macroscopically detectable sarcocystis spp. only eight adult mallards were infected. based on small quantified tissue samples, five, one, and two birds had light, medium, and heavy infections, respectively. prevalences were 4%, 8%, 9%, and 0% across two consecutive summer and winter periods, respectively. a new locality record for sarcocystis spp. was established i ... | 1992 | 1485860 |
| pathologic and serologic characterization of a variant of duck hepatitis type i virus. | a duck hepatitis virus (dhv), isolated from ducks on a farm in virginia in 1963, was shown to be only partially related to dhv type i (dhv-i) in cross-neutralization and in cross-protection tests. the virus, named dhv-ia, apparently is a serologic variant of dhv-i; both viruses are serologically distinct from dhv type iii. pathologic responses to dhv-ia were similar to those described for dhv-i infection. | 1992 | 1485876 |
| effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard. | during a toxicological test using diisopropyl methylphosphonate (dimp) on mallards, an anaesthesia-like response was noted after oral dosing. in order to further elucidate these effects, arterial blood pressures were determined both pre- and post-dosing on adult male and female mallards by cannulation of the left carotid artery. a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was noted after the oral administration of dimp. there was no significant difference in response b ... | 1992 | 1489525 |
| a comparison of the responses of dispersed steroidogenic cells derived from embryonic adrenal tissue from the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), the domestic pekin duck and the wild mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos), and the domestic muscovy duck (cairina moschata). | the steroidogenic responsiveness of adrenal cell suspensions prepared from domestic chicken adrenal tissue at the end of embryogenesis was compared to the responses of similar preparations derived from the wild and domesticated mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos), and the domesticated muscovy duck (cairina moschata). in all cases, the masses of corticosterone (b), aldosterone (aldo), and deoxycorticosterone (doc) released from cells incubated in medium containing 1-24 acth exceeded the estimated h ... | 1992 | 1490583 |
| [serologic detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus in water fowl using the hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme immunoassay]. | 8410 samples from moscovy duck, pekin duck and geese were incorporated into examinations of antibodies against the newcastle disease virus. a new enzyme-immuno-assay (eia) for antibody detection in moscovy duck and pekin duck was developed using purified antigen from ndv-strain "la sota". the epidemiology as well as the relation of incidence of the newcastle disease in waterfowl was discussed. | 1992 | 1492520 |
| [detection of aflatoxin b1 in tissues of free-living game animals (lepus europaeus, phasianus colchicus, capreolus capreolus, anas platyrhynchos)]. | this contribution states concentrations of products of toxogenic mould fungus aspergillus in livers, kidneys and testes of specific game animals. in hares (lepus europaeus), there was determined an average concentration in livers of 0.407 microgram.kg-1 +/- 0.29, in kidneys 0.658 microgram.kg-1 +/- 0.60, in testes 0.523 microgram.kg-1 +/- 0.27 and in the ovaries 0.207 microgram.kg-1 +/- 0.19. higher values were found in those animals with silage pits, hayricks and liquid manure pits nearby. in r ... | 1992 | 1492526 |
| development of brainstem auditory pathway in mallard duck embryos and hatchlings. | the development of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (baep) was studied in mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) embryos and hatchlings from 5-6 days before hatching through two days after hatching in response to tone pips of different frequencies. baeps showed a different time of onset and a different rate of development for low, middle, and high frequencies. although auditory sensitivity in the mid-frequency range (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 khz) appeared 1-2 days later than in the low-frequency ... | 1992 | 1494141 |
| kinetic analysis of duck epsilon-crystallin with l-lactate dehydrogenase activity: determination of kinetic constants and comparison of substrate specificity. | a systematic analysis of the kinetic properties of duck lens epsilon-crystallin with lactate dehydrogenase [ldh, (e.c. 1.1.1.27)] activity was carried out by employing some 19 different alpha-keto acids as substrates for this nadh-dependent ldh-catalyzed reaction. the steady-state michaelis and catalytic constants (km, kcat) were determined for a broad range of organic compounds. the results provide important insights regarding the binding and affinity of substrates to active sites of this enzym ... | 1992 | 1497671 |
| the protein of m(r) 21,000 constituting the prosome-like particle of duck erythroblasts is homologous to apoferritin. | in duck erythroblasts, two major populations of untranslated messenger (m) rnp can be separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation in low ionic strength. one of these contains globin mrna associated to protein factors, among them the prosomes. the other, sedimenting in the 35s zone, contains non-globin mrna. from this '35s' mrnp, a new rnp particle called the prosome-like particle was isolated and characterized [akhayat, o., infante, a. a., infante, d., martins de sa, c., grossi de sa, m.-f. & s ... | 1992 | 1499559 |
| a topological model for hepatitis b surface antigen. | a model of hepatitis b surface antigen has been derived, based on extensive sequence analysis and biochemical data. the surface antigen sequences of the human, woodchuck, ground squirrel and duck hepadnaviruses were examined using hydrophobicity, hydrophobic moments, flexibility and secondary structure prediction. the helix phase diagram, which is a modified version of eisenberg's hydrophobic moment plots and which specifically addresses the problem of transmembrane helices, was used to examine ... | 1992 | 1500275 |
| cloning of hepadnaviruses using microquantity serum. | | 1992 | 1508732 |
| interdigital chondrogenesis and extra digit formation in the duck leg bud subjected to local ectoderm removal. | in the chick embryo the interdigital tissue in the stages previous to cell death exhibits in vitro a high chondrogenic potential, and forms extra digits when subjected in vivo to local ectodermal removal. in the present work we have analyzed the chondrogenic potential both in vivo and in vitro of the interdigital mesenchyme of the duck leg bud. as distinct from the chick, the interdigital mesenchyme of the duck leg bud exhibits a low degree of degeneration, resulting in the formation of webbed d ... | 1992 | 1514701 |
| interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings. | concentrations of over 100 ppm (100 mg/kg) selenium (se) have been found in aquatic food chains associated with irrigation drainwater. both quantity and composition of dietary protein for wild ducklings may vary in selenium-contaminated environments. day-old mallard (anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received one of the following diets containing 22% protein: unsupplemented (controls), 15 ppm se (as selenomethionine), 60 ppm se, methionine supplemented, 15 ppm se with methionine supplement, or 60 pp ... | 1992 | 1514839 |
| interactions between proteins bound to the duck beta a-globin gene promoter and enhancer detected by the dnasei footprinting. | the duck beta a-globin (beta aglb) enhancer was closely linked to the duck beta a-glb promoter, and the construct was used to study binding of nuclear proteins to specific sites of these regulatory elements. dnasei-footprint analysis showed that the presence of the enhancer induced binding of proteins to additional sites on the promoter. the results are consistent with the looping-out model, based on specific interactions of enhancer-bound and promoter bound-proteins. | 1992 | 1537559 |
| transcription factor eusf is an essential component of isolated transcription complexes on the duck histone h5 gene and it mediates the interaction of tfiid with a tata-deficient promoter. | we analysed the formation of transcription complexes on the h5 gene of the duck which is efficiently transcribed in hela cell extracts in vitro. upon deletion of its tata-box, the fidelity of transcription of the h5 gene is maintained, although the efficiency of this process is significantly reduced. selective inactivation of tfiid in whole cell extracts and reconstitution experiments either with human recombinant tfiid or a protein fraction from duck erythrocytes enriched in tfiid show that tra ... | 1992 | 1538403 |
| a prolonged outbreak of ornithosis in duck processors. | in 1985 an outbreak of ornithosis affected 13 of 80 (16%) workers in a duck-processing plant. new employees were three times more likely to become cases than established employees. the highest attack rate was in those on the production line. following the outbreak, an occupational health scheme was set up to monitor the health of new recruits to the company. serological evidence of recent infection was demonstrated in 18 of 37 (49%) new employees tested in the first 3 months of employment. five ... | 1992 | 1547838 |
| use of single-gene reassortant viruses to study the role of avian influenza a virus genes in attenuation of wild-type human influenza a virus for squirrel monkeys and adult human volunteers. | the transfer of six internal rna segments from the avian influenza a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2) virus reproducibly attenuates human influenza a viruses for squirrel monkeys and adult humans. to identify the avian influenza a virus genes that specify the attenuation and host range restriction of avian-human (ah) influenza a reassortant viruses (referred to as ah reassortants), we isolated six single-gene reassortant viruses (sgrs), each having a single internal rna segment of the influenza a ... | 1992 | 1551982 |
| interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings. | high concentrations of arsenic (as) and selenium (se) have been found in aquatic food chains associated with irrigation drainwater. total biomass of invertebrates, a major source of protein for wild ducklings, may vary in environments that are contaminated with selenium. day-old mallard (anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) containing 22% protein or diets containing 15 ppm se (as selenomethionine), 60 ppm se, 200 ppm as (as sodium arsenate), 15 ppm se with 200 ppm ... | 1992 | 1554253 |
| investigation of lens glycolytic enzymes: species distribution and interaction with supramolecular order. | distribution of several glycolytic enzymes in the lenses of different vertebrate species and their organization in the calf lenses were studied. though no general pattern of enzyme activities in different species is discernible, high activities of tpi followed, in decreasing order, by gapdh, enolase, pk, ldh and aldolase appear to be more common. our observation on the unusually high activities of aldolase in the pig, enolase in the sheep and ldh in the duck lens are interesting in view of the a ... | 1992 | 1559553 |
| duck hepatitis b virus infection of hepatocytes is not dependent on low ph. | the ph dependency for initiation of infection by the hepadnavirus duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) was investigated in primary duck hepatocytes. first, an infection assay was developed using a radioimmunoblot to measure dhbv e antigen secreted into tissue culture fluid from infected hepatocytes. the quantity of this viral marker was proportional to the duration of inoculation and the amount of dhbv used as inoculum. the role of ph in initiation of dhbv infection was investigated by using this assay ... | 1992 | 1560528 |
| influence of altered afferent input on the number of trochlear motor neurons during development. | a loss of about half of the trochlear motor neurons occurs during the course of normal development. the present investigation was undertaken to examine the role of afferent input in regulating the number of surviving or dying trochlear motor neurons. a majority of the afferent input to the trochlear nucleus comes from the vestibular nuclei of the hindbrain via the medial longitudinal fasciculus. portions of the hindbrain were lesioned in duck embryos on embryonic day 3, considerably prior to the ... | 1992 | 1564452 |
| mental images can be ambiguous: reconstruals and reference-frame reversals. | philosophers and psychologists have debated whether or not mental images of ambiguous figures are reversible as pictures of such figures are. previously, empirical evidence both pro (finke, pinker, & farah, 1989) and con (chambers & reisberg, 1985) has been obtained. in a series of four experiments, we identify the conditions under which images of classic ambiguous figures like the duck/rabbit and the snail/elephant are reversible. we distinguish between two types of reversal: those that entail ... | 1992 | 1565009 |
| replication of dhbv genomes with mutations at the sites of initiation of minus- and plus-strand dna synthesis. | we have examined the consequences on duck hepatitis b virus dna synthesis of deleting the 5' and 3' copies of the 12 base sequence, dr1, from the viral pregenome. with the wild-type virus, reverse transcription initiates at nt 2537 within the 3' copy of dr1. when this sequence was deleted, initiation of reverse transcription was found at two other sites located closer to the 3' end of the pregenome (nt 2576 and nt 2644). the 3-base motif uua was the only sequence common to these sites as well as ... | 1992 | 1566574 |
| facile synthesis of chiral 2-hydroxy acids catalyzed by a stable duck epsilon-crystallin with endogenous l-lactate dehydrogenase activity. | duck epsilon-crystallin, an abundant structural protein in lenses of some avian species, was shown to possess a genuine and stable l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-ldh; ec 1.1.1.27) activity suitable for the application to enzyme technology as a catalyst for the synthesis of chiral alpha-hydroxy acids. two pharmaceutically important intermediates, 2-hydroxy acids (s)-2-hydroxybutanoic acid (s)-2-hydroxypentanoic acid have been synthesized in high yields and optical purity utilizing an in situ nadh reg ... | 1992 | 1568484 |
| biochemical characterization and kinetic analysis of duck delta-crystallin with endogenous argininosuccinate lyase activity. | delta-crystallin, the most abundant crystallin in the avian species, was isolated and purified from duck lenses. it was shown to possess endogenous argininosuccinate lyase activity catalysing the reversible cleavage of argininosuccinate to give fumarate and arginine with an equilibrium constant of 1.8 +/- 0.23 mm. in contrast, chicken lens delta-crystallin showed only 0.4-0.8% of the enzyme activity of duck delta-crystallin under identical assay conditions. biochemical comparison of delta-crysta ... | 1992 | 1575702 |
| the structure of hepadnaviral core antigens. identification of free thiols and determination of the disulfide bonding pattern. | a set of wild-type and mutant human, woodchuck, and duck hepatitis viral core proteins have been prepared and used to study the free thiol groups and the disulfide bonding pattern present within the core particle. human (hbcag) and woodchuck (whcag) core proteins contain 4 cysteine residues, whereas duck (dhcag) core protein contains a single cysteine residue. each of the cysteines of hbcag has been eliminated, either singly or in combinations, by a two-step mutagenesis procedure. all of the pro ... | 1992 | 1577770 |
| the major rna in prosomes of hela cells and duck erythroblasts is trna(lys,3). | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of hela cell prosomal rnas, 3'-end labeled by rna ligase, revealed one prominent spot. determination of a partial sequence at the 3'-end indicated full homology to the 18 nucleotides at the 3'-end of trna(lys,3) from rabbit, the bovine and the human species. an oligonucleotide complementary to the 3'-end of trna(lys,3) hybridized on northern blots with prosomal rna from both hela cells and duck erythroblasts. in two-dimensional page, the major prna of hela cel ... | 1992 | 1579498 |
| what an image depicts depends on what an image means. | previous research has shown that subjects visually imaging the classical ambiguous figures have great difficulty in reconstruing these images. to explain this finding, we propose that subjects' construal of their image strongly influences what is depicted in the image, leading to the inclusion of some aspects of an imaged figure and the exclusion of others. thus, images of (supposedly) ambiguous figures may literally omit information necessary for the reconstrual. to test this claim, we asked su ... | 1992 | 1582171 |
| ionic effects on bumetanide binding to the activated na/k/2cl cotransporter: selectivity and kinetic properties of ion binding sites. | the loop diuretic bumetanide binds specifically to the na/k/2cl cotransporter of many cell types including duck erythrocytes. membranes isolated from these erythrocytes retain the ability to bind bumetanide when cells are exposed to cotransport-activity stimuli prior to membrane isolation. an extensive study of the effects of ions on specific [3h]bumetanide binding to such membranes is presented here and compared to the activity of these ions in supporting transport function in intact cells. bot ... | 1992 | 1593610 |
| [a comparative study of the effect of pyrazole on the activity of enzymes in the alcohol/polyol dehydrogenase family]. | a comparative study of the effect of pyrazol, an inhibitor of the coenzyme-binding site of alcohol dehydrogenases, on the activity of enzymes of the alcohol/polyol dehydrogenase group has been carried out. commercial preparations of alcohol dehydrogenases from the cytoplasm of horse liver cells and yeast cells, as well as the enzyme from the cytoplasm of trichosporon pullulans cells was completely inhibited by 1 mm pyrazol, while alcohol dehydrogenases from candida utilis and saccharomyces carls ... | 1992 | 1594544 |
| [the nephrotoxic effects of single duck immunoglobulins in the triggering of masugi nephritis]. | studies were conducted into the roles played by various duck immunoglobulins in the anti-basal membrane of nephrotoxic nephritis in rabbit. the 7.8s and 5.7s immunoglobulins which originated from nephrotoxic duck serum were found to be responsible for the development of nephritis in rabbit. no pathogenetic role was played by any other proteins of duck serum. the affinity for the glomerulus basal membrane of 7.8s immunoglobulin was found to be higher than that of 5.7s globulin. as to trigger dosa ... | 1992 | 1596489 |
| species differences in liver type i iodothyronine deiodinase. | the type i iodothyronine deiodinase (id-i) of liver is an important enzyme for the conversion of the prohormone thyroxine (t4) to the active thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (t3). because it is an integral membrane protein of low abundance, purification of id-i from rat liver has proven to be difficult. we have analyzed id-i in liver microsomal fractions from various animals to reveal possible species differences and to explore alternative sources for the isolation of the enzyme. id-i was ... | 1992 | 1599938 |
| starvation, staphylococcosis, and vitamin a deficiency among mallards overwintering in saskatchewan. | during january to march 1991, 38 mallards (anas platyrhynchos) found dead from a group of approximately 600 overwintering on the south saskatchewan river were examined. thirty birds died from starvation, four had disseminated staphylococcus aureus infection, and the cause of death of four birds was not determined. all six birds from which the esophagus was examined microscopically, including the four birds with staphylococcosis, had squamous metaplasia of the submucosal glands, a lesion pathogno ... | 1992 | 1602572 |
| another look at categorical priming in the cerebral hemispheres. | this study investigated the effect of exemplar dominance on semantic priming in the left and right visual fields for words that are members of the same category, but not strongly associated. a low proportion of related primes was employed in lexical decision and word pronunciation tasks to assess the automatic activation of word meanings in each cerebral hemisphere. priming was reliably obtained only in the lvf/right hemisphere. in addition, this effect did not vary with category dominance of th ... | 1992 | 1603301 |
| pandemic influenza: a zoonosis? | in the last two decades, influenza a viruses have been found to occur throughout the animal kingdom, mainly in birds, notably aquatic ones, in which infection is largely intestinal, waterborne, and asymptomatic. the domestic duck of southern china, raised in countless numbers all year round mainly as an adjunct to rice farming, is the principal host of influenza a viruses. studies based on hong kong h3n2 viruses from southern china suggest that pandemic strains originate from the domestic duck t ... | 1992 | 1609163 |
| [attempt to cause hepatitis in duck hepatitis b virus carrier ducks by immunization with dhbv protein]. | in order to investigate the hypothesis that viral hepatitis is a host immune response against viral protein presented on hepatocytes, we attempted to cause hepatitis in dhbv carrier ducks by immunization with dhbv protein. while ducks injected with freund complete adjuvant (fca) showed only weak hepatitis, those immunized with dhbv particle protein showed severe hepatitis. this same procedure could not cause significant inflammation in the liver of ducks without dhbv infection. the severity of h ... | 1992 | 1619786 |
| histological and histochemical investigations on japanese lizard esophagus. | the authors previously investigated the bottle-shaped glands distributed in the lamina propria mucosae of the japanese lizard and gecko. we made two sets of sections of the japanese lizard at that time. the numerical values of the physical dimensions of the two individuals were as given table 1, showing that no. 2 was slightly smaller. moreover we found very unusual tissue in the lower portion of the esophagus of no. 2. therefore we excluded this individual from the preceding investigations. how ... | 1992 | 1620528 |
| phylogeny of the p68c-ets-1 amino-terminal transactivating domain reveals some highly conserved structural features. | the chicken c-ets-1 locus gives rise to two distinct transcription factors differing only in their structurally and functionally unrelated n-termini. one of these transcription factors, p54c-ets-1, contains a specific, short (27 amino acids), hydrophilic n-terminus encoded by a single exon, i54, that is widely conserved among vertebrates. the other one, p68c-ets-1, the cellular counterpart of the viral ets oncogene product, differs in the replacement of the i54 by two exons, termed alpha and bet ... | 1992 | 1620554 |
| duck liver 'malic' enzyme. expression in escherichia coli and characterization of the wild-type enzyme and site-directed mutants. | a cdna for duck liver 'malic' enzyme (ec 1.1.1.40) was subcloned into puc-8, and the active enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli tg-2 cells as a fusion protein including a 15-residue n-terminal leader from beta-galactosidase coded by the lacz' gene. c99s and r70q mutants of the enzyme were generated by the m13 mismatch technique. the recombinant enzymes were purified to near homogeneity by a simple two-step procedure and characterized relative to the enzyme isolated from duck liver. the natu ... | 1992 | 1622402 |
| pathogenicity of salmonella pullorum in northern bobwhite quail and mallard ducks. | ten-day-old northern bobwhite quail and mallard ducks were inoculated orally and intravenously with salmonella pullorum at selected concentrations (10(3) to 10(10) colony-forming units). mortality in bobwhites ranged from 65% to 100%, whereas no mallards died or exhibited any signs of morbidity. significantly (p less than 0.05) increased values for serum calcium, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in mallards inoculated with live s. pullorum, and antibody titers were detected as ... | 1992 | 1627103 |
| effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on duck hepatitis b virus dna level in serum and liver of chronically infected ducks. | the 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides, 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac) and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (fmau), are new antiviral compounds with in vitro inhibitory activity against the dna polymerase of hepadnaviruses. those compounds also induced permanent inhibition of viral replication in woodchucks chronically infected by woodchuck hepatitis virus. the effects of these antiviral compounds were assessed in d ... | 1992 | 1629711 |
| a domestic duck as a new host for blastocystis sp. | | 1992 | 1644350 |
| [duck hepatitis b virus dna in multiple primary cancers and metastatic tumors in duck liver]. | duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) dna was detected in both multiple primary cancers and intrahepatic metastatic tumors in duck liver by southern blot technique. among 7 ducks with multiple primary tumors in the liver, the banding pattern of integrated dhbv dna in different tumors was identical in 3 animals but different in 2. one duck showed a similar hybridization pattern in different tumor nodules and the remaining one was negative for dhbv dna. integrated dhbv dna was also identified in one duck ... | 1991 | 1652415 |
| [125i]iodomelatonin binding sites in spleens of birds and mammals. | the specific binding of [125i]iodomelatonin to duck spleen membrane preparations was studied in detail. these binding sites were stable, saturable, reversible and of high affinity. scatchard analysis of the binding revealed a equilibrium binding constant (kd) of 73.1 +/- 5.4 pm and a total number of binding sites (bmax) of 3.64 +/- 1.38 fmol/mg protein. studies on the relative binding capacities of [125i]iodomelatonin to the spleen in different species showed the following order: duck greater th ... | 1991 | 1652711 |
| [nonhyperbolic kinetics of na,k-atpase--a new viewpoint]. | the kinetics of the 130 kda monomer obtained by treatment of duck salt gland na,k-atpase with c12e8 was compared with that of the membrane-bound enzyme. the shapes of the substrate-velocity curves for the membrane-bound and solubilized forms were quite different: a hyperbolic one for the monomeric na,k-atpase and a nonhyperbolic one for the native enzyme. a reaction scheme for atp hydrolysis based on a comparative analysis of kinetic properties of these two forms is proposed. experimental eviden ... | 1991 | 1653044 |
| purification and characterization of peroxisomal apo and holo alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase from bird liver. | alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase has been reported to be present as the apo enzyme in the peroxisomes and as the holo enzyme in the mitochondria in chick (white leghorn) embryonic liver. however, surprisingly, birds were found to be classified into two groups on the basis of intraperoxisomal forms of liver alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. in the peroxisomes, the enzyme was present as the holo form in group 1 (pigeon, sparrow, java sparrow, australian budgerigar, canary, goose, and duck), ... | 1991 | 1654790 |
| identification of a novel transcription factor, acf, in cultured avian fibroblast cells that interacts with a marek's disease virus late gene promoter. | interactions between factors in duck and chick embryo fibroblast (def and cef, respectively) nuclear extracts and the marek's disease virus (mdv) gp57-65 gene promoter were investigated. results of in vitro transcription and gel mobility-shift assays indicated that multiple cellular factors interact with 5'-flanking sequences of the mdv gp57-65 gene. one sequence-specific dna binding activity (termed acf for avian cell factor(s)) was identified by interaction of def and cef nuclear extract prote ... | 1991 | 1656607 |
| effect of stresses before slaughter on changes to the physiological, biochemical and physical characteristics of duck muscle. | 1. this experiment was designed to study the effects of fasting and enforced exercise on the physiological, biochemical and physical characteristics of duck muscle. 2. sixty 75-d-old male ducks weighing 3.0 +/- 0.2 kg were assigned to three treatments: a control, and an 8 and 24 h fast plus enforced exercise for 10 min. the ducks were then sacrificed and the carcass stored at 4 degrees c for 24 h. 3. although the ph and serum lactate contents gradually increased with fasting time the responses w ... | 1991 | 1664782 |
| a technique for liver biopsy performed in pekin ducks using anesthesia with telazol. | infection of pekin ducks with duck hepatitis b virus is a useful model for studying the hepadenoviruses, of which human hepatitis b virus is the prototype. the utility of this model has been limited, however, by the difficulties associated with anesthetizing and obtaining liver biopsies from ducks. we developed a technique using telazol (13 mg/kg) to anesthetize ducks before surgical biopsy of the liver in ducks infected with duck hepatitis b virus. eight pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis ... | 1991 | 1666151 |
| synapse formation on trochlear motor neurons under conditions of increased and decreased cell death during development. | there is a normally occurring death of about half of the trochlear motor neurons during development. early removal of the target muscle results in death of almost all neurons whereas neuromuscular blockade prevents neuron death. the present investigation was undertaken to determine whether the number of central afferent synapses on motor neurons is altered under conditions which either accentuate cell loss or rescue neurons. the sole peripheral target of innervation of the trochlear motor neuron ... | 1991 | 1666482 |
| [duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) and viral dna in duck hepatocellular carcinoma and liver tissue]. | the hybridization test for duck hepatitis b virus dna was performed in 34 ducks with hepatoma from qidong, jiangsu province. among the 34 hepatoma ducks, 18 were positive for dhbv dna in the serum and 27 were positive in the tumor and/or liver tissue. tissue sections were stained with victoria blue nuclear fast red for detecting dhbv surface antigen. victoria blue positive cells were found in 11 tumors and 15 paratumorous regions of 23 ducks with hepatocellular carcinoma. although paratumorous r ... | 1991 | 1666870 |
| case-control study of cigarette smoking and primary hepatoma in an aflatoxin-endemic region of china: a protective effect. | aflatoxin is believed to be a major causative agent in the high incidence of primary liver cancer seen in certain regions of the world. in fujian province, an aflatoxin-endemic region of china, we compared the cigarette smoking habits of 200 primary hepatoma patients with those of 200 matched nonhepatoma controls. we excluded from our study all individuals with evidence of hepatitis b virus serum antigen and/or alcoholic cirrhosis. interestingly, two groups of hepatoma patients could be discerne ... | 1991 | 1668964 |
| an immunohistochemical study on the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic duck. | endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic duck were identified immunocytochemically using antisera specific to bombesin, chromogranin a, cholecystokinin (cck), gastrin, glucagon, neuron specific enolase (nse), neurotensin, secretin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), somatostatin, substance p and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip). chromogranin a, 5-ht and somatostatin immunoreactive cells were widespread throughout the gastrointestinal tract. bombesin immunoreactive cells were ... | 1991 | 1685096 |
| inhibition of duck hepatitis b virus replication in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine and related compounds. | we have adopted the in vitro hepatocyte culture system of the duck infected with duck hepatitis b virus (hdbv) to an anti-viral assay system. using this method, we found that 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine (n3dt) and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-o-methylthymidine (omet) had antiviral effects against dhbv replication in the concentrations of 20-50 mumol/l and 4-40 mumol/l, respectively. the n3dt inhibited the single strand dna formation (negative strand), which is an intermediate of virus replication. howev ... | 1991 | 1688076 |
| virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope on the duck hepatitis b virus pre-s protein. | in this study we used duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv)-infected pekin ducks and heron hepatitis b virus (hhbv)-infected heron tissue to search for epitopes responsible for virus neutralization on pre-s proteins. monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with purified dhbv particles. of 10 anti-dhbv specific hybridomas obtained, 1 was selected for this study. this monoclonal antibody recognized in both dhbv-infected livers and viremic sera a major (36-kilodalton) protein and several min ... | 1990 | 1689393 |
| polymerase gene products of hepatitis b viruses are required for genomic rna packaging as wel as for reverse transcription. | all reactions involving reverse transcription of rna are segregated from the cytosol within a subviral particle or capsid composed of the major capsid protein, the polymerase and the rna template. a key step in the formation of these particles is the selective encapsidation of the rna template. although an important general feature of the reverse transcription pathway, encapsidation has been carefully studied only for retroviruses. we have now examined the encapsidation reaction in a family of e ... | 1990 | 1690862 |
| epitope-specific antibody response to the surface antigen of duck hepatitis b virus in infected ducks. | in order to investigate the immune response to duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) infection, newly hatched dhbv dna negative ducklings were injected with infectious serum of sufficiently low dhbv-dna titer to allow clearance of viremia. of 20 injected ducklings, 13 (65%) became viremic. of these, 6 (46%) cleared virus from the serum 3 to 22 weeks postinjection. the convalescent sera of these 6 animals were tested for an epitope-specific antibody response in a highly specific competitive inhibition as ... | 1990 | 1693247 |
| mechanism of translation of the hepadnaviral polymerase (p) gene. | unlike many other reverse transcriptase genes, the polymerase (p) gene of the hepatitis b viruses is expressed by translational initiation from its own aug codon rather than by ribosomal frameshifting during translation of the overlapping core gene (c). to explore the mechanism of its translation, we have fused the p gene of duck hepatitis b virus to the bacterial lacz gene at a point 3' to the c-p overlap; this allows detection of the products of p translation with antisera to the lacz-encoded ... | 1990 | 1695011 |
| antiviral strategies in chronic hepatitis b virus infection: ii. inhibition of duck hepatitis b virus in vitro using conventional antiviral agents and supercoiled-dna active compounds. | primary duck hepatocyte (pdh) cultures, congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), were grown on feeder cell layers of irradiated human embryonic lung fibroblasts and then exposed to a number of compounds with recognized or potential antiviral activity. these compounds included conventional antiviral agents, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, compounds with activity to supercoiled-dna, and dna-binding agents. twenty-three compounds were evaluated, and 13 were found to inhibit s ... | 1990 | 1696959 |
| effects of insertional and point mutations on the functions of the duck hepatitis b virus polymerase. | the polymerase (p) gene of hepadnaviruses encodes a large polypeptide that appears to participate in several steps in the viral life cycle: packaging of viral rna, providing the primer for synthesis of minus-strand dna, synthesizing minus-strand dna from an rna template and plus-strand dna from a dna template, and degrading viral rna in rna-dna hybrids. to assist in the assignment of these functions to domains of the duck hepatitis b virus polymerase protein, we have constructed a series of subs ... | 1990 | 1698997 |
| [the genetic variability in the amylase isoenzymes of hybrid muscovy (cairina moshata) and domestic (anas platyrhynchos) ducks compared to the initial species]. | genetically conditioned polymorphism of alpha-amylases in musk ducks, domestic ones and their hybrids has been described. two isoenzymes (amy-1, amy-2) are in blood serum of the ducks. one of them is apparently formed in crope gland and other--in pancreas. amy-2 is monomorphic in both species. amy-2 is polymorphic with three alleles (amy-1a, amy-1b, amy-1b) in musk ducks and monomorphic in domestic ducks (amy-1c). the hybrids have also allele obtained by them from domestic ducks. | 1990 | 1700518 |
| regulation of histone h5 and h1 zero gene expression under the control of vaccinia virus-specific sequences in interferon-treated chick embryo fibroblasts. | the duck histone h5 and human h1 zero were inserted into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of vaccinia virus and the interferon sensitivity of their expression under the control of the viral tk and p7.5 promoters in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) was compared to the interferon sensitivity of vaccinia virus wr specific tk induction. expression and transport of these histones to the nucleus in cef infected with the appropriate vaccinia virus recombinants could be detected with antisera raised against ... | 1991 | 1703369 |
| peptide mapping of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes of duck hepatitis b virus pre-s polypeptide. | antibodies to the envelope proteins of duck hepatitis b virus neutralize viral infection in vitro. using a library of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the envelope proteins, we previously identified four neutralizing and two non-neutralizing epitopes on the pre-s region of the large envelope proteins. in this study we report the localization of all but one of these epitopes at the amino acid level. all but 28 nucleotides of the pre-s and s genes were cloned in puc vectors and expresse ... | 1991 | 1704654 |
| mutations affecting hepadnavirus plus-strand dna synthesis dissociate primer cleavage from translocation and reveal the origin of linear viral dna. | hepadnaviruses replicate their circular dna genomes via reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. the initial product of reverse transcription, minus-strand dna, contains two copies of a short direct repeat (dr) sequence, termed dr1 and dr2. plus-strand dna synthesis initiates at dr2 on minus-strand dna, using as a primer a short, dr1-containing oligoribonucleotide derived by cleavage and translocation from the 5' end of pregenomic rna. to clarify the sequence requirements for plus-strand pr ... | 1991 | 1704925 |
| differential occurrence and distribution of galanin in adrenal nerve fibres and medullary cells in rodent and avian species. | the presence and distribution of galanin (gal) in adrenal glands of rodent and avian species was investigated by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. gal immunoreactivity was found in all medullary cells of guinea pig, duck and chicken adrenals. in contrast, only a subpopulation of medullary cells stained for gal in phodopus (djungarian hamster) while the neuropeptide was completely missing in chromaffin cells of rat and pigeon. in rat, guinea pig and pigeon, gal-immunoreactive nerve fibres w ... | 1990 | 1705676 |
| evidence that less-than-full-length pol gene products are functional in hepadnavirus dna synthesis. | duck hepatitis b virus mutants containing frameshift or stop codon mutations in a portion of the viral pol gene separating the terminal protein and reverse transcriptase domains had a leaky phenotype and, depending on the location and type of mutation, synthesized up to 10% as much viral dna as did the wild type. this region of the pol gene had previously been reported to be refractory to missense mutations; in fact, the leakiness of most of our mutants appeared attributable to translational sup ... | 1991 | 1707980 |
| in vivo neutralization of duck hepatitis b virus by antibodies specific to the n-terminal portion of pre-s protein. | the neutralization of duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) infection using antibodies directed against the n-terminal portion of the large surface protein was examined in vitro and in vivo. we demonstrate here that a monoclonal antibody, directed against an epitope mapped between aa 77 and aa 100 on the dhbv pre-s, exerts a similar neutralizing activity (77%) both in vivo and in vitro. furthermore, we have found that a polyclonal antiserum raised against the bacterially expressed 131 first amino acids ... | 1991 | 1718087 |
| kinetic comparison of caiman epsilon-crystallin and authentic lactate dehydrogenases of vertebrates. | kinetic comparison of epsilon-crystallins isolated from the avian and reptilian species and the authentic lactate dehydrogenases (ldhs) was undertaken in order to clarify the identities of these structural lens proteins in relation to their enzymatic activity. caiman epsilon-crystallin similar to the previously characterized duck epsilon-crystallin appeared to possess a genuine and stable ldh activity as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium staining on polyacrylamide gels and conventional kinetic ... | 1991 | 1718308 |
| expression of duck lens delta-crystallin cdnas in yeast and bacterial hosts. delta 2-crystallin is an active argininosuccinate lyase. | the major soluble protein in the lenses of most birds and reptiles is delta-crystallin. in chickens and ducks the delta-crystallin gene has duplicated, and in the duck both genes contribute to the protein in the lens, while in the chicken lens there is a great preponderance of the delta 1 gene product. purified delta-crystallin has previously been shown to possess the enzymatic activity of argininosuccinate lyase. in order to determine the enzymatic properties of the two duck delta-crystallins t ... | 1991 | 1718993 |
| glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in adrenocortical and leydig cells of the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus). | in an immunocytochemical investigation of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in non-nervous system tissues ten anti-gfap antibodies were used on a range of normal adult organs from different species. all four polyclonal and six monoclonal antibodies revealed the expression of gfap in cells of the zona fasciculata and reticularis of the adrenal cortex and leydig cells of the syrian hamster. the chinese hamster, mole, rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, duck and man were neg ... | 1991 | 1720132 |
| occurrence of keratinophilic fungi on indian birds. | keratinophilic fungi were isolated from feathers of most common indian birds, viz. domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), domestic pigeon (columba livia), house sparrow (passer domesticus), house crow (corvus splendens), duck (anas sp.), rose-ringed parakeet (psittacula krameri). out of 87 birds, 58 yielded 4 keratinophilic fungal genera representing 13 fungal species and one sterile mycelium. the isolated fungi were cultured on sabouraud's dextrose agar at 28 +/- 2 degrees c. chrysosporium speci ... | 1991 | 1726608 |
| experimental analysis by site-directed mutagenesis of somatic mutation effects on affinity and fine specificity in antibodies specific for lysozyme. | to experimentally examine the functional roles of somatically derived structural variation in the lysozyme-binding mab hyhel-10, we have introduced three different point mutations and one insertion at two different sites in hyhel-10 by site-directed mutagenesis and expression of the mutant antibodies. mutation of asp----ala at position 101 of the h chain returns a somatically mutated residue to its germline sequence for hyhel-10, and reduces affinity for chicken lysozyme by approximately 9000-fo ... | 1992 | 1729369 |
| human non-hepatocytes support hepadnaviral replication and virion production. | the competence of non-hepatocytes to support hepatitis b virus (hbv) gene expression and replication was studied by transient transfection of various human cell lines with a head-to-tail dimer of hbv dna. independent of their neuroectodermal, mesenchymal or epithelial origin, all non-hepatocyte cell lines tested synthesized and secreted hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core/e antigen (hbc/eag). further analyses of two of these cell lines (ls 180 and colo 320) identified the tw ... | 1992 | 1730939 |
| the angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. | this is a comparative study of the vasculature of the integument and underlying deep tissues of a range of mammals and other vertebrates. the investigation was conducted in the pig, monkey, dog, cat, possum, guinea pig, rat, rabbit, duck, and toad. the results from each are compared not only to each other, but also to previously performed human studies. the arterial network of the fresh animal cadaver was injected with a mixture of lead oxide and gelatin. the vascular anatomy of the skin, deep t ... | 1992 | 1732886 |
| intracellular factors, but not virus receptor levels, influence the age-related outcome of dhbv infection of ducks. | previous serological studies of experimental infection with duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) have shown that the outcome of infection depends largely on the age of the duck at the time of inoculation. to examine the hypothesis that decreased susceptibility with increased age might be due to the loss of the virus receptor on hepatocyte membranes in adult ducks, we performed receptor binding studies using intact serum-derived dhbv virions and purified liver plasma membranes from both young ducklings ... | 1992 | 1733100 |
| common antigenic properties of a g-type (goose) and a c-type (duck) egg white lysozyme: antibody responses in rabbits and mice. | embden goose (gewl) and barbary duck (dewl) egg white lysozymes possess different amino acid sequences corresponding to the g-type and c-type, respectively. gewl was shown to be a better immunogen than dewl in both rabbits and mice. the antigenicity of the two lysozymes was tested using different techniques (i.e. indirect elisa, inhibition tests and immunoabsorption experiments). injection of either gewl or dewl into rabbits and mice induced both specific antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies ... | 1992 | 1737582 |
| rapid resolution of duck hepatitis b virus infections occurs after massive hepatocellular involvement. | a study was carried out to determine some of the factors that might distinguish transient from chronic hepadnavirus infection. first, to better characterize chronic infection, pekin ducks, congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), were used to assess age-dependent variations in viremia, percentage of dhbv-infected hepatocytes, and average levels of dna replication intermediates in the cytoplasm and of covalently closed circular dna in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes. level ... | 1992 | 1738197 |
| endocrinological and behavioral changes associated with the onset of incubation in the duck. | plasma levels of prolactin were measured during the onset of incubation in ducks. a rapid rise in prolactin levels from a mean of 5.7 to 33.1 ng/ml occurred during the formation of the final 20% of the clutch; during which the females increased their nest-box occupancy from 9.9 to 22.2 hours per day. a pronounced decrease in plasma progesterone levels, but not estradiol, occurred in females in the days immediately preceding the onset of incubation and termination of egg laying. a similar decreas ... | 1991 | 1745674 |
| characterization and chromatin distribution of the h1 histones and high-mobility-group non-histone chromosomal proteins of trout liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. | the h1 histones serve as general repressors of gene expression by inducing the formation of a compact chromatin structure, whereas the high-mobility-group (hmg) non-histone chromosomal proteins have roles in maintaining the structure and function of transcriptionally active chromatin. the distribution of the h1 histone subtypes and hmg proteins among various trout tissues (liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, testis and erythrocyte) was determined. histone h1b was present in the chromatin of liver, ... | 1991 | 1747124 |
| neuronal lysosome accumulation in degrading synapses of sensory-motor and limbic subsystems in the duck anas platyrhynchos: indication of rearrangements during avian brain development? | brains of developing duck embryos and ducklings were analysed daily by light microscopy after complete serial brain sectioning and lysosome staining (gallyas technique), providing insight into synaptic degradation and degeneration during short periods of synaptogenesis. both regional and temporal shifting pattern of lysosome accumulation (la) in degraded synapses were detected in sensory-motor pathways during the course of development. la occurred in sensory projections of embryos, and proceeded ... | 1991 | 1752216 |
| correlations of daily activity with avian cholera mortality among wildfowl. | we tested the hypothesis that wildfowl activities can influence the risk of avian cholera (pasteurella multocida infection) for susceptible birds at centerville, humboldt county, california (usa). avian cholera mortality characteristics from past epizootics were correlated with variations in flock size, habitat use and 11 feeding and nonfeeding behaviors among six empirically defined groups of wildfowl: american coots (fulica americana), tundra swans (cygnus columbianus), american wigeon (anas a ... | 1991 | 1758019 |
| accumulation and depuration of chlorinated phenolics in the freshwater mussel (anodonta anatina l.). | uptake from ambient water and the depuration of five chlorinated phenolics, two chloroguaiacols (3,4,5-tri- and tetrachloroguaiacol), and three chlorophenols (2,4,6-tri-, 2,3,4,6-tetra-, and pentachlorophenol) were studied in the duck mussel (anodonta anatina). groups of animals were exposed at four acclimiation temperatures (3, 8, 13, 18 degrees c) to four chlorophenolic concentrations (total 6-56 micrograms/liter). the depuration was monitored for 72 hr. for the analysis of individual chloroph ... | 1991 | 1769349 |
| partial uncoupling of salt gland blood flow and secretion in the pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos). | 1. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the blood flow through and the secretion by the salt glands of conscious, salt-water-adapted pekin ducks. 2. intravenous loading with hypertonic saline induced a steady-state secretion from the salt glands with a concomitant increase in whole-organ blood flow. the distribution of elevated local glandular blood flow was, however, uneven and in addition demonstrated vasomotor patterns that ranged from constant to rhythmic. 3. dur ... | 1991 | 1770434 |
| avian tandem repeats: nuclear protein binding sites and the origins of short tandem repetitive dnas. | a 14 bp repeat isolated from the genome of a mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) and a 13 bp repeat isolated from the genome of a muscovy duck (cairina moschata) were both tandem and genus-specific. there were 2.1 x 10(6) copies of the 14 bp repeat in the mallard duck genome and 1.3 x 10(6) copies of the 13 bp repeat in the muscovy duck genome. these two repeats were not obviously homologous but each contains different transcription protein binding sites. experimentally, the two repeats were also ... | 1991 | 1772445 |
| duck lymphocytes. iv. collective effects of mitogens. | duck (anas platyrhynchos) blood lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), lentil lectin (ll), roman snail lectin (hp), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), bandeiraea simplicifolia seed lectin (bss), peanut agglutinin (pna), horseshoe crab lectin (hsc) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). mitogens were used individually, in pairs, and in multiple combinations. some pairs resulted in synergism; transformation, assessed by up ... | 1991 | 1773860 |
| a comparison of the histone h1 complements of avian erythrocytes. | 1. histone h1 from chicken, turkey, duck and goose erythrocytes was resolved into six bands and that from quail into seven bands in an acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gel. 2. a fast migrating minor subtype h1.e was detected in avian erythrocytes using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. although histone subtype h1.z from quail, turkey and duck was well separated in acid-urea gel, a similar protein in goose was found only in two-dimensional gel. this spot was absent in chicken. ... | 1991 | 1773889 |
| [gasometric determination of carbon dioxide in carbano-apatites of calcified tissue]. | the determination of carbon dioxide in carbonato-apatites is carried out a new gasometric method. its application, in this paper, concerns the bones of skull and mandibles of cory's shearwater (calonectris diomedea borealis) and mallard (anas platyrhynchos). the results lead to appreciable differences between some organs of this two species. | 1991 | 1781603 |