| the intracellular bacterium wolbachia uses parasitoid wasps as phoretic vectors for efficient horizontal transmission. | facultative bacterial endosymbionts are associated with many arthropods and are primarily transmitted vertically from mother to offspring. however, phylogenetic affiliations suggest that horizontal transmission must also occur. such horizontal transfer can have important biological and agricultural consequences when endosymbionts increase host fitness. so far horizontal transmission is considered rare and has been difficult to document. here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and ... | 2015 | 25675099 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on the whitefly predator serangium japonicum (coleoptera: coccinellidae) through different exposure routes. | given expectations for a booming usage of thiamethoxam and increasing availability of the promising biological agent serangium japonicum for the control of bemisia tabaci in china, an evaluation of their compatibility is crucial for integrated pest management (ipm). this study examined the lethal and sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on s. japonicum through three exposure routes. an acute toxicity bioassay showed that lc50 values of thiamethoxam for s. japonicum through residue contact, egg-dip, ... | 2015 | 25655818 |
| naturally occurring bioactive compounds from four repellent essential oils against bemisia tabaci whiteflies. | in tropical countries, netting is an effective sustainable tool for protecting horticultural crops against lepidoptera, although not against small pests such as bemisia tabaci, while smaller mesh netting can be used in temperate regions. a solution is to combine a net with a repellent. previously we identified repellent essential oils: lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), cumin (cuminum cyminum) and citronella (cymbopogon winternarius). the present study was design ... | 2016 | 25641934 |
| transgenic plants expressing the aait/gna fusion protein show increased resistance and toxicity to both chewing and sucking pests. | the adoption of pest-resistant transgenic plants to reduce yield losses and decrease pesticide use has been successful. to achieve the goal of controlling both chewing and sucking pests in a given transgenic plant, we generated transgenic tobacco, arabidopsis, and rice plants expressing the fusion protein, aait/gna, in which an insecticidal scorpion venom neurotoxin (androctonus australis toxin, aait) is fused to snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalis agglutinin, gna). compared with transgenic tobac ... | 2016 | 25641865 |
| dynamics of the endosymbiont rickettsia in an insect pest. | a new heritable bacterial association can bring a fresh set of molecular capabilities, providing an insect host with an almost instantaneous genome extension. increasingly acknowledged as agents of rapid evolution, inherited microbes remain underappreciated players in pest management programs. a rickettsia bacterium was tracked sweeping through populations of an invasive whitefly provisionally described as the "b" or "meam1" of the bemisia tabaci species complex, in the southwestern usa. in this ... | 2015 | 25626393 |
| the dynamics and environmental influence on interactions between cassava brown streak disease and the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) is currently the most significant virus disease phenomenon affecting african agriculture. in this study, we report results from the most extensive set of field data so far presented for cbsd in africa. from assessments of 515 farmers' plantings of cassava, incidence in the coastal zone of tanzania (46.5% of plants; 87% of fields affected) was higher than in the lake zone (22%; 34%), but incidences for both zones were greater than previous published records. th ... | 2015 | 25585059 |
| transcriptome analysis of host-associated differentiation in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | host-associated differentiation is one of the driving forces behind the diversification of phytophagous insects. in this study, host induced transcriptomic differences were investigated in the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci, an invasive agricultural pest worldwide. comparative transcriptomic analyses using coding sequence (cds), 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utr) showed that sequence divergences between the original host plant, cabbage, and the derived hosts, including cotton, cucumber an ... | 2014 | 25540625 |
| normal adult survival but reduced bemisia tabaci oviposition rate on tomato lines carrying an introgression from s. habrochaites. | host plant resistance has been proposed as one of the most promising approaches in whitefly management. already in 1995 two quantitative trait loci (tv-1 and tv-2) originating from s. habrochaites cgn1.1561 were identified that reduced the oviposition rate of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum). after this first study, several others identified qtls affecting whitefly biology as well. generally, the qtls affecting oviposition were highly correlated with a reduction in whitefly su ... | 2014 | 25539894 |
| amblyseius swirskii: what made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent? | the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii quickly became one of the most successful biocontrol agents in protected cultivation after its introduction into the market in 2005 and is now released in more than 50 countries. there are several key factors contributing to this success: (1) it can control several major pests including the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, the whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum and the broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus, simultaneou ... | 2015 | 25524511 |
| induced changes in the antioxidative compounds of vigna mungo genotypes due to infestation by bemisia tabaci (gennadius). | antioxidative compounds were quantified from the leaves of nine black gram (vigna mungo (l.) hepper) genotypes over a period of two years, for potential whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleryrodidae) resistance. oviposition preference, nymphal and adult development were evaluated under screen-house conditions. biochemical analysis revealed that higher per cent increase in the total phenol and o-dihydroxy phenol contents both at 30 and 50 days after sowing was evident in moderatel ... | 2014 | 25522503 |
| members of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) cryptic species and the status of two invasive alien species in the yunnan province (china). | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex that includes some of the most significant pests of agriculture and horticulture worldwide. to understand the diversity and distribution of b. tabaci cryptic species in yunnan, a famous biodiversity hotspot in china, a large-scale sampling was conducted from year 2010 to 2013 in 10 prefectures. mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene sequences were used to identify different cryptic species. phylogenetic analyses we ... | 2014 | 25502045 |
| intra- and interspecific competition between western flower thrips and sweetpotato whitefly. | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), are both invasive insect pests and are present in most of the same agricultural crops without a clear dominance of either species. here, intra- and interspecific competition in b. tabaci and f. occidentalis was determined under controlled experiments. the results showed that intraspecific competition was distinct in f. occidentalis and that the co-occurrence of b. tabaci ha ... | 2014 | 25480973 |
| non-invasive delivery of dsgst is lethal to the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (g.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (g.) biotype b (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is one of the most economically important pest, by being a dreaded vector of geminiviruses, and also causes direct damage to the crops by sucking phloem sap. glutathione s-transferase (gst) is a large family of multifunctional enzymes that play pivotal roles in the detoxification of secondary allelochemical produced by the host plants and in insecticide resistance, thus regulates insect growth and development. the ... | 2015 | 25480347 |
| sensitivity of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) to several new insecticides in china: effects of insecticide type and whitefly species, strain, and stage. | whitefly biotypes b and q are the two most damaging members of the bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) species complex. control of b. tabaci (and especially of q) has been impaired by resistance to commonly used insecticides. to find new insecticides for b. tabaci management in china, we investigated the sensitivity of eggs, larvae, and adults of laboratory strains of b and q (named lab-b and lab-q) and field strains of q to several insecticides. for eggs, larvae, and adults of b. tabaci and ... | 2014 | 25434040 |
| functional response, host stage preference and interference of two whitefly parasitoids. | the functional responses of two parasitoids, eretmocerus hayati zolnerowich & rose and encarsia sophia girault & dodd, of whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius middle east-asia minor 1 were studied under laboratory conditions. in addition, the influence of host density and host stage on the competitive interactions between the two parasitoids, and biological control effect on whitefly were evaluated. in the functional response study, adult parasitoids were tested individually, with a conspecific or ... | 2016 | 25393924 |
| foraging behaviour of the parasitoid eretmocerus eremicus under intraguild predation risk by macrolophus pygmaeus. | intraguild predation (igp), predation between species that use a common resource, can affect the populations of a pest, of the pest's natural enemy (ig prey) and of the predator of the pest's natural enemy (ig predator). in this study, we determined whether the parasitoid eretmocerus eremicus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) (ig prey), modifies its foraging behaviour under the risk of igp by macrolophus pygmaeus (hemiptera: miridae) (ig predator). parasitoid behaviour was analysed using two bioassays ... | 2015 | 25377901 |
| bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | forty-one methanol extracts of 28 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), adults and second nymphal instars under controlled conditions. this study is within a bioprospection context, in the form of utilizing local plant species as an alternative in sustainable agriculture development. eighteen and nine plant extracts caused a significant decrease in number of live adult and ny ... | 2014 | 25373231 |
| identification and evaluation of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (asia i) by reverse transcription quantitative realtime pcr. | this study presents a reliable method for performing reverse transcription quantitative realtime pcr (rt-qpcr) to measure gene expression in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (asia i) (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), utilising suitable reference genes for data normalisation. we identified orthologs of commonly used reference genes (actin (act), cyclophilin 1 (cyp1), elongation factor 1α (ef1a), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), ribosomal protein l13a (rpl13a), and α-tubulin (tub1a ... | 2014 | 25373210 |
| six new record species of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) infesting morus alba in china. | to determine the species of whiteflies occurring on mulberry, morus alba l. (rosales: moraceae) in china, we collected samples in more than 87 sites in 16 provinces of china from 2008 to 2011. in total, 10 species, representing seven genera of the subfamily aleyrodinae, were identified. of these, six species are newly recorded on mulberry in china, namely, aleuroclava ficicola takahashi, aleuroclava gordoniae (takahashi), aleurotrachelus camelliae (kuwana), bemisia afer (priesner & hosny), bemis ... | 2014 | 25368095 |
| trade-offs between survival, longevity, and reproduction, and variation of survival tolerance in mediterranean bemisia tabaci after temperature stress. | the invasive mediterranean bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) has emerged as one of the most common agricultural pests in the world. in the present study, we examined the cross-tolerance, fitness costs, and benefits of thermal tolerance and the variation in the responses of life history traits after heat-shock selection. the results showed that survival and longevity of mediterranean b. tabaci were decreased significantly after direct or cross temperature stress and that the num ... | 2014 | 25368068 |
| effects of rearing host species on the host-feeding capacity and parasitism of the whitefly parasitoid encarsia formosa. | parasitoids of the encarsia genus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) are important biological control agents against whiteflies. some of the species in this genus not only parasitize their hosts, but also kill them through host feeding. the whitefly parasitoid, encarsia formosa gahan, was examined to determine whether the rearing host species affects its subsequent host-feeding capacity and parasitism. e. formosa wasps were reared on trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and bemi ... | 2014 | 25368062 |
| isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b. | nine microsatellites were isolated from bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b and screened across 60 individuals from two populations (biotype b) to examine polymorphism. two to 12 alleles were observed per locus. observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.033 to 0.967 and 0.033 to 0.854, respectively. there was no significant deviation from hardy-weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium between loci. one locus showed evidence for null alleles. these loci will be u ... | 2014 | 25347838 |
| increased survival and prolonged longevity mainly contribute to the temperature-adaptive evolutionary strategy in invasive bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) middle east asia minor 1. | with increasing global climate change, analyses of stress-inducing conditions have important significance in ecological adaptation and the biological distribution of species. to reveal the difference in temperature-adaptive strategy between turpan and beijing populations of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) middle east asia minor 1 (meam1) under high-temperature stress conditions, we compared thermal tolerance and life history traits between beijing and turpan populations of meam1 after exposure to dif ... | 2014 | 25347834 |
| low levels of mitochondrial dna and symbiont diversity in the worldwide agricultural pest, the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | trialeurodes vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. little is known about the genetic diversity of t. vaporariorum and the bacterial symbionts associated with this species. here, we undertook a large phylogeographic study by investigating both the mitochondrial (mt) diversity and the infection status of 38 t. vaporariorum collections from 18 countries around the world. genetic diversity of t. vaporariorum was studied by analyzing sequence data from the mt cyt ... | 2014 | 25297658 |
| optimal strategies for interception, detection, and eradication in plant biosecurity. | the introduction of invasive species causes damages from the economic and ecological point of view. interception of plant pests and eradication of the established populations are two management options to prevent or limit the risk posed by an invasive species. management options generate costs related to the interception at the point of entry, and the detection and eradication of established field populations. risk managers have to decide how to allocate resources between interception, field det ... | 2015 | 25263711 |
| transient receptor potential is essential for high temperature tolerance in invasive bemisia tabaci middle east asia minor 1 cryptic species. | temperature is an important factor in affecting population dynamics and diffusion distribution of organisms. alien species can successfully invade and colonize to various temperature environments, and one of important reasons is that alien species have a strong resistance to stress temperature. recently, researchers have focused on the mechanisms of temperature sensing to determine the sensing and regulation mechanisms of temperature adaptation. the transient receptor potential (trp) is one of t ... | 2014 | 25254364 |
| developing conversed microsatellite markers and their implications in evolutionary analysis of the bemisia tabaci complex. | the study of population genetics among the bemisia tabaci complex is limited due to the lack of conserved molecular markers. in this study, 358, 433 and 322 new polynucleotide microsatellites are separately identified from the transcriptome sequences of three cryptic species of the b. tabaci complex. the cross species transferability of 57 microsatellites was then experimentally validated. the results indicate that these markers are conserved and have high inter-taxon transferability. thirteen m ... | 2014 | 25220501 |
| first report of bemisia tabaci mediterranean (q biotype) species in brazil. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci is a major cosmopolitan pest and comprises a complex of more than 36 cryptic species that cause serious damage to agricultural crops worldwide. in this study, the mediterranean species of b. tabaci, formerly known as q biotype, was identified for the first time in brazil. | 2015 | 25212515 |
| rna interference of the p450 cyp6cm1 gene has different efficacy in b and q biotypes of bemisia tabaci. | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases have been proven to be associated with high resistance in bemisia tabaci b biotype (middle east-asia minor 1 genetic group) and q biotype (mediterranean genetic group) to the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. in this study, the rna interference (rnai) effects on p450 cyp6cm1 gene expression, mortality and pesticide-detoxifying ability between b. tabaci b and q biotypes were compared in an attempt to provide a basis for potential rnai application in management of ... | 2015 | 25200527 |
| no exception to the rule: candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum cell wall revisited. | many insect endosymbionts described so far are gram-negative bacteria. primary endosymbionts are obligatory bacteria usually harboured by insects inside vacuoles in specialized cells called bacteriocytes. this combination produces a typical three-membrane system with one membrane derived from the insect vacuole and the other two from the bacterial gram-negative cell envelope, composed by the cell wall (the outer membrane plus the periplasmic space) and the plasma membrane (the inner membrane). f ... | 2014 | 25196985 |
| ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of an autoparasitoid encarsia sophia (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | encarsia sophia (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) is a parasitoid utilized for biological control of bemisia tabaci, with selection of prey aided by chemoreceptor organs. the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla (chemoreceptors) of e. sophia were examined using transmission electron micrographs. the total antennal length for e. sophia was 429.28±0.95 μm for females and 437.19±8.21 for males, and each antennae was found to consist of seven sensilla of different types. both sexes possesse ... | 2014 | 25154352 |
| cross-resistance and baseline susceptibility of mediterranean strains of bemisia tabaci to cyantraniliprole. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius is a severe pest in many field and greenhouse crops worldwide and has developed resistance to insecticides from most chemical classes. the ease with which this pest develops resistance makes it essential to incorporate new compounds with different modes of action and no cross-resistance with those previously used into insecticide resistance management strategies. to that end, the systemic effect of the new diamide cyantraniliprole was tested with multiresist ... | 2015 | 25138719 |
| dna barcoding of bemisia tabaci complex (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) reveals southerly expansion of the dominant whitefly species on cotton in pakistan. | although whiteflies (bemisia tabaci complex) are an important pest of cotton in pakistan, its taxonomic diversity is poorly understood. as dna barcoding is an effective tool for resolving species complexes and analyzing species distributions, we used this approach to analyze genetic diversity in the b. tabaci complex and map the distribution of b. tabaci lineages in cotton growing areas of pakistan. | 2014 | 25099936 |
| diversity and evolution of the wolbachia endosymbionts of bemisia (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) whiteflies. | wolbachia is the most prevalent symbiont described in arthropods to date. wolbachia can manipulate host reproduction, provide nutrition to insect hosts and protect insect hosts from pathogenic viruses. so far, 13 supergroups of wolbachia have been identified. the whitefly bemisia tabaci is a complex containing more than 28 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. some cryptic species of this complex are invasive. in this study, we report a comprehensive survey of wolbachia in b. tabaci ... | 2014 | 25077022 |
| variations in the identity and complexity of endosymbiont combinations in whitefly hosts. | the target of natural selection is suggested to be the holobiont - the organism together with its associated symbiotic microorganisms. the well-defined endosymbiotic communities of insects make them a useful model for exploring the role of symbiotic interactions in shaping the functional repertoire of plants and animals. here, we studied the variations in the symbiotic communities of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) by compiling a dataset of over 2000 individuals ... | 2014 | 25071729 |
| heritability and evolutionary potential in thermal tolerance traits in the invasive mediterranean cryptic species of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | with advancing global climate change, the analysis of thermal tolerance and evolutionary potential is important in explaining the ecological adaptation and changes in the distribution of invasive species. to reveal the variation of heat resistance and evolutionary potential in the invasive mediterranean cryptic species of bemisia tabaci, we selected two chinese populations-one from harbin, n china, and one from turpan, s china-that experience substantial heat and cold stress and conducted knockd ... | 2014 | 25054554 |
| cloning and expression analysis of g-protein gαq subunit and gβ1 subunit from bemisia tabaci gennadius (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | the heterotrimeric g proteins play an essential role in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways, mediating the process of chemical signals from the environment in all higher eukaryotic organisms. in this article, two g-protein subunit genes encoding gαq and gβ1 were cloned from bemisia tabaci gennadius. the full-length cdna sequence of btgαq consisted of 2,336 bp with an orf of 1,062 bp encoding 353 amino acids and btgβ1 had a full length of 1,942 bp with an orf of 1,023 nucleotides encod ... | 2014 | 25042293 |
| demographic trends in mixed bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) cryptic species populations in commercial poinsettia under biological control- and insecticide-based management. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is an economically important pest of agricultural and ornamental plants worldwide and is now widely recognized as a cryptic species complex. in north america, b. tabaci is a particularly important pest of greenhouse poinsettia. in poinsettia production, two cryptic species from the b. tabaci complex, mediterranean and middle east minor 1, often infest crops simultaneously. differences in pesticide susceptibility between these two cryptic species have the potential to i ... | 2014 | 25026676 |
| an epg study of the probing behavior of adult bemisia tabaci biotype q (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) following exposure to cyantraniliprole. | cyantraniliprole is a novel insecticide for control of multiple chewing and sucking insect pest species including the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius), which is one of the most important polyphagous pests in tropical, subtropical, and mediterranean regions. this study aims to evaluate the effects of cyantraniliprole on the probing behavior of b. tabaci on tomato. electrical penetration graph data indicated that on plants treated with cyantraniliprole (foliar application), adult wh ... | 2014 | 25026647 |
| [biotypes and phylogenetic analysis of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in china]. | bemisia tabaci (genn.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is considered taxonomically as a species complex and could cause serious damages to crops by directly feeding on phloem and/or indirectly transmission of plant viruses. in this study, biotypes and phylogenetic relationships of 33 geographic populations of b. tabaci collected from nine provinces of china in 2010 and 2011 were studied based on the mitochondrial coi gene. the results showed there were a total of six biotypes of b. tabaci (b, q, zhj-1, ... | 2014 | 25011310 |
| host selection by the autoparasitoid encarsia pergandiella on primary (bemisia tabaci) and secondary (eretmocerus mundus) hosts. | in autoparasitoids, females are generally primary endoparasitoids of hemiptera, while males are hyperparasitoids developing in or on conspecific females or other primary parasitoids. female-host acceptance can be influenced by extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors. in this paper, we are concerned with intrinsic factors such as nutritional status, mating status, etc. we observed the behavior of encarsia pergandiella howard (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) females when parasitizing primary (3rd instar larv ... | 2015 | 24992443 |
| in silico prediction of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) encoded micrornas targets in the genome of cotton leaf curl allahabad virus. | cotton leaf curl allahabad virus (clcuav) belongs to genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae. it has single stranded monopartite dna genome transmitted by whitefly (bemisia tabaci). micrornas (mirnas) belong to class of endogeneous small rnas which suppress expression of genes following cleavage or translational inhibition of target messenger rnas. they are demonstrated to be involved in a number of plant processes such as, development, biotic and abiotic stresses. employing in silico approach, ... | 2014 | 24966530 |
| complete mitochondrial dna genome of bemisia tabaci cryptic pest species complex asia i (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the complete length of the asia i member of the bemisia tabaci species complex mitochondrial dna genome (mitogenome) is 15,210 bp (genbank accession no. kj778614) with an a-t biased nucleotide composition (a: 32.7%; t: 42.4%; g: 14.0%; c: 10.8%). the mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), 22 transfer rnas (trnas), 2 ribosomal rna (rrnas) and a 467 bp putative control region which also includes the a+t rich repeat region. all pcgs have an ata (n = 8) or atg (n = 5) start codon. ge ... | 2016 | 24960562 |
| transcriptomic analyses reveal the adaptive features and biological differences of guts from two invasive whitefly species. | the gut of phloem feeding insects is critical for nutrition uptake and xenobiotics degradation. however, partly due to its tiny size, genomic information for the gut of phloem feeding insects is limited. | 2014 | 24885120 |
| detection of genetically isolated entities within the mediterranean species of bemisia tabaci: new insights into the systematics of this worldwide pest. | the taxonomy of the species complex bemisia tabaci, a serious agricultural pest worldwide, is not well resolved yet, even though species delimitation is critical for designing effective control strategies. based on a threshold of 3.5% mitochondrial (mtcoi) sequence divergence, recent studies have identified 28 putative species. among them, mitochondrial variability associated with particular symbiotic compositions (=cytotypes) can be observed, as in med, which raises the question of whether it i ... | 2015 | 24863547 |
| transcriptional response of virus-infected cassava and identification of putative sources of resistance for cassava brown streak disease. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is a major food staple in sub-saharan africa, which is severely affected by cassava brown streak disease (cbsd). the aim of this study was to identify resistance for cbsd as well as to understand the mechanism of putative resistance for providing effective control for the disease. three cassava varieties; kaleso, kiroba and albert were inoculated with cassava brown streak viruses by grafting and also using the natural insect vector the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. kaleso ... | 2014 | 24846209 |
| evidence for adaptive divergence of thermal responses among bemisia tabaci populations from tropical colombia following a recent invasion. | there is an increasing evidence that populations of ectotherms can diverge genetically in response to different climatic conditions, both within their native range and (in the case of invasive species) in their new range. here, we test for such divergence in invasive whitefly bemisia tabaci populations in tropical colombia, by considering heritable variation within and between populations in survival and fecundity under temperature stress, and by comparing population differences with patterns es ... | 2014 | 24800647 |
| species and endosymbiont diversity of bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) on vegetable crops in senegal. | bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in africa. however, to date, few studies are available on the diversity of b. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in africa. more than 28 species have been described in the complex of b. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide: med and meam1. in order to assess the species diversity of b. tabaci in vegetable crops in senegal, several samplings in different localit ... | 2015 | 24789572 |
| differential responses of the whitefly bemisia tabaci symbionts to unfavorable low and high temperatures. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex contains many cryptic species, of which the middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1) and mediterranean (med) are notorious invasive pests. in our field-collected whitefly samples, meam1 harbors an obligate primary symbiont "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" and two secondary symbionts, "candidatus hamiltonella defensa" and rickettsia sp., whereas med has only "ca. portiera aleyrodidarum" and "ca. hamiltonella defensa." both "ca. portiera aleyrodidarum" and "ca. hamil ... | 2014 | 24788211 |
| bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by cross-order transfection of wolbachia: implications for control of the host population. | wolbachia are widespread endosymbionts in arthropods and some nematodes. this genus of bacteria is known to manipulate host reproduction by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). this important phenotype is implicated in the control of host populations since wolbachia can suppress host populations through the induction of ci in a way similar to the sterile insect technique. here, we identified a candidate ci-inducing wolbachia strain from the parasitic wasp scleroderma guani (wsgubj) by sequ ... | 2014 | 24787986 |
| baseline susceptibility of bemisia tabaci b biotype (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) populations from california and arizona to spirotetramat. | baseline toxicity levels to foliarly applied spirotetramat were established for 19 field populations of whiteflies, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype (=bemisia argentifolii bellows & perring) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) from arizona and california in 2008 and 2009. the susceptibility data were determined against the second instar of b. tabaci field collections before the registration and widespread use of spirotetramat in california. three strains of whitefly, resistant to either bifenthrin, imi ... | 2014 | 24772560 |
| repellent effect of alphacypermethrin-treated netting against bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | for > 20 yr, bemisia tabaci gennadius persists as a begomovirus vector and is a serious problem in tomato production in many parts of the world. in tropical countries, the use of netting to protect horticultural crops has proven to be an effective and sustainable tool against lepidoptera but not against small insects. this study evaluated the repellent effect of agronet 0.9t, a 0.9-mm pore diameter and 40-mesh size netting treated with alphacypermethrin insecticide against b. tabaci. this pyreth ... | 2014 | 24772550 |
| use of honeydew production to determine reduction in feeding by bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) adults when exposed to cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid treatments. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) whitefly populations produce economically important damage to crops by their direct feeding and also by transmitting plant viruses. although there are several methods to reduce b. tabaci damage, most growers rely on the use of insecticides to decrease populations of this pest. insecticides that reduce feeding of whitefly adults may also reduce the transmission of viruses that are harmful to crop plants. however, demonstrating the feeding reduction has proved challengin ... | 2014 | 24772533 |
| movement of cyantraniliprole in plants after foliar applications and its impact on the control of sucking and chewing insects. | given the physical properties of insecticides, there is often some movement of these compounds within crop plants following foliar application. in this context, movement of two formulations of cyantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide, was characterized for translocation to new growth, distribution within a leaf and penetration through the leaf cuticle. | 2015 | 24771486 |
| characteristics, phenotype, and transmission of wolbachia in the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), and its parasitoid eretmocerus sp. nr. emiratus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | wolbachia is a common intracellular bacterial endosymbiont of insects, causing a variety of effects including reproductive manipulations such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). in this study, we characterized wolbachia in the whitefly bemisia tabaci and in the whitefly parasitoid eretmocerus sp. nr. emiratus. we also tested for horizontal transmission of wolbachia between and within trophic levels, and we determined the phenotype of wolbachia in e. sp. nr. emiratus. using multilocus sequence t ... | 2014 | 24763092 |
| binding of insecticidal lectin colocasia esculenta tuber agglutinin (cea) to midgut receptors of bemisia tabaci and lipaphis erysimi provides clues to its insecticidal potential. | the insecticidal potential of galanthus nivalis agglutinin-related lectins against hemipterans has been experimentally proven. however, the basis behind the toxicity of these lectins against hemipterans remains elusive. the present study elucidates the molecular basis behind insecticidal efficacy of colocasia esculenta tuber agglutinin (cea) against bemisia tabaci and lipaphis erysimi. confocal microscopic analyses highlighted the binding of 25 kda stable homodimeric lectin to insect midgut. lig ... | 2014 | 24753494 |
| survey on whiteflies and their parasitoids in cassava mosaic pandemic areas of tanzania using morphological and molecular techniques. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is the vector of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) and cassava brown streak viruses (cbsvs) in africa, which cause devastating yield losses. as a prerequisite to developing biological control methods and enhancing knowledge of the fauna of whitefly parasitoids in sub-saharan africa, endemic parasitoids were surveyed in the cassava-growing regions of tanzania and analysed using both morphological and molecular methods. an attempt was made to corroborate the identifica ... | 2015 | 24753389 |
| genetic structure of the whitefly bemisia tabaci populations in colombia following a recent invasion. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is one of the most important pests causing economic losses in a variety of cropping systems around the world. this species was recently found in a coastal region of colombia and has now spread inland. to investigate this invasive process, the genetic structure of b. tabaci was examined in 8 sampling locations from 2 infested regions (coastal, inland) using 9 microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial coi gene. the mitochondrial analysis indicated that on ... | 2015 | 24753322 |
| direct and indirect impacts of infestation of tomato plant by myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) on bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the impacts of infestation by the green peach aphid (myzus persicae) on sweetpotato whitefly (bemisia tabaci) settling on tomato were determined in seven separate experiments with whole plants and with detached leaves through manipulation of four factors: durations of aphid infestation, density of aphids, intervals between aphid removal after different durations of infestation and the time of whitefly release, and leaf positions on the plants. the results demonstrated that b. tabaci preferred to ... | 2014 | 24710393 |
| biology and management of bemisia whitefly vectors of cassava virus pandemics in africa. | cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak disease are caused by viruses transmitted by bemisia tabaci and affect approximately half of all cassava plants in africa, resulting in annual production losses of more than $us 1 billion. a historical and current bias towards virus rather than vector control means that these diseases continue to spread, and high bemisia populations threaten future virus spread even if the extant strains and species are controlled. progress has been made in parts o ... | 2014 | 24706604 |
| nuclear and cytoplasmic differentiation among mediterranean populations of bemisia tabaci: testing the biological relevance of cytotypes. | the taxonomy of the species complex bemisia tabaci is still an unresolved issue. recently, phylogenetic analysis based on mtcoi identified 31 cryptic species. however, mitochondrial diversity is observed within these species, associated with distinct symbiotic bacterial communities forming associations, which here are called cytotypes. the authors investigated the biological significance of two cytotypes (q1 and q2) belonging to the mediterranean species, which have only been found in allopatry ... | 2014 | 24706597 |
| multilocus approach to clarify species status and the divergence history of the bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) species complex. | the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is a highly differentiated species complex. despite consisting of several morphologically indistinguishable entities and frequent invasions on all continents with important associated economic losses, the phylogenetic relationships, species status, and evolutionary history of this species complex is still debated. we sequenced and analyzed one mitochondrial and three single-copy nuclear genes from 9 of the 12 genetic groups of b. tabaci and 5 closely re ... | 2014 | 24685497 |
| records of natural enemies of bemisia tabaci (genn.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b in brazil. | collections of natural enemies of bemisia tabaci biotype b (genn.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) were made in lavras, state of minas gerais, brazil. in the greenhouse, 6,495 predators and 16,628 parasitoids belonging to three families were collected. in the field, 267 predators and 344 parasitoids belonging to five families were found. for the first time in brazil, five species of predators associated with this whitefly were reported. because of the diversity of natural enemies of b. tabaci biotype b ... | 2014 | 27193527 |
| fumigant toxicity of summer savory and lemon balm oil constituents and efficacy of spray formulations containing the oils to b- and neonicotinoid-resistant q-biotypes of bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | an assessment was made of the fumigant toxicity of 36 constituents from lemon balm oil (lbo) and summer savory oil (sso) and another additional nine previously identified compounds of the oils, as well as of the control efficacy of four experimental spray formulations containing individual oils (0.5 and 0.1% sprays) and spinosad 10% suspension concentrate (sc) to females from b- and neonicotinoid-resistant q-biotypes of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae). based on 24-h lc50 valu ... | 2014 | 24665712 |
| evidence for rapid spatiotemporal changes in genetic structure of an alien whitefly during initial invasion. | the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci q species is a recent invader and important pest of agricultural crops in china. this research tested the hypothesis that the q populations that establish in agricultural fields in northern china each year are derived from multiple secondary introductions and/or local populations that overwinter in greenhouses (the pest cannot survive winters in the field in northern china). here, we report the evidence that the q populations in agricultural fields mainly ... | 2014 | 24637851 |
| begomovirus diversity in tomato crops and weeds in ecuador and the detection of a recombinant isolate of rhynchosia golden mosaic yucatan virus infecting tomato. | viral diseases caused by begomoviruses are of economic importance due to their adverse effects on the production of tropical and subtropical crops. in ecuador, despite reports of significant infestations of bemisia tabaci in the late 1990s, only very recently has a begomovirus, tomato leaf deformation virus (toldev, also present in peru), been reported in tomato. toldev is the first monopartite begomovirus discovered that originated in the americas, and its presence in ecuador highlights the nee ... | 2014 | 24623091 |
| enhanced whitefly resistance in transgenic tobacco plants expressing double stranded rna of v-atpase a gene. | expression of double strand rna (dsrna) designed against important insect genes in transgenic plants have been shown to give protection against pests through rna interference (rnai), thus opening the way for a new generation of insect-resistant crops. we have earlier compared the efficacy of dsrnas/sirnas, against a number of target genes, for interference in growth of whitefly (bemisia tabaci) upon oral feeding. the v-atpase subunit a (v-atpasea) coding gene was identified as a crucial target. ... | 2014 | 24595215 |
| the endosymbiont hamiltonella increases the growth rate of its host bemisia tabaci during periods of nutritional stress. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) harbors several bacterial symbionts. among the secondary (facultative) symbionts, hamiltonella has high prevalence and high infection frequencies, suggesting that it may be important for the biology and ecology of its hosts. previous reports indicated that hamiltonella increases whitefly fitness and, based on the complete sequencing of its genome, may have the ability to synthesize cofactors and amino acids that are required by its ... | 2014 | 24558462 |
| plant-mediated whitefly-begomovirus interactions: research progress and future prospects. | plant-mediated interactions between begomoviruses and whiteflies exert important influences on the population dynamics of vectors and the epidemiology of plant diseases. in this article, we synthesize the relevant literature to identify patterns to the interactions. we then review studies on the ecological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions and finally elaborate on the most interesting issues for future research. the interactions between begomoviruses and the insec ... | 2014 | 24548638 |
| host suitability comparison between the meam1 and asiaii 1 cryptic species of bemisia tabaci in cotton-growing zones of pakistan. | bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex. in pakistan, members of the complex, meam1 and asiaii 1, are the predominant species infesting cotton. the biology of the two on cotton, collard, cucumber and tomato was studied. | 2014 | 24535683 |
| effects of reproductive interference on the competitive displacement between two invasive whiteflies. | reproductive interference is one of the major factors mediating species exclusion among insects. the cryptic species middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1) and mediterranean (med) of the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex have invaded many parts of the world and often exhibit niche overlap and reproductive interference. however, contrasting patterns of competitive displacement between the two invaders have been observed between regions such as those in usa and china. understanding the roles of reproducti ... | 2014 | 24521733 |
| expression profiling in bemisia tabaci under insecticide treatment: indicating the necessity for custom reference gene selection. | finding a suitable reference gene is the key for qrt-pcr analysis. however, none of the reference gene discovered thus far can be utilized universally under various biotic and abiotic experimental conditions. in this study, we further examine the stability of candidate reference genes under a single abiotic factor, insecticide treatment. after being exposed to eight commercially available insecticides, which belong to five different classes, the expression profiles of eight housekeeping genes in ... | 2014 | 24498122 |
| dynamics of biotypes b and q of the whitefly bemisia tabaci and its impact on insecticide resistance. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a key pest in many agricultural crops, including vegetables, ornamentals and field crops. b. tabaci is known for its genetic diversity, which is expressed in a complex of biotypes or, as recently suggested, a complex of distinct cryptic species. the biotypes are largely differentiated on the basis of biochemical or molecular polymorphism and differ in characteristics such as host plant range, attraction by natural enemies, secon ... | 2014 | 24488629 |
| detoxification enzymes of bemisia tabaci b and q: biochemical characteristics and gene expression profiles. | the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is one of the most invasive and destructive pests of field crops worldwide. the sibling species b and q are the two most damaging members of the b. tabaci species complex. that q is more resistant than b to many insecticides has been well documented. over the last decade, q has gradually displaced b and has become the dominant form of b. tabaci in field agricultural systems in most parts of china. to help understand t ... | 2014 | 24488614 |
| efficiency of plant induced volatiles in attracting encarsia formosa and serangium japonicum, two dominant natural enemies of whitefly bemisia tabaci in china. | whitefly bemisia tabaci is a globally distributed and most destructive pest to agriculture. owing to increasing chemical resistance, a long-lasting strategy to manage this pest must involve biological control. herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) usually play a profoundly important role in the foraging behaviour of natural enemies. here, the effects of hipvs from chinese broccoli on the foraging behaviour of two dominant natural enemy species of b. tabaci in china, encarsia formosa and sera ... | 2014 | 24488542 |
| biotype expression and insecticide response of bemisia tabaci chemosensory protein-1. | chemosensory proteins (csps) are a group of small soluble proteins found so far exclusively in arthropod species. these proteins act in chemical communication and perception. in this study, a gene encoding the type 1 csp (btabcsp1) from the agricultural pest bemisia tabaci (whitefly) was analyzed to understand sequence variation and expression specificity in different biotypes. sequence analysis of btabcsp1 showed significant differences between the two genetically characterized biotypes, b and ... | 2014 | 24478049 |
| adaptation to nicotine in the facultative tobacco-feeding hemipteran bemisia tabaci. | plant defensive metabolites such as nicotine can provide barriers to host-range expansion by generalist herbivores. nicotine is one of the most abundant and toxic plant secondary metabolites in nature and is defined by high toxicity to plant-feeding insects. there is significant variation in nicotine tolerance among bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) isolates. some nicotine-tolerant b. tabaci strains can consume 40-fold higher nicotine levels than susceptible strains, and also show cross-resistan ... | 2014 | 24464822 |
| transmission specificities of plant viruses with the newly identified species of the bemisia tabaci species complex. | bemisia tabaci has had a colorful nomenclatural past and is now recognized as a species complex. this new species framework has added many new areas of research including adding new insight into the virus transmission specificity of the species in the b. tabaci species complex. there is a wide disparity in what is known about the transmission of plant viruses by different members of the b. tabaci species complex. in this paper, we have synthesized the transmission specificities of the plant viru ... | 2014 | 24464790 |
| chemical class rotations for control of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) on poinsettia and their effect on cryptic species population composition. | bemisia tabaci, a polyphagous insect with over 900 host plants, is an effective vector of more than 100 plant viruses. being highly fecund, b. tabaci has the potential to develop insecticide resistance rapidly, as demonstrated by reports of use failures with meam1 and med cryptic species (commonly known as biotypes b and q respectively). insecticide resistance management is a key component of pest management practices. the research herein studied season-long rotational management programs on poi ... | 2014 | 24464725 |
| ipomovirus--an atypical genus in the family potyviridae transmitted by whiteflies. | ipomoviruses (genus ipomovirus) are whitefly-transmitted viruses assigned to the family potyviridae. they are characterised by filamentous flexible particles and a positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) genome. the viral genome is translated into a polyprotein precursor, which is processed into mature proteins and a short overlapping open reading frame. the genus ipomovirus contains four accepted species and one unapproved species, and two other tentative members have recently been characte ... | 2014 | 24464680 |
| bacterial endosymbionts in field-collected samples of trialeurodes sp. nr. abutiloneus (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | facultative bacterial endosymbionts are common, influential associates of arthropods, yet their movement among host species has not been well documented. plant-mediated transmission of rickettsia has been shown for the whitefly bemisia tabaci. bemisia tabaci in usa cotton fields harbors the secondary symbionts rickettsia and hamiltonella, and co-occurs with trialeurodes sp. nr. abutiloneus whiteflies. to determine whether symbionts may be shared, the microbial diversity of these whiteflies on co ... | 2014 | 24463012 |
| global haplotype analysis of the whitefly bemisia tabaci cryptic species asia i in asia. | the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidiae), is a cryptic species complex comprising a minimum of 24 cryptic species. some members of this complex are important agricultural pests, causing considerable damage to vegetable as well as ornamental and horticultural crops. asia i, one of the cryptic species of b. tabaci, is widely distributed in asia. one hundred and sixty mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) sequences from eight countries have been analyzed to investigate the geograph ... | 2015 | 24460161 |
| modelling the potential distribution of bemisia tabaci in europe in light of the climate change scenario. | bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of agricultural and horticultural crops in greenhouses and fields around the world. this paper deals with the distribution of the pest under field conditions. in europe, the insect is currently found in coastal regions of mediterranean countries where it is subject to quarantine regulations. to assess the risk presented by b. tabaci to europe, the area of potential establishment of this insect, in light of the climate change scenario, was assessed by a temperatur ... | 2014 | 24458692 |
| genetic structure of bemisia tabaci med populations from home-range countries, inferred by nuclear and cytoplasmic markers: impact on the distribution of the insecticide resistance genes. | insecticide resistance management in bemisia tabaci is one of the main issues facing agricultural production today. an extensive survey was undertaken in five mediterranean countries to examine the resistance status of med b. tabaci species in its range of geographic origin and the relationship between population genetic structure and the distribution of resistance genes. the investigation combined molecular diagnostic tests, sequence and microsatellite polymorphism studies and monitoring of end ... | 2014 | 24458589 |
| indigenous american species of the bemisia tabaci complex are still widespread in the americas. | bemisia tabaci is a complex of at least 36 putative cryptic species. since the late 1980s, the middle east-asia minor 1 species (meam1, formerly known as the b biotype), has emerged in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and in some areas has displaced the indigenous populations of b. tabaci. based on analysis of the mtcoi gene, two indigenous species native to america have been reported: new world (nw, formerly the a biotype) and new world 2 (nw2). nw is present at least in argen ... | 2014 | 24458534 |
| activity of flonicamid on the sweet potato whitely bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies. | flonicamid is a novel systemic insecticide that acts as a feeding blocker with potential use against whiteflies within ipm control tactics. flonicamid efficacy against bemisia tabaci mediterranean populations from crete was examined, as well as side effects on selected beneficials used extensively in current ipm schemes. | 2014 | 24408346 |
| sirna machinery in whitefly (bemisia tabaci). | rna interference has been emerged as an utmost tool for the control of sap sucking insect pests. systemic response is necessary to control them in field condition. whitefly is observed to be more prone to sirna in recent studies, however the sirna machinery and mechanism is not well established. | 2013 | 24391810 |
| comparative susceptibility of bemisia tabaci to imidacloprid in field- and laboratory-based bioassays. | bemisia tabaci biotype b is a resistance-prone pest of protected and open agriculture. systemic uptake bioassays used in resistance monitoring programs have provided important information on susceptibility to neonicotinoid insecticides, but have remained decoupled from field performance. simultaneous bioassays conducted in field and laboratory settings were compared and related to concentrations of imidacloprid in plant tissue for clearer interpretation of resistance monitoring data. | 2014 | 24375968 |
| bemisia tabaci females from the mediterranean (q) species detect and avoid laying eggs in the presence of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue. | pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, disrupts embryogenesis, metamorphosis and adult formation in bemisia tabaci, but does not directly affect adult females. the effect of pyriproxyfen on egg-laying preference and performance of b. tabaci females and the influence of resistance to pyriproxyfen on these reproductive behaviours were studied. | 2014 | 24375924 |
| the feeding rate of predatory mites on life stages of bemisia tabaci mediterranean species. | the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) continues to be a serious threat to crops worldwide. the uk holds protected zone status against this pest and, as a result, b. tabaci entering on plant material is subjected to a policy of eradication. there has recently been a shift from middle east-asia minor 1 to the more chemical resistant mediterranean species entering the uk. predatory mites (amblyseius swirskii, transeius montdorensis and typhlodromalus limonicus ... | 2014 | 26462828 |
| asymmetric consequences of host plant occupation on the competition between the whiteflies bemisia tabaci cryptic species meam1 and trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the two common whitefly species, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) meam1 and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), often co-occur on their host plants. the effect of host plant occupation by one species on later-arriving conspecific individuals or on the other competing species was examined. | 2014 | 24343857 |
| bemisia tabaci nomenclature: lessons learned. | the nomenclature used within the whitefly research community for different putative species within bemisia tabaci (sensu russell) remains highly variable and confused. this was evident by the many different naming schemes researchers were using in their presentations at the 1st international whitefly symposium in kolymbari, crete, greece (20-24 may 2013). i wanted to try to document how we, as a community, have arrived at such a state of confused nomenclature. this also included an investigation ... | 2014 | 24338873 |
| preference and prey switching in a generalist predator attacking local and invasive alien pests. | invasive pest species may strongly affect biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems. the ability of generalist predators to prey on new invasive pests may result in drastic changes in the population dynamics of local pest species owing to predator-mediated indirect interactions among prey. on a short time scale, the nature and strength of such indirect interactions depend largely on preferences between prey and on predator behavior patterns. under laboratory conditions we evaluated the prey prefere ... | 2013 | 24312646 |
| competitive interactions between parasitoids provide new insight into host suppression. | understanding the dynamics of potential inter- and intraspecific competition in parasitoid communities is crucial in the screening of efficient parasitoid species and for utilization of the best parasitoid species combinations. in this respect, the host-parasitoid systems, bemisia tabaci and two parasitoids, eretmocerus hayati (exotic) and encarsia sophia (existing) were studied under laboratory conditions to investigate whether interference competition between the exotic and existing species oc ... | 2013 | 24312394 |
| understanding cross-communication between aboveground and belowground tissues via transcriptome analysis of a sucking insect whitefly-infested pepper plants. | plants have developed defensive machinery to protect themselves against herbivore and pathogen attacks. we previously reported that aboveground whitefly (bemisia tabaci genn.) infestation elicited induced resistance in leaves and roots and influenced the modification of the rhizosphere microflora. in this study, to obtain molecular evidence supporting these plant fitness strategies against whitefly infestation, we performed a 300 k pepper microarray analysis using leaf and root tissues of pepper ... | 2014 | 24309116 |
| spatial genetic heterogeneity in populations of a newly invasive whitefly in china revealed by a nation-wide field survey. | even though introductions of exotic species provide ready-made experiments of rapid evolution, few studies have examined the genetic structure of an exotic species shortly after its initial introduction and subsequent spread. to determine the genetic structure of its populations during the initial introduction, we investigated the invasive sweet potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci q, commonly known as b. tabaci biotype q) in china, which was introduced in approximately 2003. a total of 619 b. tabaci ... | 2013 | 24302995 |
| transmitting plant viruses using whiteflies. | whiteflies, hemiptera: aleyrodidae, bemisia tabaci, a complex of morphologically indistinquishable species(5), are vectors of many plant viruses. several genera of these whitefly-transmitted plant viruses (begomovirus, carlavirus, crinivirus, ipomovirus, torradovirus) include several hundred species of emerging and economically significant pathogens of important food and fiber crops (reviewed by(9,10,16)). these viruses do not replicate in their vector but nevertheless are moved readily from pla ... | 2013 | 24300175 |
| amplifying long transcripts of ryanodine receptors of five agricultural pests by transcriptome analysis and gap filling. | ryanodine receptor (ryr) is an intracellular calcium release channel that plays a key role in excitation contraction coupling. insect ryr is the target of diamide insecticides. better understanding of insect ryr is necessary for studying the molecular mode of action and potential resistance mechanism of diamide insecticides. however, molecular manipulation of the full ryr gene is difficult because of its length (approximately 15 kb). at present, ryr genes have been reported only in a limited num ... | 2013 | 24299104 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of genetic change amongst populations of cassava bemisia tabaci whiteflies driving virus pandemics in east and central africa. | the greatest current threat to cassava in sub-saharan africa, is the continued expansion of plant virus pandemics being driven by super-abundant populations of the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. to track the association of putatively genetically distinct populations of b. tabaci with pandemics of cassava mosaic disease (cmd) and cassava brown streak disease (cbsd), a comprehensive region-wide analysis examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetics of 642 b. tabaci adults sampl ... | 2014 | 24291251 |
| dissipation rate of thiacloprid and its control effect against bemisia tabaci in greenhouse tomato after soil application. | thiacloprid is a chloronicotinyl insecticide that is quite effective against sucking insects. in this study, when thiacloprid was applied at two different rates (normal rate 15 kg ha(-1) , double rate 30 kg ha(-1) ), the systemic distribution and residue of thiacloprid as well as its control effect against whitefly (bemisia tabaci) were investigated in greenhouse tomato after soil application. | 2014 | 24282153 |