| analysis of cdnas coding for immunologically dominant antigens from an oncosphere-specific cdna library of echinococcus multilocularis. | a cdna library based on mrna from oncospheres of echinococcus multilocularis was constructed and screened with an oncosphere-specific rabbit serum. cdna sequences of three clones that were isolated out of this library are discussed: one codes for a serpin-like proteinase inhibitor, the first isolated from cestodes. two other clones code for dominant oncosphere antigens and represent homologues of known genes: one is known from several taeniid cestodes as a protective antigen containing fibronect ... | 2003 | 12827505 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in two lowland gorillas (gorilla g. gorilla). | an unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis was observed in two lowland gorillas (gorilla g. gorilla). clinical signs included progressive abdominal enlargement, apathy and anorexia. macroscopical changes consisted of severe peritonitis and foci of hepatic necrosis with large cavities replacing most of the normal tissue. additionally, a few structures resembling hydatid cysts were present. histologically, some necrotic areas contained fragments of a laminated wall characteristic of echino ... | 2003 | 12859912 |
| effect of mouse strain variations and cortisone treatment on the establishment and growth of primary echinococcus multilocularis hydatid cysts. | the main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cortisone on the number and size of primary echinococcus multilocularis cysts developing in a moderately resistant strain of mice, i.e., c3h/hej. computerized image analysis was used to measure the surface area occupied by hydatid cysts 10 wk after inoculation of the mice with e. multilocularis eggs. our second objective was to compare the infectivity of primary e. multilocularis hydatid cysts in c57bl/6j-ay/a (lethal yellow) mice wi ... | 2003 | 12880247 |
| meriones meridianus and lagurus lagurus as alternative definitive hosts of echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus. | the utilization of meriones meridianus and lagurus lagurus as alternative definitive hosts for echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus was investingated. tapeworm stage development of e. multilocularis was observed and their recovery rate was determined in the small intestine of m. meridianus and l. lagurus. these were compared with those in golden hamsters, which are known as alternative definitive hosts. the animals were treated with ptba (prednisolone tertiary butylacetate) and pa (pred ... | 2002 | 11871149 |
| prevalence and intensity of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) in otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | a survey was done in an attempt to investigate the epidemiological status of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes and raccoon dogs in otaru city from june to september 1999. sixty-seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and 13 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) were captured, and postmortem examinations were conducted with them. thirty-eight red foxes (56.7%) and 3 raccoon dogs (23.1%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis. the total biomass of e. multilocularis in al ... | 2002 | 11949476 |
| a case of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis contracted in belgium. | we report herein the case of a belgian 76-year-old woman who developed a hepatic tumour suspected to be a breast cancer metastasis. radiological imaging and guided biopsies were not contributive. the patient underwent an explorative laparoscopy with frozen sections that did not provide further diagnosis, and an open left bisegmentectomy was performed during the same anaesthesia. histopathological examination of the hepatic mass showed echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes, demonstrating alveo ... | 2002 | 12014318 |
| effect of echinococcus multilocularis on the origin of acetyl-coa entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle in host liver. | carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy was employed to investigate alterations in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in meriones unguiculatus infected with echinococcus multilocularis. following portal vein injections of an equimolar mixture of [1,2-13c2]acetate and [3-13c]lactate, perchloric acid extracts of the livers were prepared and nmr spectra obtained. isotopomer analysis using glutamate resonances in these spectra showed that the relative contributions of endogenous and exo ... | 2002 | 12018193 |
| [echinococcus multilocularis: the prevalence of the fox tapeworm with possible serious consequences for humans]. | the prevalence of the fox tapeworm in foxes (final host) and muskrats (one of the intermediate hosts) in the netherlands and europe has been discussed. the tapeworm was found in 9.4% of the investigated foxes from the province of groningen and in 0.2% of the muskrats from the same region. also in the province of limburg positive foxes were found, but no positive muskrats. possible ways of infection for humans are described together with methods for prevention. it is concluded that at this moment ... | 2002 | 12056263 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in european wolves (canis lupus). | nested pcr was used as a diagnostic tool to investigate the presence of echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm in protected species of carnivores in slovakia. twenty-three faecal samples from wolves, four samples from bears and three samples from lynx from the muránska planina mountains and eight samples from wolves from the bukovské vrchy mountains were examined. e. multilocularis dna was detected in two samples of wolves' faeces from the muránska planina mountains and one sample from the bukovsk ... | 2001 | 11688890 |
| a major echinococcus multilocularis antigen is a mucin-type glycoprotein. | the metacestode of echinococcus multilocularis is surrounded by a carbohydrate-rich laminated layer, which plays a key role in the establishment of the infection in the mammalian host. a major component of the laminated layer is an antigen referred to as em2(g11). this highly species-specific antigen has been used for serodiagnoses of alveolar echinococcosis and is suggested to contain carbohydrates as major constituents. the results of this work have shown that immunoaffinity-purified em2(g11) ... | 2002 | 11729180 |
| hydatid lung disease (echinococcosis/hydatidosis). | two echinococcus species may exhibit medical relevance as causative agents of pulmonary forms of echinococcosis. most importantly, infections with echinococcus granulosus result in "cystic hydatid disease" or "cystic echinococcosis," which affects the lungs in a considerable ratio of cases. echinococcus multilocularis, which causes "alveolar echinococcosis," affects the lungs relatively rarely and then usually upon metastasizing from primary hepatic lesions. cystic echinococcus and alveolar echi ... | 2002 | 12092034 |
| echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda, taeniidae) in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northern belgium. | the first record of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda, taeniidae) in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northern belgium is described. between 1996 and 1999, 237 dead foxes were examined for the presence of this tapeworm using the intestinal scraping technique. four foxes (1.7%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis and showed medium to very high parasitic burdens. three infected foxes originated from the south of the study area and the fourth animal came from the north of t ... | 2003 | 12935741 |
| hydatid disease of the kidney caused by echinococcus multilocularis: a rare clinical entity. | hydatid disease of the urinary tract is extremely rare and constitutes approximately 4% of all cases of hydatid disease. the echinococcus multilocularis is a relatively rare form of echinococcus as the cause of renal hydatid disease. we describe a patient who had renal hydatidosis which is rarely caused by the e. multilocularis. | 2001 | 11741134 |
| detection of echinococcus multilocularis eggs by centrifugal flotation technique: preliminary survey of soil left in the ferryboats commuting between hokkaido island, where e. multilocularis is endemic, and mainland japan. | | 2003 | 12944679 |
| studies on the helminth fauna of alaska. xxx. the occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, on the mainland of alaska. | | 1956 | 13381884 |
| studies on the helminth fauna of alaska. xxxi. observations on the propagation of the larval echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, in vitro. | | 1957 | 13406659 |
| observations on the susceptibilities of cotton rats to echinococcus multilocularis (leuckart, 1863). | | 1957 | 13439211 |
| spatial and temporal aspects of urban transmission of echinococcus multilocularis. | high prevalences of echinococcus multilocularis have been reported from foxes of the city of zurich, switzerland. in order to characterize transmission in urban areas, a coproantigen elisa was evaluated for diagnosing the infection in fox faecal samples collected in the environment. in addition, trapped rodents were investigated for the presence of metacestodes. faecal samples could reliably be classified as being of fox origin by assessing physical properties as shown by the different parasite ... | 2002 | 12118719 |
| [natural foci of echinococcus multilocularis in the novosibirsk region]. | | 1959 | 13656202 |
| echinococcus multilocularis revisited. | | 2002 | 11756131 |
| molecular and genetic characterisation of the host-protective oncosphere antigens of taeniid cestode parasites. | highly effective recombinant vaccines have been developed against taenia ovis infection in sheep, taenia saginata infection in cattle, taenia solium infection in pigs, echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multilocularis infections in a variety of intermediate host species. these vaccines have been based on the identification and expression in escherichia coli of antigens derived from the oncosphere life cycle stage, contained within the parasites' eggs. investigation of the molecular aspects ... | 2003 | 13678636 |
| the cestode echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in north dakota. | | 1964 | 14172624 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in a beef cow from the middle west. | | 1965 | 14241418 |
| the maintenance of echinococcus multilocularis in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) by intraperitoneal inoculation. | | 1961 | 14480353 |
| echinococcus multilocularis. | echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm of foxes that may cause a zoonotic infection resulting in a highly pathogenic and potentially fatal chronic liver infestation called human alveolar echinococcosis. radical liver resection currently offers the only potential cure. although alveolar echinococcosis is a rare parasitic disease that is restricted to transmission in the northern hemisphere, the parasite is geographically widespread being distributed from alaska, across canada and north central ... | 2003 | 14501996 |
| isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. | two microsatellites were isolated from a genomic library of echinococcus multilocularis. the microsatellites, designated emms1 and emms2, consist of tandem repeats of cac-trinucleotide unit. southern blot hybridization suggests that each of them is a single locus. using fox-derived wild tapeworms (n=104), pcr-amplification of microsatellites was performed to assess the usefulness of these loci. we found four alleles of emms1 and two alleles of emms2. the heterozygosities observed were 10.6% in e ... | 2003 | 14522179 |
| an intact laminated layer is important for the establishment of secondary echinococcus multilocularis infection. | echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis primarily in rodents, but also in humans where it represents one of the most lethal helmintic infections. we used a susceptible mouse (c57bl/6) model to demonstrate failure in controlling secondary infection with the e. multilocularis metacestode, even when performed at the lowest possible infection dose. this was achieved by intraperitoneal or intrahepatic inoculation of a single parasite vesicle. in secondary infections, the primary ph ... | 2002 | 12172814 |
| detection of echinococcus multilocularis antigens in faeces by elisa. | faecal samples deriving from 391 animals belonging to nine species (polecats, badgers, martens, weasels, rats, dogs, cats, red foxes, raccoon-dogs) were examined by capture elisa for the presence of the echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen. the main claim of our studies is the reliable detection of e. multilocularis coproantigens, mainly in the faeces of foxes, dogs and cats. for the first time in coproantigen detection we used a "double-sandwich" elisa. the main advantage of this method is ... | 2003 | 14530971 |
| hydatid disease at the proximal end of the clavicle. | we report a case of hydatid disease at the proximal end of the clavicle of a 47-year-old woman. in an open biopsy, laminated layers, characteristic of echinococcus multilocularis larvae, were revealed by periodic acid-schiff (pas) staining. a marked foreign-body reaction was observed in the pathological findings. the patient was definitely diagnosed as having osseous hydatid disease. we performed resection of the infected part of the clavicle, and after the operation, she has been cured under me ... | 2002 | 12181669 |
| potential remedy against echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes using baits with anthelmintic distributed around fox breeding dens in hokkaido, japan. | the effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in koshimizu, in the eastern part of hokkaido, japan. the study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. the anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. after 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of e. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite e ... | 2002 | 12211605 |
| cerebral hydatid disease ct and mr findings. | in this study, we reviewed the computed tomography (ct, n=9) and magnetic resonance (mr, n=5) imaging findings of 11 patients with pathologically confirmed cerebral hydatid disease. among our patients, there were 10 cases of echinococcus granulosus and 1 case of echinococcus multilocularis. common ct and mr imaging findings of e. granulosus lesions were well-defined, smooth thin-walled, spherical, homogeneous cystic lesions with no contrast enhancement, no calcification, and no surrounding edema ... | 2002 | 12213372 |
| a red fox, vulpes vulpes shrencki, infected with echinococcus multilocularis was introduced from hokkaido island, where e. multilocularis is endemic, to aomori, northern part of the mainland japan. | | 2003 | 14583648 |
| prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in southern belgium. | between june 1998 and february 2002, 709 red foxes killed in wallonia (south of belgium) were available for parasitological examination of the gut. the identification of echinococcus multilocularis was based on morphological data. e. multilocularis adults were observed in 20.2% of the animals. the analysis of data revealed marked differences between the geological areas of wallonia; the highest prevalence (33%) was found in the ardenne and the lowest (0%) on the plateau de herve. host gender and ... | 2003 | 14597275 |
| the musk rat (ondatra zibethicus) as intermediate host of cestodes in the netherlands. | an investigation on the presence of larval cestodes in musk rats (ondatra zibethicus) was carried out in two regions of the netherlands (east groningen and south limburg) where in a earlier study foxes with echinococcus multilocularis were found. a total of 1726 musk rats were dissected (1200 in groningen, 526 in limburg). larval stages of taenia taeniaeformis were most frequently found (total 44.8%: groningen 42%, limburg 51.3%), followed by t. martis (total 6.1%: groningen 0.7%, limburg 18.6%) ... | 2003 | 14597276 |
| anthelmintic baiting of foxes against urban contamination with echinococcus multilocularis. | | 2003 | 14609462 |
| in vitro parasiticidal effect of nitazoxanide against echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. | when humans serve as inadvertent intermediate hosts for echinococcus multilocularis, disease (alveolar echinococcosis [ae]) may result from the expanding parasite metacestode in visceral organs, mostly in the liver. benzimidazole carbamate derivatives such as mebendazole and albendazole are used for chemotherapeutic treatment of ae. however, these treatments are, in most cases, parasitistatic rather than parasiticidal. as treatment is discontinued, a recurrence of parasite growth has been observ ... | 2003 | 12543645 |
| [study on cd4+ cells deletion mechanism in experimental alveolar echinococcosis]. | to study the possible mechanism of cd4+ t cells deletion in mice with alveolar echinococcosis, particularly on the relationship between echinococcus multilocularis infection and apoptosis of t lymphocyte subsets. | 2003 | 14628363 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase deficiency in mice increases resistance to chronic infection with echinococcus multilocularis. | the production of nitric oxide (no) by intraperitoneal macrophages of mice during secondary infection with echinococcus multilocularis mediates immunosuppression at early and late stages of infection. we addressed the role of no in host resistance against this extracellular metazoan parasite by infecting inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout ((inos-ko) mice (of the c57bl/6 background) with 100 metacestode vesicles. the parasite weight was significantly lower in inos-ko mice when compared with ... | 2003 | 12562333 |
| prevention of alveolar echinococcosis--ecosystem and risk management perspectives in japan. | we focused on the epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis especially in japan and discussed control measures to prevent an epidemic. no effective control measures against alveolar echinococcosis have been identified thus far because it is difficult to fully understand the ecology of the parasite and its hosts, i.e. the precise infection route to humans. in hokkaido, japan, infection rates among red foxes have recently risen even in low endemic districts. infection seems to be spreading not only ... | 2003 | 14636980 |
| predictive values and quality control of techniques for the diagnosis of echinococcus multilocularis in definitive hosts. | by the end of the 1980s the only reliable technique for diagnosing the intestinal echinococcus multilocularis infection of definitive hosts was parasite detection at necropsy. currently, several techniques for the post mortem and in vivo diagnosis are available, including classical and modern methods. the sedimentation and counting technique (sct) is used for the exact determination of the worm burden in the intestine after necropsy. the sct has high sensitivity and specificity values (both clos ... | 2003 | 12606092 |
| prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in great britain. | a national necropsy survey of red foxes was carried out across great britain to record echinococcus, trichinella and toxoplasma. the survey did not record directly, or indirectly using coproantigen/pcr tests, evidence for the presence of echinococcus multilocularis in 588 animals, although e. granulosus was suspected in six animals. parasitological evidence for trichinella spp. could not be found in 587 fox muscle digests, and a specific pcr test also failed to detect toxoplasma in a sub-set of ... | 2003 | 14651882 |
| identification, molecular characterization and expression of the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor orthologue from the fox-tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. | receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) are crucially involved in the development of metazoan organisms and possible mediators of cell-cell communication that occurs between eukaryotic parasites and hosts. we have now cloned and characterized the complete complementary dna (cdna) molecule encoding a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, emer, of the human parasite echinococcus multilocularis. emer shared significant amino acid sequence homologies with members of the epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor fam ... | 2003 | 14659879 |
| statistics and sample design in epidemiological studies of echinococcus multilocularis in fox populations. | in this paper possible sampling strategies for estimating the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis infections in foxes are discussed. to draw valid conclusions from the analysis of fractions of a total fox population, each member of the total population must have the same chance of being selected for the investigation (random sampling), the sample must be representative with respect to all epidemiologically relevant conditions in the population (e.g. age, endemic status, seasonal effects, p ... | 2003 | 12606095 |
| isolation and characterization of a secretory component of echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes potentially involved in modulating the host-parasite interface. | echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes are fluid-filled, vesicle-like organisms, which are characterized by continuous asexual proliferation via external budding of daughter vesicles, predominantly in the livers of infected individuals. tumor-like growth eventually leads to the disease alveolar echinococcosis (ae). we employed the monoclonal antibody (mab) e492/g1, previously shown to be directed against a carbohydrate-rich, immunomodulatory fraction of echinococcus granulosus, to characterize ... | 2004 | 14688134 |
| processes leading to a spatial aggregation of echinococcus multilocularis in its natural intermediate host microtus arvalis. | the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) shows a heterogeneous spatial distribution in the intermediate host (microtus arvalis). to identify the ecological processes responsible for this heterogeneity, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model. the model combines individual-based (foxes, vulpes vulpes) and grid-based (voles) techniques to simulate the infections in both intermediate and definite host. if host populations are homogeneously mixed, the model reproduces field da ... | 2004 | 14711588 |
| the tibetan hare lepus oiostolus: a novel intermediate host for echinococcus multilocularis. | multicystic hydatids have been found in the livers of hares ( lepus oiostolus) examined from the qinghai-tibet plateau of china. in this study, the causative species was definitively identified as echinococcus multilocularis by mitochondrial dna sequencing. this is the first confirmation of larval e. multilocularis from hares. the hydatids contained protoscolices, suggesting that the hare may contribute to the transmission of e. multilocularis on the tibetan plateau. | 2004 | 14722758 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of patent infections of echinococcus granulosus ("sheep strain") in naturally infected dogs. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the identification of eggs of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus ("sheep strain") was evaluated with primers derived from mitochondrial sequences. specificity of these primers was confirmed by investigating dna of other strains of e. granulosus and of 14 helminth species which inhabit the intestines of dogs. this pcr assay was used to investigate 131 purged dogs from kazakhstan. eighteen dogs harboured echinococcus worms, ten of them in mixed infections with ... | 2004 | 14727186 |
| polymorphisms of the tap1 and tap2 genes in human alveolar echinococcosis. | we postulated that tap genes may influence the susceptibility of some individuals to echinococcus multilocularis infection. six coding region variants (codons 333 and 637 in tap1, and 379, 565, 651 and 665 in tap2) were typed in 94 patients and 100 controls. thr/thr homozygosity at tap2/665 was more prevalent in patients than in controls [64% vs. 45%, respectively; odds ratio (or) = 2.1 (95% confidence interval (ci) 1.1; 2.7)] and thr/ala heterozygozity was less prevalent (32% vs. 50%, respectiv ... | 2003 | 12648282 |
| wilderness in the city: the urbanization of echinococcus multilocularis. | a distinct increase in fox populations, particularly in urban areas, has been observed in europe. this is of particular concern in endemic regions of the small fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis, the aetiological agent of human alveolar echinococcosis. novel tools have facilitated the investigation of the ecology of urban foxes and have demonstrated the urban wildlife cycle of e. multilocularis. such studies are essential for estimating the risk of transmission to humans and to determine t ... | 2004 | 14747021 |
| identification and characterization of pdz-1, a n-ermad specific interaction partner of the echinococcus multilocularis erm protein elp. | | 2004 | 14747152 |
| [a rare case of cysts caused by echinococcus multilocularis of the iliac bone]. | | 1952 | 14956685 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and serological evaluation of an 8-kilodalton subunit of antigen b from echinococcus multilocularis. | full-length cdna and genomic dna encoding an 8-kda subunit of antigen b from echinococcus multilocularis (designated emagb8/1) were isolated from an e. multilocularis metacestode cdna library and a protoscolex genomic dna library, respectively. the open reading frame of the cdna clone encodes a polypeptide comprising 85 amino acids with a 20-amino-acid nh(2)-terminal signal sequence, which was confirmed following n-terminal sequencing of the native antigen. reverse transcription-pcr analysis rev ... | 2004 | 15004057 |
| molecular tools for studies on the transmission biology of echinococcus multilocularis. | two novel approaches for diagnosis of intestinal echinococcus multilocularis infection, the detection of e. multilocularis-specific coproantigens in elisa and of copro-dna by pcr, have been successfully implemented. these methods have proven their value for the post mortem and the intra vitam diagnosis of e. multilocularis in definitive hosts. they have also made novel approaches possible to study the transmission biology of the parasite as they allow detection of the infection in faecal samples ... | 2003 | 15027604 |
| identification and molecular characterisation of a gene encoding a member of the insulin receptor family in echinococcus multilocularis. | receptor kinases play a key role in the communication of cells with their environment and could be important mediators of the effects of host cytokines on endoparasitic organisms. in this paper we describe, for the first time, the characterisation of a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor family from a parasitic helminth. using a degenerative pcr approach, we identified and completely characterised the 5.5kb coding dna for an echinococcus multilocularis factor (emir) which displays s ... | 2003 | 12670515 |
| [ultrasonographic guidance of percutaneous drainage as a new method of treatment of echinococcal cysts]. | the aim of this work is to show possibilities of treating echinococcus cyst, with special emphasis on pair method, showing two different cases (hydatid and multilocular cyst). | 2003 | 12693339 |
| multi-scale spatial analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis risk in china. | risk factors for the transmission of echinococcus multilocularis to humans operate at a range of spatial scales. over a large area, such as china, regional scale risk is correlated with variation in climatic conditions because of its effect on the spatial distribution of landscapes that can support e. multilocularis transmission in wildlife hosts and the probability of egg survival. at a local scale of a few kilometres, or tens of kilometres, transmission risk is related to the spatial proximity ... | 2003 | 15027610 |
| echinococcosis--an international public health challenge. | this review aims to summarise some of the recent studies that have been undertaken on parasites of the genus echinococcus and the diseases which they cause. although the adult parasite, which inhabits the intestine of various carnivore species is not pathogenic, the larval or metacestode stages can be highly pathogenic, causing economic losses to livestock and various forms of echinococcosis in humans, some of which have a high fatality rate. there is growing evidence that there are at least 5 s ... | 2003 | 12726737 |
| base line prevalence and spatial distribution of echinococcus multilocularis in a newly recognized endemic area in the netherlands. | the base line prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in foxes was determined in the eastern part of the province of groningen in the netherlands adjacent to the german border. this region has been identified in a previous study in 1998 as one of the westernmost border areas of e. multilocularis. base line prevalence data are important for a better insight in the possible spread of the parasite and its changes in time. as fox feces containing e. multilocularis eggs are an important source for ... | 2004 | 15036574 |
| environmental contamination with helminth infective stages implicated in water and foodborne diseases. | the number of parasites increased followed the rapid growing of human population on the earth. zoonoses with other medical disorders such allergy accompanied to the parasitic infection are under very carefull investigation. a zoonosis can be transmitted from animals to humans in various ways, depending on life cycle of parasite, the kind of hosts and geographical distribution of species. there are many diseases that can be linked to transmission from not only domestic but also from wild animals ... | 2003 | 15058813 |
| secondary and primary murine alveolar echinococcosis: combined albendazole/nitazoxanide chemotherapy exhibits profound anti-parasitic activity. | in this study, the efficacies of chemotherapy employing nitazoxanide (ntz), albendazole (abz), and a ntz/abz-combination against alveolar echinococcosis (ae) were investigated in an experimental murine model. following secondary infection, meaning i.p. injection of 20 echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes, the drugs were administered by intragastric inoculation on a daily bases for a period of 5 weeks. treatment was started either immediately on the day of infection, or at 2 months p.i., resp ... | 2004 | 15064126 |
| a pcr system for detection of species and genotypes of the echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern africa. | we describe the development of a specific and sensitive pcr/semi-nested pcr system for the rapid diagnosis of echinococcus granulosus genotype g1, e. granulosus genotype g6/7, and echinococcus ortleppi (g5). diagnosis of g1 and the group g5/6/7 is performed by a simple pcr, while discrimination between e. ortleppi (g5) and g6/7 involves a subsequent semi-nested pcr step. the target sequence for amplification is part of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. specificity of the pcrs was 100% when evalua ... | 2004 | 15064129 |
| fenced pasture: a possible risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis in tibetan pastoralist communities of sichuan, china. | alveolar echinococcosis, infection caused by the parasitic helminth echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonosis strongly linked to climatic and ecological factors. cross-sectional survey data were used to test a hypothesis that partial fencing of pastures could promote alveolar echinococcosis transmission in semi-nomadic pastoral communities of the tibetan plateau, pr china. using multiple stepwise logistic regression with consideration of factors of age and gender, it was shown that partial fenc ... | 2004 | 15099816 |
| hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | alveolar echinococcosis was diagnosed in 12 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) at postmortem examination within a period of 6 years. besides consistent involvement of the liver, parasitic lesions were also present in mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, lung, and kidney. in the liver, various patterns of host's responses to parasitic tissue could be distinguished. infiltration of macrophages, often multinucleated, around usually intact metacestodes was the main feature of one pattern. a secon ... | 2004 | 15133171 |
| [developing of new anthelmintics. evaluation of fluzamide on the new experimental models of intestinal cestode infections]. | the efficacy of the original drug fluzamide (a n,s-containing heterocycle derivative) was evaluated by primary screening on a modified model of monoinvasion with the luminal form of echinococcus multilocularis and on an original model of intestinal mixed invasion of e. multilocularis and hymenolepsis nana at the immature and mature stages of the parasites in golden hamsters when an experimental host was immunosuppressed with hydrocortisone. the efficacy of fluzamide in an oral dose of 0.3 g/kg a ... | 2003 | 12886590 |
| [baiting intervals and duration of control of the small fox tapeworm: a simulation study]. | field trials to control the small fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis failed to reduce the prevalence of the parasite persistently. with the experience from this empirical work, a simulation model for the population dynamics of the small fox tapeworm was developed. this model is used to examine the effect of different control strategies. sufficient control duration is able to eradicate the parasite in simulation experiments. baiting intervals of 4 or 6 weeks were found to be more efficient ... | 2003 | 12894684 |
| use of two sensitive and specific immunoblot markers, em70 and em90, for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. | antibodies against echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes were screened by immunoblotting sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis (n = 39), cystic echinococcosis (n = 109), or other parasitic infections (n = 66) and healthy individuals (n = 32). two antigens, approximately 70 and 90 kda, are found to be valuable for confirmatory diagnosis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 99.51%, respectively. | 2004 | 15243114 |
| alveolar echinococcosis: characterization of diagnostic antigen em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant em18. | the echinococcus multilocularis protein em18 is one of the most promising antigens for use in serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in human patients. here we identify an antigenic relationship between em18 and a 65-kda immunodominant e. multilocularis surface protein previously identified as either em10 or emii/3. the nh(2)-terminal sequence of native em18 was determined, revealing it to be a fragment of em10. experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of proteinase inhibitors on ... | 2002 | 12149326 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| controlling echinococcus multilocularis-ecological implications of field trials. | two field trials to reduce the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in foxes have been conducted in recent years. although both trials reduced prevalence considerably, they failed to eradicate the parasite in the study region. following the control trial in northern germany, prevalence recovered unexpectedly and rapidly, reaching pre-control levels five quarters (15 months) after the end of control. to understand the internal dynamics of the parasite-host system's reaction to control, we de ... | 2003 | 12900151 |
| indications and results of liver transplantation for echinococcus alveolar infection: an overview. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae) of the liver, caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis, has the characteristics of a slow-growing liver cancer. it is one of the rare parasitic diseases for which a parasitolytic drug is not yet available, and ae is lethal in the absence of appropriate therapeutic management. complete surgical resection of the parasite at an early stage of infection provides favourable prospects for cure, but, due to a long clinical latency, many cas ... | 2003 | 12905036 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: secondary poisoning of fox population during a vole outbreak reduces environmental contamination in a high endemicity area. | this paper describes the role of fox population level on echinococcus multilocularis infection in foxes in a highly endemic area in eastern france. fox population level was monitored by spotlight survey at le souillot from 1989 to 2000, and from 1992 to 2000 at chemin, a control site located in a low endemic area. the infection level of the fox population was estimated at le souillot from winter 1995 to winter 1999 using a coproantigen elisa performed on faeces collected in the field. population ... | 2003 | 12906878 |
| [detection of parasites and symptoms of parasitic diseases. 2: parasites of the gastrointestinal tract, tissue and organ parasites, ecto- and skin parasites]. | intestinal parasites are giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium parvum, entamoeba histolytica, hookworms, ascaris, tape worms and others. as to organ parasites, their life-threatening courses are pointed out: amebiasis in the intestine, liver, lung and brain, toxoplasmosis in the brain, lung and heart muscle, including the danger for the child of a pregnant woman with an acute infection, west african sleeping sickness with encephalitis, the east african form with polyserositis, south american chagas' ... | 2003 | 12914402 |
| [possibility of invasion of echinococcus into honshu with pet dogs from hokkaido and overseas]. | the number of pet dogs moving with their owners to honshu, the main island of japan, from hokkaido, and the number of dogs imported from overseas were examined, and the possibility of invasion of echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus with these dogs was discussed. | 2003 | 12934520 |
| epidemiology of echinococcosis. | various species and infraspecific forms of the cestode genus echinococcus are causative agents of human echinococcosis. pathology, epidemiology and geographical occurrence vary widely between the different echinococcus taxa. as a general rule, those forms of echinococcosis that are transmitted mainly by wild animals are rather rare, due to limited contact between humans and wildlife. this is the case with alveolar echinococcosis (ae) caused by echinococcus multilocularis, the 'fox tapeworm' (exc ... | 2003 | 12937989 |
| [independence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863 species]. | | 1958 | 13558103 |
| analysis of differential gene expression in echinococcus multilocularis larval stages by means of spliced leader differential display. | all parasitic helminths process a large subset of their mrna molecules via spliced leader trans-splicing. here we describe a rapid and efficient method, 'spliced leader differential display', to generate comprehensive expression fingerprints of trans-spliced factors on silver-stained acrylamide gels. the method allows systematic screening of the entire trans-spliced transcriptome of parasitic organisms using only minute amounts of starting material. spliced leader differential display selectivel ... | 2003 | 13678631 |
| molecular confirmation of human alveolar echinococcosis in poland. | infections of humans with echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (ae), a zoonosis, have been described with increasing frequency in poland since 1994. in the attempt to verify these reports, we analyzed specimens obtained from a representative group of polish patients. liver lesions in patients with ae that was diagnosed on the basis of results of histological and serological tests contained e. multilocularis dna, as shown by the presence of specific microsat ... | 2003 | 14523787 |
| co-occurrence of metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis and taenia taeniaeformis (cestoda) in arvicola terrestris (rodentia) in france. | | 2003 | 14560979 |
| a model for the transmission of echinococcus multilocularis in hokkaido, japan. | a mathematical model for echinococcus multilocularis transmission would be useful for estimating its prevalence and determining control strategies. we propose a mathematical model which quantitatively describes the transmission of e. multilocularis in hokkaido, japan. the model takes into account the influence of the dynamics of both the definitive and the intermediate host populations, which show large scale seasonal variation as they are wild animals. the simulations based on the model clarify ... | 2003 | 14564512 |
| echinococcosis. | echinococcosis is a near-cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by adult or larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus echinococcus (family taeniidae). the two major species of medical and public health importance are echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multilocularis, which cause cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. both are serious and severe diseases, the latter especially so, with high fatality rates and poor prognosis if managed incorrectly. several reports have ... | 2003 | 14575976 |
| milbemycin oxime in a new formulation, combined with praziquantel, does not reduce the efficacy of praziquantel against echinococcus multilocularis in cats. | twenty european domestic cats were each infected with 15,000 protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis extracted from metacestodes grown in experimentally infected common voles (microtus arvalis). sixteen days after infection, ten cats were treated with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic and acaricide comprising praziquantel and milbemycin oxime. five days later treated and untreated cats were euthanized and the intestine examined for e. multilocularis. five of ten untreated cats were infected wit ... | 2003 | 14627455 |
| identification and characterisation of two distinct smad proteins from the fox-tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. | members of the transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) family of cytokines and their corresponding receptors regulate cellular key processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and could be involved in communication mechanisms between parasitic helminths and their hosts. a pivotal role in intracellular tgf-beta signalling is played by smad factors which directly transmit incoming signals from the cell surface receptors to the nucleus. in this study, we have identified and characterised ... | 2003 | 14636682 |
| observations on the development of echinococcus multilocularis in cats. | the development of a european isolate of echinococcus multilocularis was compared in cats and dogs at the end of the prepatent period. echinococcus multilocularis established in all dogs and cats, but worm recovery was significantly greater from dogs than from cats. overall, worms in cats were not as advanced as those in dogs in terms of development and maturation, but there was no evidence of retarded development or stunted forms. these results confirm that dogs are highly susceptible to e. mul ... | 2003 | 14640069 |
| impeded th1 cd4 memory t cell generation in chronic-persisting liver infection with echinococcus multilocularis. | memory t cells of the cd4 lineage coordinate immune responses against pathogens via the antigen-induced secretion of potent effector cytokines. the efficacy of these responses is thought to depend on both the overall number of pathogen-specific memory t cells and the particular array of cytokines that these cells are programmed to secrete. it is unknown to what extent cellular immunity can be induced by echinococcus multilocularis infection. to examine the immunological memory provided by the ad ... | 2004 | 14688059 |
| long-term in vitro cultivation of echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions. | we report here on the development of an in vitro system for the long-term cultivation of echinococcus multilocularis larvae under axenic conditions. in the absence of feeder cells from the host, long-term survival of the parasite depended strictly on low oxygen conditions and the presence of reducing agents in the medium. host serum supported survival of the parasite but the growth of metacestode vesicles and differentiation towards the protoscolex stage only occurred in the presence of culture ... | 2004 | 14735358 |
| epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis with particular reference to china and europe. | human alveolar echinococcosis (ae), caused by the metacestode of the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis, is the most pathogenic zoonosis in temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. prospective collection of human cases in some areas and mass screenings using ultrasound imaging and confirmation with serological techniques have markedly improved our knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in humans during the past two decades. transmission occurs when eggs of the tapewor ... | 2003 | 15027607 |
| interactions between landscape changes and host communities can regulate echinococcus multilocularis transmission. | an area close to the qinghai-tibet plateau region and subject to intensive deforestation contains a large focus of human alveolar echinococcosis while sporadic human cases occur in the doubs region of eastern france. the current review analyses and compares epidemiological and ecological results obtained in both regions. analysis of rodent species assemblages within quantified rural landscapes in central china and eastern france shows a significant association between host species for the pathog ... | 2003 | 15027609 |
| perspective on control options for echinococcus multilocularis with particular reference to japan. | following a brief introduction of recent advances in molecular and immunological technology for detection of persons and animals infected with echinococcus multilocularis and an overview of the current situation of alveolar echinococcosis (ae) in japan, perspectives on control options are discussed with reference to different epidemiological situations. ae is considered the most serious parasitic zoonosis in temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. the number of human cases diffe ... | 2003 | 15027612 |
| echinococcus multilocularis laminated-layer components and the e14t 14-3-3 recombinant protein decrease no production by activated rat macrophages in vitro. | echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus granulosus cause alveolar and cystic (unilocular) echinococcosis, respectively, in humans and animals. it is known that these parasites can affect, among other molecules, nitric oxide (no) production by periparasitic host cells. nevertheless, detailed dissection of parasite components specifically affecting cell no production has not been done to date. we compare the effect of e. granulosus and e. multilocularis defined metacestode structural (laminat ... | 2004 | 15158694 |
| echinococcus multilocularis proliferation in mice and respective parasite 14-3-3 gene expression is mainly controlled by an alphabeta cd4 t-cell-mediated immune response. | the role of specific b lymphocytes and t-cell populations in the control of experimental echinococus multilocularis infection was studied in micro mt, nude, t-cell receptor (tcr)-beta(-/-), major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-i(-/-) and mhc-ii(-/-) mice. at 2 months postinfection, the parasite mass was more than 10 times higher in nude, tcr-beta(-/-) and mhc-ii(-/-) mice than in infected c57bl/6 wild-type (wt) mice, and these t-cell-deficient mice started to die of the high parasite load at t ... | 2004 | 15196217 |
| modelling the spatial distribution of echinococcus multilocularis infection in foxes. | alveolar echinococcosis is a rare but fatal disease in humans and is caused by the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. the densities of fox and grassland rodent populations and the interactions between them influence e. multilocularis transmission rates in europe. successful rabies control has caused fox populations and e. multilocularis prevalence rates to increase in many european countries. the potential increase of the infection pressure on the human population motivates the monitoring ... | 2004 | 15246931 |
| ecological epidemiology: landscape metrics and human alveolar echinococossis. | the larval form of the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis can cause a potentially fatal liver infection in human hosts. globally rare, the disease has a high prevalence focus in western china. recent research has linked landscape to the presence and prevalence of the disease. this paper discusses the epidemiology of e. multilocularis in terms of landscape and disease transmission ecology. landscape form was defined using satellite imagery to create a land cover classification for a study s ... | 2004 | 15246932 |
| an experimental field approach to parasitism and immune defence in voles. | the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis is typically perpetuated in a cycle with red foxes as definitive hosts and various rodent species as intermediate hosts. in this study, foxes were baited with a highly efficient drug against cestodes (praziquantel) in 5 blocks of 1 km2. voles, arvicola terrestris, the most abundant intermediate host species, were trapped in the 5 baited blocks and in 5 non-baited control blocks. baiting the foxes reduced the prevalence of e. multilocularis in fox faec ... | 2004 | 15267116 |
| protective immune mechanisms against the metacestode of echinococcus multilocularis. | infection with the larval stage of the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis results in a life-threatening hepatic disease concerning humans and intermediate rodent hosts. immunoepidemiological surveys provided information that a large proportion of infected individuals may demonstrate either constitutional resistance to early post-oncospheral development of the parasite or late resistance to disease by exhibiting an intrahepatic died-out parasite lesion. similar events have been found in sec ... | 1995 | 15275313 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in germany: increased awareness or spreading of a parasite? | the 'small fox tapeworm' echinococcus multilocularis has recently become a matter of intense interest in germany. a long-term increase of its prevalence in foxes has been noted in the well-known endemic areas in southern germany, and reports on the occurrence of the parasite in other parts of the country suggest that the parasite is actually much more widespread than previously thought. as nearly all of the relevant studies are published in the german language in a veterinary journal and in the ... | 1995 | 15275394 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in northern hungary. | | 2004 | 15338552 |
| [questions about echinococcus multilocularis. transmission by fallen fruit?]. | | 2004 | 15347045 |
| lethal effects of freezing echinococcus multilocularis eggs at ultralow temperatures. | methods for killing echinococcus multilocularis eggs within stool or intestinal samples, without damaging the diagnostic value of the sample, would significantly reduce the risk of animal health providers acquiring alveolar hydatid disease. the first objective of this study was to determine whether e. multilocularis eggs located in fox intestines can survive storage at -70 c for at least 4 days. results showed that none of 72,000 e. multilocularis eggs remained infectious to defined strains of m ... | 2004 | 15357079 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: identification and molecular characterization of a ral-like small gtp-binding protein. | in mammals, ral (ras-like) gtpases have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular key processes such as oncogenic transformation, endocytosis, and actin-cytoskeleton dynamics. here we provide, for the first time, molecular data on a ral homologue from a parasitic helminth. we have cloned and characterized the complete cdna molecule and the chromosomal locus encoding a novel gtp binding protein, emral, of the human parasite echinococcus multilocularis. the encoded protein contained al ... | 2004 | 15363942 |
| [human alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging zoonosis in hungary and europe]. | human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the metacestode stage of echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the temperate and arctic areas of northern hemisphere. the mortality of the disease exceeds 95% in untreated or inadequately treated patients. in the past three decades, the spread of this parasite was observed in europe as a consequence of human interventions resulting in the population size increase of foxes. the authors demonstrated the presence of e. multilo ... | 2004 | 15384864 |