| restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms among toxoplasma gondii strains. | | 1991 | 1675467 |
| a family of repeated dna sequences in toxoplasma gondii: cloning, sequence analysis, and use in strain characterization. | a toxoplasma gondii genomic library was constructed in lambda embl3. repeated fragments were detected by hybridization with radiolabeled total dna from the parasite and one recombinant was chosen due to its strong hybridization signal. by using electrophoretic and hybridization analysis, four cross-hybridizating restriction fragments were selected and sequenced. the determined nucleotide sequence of these fragments (tgr1a, tgr1e, tgr2, and tgr4) has shown a complex system of conserved and degene ... | 1991 | 1676001 |
| clinical programs for clinical research on aids: description of a randomized prospective study of clindamycin versus pyrimethamine for prevention of toxoplasma gondii infection. | the risk of toxoplasmic encephalitis complicating aids appears largely limited to those hiv-infected patients with serologic evidence of past toxoplasma gondii infection and low cd4 lymphocyte counts. the community programs for clinical research on aids has initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if clindamycin or pyrimethamine prophylactic regimens are effective and safe in preventing toxoplasmic encephalitis. | 1991 | 1676364 |
| spontaneous abortion and reinfection by toxoplasma gondii. | | 1991 | 1678099 |
| human t-cell clones against toxoplasma gondii: production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and strain cross-reactivity. | the soluble fraction from a sonicate of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (termed f3) was shown to induce dose-dependent blastic transformation of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from seropositive individuals only and was used to isolate a panel of t-cell clones from the pbmc of an immune donor. proliferation assays using f3 showed that 15 (14 cd4+ and 1 cd8+) of the 18 isolated clones were specific for t. gondii. in response to antigen stimulation, 5 of the 15 clones produced detectable l ... | 1991 | 1679934 |
| [application of staphylococcal protein a for immunodiagnosis of early toxoplasma infection]. | rh strain toxoplasma gondii was used to inoculate mice and rats. sera collected at intervals were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and the latex agglutination test (lat) to monitor the time-course change in titers of anti-toxoplasma igm and igg antibodies. in addition, the above sera and some anti-toxoplasma seropositive human sera (with ifat antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:16) were adsorbed with staphylococcal protein a (spa) and assayed for changes in igm and ... | 1991 | 1683392 |
| comparison of isoenzyme profiles of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites produced under different culture conditions. | the isoenzyme profiles for ten enzymes of tachyzoites either grown in vivo in tg 180 mouse sarcoma cells or cultivated in vitro in human fibroblast cell culture were compared in eight cloned strains by means of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. fibroblast-cultivated tachyzoites of all strains tested showed an extra band in the ldh isoenzyme pattern that was not seen in tachyzoites from tg 180 mouse sarcoma cells. the isoenzyme patterns of four enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (asat ... | 1990 | 1692415 |
| identification and biochemical characterization of antigens of tachyzoites and bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii with cross-reactive epitopes. | the aim of the present work was the identification and biochemical characterization of antigens from the tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages of toxoplasma gondii that share cross-reactive epitopes. our previous work has demonstrated the induction by tachyzoite excreted-secreted antigens of both a humoral and a cell-mediated protective response. we investigated the question as to whether some bradyzoite and tachyzoite (excreted-secreted, soluble or membrane) antigens share cross-reactive epitopes. u ... | 1990 | 1696376 |
| use of acute-stage-specific antigens of toxoplasma gondii for serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. | antisera to acetone-fixed tachyzoites were prepared by immunizing rabbits intravenously with the fixed organisms. immunoblots in which purified immunoglobulin g (igg) of the antisera was used recognized four antigens of a supernatant (after centrifugation at 10,000 x g for 30 min) fraction of sonicated tachyzoites. a purified toxoplasma antigen fraction, referred to as acute-stage-specific (ac) antigen, that contained mainly three antigens was obtained by affinity chromatography by using the pur ... | 1990 | 1697601 |
| [problems in the demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in muscle tissue of sheep]. | it is a known fact that sheep usually show a high level of infection with the parasite toxoplasma gondii. samples of five grams of muscular tissue taken from the diaphragms of forty sheep were digested with trypsin. the digested material was microscopically examined for bradyzoites of toxoplasma using the giemsa-staining method and a toxoplasma-specific immunofluorescence test. in spite of the fact that antibodies were detected with the elisa in sixty-five percent of the sheep, toxoplasma could ... | 1991 | 1703333 |
| identification of a 15-kilodalton surface glycoprotein on sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum. | an immunoglobulin a monoclonal antibody (mab5c3) was developed against a 15-kda surface glycoprotein (gp15) of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. indirect immunofluorescence and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antibody reacted with both the sporozoite and merozoite surface plasma membranes. on western immunoblots, mab5c3 binding was found to be strongly inhibited when 200 mm n-acetylglucosamine was used as a competing sugar. n-acetylgalactosamine inhibited binding of ... | 1991 | 1705238 |
| identification of t cell epitopes within a 23-kd antigen (p24) of toxoplasma gondii. | among the potentially vaccinating antigens, the products excreted/secreted by the parasite t. gondii have been demonstrated to be excellent candidates. the molecular cloning of one of these antigens (p24) present in excreted/secreted antigens (esa) has recently been carried out in our laboratory. the recombinant antigen p24 corresponds to a native molecule of 23 kd. we were interested in determining the main epitopes of the p24 antigen eliciting a t lymphocyte response using synthetic peptides d ... | 1991 | 1710549 |
| detection of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in sarcocystis cystozoites by monoclonal antibodies. | a total of 24 hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to sarcocystis muris were established from 3 fusions performed on mice that had been immunized with total protein derived from cystozoites. in all, 19 mabs were of the igg1 isotype, 3 were of the igg2a isotype, and 2 were of the igg3 isotype. the reactivity of the mabs with homologous and heterologous antigens was examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and a dot eli ... | 1991 | 1710803 |
| antigenic characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against sarcocystis muris by western blotting and immuno-electron microscopy. | the antigenic specificities of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against sarcocystis muris cystozoites were examined by western blotting and immuno-electron microscopy against homologous s. muris and heterologous s. gigantea, s. tenella, s. arieticanis, s. capracanis, s. miescheriana and toxoplasma gondii antigens. four mabs reacted in western blots against s. muris antigens: sm-4 and -17 recognized single antigenic bands (31,000 and 34,000 mw, respectively) and sm-2 and -3 reacted against ... | 1991 | 1710804 |
| recognition of tachyzoite and bradyzoite antigens of toxoplasma gondii by infected hosts. | western immunoblots of tachyzoite and bradyzoite antigens of toxoplasma gondii were probed with antisera from rabbits and mice at intervals between 2 and 8 weeks after infection and with human antisera with various titers of antibody. with rabbit and mouse antisera, two groups of antigens with molecular masses of 54 to 63 kda (designated 58.5-kda antigens) and 26 to 29 kda (designated 27.5-kda antigens) were demonstrated commonly for both stages, while those antisera reacted strongly with tachyz ... | 1991 | 1713199 |
| an identical epitope in pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii causing serological cross reactions. | a monoclonal antibody raised against membrane proteins of toxoplasma gondii with molecular weights of 35 and 21 kda also reacts strongly and "specifically" with surface antigens of pneumocystis carinii with molecular weights of 394.2 and 69 kda when used in a direct immunofluorescence antibody test, on the one hand, and in a immunoblot after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), on the other. whether or not this observation might have any phylogenetic relevance re ... | 1991 | 1714080 |
| human t cell clone identifies a potentially protective 54-kda protein antigen of toxoplasma gondii cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. | protective immunity against toxoplasma gondii is recognized to be cell mediated and ifn-gamma is considered to be the major mediator of resistance. thus, protective ag of the parasite must induce ifn-gamma-producing t cells. in order to identify such ag, we have constructed a t. gondii cdna library in the cloning/expression vector lambda gt11, screened this library with a pool of sera of immune donors, and further screened the set of selected recombinant ag using, as probe, a t. gondii-reactive ... | 1991 | 1716289 |
| identification of a virulence-associated antigen of toxoplasma gondii by use of a mouse monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody generated against the mouse-lethal rh strain of toxoplasma gondii was developed. tachyzoites of virulent and avirulent t. gondii isolates grown in permanent macrophage cell cultures were examined for differences in reactivity with this antibody. virulence of these toxoplasma isolates was quantified by injecting different numbers of tachyzoites into nmri mice and observing the animals for signs of infection or death. the monoclonal antibody identified a 23-kda antigen expres ... | 1991 | 1718876 |
| strategy for diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii in stereotactic brain biopsies. | the colloidal gold method using polyclonal antitoxoplasma antibodies was used to detect toxoplasma organisms in stereotactic brain biopsies of patients with aids. for comparison, conventional histologic staining and additional other immunohistochemical methods were also studied in the same cases. compared to the other stains, a reliable diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii could be established with the colloidal gold method in all patients investigated. this method was highly specific and sensitive an ... | 1991 | 1719595 |
| kinetics and regulation of nk activity by interleukin-2 and interferon in acute toxoplasmosis. | natural killer (nk) activity against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and tumour cells during acute toxoplasmosis was investigated using a single-cell nk assay. during the course of infection the percentage of lymphocytes binding tachyzoites and tumour cells did not vary significantly and nk activity was enhanced due to an increase in the specific cytolytic capacity per cell. to determine whether regulatory mechanisms mediated by cytokines might explain the increased nk activity, the kinetics of in ... | 1991 | 1719615 |
| implications of interferon-induced tryptophan catabolism in cancer, auto-immune diseases and aids. | tryptophan (trp) is an indispensable amino acid required for biosynthesis of proteins, serotonin and niacin. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is induced by infections, viruses, lipopolysaccharides, or interferons (ifns) and this results in significant catabolism of trp along the kynurenine (kyn) pathway. intracellular growth of toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia psittaci in human fibroblasts in vitro is inhibited by ifn-gamma and this inhibition is negated by extra trp in the medium. similarly, gr ... | 1991 | 1722946 |
| [immunohistochemical demonstration of extracerebral toxoplasmosis in aids]. | tissue slides obtained at autopsy from 80 cases with aids were studied immunhistochemically for infection with toxoplasma gondii. in 35 cases (43.75%) toxoplasmosis could be found: in 22 cases (27.5%) only cerebral, in 9 cases (11.25%) cerebral and extracerebral and in 4 cases (5%) only extracerebral. necrotizing lesions, due to the parasite could be seen in brain, heart, lungs, pancreas, adrenal glands and testis, only intracellular trophozoites without tissue damage in git, liver, lymphnodes, ... | 1991 | 1724828 |
| ifn-gamma-induced l-arginine-dependent toxoplasmastatic activity in murine peritoneal macrophages is mediated by endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | activated murine peritoneal macrophages inhibit the intracellular proliferation of toxoplasma gondii and produce a number of cytokines, such as tnf-alpha and il-1. both tnf-alpha and il-1 have been reported to be involved in the immune response against various microorganisms, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects are not known. in the present study it was investigated whether endogenously produced tnf-alpha and il-1 are involved in the activation of peritoneal macrophages by rifn-gamm ... | 1992 | 1729374 |
| effects of swimming exercise on the pathogenesis of acute murine toxoplasma gondii me49 infection. | the effects of swimming exercise on the pathogenesis of acute murine toxoplasma infection were studied. swimming (45 min/day) initiated on the day of inoculation with the avirulent me49 strain of toxoplasma gondii did not alter survival of infected mice. at a later stage of infection, daily swimming appeared to promote the recovery of appetite and weight gain. immune activation was apparent in toxoplasma-infected mice, and swimming blunted splenic enlargement but not the respiratory burst activi ... | 1992 | 1730160 |
| toxoplasma gondii: the role of a 30-kda surface protein in host cell invasion. | c1e3, a monoclonal antibody recognizing protein p30, a major surface antigen of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, was shown to have a consistent effect on invasion in adult bovine kidney cells. in 10 replicate assays, the overall invasion was reduced to 37% of control values (p less than 0.0001). these results support the role of a functional role for p30 in mediating invasion. | 1992 | 1730266 |
| anti-p30 iga antibodies as prenatal markers of congenital toxoplasma infection. | this study extends a previous study and confirms that the detection of anti-p30 iga antibodies is very helpful in the diagnosis of acute acquired or congenital toxoplasmosis. moreover, we demonstrate that an anti-p30 iga response can be mounted in the fetuses infected by toxoplasma gondii during their intra-uterine life as early as week 23 of gestation. a double-sandwich elisa described in our previous work was used to detect anti-p30 iga antibodies in 1378 human serum samples collected from 551 ... | 1992 | 1735195 |
| sarcocystis falcatula of opossums: transmission by cockroaches with fatal pulmonary disease in psittacine birds. | old world psittacines experienced an acute fatal illness in outdoor breeding collections in south florida. toxoplasma-like organisms were found histologically in pulmonary capillaries and elsewhere. because the organisms underwent schizogony and could not be transmitted to mice, we looked for a cause other than toxoplasma gondii. an opossum was trapped on the premises of 1 facility and was found to be shedding sporocysts similar to sarcocystis falcatula in its feces. cockroaches were prevalent a ... | 1992 | 1738053 |
| isolation of toxoplasma gondii from a naturally infected beef cow. | toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the intestinal wall of an adult shorthorn cow. the cow had an antibody titer of 1:1,600 in the t. gondii agglutination test using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. the strain of the parasite designated ct-1 was lethal to mice. this is the first report of the recovery of viable t. gondii from a naturally infected cow in the united states. | 1992 | 1738059 |
| infrequent detection of toxoplasma gondii genome in toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: a polymerase chain reaction study. | the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis is currently established by histologic evaluation with confirmation by serologic studies. we used a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction methodology for the identification of toxoplasmic genomes previously reported by others to investigate whether this technology could contribute to the diagnosis. we were able to reliably detect toxoplasmic genomes in paraffin-embedded tissues of toxoplasmic encephalitis and myocarditis, and serial dilution ... | 1992 | 1740299 |
| polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) gene correlate with murine resistance to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and with levels of tnf-alpha mrna in infected brain tissue. | murine resistance to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) has recently been mapped to the d region of the major histocompatibility complex (h-2). since the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is located 5' of the d region and tnf-alpha has been implicated as playing a role in neurological diseases, we were interested in determining the relationship of tnf-alpha production to te resistance. we have demonstrated that resistance to te in inbred mice can be correlated with speci ... | 1992 | 1740661 |
| toxoplasmosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. comparative serological studies. | there are still controversial views as to the relation between sle and toxoplasmosis. therefore, we looked for serological markers in both diseases. in patients with sle (17), toxoplasmosis (28), and in normal controls (28) anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies of different specificities, anti-histone and anti-cardiolipine antibodies, as well as antibodies against most common public idiotypes were measured. significant increases in antinuclear antibodies and other sle-relate ... | 1991 | 1746168 |
| comparison of latex agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and elisa techniques for the detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in the serum of cats. | the primary purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available latex agglutination and indirect hemagglutination kits for the detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies were capable of detecting t. gondii-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) in the serum of cats. serum samples from 35 cats containing either t. gondii-specific igm, t. gondii-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), or both were collected. each serum sample was assayed using a latex agglutination kit, an indirect hem ... | 1991 | 1748982 |
| [bone marrow changes at several stages of hiv infection, studied on bone marrow biopsies in 85 patients]. | bone marrow biopsies from eighty-five patients with different stages of hiv infection were reviewed. biopsies were generally indicated to evaluate peripheral blood abnormalities, but suspicion of lymphoma and other specific pathologies was another important indication. the histopathological features are described and are often suggestive of hiv infection but non-specific. hypercellularity (72.9%), dysmyelopoiesis (78.8%), plasma cell hyperplasia (97.7%), lymphoid infiltration (27%) and histiocyt ... | 1991 | 1755664 |
| comparison of the vitek immunodiagnostic assay system with an indirect immunoassay (toxostat test kit) for detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in clinical specimens. | the value and convenience of testing for specific anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies have led to the development of various antibody detection methods, such as the enzyme immunoassay. two enzyme immunoassays, the vitek immuno-diagnostic assay system (vidas; vitek systems, hazelwood, mo.) and the toxostat test kit (tst; whittaker bioproducts, walkersville, md.), were compared for their ability to detect t. gondii immunoglobulin g antibodies in fresh human sera. specimens were tested according to t ... | 1991 | 1757547 |
| toxoplasma serology, parasitemia and antigenemia in patients at risk for toxoplasmic encephalitis. | in order to further characterize the pathogenesis of toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with aids and aids-related complex (arc), a cohort of hiv- and toxoplasma-infected individuals were identified and prospectively followed. four hundred and 10 hiv-infected individuals followed in the san francisco general hospital aids clinic were screened for antibodies to toxoplasma between november 1986 and november 1988. of the 67 (16%) individuals seropositive for toxoplasma antibodies, 33 (49%) wer ... | 1991 | 1768386 |
| diagnosis of acute pulmonary toxoplasmosis by visualization of invasive and intracellular tachyzoites in giemsa-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | two patients with aids presented with pulmonary toxoplasmosis. diagnosis was achieved by the visualization, in giemsa-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, of tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii that were extracellular and in the process of invading or within pneumocytes. the intracellular localization of tachyzoites facilitated diagnosis by obviating potential confusion of extracellular tachyzoites with cellular debris or platelets. | 1991 | 1774274 |
| investigations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for trichinella spiralis and toxoplasma gondii in the dutch 'integrated quality control for finishing pigs' research project. | in the framework of the dutch field trial 'integrated quality control (iqc) for finishing pigs' elisa (screening) techniques were used to detect animals seropositive for toxoplasma gondii and/or trichinella spiralis. the aim was to determine whether farms which consistently delivered seropositive pigs could be detected and monitored (defined as 'problem farms'). the investigation involved 120 farms and three slaughterhouses, and a total of 23,348 serum samples were examined. in addition, all pig ... | 1991 | 1776233 |
| two cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis in aids patients mimicking hiv-related dementia. | two unusual cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis in aids patients are presented. two homosexual males aged 33 and 52 years in cdc stage iv c1 complained of memory loss during the past 6 months, as well as weight loss and mild fever. they showed severe intellectual deterioration and discrete basal ganglia dysfunction. motor performance and cognitive function as well as the conventional eeg findings were grossly abnormal. mri was normal in the younger patient but showed signal-intensive zones in the ba ... | 1991 | 1779250 |
| differential targeting of dense granule proteins in the parasitophorous vacuole of toxoplasma gondii. | the biosynthesis and fate of 4 different dense granule proteins of toxoplasma gondii were studied with 3 monoclonal antibodies raised against tachyzoites and 1 polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein. these proteins have the following molecular weights: 27 kda (gra 1), 28 kda (gra 2), 30 kda (gra 3) and 40 kda (gra 4). all four proteins were found in dense granules by immunoelectron microscopy; in t. gondii-infected cells, they were found in the vacuolar network but, in addition ... | 1991 | 1780169 |
| [serology against toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women. development of prevalence rates in the course of 4 years]. | sera from 1,221 pregnant women were screened for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence rate of antibodies was 38.9%. we have observed specific igm antibodies 15 pregnant women (1.2%). the prevalence rate was not increased significantly with the age and number of pregnancies. the seropositivity was reduced significantly in the 4th year studied. the high rate of seronegativity observed in the pregnant women represent a high risk of toxoplasma infestation. | 1991 | 1780527 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in rural india: a preliminary study. | | 1991 | 1780991 |
| a gene(s) within the h-2d region determines the development of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice. | studies were performed in a murine model to determine if there is genetic control of the development of toxoplasmic encephalitis. ten weeks after infection with the me49 strain of toxoplasma gondii, mice with the h-2b haplotype (c57bl/6, c57bl/10) and h-2k haplotype (c3h/he, cba/j) developed remarkable inflammatory changes in their brains, whereas mice with the h-2a haplotype (a/j) and h-2d haplotype (balb/c, dba/2) did not. in the area of acute focal inflammation in mice with the h-2b and h-2k ... | 1991 | 1783431 |
| adult-onset still's disease associated to toxoplasma gondii infection. | adult-onset still's disease is characterized by high spiking fever, evanescent maculopapular rash and arthritis. several recent reports have associated its development with a variety of infectious agents. we describe the case of a 25-year old woman presenting high fever, maculopapular rash and seronegative polyarthritis associated with lymphoadenopathy, splenomegaly and neutrophil leucocytosis together with acute acquired toxoplasmosis. other causes of systemic illness were excluded by appropria ... | 1991 | 1790646 |
| incidence of toxoplasmosis in patients with glandular fever and in healthy blood donors. | the differential diagnosis of the clinical syndrome of glandular fever may include epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii infection. some general practitioners and clinical laboratories choose to perform serological investigations for toxoplasmosis in all patients with glandular fever, who have negative paul-bunnell test results. the validity of this approach was assessed by a comparison of the incidence of toxoplasmosis in healthy blood donors and in a group of patients with ... | 1991 | 1793647 |
| isolation of toxoplasma gondii from immunocompromised patients using tissue culture. | | 1991 | 1800373 |
| toxoplasma antibodies in hiv-positive patients from nairobi. | sera from 94 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) 1, together with 86 controls, attending the kenyatta national hospital, nairobi were examined for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using enzyme immunoassay and latex and dye tests. 54% had toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) by dye test. 22% of the hiv-positive group had igg levels in excess of 180 units/ml (approximating to a dye test titre of 1:1300) compared to 1% of the hiv-negative group. there was no correlation b ... | 1991 | 1801345 |
| laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis is usually diagnosed in the clinical laboratory by detecting antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, and only rarely by isolating the parasites. a number of serologic tests are used; each has its own advantages and disadvantages. the methods of diagnosis and their interpretations differ for each clinical category of infection. | 1991 | 1802529 |
| [endomyocardial biopsy in the heart transplant patient: the state of the art]. | data regarding 2176 endomyocardial biopsies (emb) (nov. '85-dec. '89) performed in 164 transplanted hearts (4 etherotopic) from 158 patients (6 retransplants) are herein reported. this study was aimed to evaluate: 1) incidence and characteristics of early ischemic myocardial damage. 2) the influence of different immunosurveillance protocols on incidence, degree and aggressiveness of acute rejection and the inflammatory infiltrate composition. 3) the immunophenotype of infiltrating cells in moder ... | 1991 | 1804749 |
| [the role of toxoplasma gondii in the etiology of chronic tonsillitis in children]. | toxoplasma gondii is know to have an affinity to lymphatic tissue. the authors studied whether after infection of the child's body t. gondii does or does not determine the chronic course of tonsillitis. in 712 children with chronic tonsillitis serological examinations for toxoplasmosis were carried out by means of rvk, nir and elisa. low titers of toxoplasme antibodies were found in 8.0% of the children examined. in light of the following findings the authors conclude that toxoplasme tonsillitis ... | 1991 | 1809471 |
| kinetics of the growth and variation in infectivity of toxoplasma gondii in mice. | | 1991 | 1811443 |
| effect of rifn-gamma and il-2 treatments in mouse and nude rat infections with toxoplasma gondii. | mice and nude rats lethally infected with t. gondii and treated with recombinant rat interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) or recombinant human interleukin-2 (ril-2) were protected against death, when compared with untreated infected controls. in mice rifn-gamma and ril-2 played an important role in "prophylactic treatment", but not in "curative therapy". the survival rate was 42% in mice treated with 3 doses of 20,000 u of rifn-gamma at days -2, -1, 0 before challenge and up to 66% in mice treated with ... | 1991 | 1813013 |
| interferon gamma fails to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill or inhibit the replication of a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species. | the ability of interferon gamma (gamma) to activate human macrophages to kill mycobacteria was investigated using a mycobacterial species that does not cause disease in man. although interferon activated human macrophage activity against other intracellular parasites, toxoplasma gondii and listeria monocytogenes, it failed to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill not only mycobacterium tuberculosis but also the non-pathogenic species, mycobacterium phlei. | 1991 | 1813779 |
| cerebral toxoplasmosis in danish aids patients. | we estimate the frequency of central nervous system (cns) toxoplasmosis in danish aids patients and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy using the following criteria for acceptance of the diagnosis: either (1) the demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue or (2) one or more hypodense or ring-enhancing lesions on computerized axial tomography (cat) scan and a neurologic and cat scan improvement in response to 2 weeks of treatment. from 1981 until july 1990 266 patients were diagnosed with ai ... | 1991 | 1815332 |
| prenatal serologic screening in bahrain. | between 1988 and 1990, serological surveys designed to study local disease prevalence and assess the clinical value of various prenatal screening tests were undertaken at salmaniya medical center in bahrain. high maternal antibody prevalence (greater than 85%) to cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) and rubella was demonstrated, and 28% showed antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the lowest seroprevalence values were found for hbsag (1.2%) and treponema pallidum (0.9%). routine testing ... | 1991 | 1815343 |
| 566c80, an antimalarial hydroxynaphthoquinone with broad spectrum: experimental activity against opportunistic parasitic infections of aids patients. | hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 was synthesised and initially developed as an antimalarial with potent activity against drug-resistant strains of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. subsequent studies have revealed that in addition, this compound has experimental activity, both in vitro and in vivo, against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii; the data obtained thus far for cryptosporidium parvum are equivocal. currently 566c80 is being assessed clinically not only against mal ... | 1991 | 1818143 |
| in vitro culture of toxoplasma gondii. | | 1991 | 1818400 |
| quantitative immunolocalization of four immunodominant antigens of toxoplasma gondii. | ultrastructural localization of four immunodominant antigens of toxoplasma gondii was investigated quantitatively on thin sections and replicas by an immunogold technique using four monoclonal antibodies (mab). on immunoblot mab iv47, gii9, ii38 and ie10 identified proteins of 28, 30, 45 and 66-70 kda, respectively. use of digital image analyzer and a semi-automatic procedure developed by us, the patterns of label distribution were compared in three cell structures: cell surface, submembrane are ... | 1991 | 1819367 |
| [evaluation of the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in togo]. | the authors compare the seropositivity against toxoplasma gondii in 618 women from 13 to 55 years old coming from 6 different regions of togo. the sera were examined for the presence of igg by elisa technic. the results show a significant difference with regions (extremes: 62 and 88% seropositive subjects) but religion, ethnic origin and diet do not seem to have any influence. | 1991 | 1819417 |
| low toxoplasma antibody prevalence in serologic surveys of humans in southern mexico. | antibody prevalence to toxoplasma gondii among residents of a pacific coastal region of oaxaca state, mexico is among low rates reported worldwide. from 60 small, rural communities, 3229 persons from ages 6 months to over 70 years provided blood specimens that were stored on filter papers. 124 (3.8%) of the eluates were seropositive (positive titer greater than 1:256) in the indirect hemagglutination test, and 43 (1.3%) had titers greater than 1:1024. seropositive rates increased by age group an ... | 1991 | 1819978 |
| [dna hybridization technique for the detection of toxoplasma gondii]. | | 1991 | 1820510 |
| [laser therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis]. | the authors present the results of treatment by laser coagulation of inflammatory retino-choroidal foci in 32 persons with ocular toxoplasmosis. the diagnosis of toxoplasma etiology was set on a basis of positive immunological reaction for toxoplasma gondii antigen and after exclusion of other etiological factors. among 42 eyes stabilization of the process after 1 intervention was observed in 34, i.e. in 89 p.c. (period of observation--up to 4 years). in the following 8 eyes arised the necessity ... | 1991 | 1821020 |
| [monoclonal antibodies against toxoplasma gondii for the histopathologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. | | 1991 | 1821915 |
| 566c80: a potent broad spectrum anti-infective agent with activity against malaria and opportunistic infections in aids patients. | 566c80 is a novel hydroxynaphthoquinone with broad-spectrum anti-parasitic properties. in vitro the compound was more potent against plasmodium falciparum than any of the established anti-malarial drugs. it had good activity against the pathogen in aotus monkeys and was also effective in rodents infected with various drug-resistant strains of p. yoelii and p. berghei. in mice the compound showed significant activity against toxoplasma gondii. evaluation of the metabolic stability of 566c80 to na ... | 1991 | 1822435 |
| review of toxoplasmosis in malaysia. | various studies on toxoplasmosis in malaysia have shown that specific antibodies to toxoplasma gondii are common among malaysians. among the ethnic groups, the malays have the highest prevalence rate followed by indians, orang aslis (aborigines) and chinese. antibody is acquired early in life and increases with age. there is no significant difference in the prevalence rate between males and females. the disease is apparently more prevalent among rural dwellers and those in the lower socioeconomi ... | 1991 | 1822863 |
| epidemiology of swine toxoplasmosis in taiwan. | from july 1987 to june 1988, serum samples from 3,880 pigs from eight geographic locations in taiwan were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (la test) and igm-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (igm-elisa). a total of 1,073 samples (27.65%) were positive by the la test. the percentage of positive reactions varied by location as follows: taoyuan 44.44% (128/288), taichung 27.60% (183/663), tainan 22.28% (119/534), kaohsiung 19.60% (98/500), pingtung 17.92% ... | 1991 | 1822866 |
| studies on the use of cobalt-60 irradiation to control infectivity of toxoplasma gondii cysts. | mouse brains harboring the chinese nt strain of toxoplasma gondii cysts were homogenized with normal saline and irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at various doses. the homogenate was introduced intraperitoneally into nih mice or per os into kittens. loss of infectivity was confirmed according to the following criteria: no cyst found in mouse brain impression smears on the 50th day after inoculation; no oocyst found in feces of kittens 3-15 days after inoculation; subinoculation in mice and a ... | 1991 | 1822867 |
| toxoplasmosis in singapore. | the present paper reports research done in the following areas in the parasitology unit of the department of microbiology, national university of singapore: determination of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in different igg subclasses; immunoblot analysis of the antibody response to t. gondii and identification of key reactive epitopes; production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to t. gondii; and the development of an igm capture elisa. igg1 is the dominant subclass involved in th ... | 1991 | 1822868 |
| long term maintenance of toxoplasma gondii (rh strain) in vero cell line and use of harvested antigens for immunodiagnosis. | thirty in vitro serial passages of toxoplasman gondii cultures in vero cell line performed once in every five days had a mean increase in parasite count of 74.4 +/- 14.8 times from that of initial counts. long term cultures in vero cell line did not alter the virulence of the parasite. the good correlation (r = 0.99) between the ifa titer and elisa od values using the parasite antigens from in vitro sources indicates that long term maintenance of t. gondii in culture does not affect significantl ... | 1991 | 1822869 |
| current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the united states. | although not a major public health problem, food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the united states are the cause of numerous diseases that occur widely in the population. the most common food-borne parasitic diseases in the united states are trichinosis, toxoplasmosis, taeniasis/cysticercosis, diphyllobothriasis, and anisakiasis. since 1947, when the us public health service began to record statistics on trichinosis cases in humans, the numbers of reported cases in the united states have declined ma ... | 1991 | 1822940 |
| current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in west germany. | the present status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in west germany is characterized by a relatively high frequency of toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis and taenia saginata infections. from empirical data it can be estimated that 4% of the german population become infected per year by toxoplasma gondii as well as by sarcocystis species (s. hominis, s. suihominis). the number of t. saginata infected persons is reckoned at 900,000, which is equal to an average prevalence of 1.5%. due to meat inspection ... | 1991 | 1822942 |
| toxoplasmosis--an overview. | increasing concern over food safety has focussed attention on food-borne parasitic diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis. infection by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is widely prevalent in humans and in food animals. cats are the main reservoirs of infection because they are only hosts that excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. toxoplasma gondii infection is transmitted by ingesting undercooked infected meat, congenitally, and via feces of infected cats. the most severe clinical in ... | 1991 | 1822945 |
| study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in indonesia: a review. | congenital toxoplasmosis has been confirmed in indonesia. many newborn children in indonesia have congenital anomalies attributable to toxoplasma gondii. the parasite is widespread, with seroprevalence rates of 2-63% in humans, 35-73% in cats, 75% in dogs, 11-36% in pigs, 11-61% in goats, and less than 10% in cows. the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women in the dr cipto mangunkusumo hospital in jakarta is 14.3%, and in 50 abortions it is 67.8%. in patients with a history of one ... | 1991 | 1822946 |
| [myocarditis caused by toxoplasma gondii in a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | male, 26-years old, with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which was admitted in the hospital with focal neurologic disturbance, developed myocardial failure and echocardiographic pattern of ventricular dysfunction. sudden death occurred 18 days after admission and the post mortem microscopic studies showed degenerative abnormalities of cardiac muscular fibers, focal lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate and the presence of t. gondii. | 1991 | 1824212 |
| effect of tryptic or peptic digestion or mechanical isolation on the extraction of proteins, antigens, and ribonucleic acids from sarcocystis muris bradyzoites. | various methods have been used for the isolation of bradyzoites of sarcocystis species. using sarcocystis muris as a model, the effect of 3 methods, trypsin digestion, pepsin digestion, and mechanical isolation, on the subsequent extraction of s. muris proteins, antigens, and rna was examined. although some quantitative differences were found among the proteins, antigens, and rna extracted after the 3 isolation methods, qualitative differences were not evident. the overall isoelectric focusing p ... | 1991 | 1826327 |
| cellular responses of cats with primary toxoplasmosis. | the cellular responses of 8 kittens (4 inoculated orally with mouse brains containing toxoplasma gondii cysts and 4 uninfected controls) were studied. oocyst numbers, body weight, and rectal temperature were monitored daily. blood was collected weekly for serology and mononuclear cell purification. at necropsy, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, spleen, and lymph node cells were harvested. infected cats shed oocysts 4-15 days postinfection, maintained normal body weight and rectal temperature, ... | 1991 | 1826328 |
| functions of the various igg fc receptors in mediating killing of toxoplasma gondii. | the three types of igg fcr (fc gamma ri, fc gamma rii, fc gamma riii) on human leukocytes play an important role in elimination of antibody-coated infectious agents. to further understand the role of the different fc gamma r in mediating this killing, we examined the ability of human myeloid and lymphoid cells to kill the protozoan toxoplasma gondii in the presence of antitoxoplasma igg or bispecific antibodies. although human myeloid cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils) ... | 1991 | 1826707 |
| antigen-induced inhibition of autoimmune response to rat male accessory glands: distinct characteristics of i-a- and i-e-positive peritoneal cells. | the present report describes different aspects of two populations of peritoneal cells (pc) obtained from rats injected i.p. 2 h or 24 h previously with a suppressor dose of a purified fraction (fi) of rat male accessory glands (rag) (fi-pc2h and fi-pc24h, respectively). the fi-pc2h, which are mainly i-e (ox17) positive and can suppress the autoimmune response to rag autoantigens, have an elevated phagocytic activity against candida albicans and capacity to reduce the dye nitroblue tetrazolium. i ... | 1991 | 1828028 |
| [present possibilities of serological detection of the early phase of the disease caused by toxoplasma gondii]. | the author described the estimation of toxoplasmic antibodies by the method of reverse enzyme immunoanalysis (igm-elisa) in 476 sera. the results of igm-elisa were compared with the complement fixation reaction (cfr) and indirect fluorescent reaction igm-elisa. of 217 sera which were igm-nfr positive 115 were positive in igm-elisa. in clinically confirmed acute toxoplasmosis high absorbance values of igm-elisa were recorded and during repeated examination a dynamic drop of antibodies was observe ... | 1991 | 1828720 |
| enhancement of humoral immune response of isospora felis-infected cats after inoculation with toxoplasma gondii. | | 1991 | 1830774 |
| phenotypes, proliferative responses, and suppressor function of lung lymphocytes during toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in mice. | toxoplasma gondii pneumonia has emerged as an important problem in immunocompromised patients, especially those with aids. the characteristics of lung lymphocytes, including their phenotypes, proliferative responses, and suppressor function during t. gondii pneumonia were studied. during primary acute t. gondii infection, the numbers of t lymphocytes in the lungs increased even though mice lacked histologic evidence of pneumonia. as mice recovered from acute toxoplasmosis, numbers of lung cd4+ c ... | 1991 | 1835473 |
| [ocular toxoplasmosis. comparison between two biological methods to study aqueous humor]. | to diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis with certainty is often difficult and requires anti toxoplasma gondii antibodies screening in the aqueous humour. we evaluated the results obtained in 30 controls and 5 patients investigated, using the elisa and indirect immunofluorescence techniques to determine desmonts's c coefficient and the sera/aqueous humour densities ratio obtained with elisa. none of the chorioretinitis-free controls showed a false positive result. negative serum antibodies levels indica ... | 1991 | 1836568 |
| pyrimethamine-clarithromycin combination for therapy of acute toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with aids. | clarithromycin, a new macrolide, is effective in treating experimental toxoplasma gondii infection. a pyrimethamine-clarithromycin combination was evaluated for the treatment of acute toxoplasma encephalitis in 13 aids patients. the scheduled regimen was 2 g of clarithromycin per day and 75 mg of pyrimethamine per day for 6 weeks. the protocol was completed in eight patients and stopped in five patients (because of voluntary withdrawal by two patients, deterioration of neurological condition and ... | 1991 | 1836943 |
| [toxoplasma gondii: 2 cases of recontamination in immune patients]. | | 1991 | 1837141 |
| antigen induced inhibition of autoimmune response to rat male accessory glands: role of thymocytes on the efferent phase of the suppression. | in the present study, we report that cy-sensitive, mrag-adherent spleen mononuclear (spm) inductor-phase t suppressor (ts) cells obtained from rats pretreated with low doses of a purified fraction (fi) of rat male accessory gland antigens (rag) are mainly ox19+ and w3/25+. furthermore, thymocytes from rats pretreated with fi of rag restore the suppression of the autoimmune response to rag autoantigens in irradiated recipients of spm inductor-phase ts cells. in contrast, thymocytes from rats pret ... | 1991 | 1838012 |
| humoral immune response to isospora felis and toxoplasma gondii in cats experimentally inoculated with isospora felis. | | 1991 | 1838701 |
| the isolation of toxoplasma gondii in the blood of a positive h.i.v. patient. | | 1991 | 1842426 |
| repetitive dna sequences of toxoplasma gondii for development of diagnostic probes. | | 1991 | 1842445 |
| [eventual effect of artemisinine on the experimental infection of mice by toxoplasma gondii]. | because of taxonomic similarities to previous data found in the literature, and with the aim of improving treatment of toxoplasmosis, we considered it of interest to assay artemisinin, an effective anti-malarial agent, for the treatment of experimental infection in mice by toxoplasma gondii. different amounts of the anti-parasitic agent were administered, including after previous contact in vitro with toxoplasma and stimulated macrophage production. with the methodology used artemisinin was not ... | 1991 | 1842839 |
| [results of serological reactions in patients with presumptive diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. | even though toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous parasite that can effect most of human structures and organs, not all clinical manifestations suggestive of being produced by it are caused by this protozoon. for these reasons sera samples of patients suspected of having toxoplasmosis are sent to the laboratory for detecting specific antibodies which would facilitate the differential diagnosis. thus, 716 sera from suspected patients, mainly from the metropolitan region of chile, were sent to the pa ... | 1991 | 1844141 |
| [avidity of specific igg antibodies as markers of recent primary infection caused by toxoplasma gondii]. | for serologically characterizing a recent primary toxoplasma infection, the low avidity of igg specific antibodies was studied. avidity was evaluated as the decrease of igg antibody titers in elisa after treating plates with 6 m urea, as a dissociating solution of low avidity antigen-antibody complexes. sixty nine serum samples were studied, presenting characteristic patterns of recent, transitional or chronic toxoplasmosis. serological patterns were determined according to results of igg and ig ... | 1991 | 1844537 |
| [effect of table salt on toxoplasma gondii]. | results of our inquiry on toxoplasma gondii frequency in pork sausages from erechim (rs, brazil), where the incidence of toxoplasmotic chorioretinitis is high (9% according silveira, 1987), revealed only one isolation of the parasite among 40 sausage samples. (martins, 1989). the sausages were prepared with pork and common table salt, and were ingested, frequently, in raw state, during its preparation. in this experiment, table salt action on tachyzoites and cysts of toxoplasma gondii, was inves ... | 1991 | 1844962 |
| [isolation of toxoplasma gondii from peritoneal exudate and organs of mice with experimental infection]. | peritoneal exudates and organs from 53 male albino mice, experimentally infected by toxoplasma gondii were studied, 21 at the acute phase of infection, and 32 at the chronic phase. peritoneal inoculations were made with 0.5 ml of peritoneal exudates (tachyzoites), or brain macerates (cysts) of previously infected mice. direct examinations of peritoneal exudates (tachyzoites) were realized between 3 to 12 days post-inoculation, and in brain (cysts) after 10 days post-inoculation . organs macerate ... | 1991 | 1844973 |
| evaluation of three commercial enzyme immunoassays for toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus antibodies. | three commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eias) were evaluated for specificity and sensitivity compared to immunofluorescent assays (ifas) for detection of igg and igm antibodies to toxoplasma gondii (toxo) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). a panel of 78 sera were tested, including specimens known to contain toxo igg or igm, cmv igm or igm, antinuclear antibodies (ana), antimitochondrial antibodies (ama), and rheumatoid factor (rf). linear correlation analysis comparing eia and ifa results show ... | 1991 | 1847580 |
| diagnosis of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection and pneumonitis in a heart transplant recipient by skin biopsy: case report. | a pulmonary infection caused by both toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus (cmv) developed in a heart transplant recipient. a presumptive diagnosis of cmv pneumonitis was made on the basis of a skin biopsy finding demonstrating cmv inclusions. this diagnosis was later supported by a positive pleural fluid culture for cmv, a greater than fourfold increase in cmv igg antibody, and a response to therapy with ganciclovir sodium. biopsy of skin lesions in patients at risk for cmv infections may repre ... | 1991 | 1851636 |
| naturally occurring immunoglobulin m antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in japanese populations. | varying degrees of naturally occurring immunoglobulin (ig) m antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were observed in almost all of adult japanese populations negative for igg antibodies as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the antibody activity was reduced by absorption of sera with toxoplasma soluble antigen or by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the igm fraction after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. umbilical cord sera had almost no detectable igm antibodies, and the ... | 1991 | 1852482 |
| prospective vaccine prepared from a new mutant of toxoplasma gondii for use in cats. | kittens are the principal disseminators of toxoplasma gondii. they can shed greater than 10(8) oocysts in the feces after initial infection with bradyzoites in tissue cysts. thereafter, most kittens develop protective immunity and do not shed oocysts again if they are reinfected. bradyzoites of a t gondii mutant, designated t-263, were used to vaccinate kittens. their use did not result in oocyst shedding, but successfully prevented 84% (31/37) of the kittens from shedding oocysts when challenge ... | 1991 | 1854103 |
| comparative activity of macrolides against toxoplasma gondii demonstrating utility of an in vitro microassay. | the utility of spiramycin for preventing transplacental transmission of toxoplasmosis and the efficacy of conventional macrolides against toxoplasma gondii are subjects of active debate. an in vitro microassay was developed to determine the relative inhibitory activity against t. gondii of 24 conventional macrolides derived from erythromycin and tylosin (14- and 16-membered macrolides, respectively). macrolides and t. gondii rh tachyzoites were added to monolayers of bt cells grown in 96-well pl ... | 1991 | 1854172 |
| [brain lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | during a period of 3 years 14 patients with aids and cns focal lesions documented by ct scan were evaluated. all patients received empirical treatment against toxoplasma. the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the different etiologies of the neurologic lesions as well as to evaluate the usefulness of routine cerebral biopsy before establishing empiric antitoxoplasma treatment in a population of aids patients with a high incidence of drug addiction. eleven patients developed hist ... | 1991 | 1854855 |
| [antibody titer to toxoplasma gondii in uveitis of toxoplasmosis and other origin]. | the diagnostic value of toxoplasma serology in ocular toxoplasmosis is a controversial issue. some authors feel that a positive titer indicates nothing more than that the patient had been exposed to toxoplasma gondii at some stage. even if in most cases the diagnosis is based on the morphological findings on the fundus, it might sometimes be useful to have an additional serologic evaluation. in a retrospective study we compared the level of antitoxoplasmosis antibodies (measured in a complement ... | 1991 | 1855735 |
| toxoplasmacidal activity of macrophages activated by recombinant major surface antigen (p30) of toxoplasma gondii. | recombinant major surface antigen (p30), which was produced as a glutathione s-transferase (ec 2.5.1.18) fusion protein of toxoplasma gondii, was found to be able to activate macrophages to kill t. gondii in vitro. the macrophage activation was due to p30 in the fusion protein, not to glutathione s-transferase. | 1991 | 1856000 |