| studies on the interaction between grape-associated filamentous fungi on a synthetic medium. | eleven fungi isolated from grapes and sun-dried grapes (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, penicillium janthinellum, p. decumbens, trichoderma harzianum, candida sp., aspergillus carbonarius ota-negative, a. carbonarius ota-positive, a. niger var. niger. and a. japonicus var. aculeatus), were grown in snm medium at different water activities (0.82-0.97) and temperature (20-40 degrees c) levels for 18 days. pairs of one aspergillus faced with one non-aspergillus we ... | 2007 | 16996158 |
| fluorescence spectroscopy: a tool to characterize humic substances in soil colonized by microorganisms? | the ability of eight soil microfungal species, alternaria alternata, clonostachys rosea f. rosea, exophiala cf. salmonis, fusarium cf. coeruleum, fusarium redolens, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium canescens and phoma sp., and two known basidiomycete humic acid (ha) degraders, trametes versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium, to modify fluorescence properties of fulvic acids (fa) and/or has was determined. effects of minerals and/or glucose on the modifications were examined. fa purified o ... | 2006 | 17004653 |
| detection of allergens from alternaria alternata by gold-conjugated anti-human ige and field emission scanning electron microscopy. | fungal allergens are present in viable and non-viable conidia, hyphae and fungal fragments. it has been shown that large quantities of allergen are released from conidia during germination. we used a gold immunolabelling technique and field emission scanning electron microscopy to examine the allergen release from alternaria alternata conidia. immunolabelling was associated with the hyphal tip and amorphous matter associated with the emerging hyphae. non-specific antibody controls showed no labe ... | 2006 | 17028015 |
| exposure to alternaria alternata in us homes is associated with asthma symptoms. | exposure to the fungus alternaria alternata is a risk factor for asthma. few studies have examined alternaria exposures in indoor environments. | 2006 | 17030243 |
| comparison of composition and antifungal activity of artemisia argyi lévl. et vant inflorescence essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. | essential oil of artemisia argyi lévl. et vant inflorescence was obtained by supercritical co(2) extraction and hydrodistillation. the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize its components and was also tested for antifungal activity. a total of 61 compounds were identified in the hydrodistilled oil. the major components were 1,8-cineole (4.46%), borneol (3.58%), terpinol (10.18%), spathulenol (10.03%), caryophyllene oxide (6.51%), juniper camphor (8.74%), camazu ... | 2006 | 17032625 |
| variability of alt a 1 expression by different strains of alternaria alternata. | while it is well known that there is significant intraspecific variation in the content an potency of alternaria alternata allergens, little data has been published on intraspecific variability for individual allergens from moulds. | 2006 | 17039665 |
| clustered sensitivity to fungi: anaphylactic reactions caused by ingestive allergy to yeasts. | respiratory allergy to environmental molds is relatively common, and fungal allergen-specific reactivity seems to cluster in certain persons. however, generalized reactions caused by ingested fungi have seldom been described. | 2006 | 17042133 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassay-based assays for environmental alternaria alternata. | alternaria alternata-derived allergenic materials are causes of human disease. several immunoassays exist to quantify these materials. | 2006 | 17042141 |
| antifungal activity of diketopiperazines extracted from alternaria alternata against plasmopara viticola: an ultrastructural study. | three dipeptides, belonging to the family of diketopiperazines (dkps), were extracted from broth culture of the grapevine endophyte alternaria alternata, and were tested against plasmopara viticola on leaves of grapevine plants grown in greenhouse. dkps, used at different concentrations (10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5) and 10(-6)m) both singularly and in mixtures, demonstrated real effectiveness in inhibiting p. viticola sporulation when applied 2 or 24h after pathogen inoculation. moreover, no necrotic ... | 2007 | 17071094 |
| g protein signaling mediates developmental processes and pathogenesis of alternaria alternata. | a g protein alpha subunit gene (aga1) has been cloned and characterized from a toxigenic and necrotrophic alternaria alternata pathogen. targeted disruption of aga1 in the apple pathotype of a. alternata gave rise to mutants that differed in colony and conidial morphology as well as sporulation. the conidia of wild type and deltaaga1 mutants showed equal germination on cellulose membranes. however, wild-type germ tubes formed readily from different points around the conidia, grew randomly, and w ... | 2006 | 17073310 |
| halogen immunoassay, a new method for the detection of sensitization to fungal allergens; comparisons with conventional techniques. | accurate diagnosis of allergy to specific fungal species is confounded by the variability in allergens occurring with different diagnostic systems. we compared the halogen immunoassay (hia), which uses allergens expressed by freshly germinated spores that are bound to protein binding membranes (pbm), with the commercial pharmacia unicap assay (cap) and with skin prick tests (spt). | 2006 | 17075249 |
| induction of systemic resistance in tomato by n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone-producing rhizosphere bacteria. | n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules are utilized by gram-negative bacteria to monitor their population density (quorum sensing) and to regulate gene expression in a density-dependent manner. we show that serratia liquefaciens mg1 and pseudomonas putida isof colonize tomato roots, produce ahl in the rhizosphere and increase systemic resistance of tomato plants against the fungal leaf pathogen, alternaria alternata. the ahl-negative mutant s. liquefaciens mg44 was less effective in ... | 2006 | 17087474 |
| mannitol metabolism in the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata. | mannitol metabolism in fungi is thought to occur through a mannitol cycle first described in 1978. in this cycle, mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.17) was proposed to reduce fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate, followed by dephosphorylation by a mannitol 1-phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.22) resulting in inorganic phosphate and mannitol. mannitol would be converted back to fructose by the enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.138). although mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase w ... | 2007 | 17092745 |
| treatment of cutaneous infection by alternaria alternata with voriconazole in a liver transplant patient. | alternaria alternata is a dematiaceous mold capable of causing systemic and dermatological infections in immunosuppressed patients. we present a case of a liver transplant patient with cutaneous alternariosis and no response to amphotericin b lipid or surgical debridement of the lesions. treatment with intravenous voriconazole was initiated, followed by the oral protocol, with complete resolution of the lesions. voriconazole is an efficient alternative for the treatment of cutaneous lesions prod ... | 2006 | 17097985 |
| control of alternaria alternata by cassia oil in combination with potassium chloride or sodium chloride. | to compare antifungal effects of cassia oil alone and in combination with potassium chloride (kcl) or sodium chloride (nacl) against alternaria alternata in vitro and in vivo. | 2006 | 17105562 |
| carrot antifreeze protein does not exhibit the polygalacturonase-inhibiting activity of pgip family. | the carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein (dcafp) has a strong antifreeze activity and identified as belonging to the plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) family based on its sequence similarities, including the presence of a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motif. in this study, yeast two-hybrid technology was used to analyze whether the carrot afp could act as a pgip. the complete dcafp and polygalacturonase (pgase; obtained from fungus alternaria alternata by rt-pcr) coding sequence ... | 2006 | 17112975 |
| in vitro effects of fungi isolated from equine hooves on primary human keratinocytes. | the effects of two dermatophytes (microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophytes) and four moulds (scopulariopsis brevicaulis, alternaria alternata, geotrichum candidum and penicillium spp.) on living keratinocyte cultures were examined in vitro using primary human keratinocytes. rates of apoptosis of infected cells were determined using a colorimetric tunel system which detects the characteristic nuclear dna fragmentation of apoptotic cells. the cytotoxicity of the individual fungi was tes ... | 2006 | 17127628 |
| skin infection due to alternaria species in kidney allograft recipients: report of a new case and review of the literature. | a kidney allograft recipient developed a cutaneous infection 29 months after transplantation, due to the dematiaceous fungus alternaria infectoria on his right forearm and left leg. since the lesions were too large to be excised, the patient was treated only with systemic itraconazole and a reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy. after 4 months, the lesions were completely healed, and no relapses were observed at follow-up of 22 months. twenty-seven other cases of cutaneous alternariosis hav ... | 2006 | 17136699 |
| seasonal distribution of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium species isolated in homes of fungal allergic patients. | allergy to airborne fungi can cause rhinitis and severe asthma, hence the exposure to spores inside home is an important factor of sensitization. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution and prevalence of species of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium inside and outside of homes of patients allergic to fungi and to evaluate seasonal variations. | 2006 | 17153883 |
| expression of a novel small antimicrobial protein from the seeds of motherwort (leonurus japonicus) confers disease resistance in tobacco. | medicinal plants are valuable resources of natural antimicrobial materials. a novel small protein with antimicrobial activities, designated ljamp1, was purified from the seeds of a medicinal herb, motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt). ljamp1 is a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of 7.8 kda and a determined isoelectric point of 8.2. in vitro assays showed that ljamp1 inhibits the growth of an array of fungi and bacteria. the hyphal growth inhibition by ljamp1 was more evident against hy ... | 2007 | 17158620 |
| enhanced fungal resistance in transgenic cotton expressing an endochitinase gene from trichoderma virens. | mycoparasitic fungi are proving to be rich sources of antifungal genes that can be utilized to genetically engineer important crops for resistance against fungal pathogens. we have transformed cotton and tobacco plants with a cdna clone encoding a 42 kda endochitinase from the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma virens. plants from 82 independently transformed callus lines of cotton were regenerated and analysed for transgene expression. several primary transformants were identified with endochiti ... | 2003 | 17166131 |
| alternaria alternata nadp-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase is an important fungal allergen. | alternaria alternata is one of the most important allergenic fungi worldwide. mannitol dehydrogenase (mtdh) has previously been shown to be a major allergen of cladosporium herbarum and cross-reactivity has been demonstrated for several fungal allergens. | 2006 | 17177674 |
| characterization of ntchitiv, a class iv chitinase induced by beta-1,3-, 1,6-glucan elicitor from alternaria alternata 102: antagonistic effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on the induction of ntchitiv. | tobacco by-2 class iv chitinases (tbc-1, tbc-3) were rapidly and transiently induced by the beta-1,3-, 1,6-glucan elicitor from alternaria alternata 102 (aaglucan). the full-length cdna and 5'-flanking region of a gene encoding class iv chitinases were isolated on the basis of the amino acid sequence of tbc-1. sequence analysis indicated that ntchitiv encoded tbc-1, tbc-3, or both. since purified tbc-1 and tbc-3 from by-2 cells lack a chitin binding domain in the n-terminal region, these enzymes ... | 2007 | 17178105 |
| comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. | the chemical composition of the flower and unripe and ripe fruits from fennel (bitter) (foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) has been examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the main identified components of the flower and unripe and ripe fruit oils were estragole (53.08%, 56.11%, and 61.08%), fenchone (13.53%, 19.18%, and 23.46%), and alpha-phellandrene (5.77%, 3.30%, and 0.72%), respectively. minor qualitative and major quantitative variations for some compounds ... | 2006 | 17201644 |
| [short communication: prevalence of fungal allergy in patients applied to hospital with symptoms of atopic disease in kocaeli, turkey]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fungal sensitization and to detect the ige and eosinophilic cationic protein (ecp) levels in the positive cases inhabiting in kocaeli province (located in northwest region of turkey). the results of mixed fungus tests of 1.799 patients (870 male, 929 female) ages between 3-80 years old who were admitted to kocaeli university medical faculty hospital in the period of january 2002-january 2005, with the symptoms of atopic disease such as u ... | 2006 | 17205697 |
| [extracellular proteinases of filamentous fungi as potential markers of phytopathogenesis]. | the presence of proteins in the culture liquid of filamentous fungi under study was found to induce the secretion of proteinases. the inhibitory analysis of the major extracellular proteinases of the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma harzianum and the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata showed that they both belong to the group of serine proteinases. the substrate specificity of these proteinases and their sensitivity to inhibitors suggest that the enzyme of t. harzianum is a subtilisin-li ... | 2006 | 17205798 |
| geographical variation in the prevalence of positive skin tests to environmental aeroallergens in the european community respiratory health survey i. | many studies have reported the prevalence of sensitization using skin prick tests. however, comparisons between studies and between regions are difficult because the number and the type of allergens tested vary widely. using the european community health respiratory survey i data, the geographical variation of sensitization to environmental allergen as measured by skin tests was established. | 2007 | 17298348 |
| in vitro biocontrol analysis of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler under different environmental conditions. | the species trichoderma harzianum was analyzed as possible biocontrol agent of alternaria alternata under different environmental conditions (water activity and temperature). the strains were analyzed macroscopically to obtain the index of dominance. the analysis was completed using two microscopic techniques. t. harzianum showed dominance on contact over a. alternata at all testing temperatures and water activities tested except at 0.95 a(w) and 15 degrees c, at which t. harzianum inhibited a. ... | 2007 | 17356789 |
| ige-bearing cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and allergen-specific ige levels in sera from rao-affected horses. | recurrent airway obstruction (rao) is a common condition in stabled horses characterized by small airway inflammation, airway neutrophilia and obstruction following exposure of susceptible horses to mouldy hay and straw and is thus regarded as a hypersensitivity reaction to mould spores. however, the role of immunoglobulin e antibodies (ige) in the pathogenesis of rao is unclear. we hypothesized that the number of cells with receptor-bound ige in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) and ige level ... | 2007 | 17359454 |
| identification of tenuazonic acid as a novel type of natural photosystem ii inhibitor binding in q(b)-site of chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | tenuazonic acid (tea) is a natural phytotoxin produced by alternaria alternata, the causal agent of brown leaf spot disease of eupatorium adenophorum. results from chlorophyll fluorescence revealed tea can block electron flow from q(a) to q(b) at photosystem ii acceptor side. based on studies with d1-mutants of chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the no. 256 amino acid plays a key role in tea binding to the q(b)-niche. the results of competitive replacement with [(14)c]atrazine combined with jip-test and ... | 2007 | 17379181 |
| [inhibition of hyphal growth of the fungus alternaria alternata by chlorine dioxide gas at very low concentrations]. | the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas at very low concentrations for hyphal growth of alternaria alternata related to fungal allergy was evaluated using a fungus detector. the fungus detector is a plastic sheet with a drop of spore-suspending medium, and it makes possible clear observations of hyphal growth with a light microscope. clo(2) gas (average 0.075 ppm, 0.21 microg/l) inhibited hyphal growth of the fungus, but not germination of fungal spores. the hyphal length was more than 178 ... | 2007 | 17409710 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| the relationship between seroatopy and symptoms of either allergic rhinitis or asthma. | epidemiologic data on allergic rhinitis and asthma are frequently based on self-reported symptoms. | 2007 | 17416408 |
| [indoor allergen sensitization profile in allergic patients of the allergy clinic in the university hospital in uberlândia, brazil]. | to evaluate allergens among patients with allergic respiratory disease attended at the allergy clinic of the university hospital-federal university of uberlândia. | 2007 | 17420889 |
| effects of propagule density and survival strategies on establishment and growth: further investigations in the phylloplane fungal model system. | this work builds on an earlier culture study where we determined that species diversity of competing saprotrophic phyllpolane fungi had only a negligible effect on the establishment and coexistence of a target fungus, pestalotia vaccinii. here, we explore preliminary evidence suggesting that spore density is a more important contributing factor to colonization and coexistence. we examine the influence of propagule density in vitro on establishment and growth of select members of the phylloplane ... | 2008 | 17436116 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by alternaria alternata in an immunocompetent patient. | | 2007 | 17442087 |
| [the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of keratitis caused by alternaria alternata]. | to study the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of keratitis caused by alternaria alternata and to provide evidence for the diagnose and treatment of mycotic keratitis. | 2007 | 17442160 |
| profibrotic effect of il-9 overexpression in a model of airway remodeling. | il-9 overexpression protects against alveolar fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles. this cytokine is also involved in allergic asthma. in the present study, we examined the effect of il-9 overexpression on the subepithelial fibrotic response, a feature of asthmatic remodeling, induced by chronic exposure to alternaria alternata extract. il-9-overexpressing mice (tg5) and their wild-type counterparts (fvb) were intranasally exposed to a. alternata extract or pbs (controls) twice a wee ... | 2007 | 17446528 |
| chronic intranasal administration of mould spores or extracts to unsensitized mice leads to lung allergic inflammation, hyper-reactivity and remodelling. | allergic asthma is a serious multifaceted disease characterized by eosinophil-rich airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and airway wall modifications known as remodelling. we previously demonstrated that the spores of two allergenic moulds, alternaria alternata and cladosporium herbarum, were potent inducers of immunoglobulin e (ige) production. moreover, mice sensitized by two intraperitoneal injections before intranasal challenge with a. alternata or c. herbarum spores developed an alle ... | 2007 | 17506853 |
| virtual polymorphism: finding divergent peptide matches in mass spectrometry data. | the prevailing method of analyzing tandem-ms data for protein identification involves the comparison of peptide molecular weight and fragmentation data to theoretically predicted values, based on known protein sequences in databases. this is generally effective since proteins from most species under study are in the database or have sufficient homology to allow significant matching. we have encountered difficulties identifying proteins from fungal species alternaria alternata due to significant ... | 2007 | 17521167 |
| alternaria alternata crofton-weed toxin: a natural inhibitor of photosystem ii in chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoids. | the action site of alternaria alternata crofton-weed toxin (aac-toxin), isolated first from alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler, was investigated in chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoids. the results revealed that aac-toxin inhibited photophosphorylation in a concentration-dependent pattern. similarly, toxin inhibited uncoupled, basal electron flow and photosystem ii (psii) electron transport as well. however, toxin did not affect photosystem i (psi) activity or the partial reaction of electron t ... | 2007 | 17530770 |
| [epidemiologic investigation of the pollen allergy to cupressaceae in a population at risk for atopy]. | the so-called emerging allergens have gained particular interest as causes of atopic diseases, and among these the cypress pollen. in fact, several allergens derived from the cupressaceae family have appeared for the first time in new environments, thus causing unexpected phenomena. from may 2002 to may 2003 we have examined 560 patients who sought medical attention at the center for allergic diseases in children. the patients came from various towns and villages from southern sardinia and all h ... | 2006 | 17533903 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of some new 3-hydroxy-2-(1-phenyl-3-aryl-4-pyrazolyl) chromones. | seven new 3-hydroxy-2-(1-phenyl-3-aryl-4-pyrazolyl) chromones 4a-g have been synthesized by the oxidation of 2-hydroxychalcone analogues of pyrazole 3a-g with hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) in koh-meoh by algar flynn oymanda (afo) reaction. the structures of the compounds 4 were established by the combined use of (1)h nmr, ir and mass spectra. all the seven compounds were tested in vitro for their antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi, namely helminthosporium species, fusarium ox ... | 2008 | 17555846 |
| [host-selective toxins and their receptors]. | | 2007 | 17566368 |
| suppression of phytopathogenic fungi by hexane extract of nepenthes ventricosa x maxima leaf. | the hexane extract of nepenthes ventricosa x maxima leaf exhibited antifungal activity against alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger, bipolaris oryzae, fusarium oxysporum, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia solani, rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | 2007 | 17573203 |
| the identification of antibacterial compounds for the development of enhanced media for the detection of foodborne fungi. | in an effort to identify a more suitable antibiotic for utilization in mycological media, 12 food borne fungal species from various genera including alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, eurotium chevalieri, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium sp., rhizopus stolonifer, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum, rhodotorula glutinis and kluyveromyces thermotolerans along with 21 chloramphenicol-resistant bacterial isolates from fresh produce and atcc cultures o ... | 2007 | 17574697 |
| pheohyphomycotic soft tissue disease caused by alternaria alternata in a kidney transplant patient: a case report and literature review. | a 61-year-old italian man, who underwent a renal transplantation 8 years ago, receiving azathioprine, prednisone, and cyclosporine for immunosuppressive therapy, presented with a large reddish indurated plaque with a central ulcer, which was slowly enlarged, on the right knee. from the diseased tissue biopsy, a dematiaceous fungus matching alternaria alternata in all essential characters was isolated in pure culture. this is an uncommon fungal complication in a kidney transplant patient. a detai ... | 2007 | 17580210 |
| alternaria alternata prevalence in cereal grains and soybean seeds from entre ríos, argentina. | a mycological survey was carried out at entre ríos province, argentina, on sorghum grain, maize, rice, soybean seeds and on freshly harvested and stored wheat. the isolation frequencies and relative densities of species belonging to genera alternaria, aspergillus, fusarium, penicillium and other fungi were calculated. alternaria alternata was the major fungal species isolated from sorghum, rice, soybean seeds and on freshly harvested wheat, and a low incidence of fusarium species was observed on ... | 2007 | 17592893 |
| [putative mycotoxin-producing fungi isolated from alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits]. | fungi contaminant of alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits from la pampa province (argentina) were identified. alternaria alternata and sphaeropsis sapinea were the dominant species. phoma sp., nigrospora sp., preussia minima, cladosporium sp., pithomyces chartarum, epicoccum nigrum, aspergillus niger and aspergillus speluneus were also isolated but with less frequency. twelve strains of alternaria alternata, the toxigenic species with higher incidence, were screened for alternariol (aoh), alterna ... | 2007 | 17592896 |
| [nasal fungal microbiota in allergic and healthy subjects]. | environmental fungi, moulds and yeasts could reach the nasal cavity with the inhaled air causing respiratory symptoms in atopic subjects, but little is known about the fungal flora of this site. in the present study samples of the nasal cavities of 135 subjects aged 18-35 years (48 allergic patients to fungi, mites and/or cat fur and from 87 normal subjects--healthy, control group) were cultured. all of them lived in the metropolitan area of barcelona. fungi were isolated from 41.5% of healthy p ... | 2007 | 17604431 |
| epidemic asthma and the role of the fungal mold alternaria alternata. | after july 29, 2002, an epidemic of asthma admissions was associated with a thunderstorm in the united kingdom. | 2007 | 17624415 |
| comparison of pathogen-induced expression and efficacy of two amphibian antimicrobial peptides, msra2 and temporin a, for engineering wide-spectrum disease resistance in tobacco. | the rapid accumulation of defensive transgene products in plants only on pathogen invasion has clear advantages over their constitutive synthesis. in this study, two antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of frogs, msra2 (n-methionine-dermaseptin b1) and temporin a, were evaluated for engineering pathogen-induced disease resistance in plants. both peptides inhibited plant-specific pathogens in vitro at micromolar concentrations that were not toxic to plant protoplasts. the plant-optimiz ... | 2007 | 17645440 |
| tricycloalternarene derivatives produced by an endophyte alternaria alternata isolated from maytenus hookeri. | a new tricycloalternarene derivative, named tricycloalternarenal (1), together with three known compounds was isolated from the cultures of alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus in the leaves of the plant maytenus hooker! (celastraceae). structure of 1 was established as (2e)-6-(3, 3a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9a-octahydro-5-hydroxy-3a-methyl-8-oxo-cyclo-penta[b]chromen-1-yl)-2-methylhept-2-enal by spectroscopic methods, including 2d-nmr experiments. the remaining compounds were determined as tricycl ... | 2007 | 17647213 |
| double-blind, placebo-controlled study of alternaria alternata immunotherapy: clinical efficacy and safety. | allergen-specific immunotherapy (asit) with fungal extracts has been beset by safety and efficacy problems, which result mainly from qualitative and quantitative variations. little has been published on the safety and efficacy of these extracts. the objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of asit with an alternaria alternata extract. a total of 28 patients were selected with rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma because of alternaria allergy and monosensitization to molds. the patients were ... | 2008 | 17651380 |
| factors determining accumulation of mycotoxin producers in cereal grain during harvesting. | during the meteorologically contrasting period of 2003-2005, the contamination of winter wheat, malt barley and fodder barley grain with micromycetes during grain harvesting and preparation for storage was investigated. micromycetes of over 70 species ascribed to 16 genera were isolated and identified, the density of their populations in grain was determined. micromycetes with a population density of >50% were attributed to dominant species. short biological characteristic, ecological peculiarit ... | 2007 | 17655196 |
| cutaneous alternariosis. | alternariosis is a fungal infection usually described in immunodeficient patients. we report a case of cutaneous alternariosis in a renal transplant recipient caused by alternaria alternata. the patient was treated with intralesional amphothericin b and surgical excision of one non-responding lesion was performed. | 1998 | 17655420 |
| release of acetaldehyde from beta-cyclodextrins inhibits postharvest decay fungi in vitro. | many naturally occurring plant volatiles are known to have antifungal properties. however, they have limited use because they diffuse rapidly in air. in this in vitro study, acetaldehyde was chosen as a prototype volatile in order to study the controlled release of antifungal volatiles from cyclodextrins (cd). the major postharvest pathogens alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea, and colletotrichum acutatum were exposed to the pure volatile for 7 days at 23 degrees c. acetaldehyde was most effe ... | 2007 | 17658831 |
| isolation and antifungal activity of lignans from myristica fragrans against various plant pathogenic fungi. | in a search for plant extracts with potent in vivo antifungal activity against various plant diseases, we found that treatment with a methanol extract of myristica fragrans houttyn (nutmeg) seeds reduced the development of various plant diseases. the objectives of the present study were to isolate and determine antifungal substances from my. fragrans and to evaluate their antifungal activities. | 2007 | 17659535 |
| double-blind, placebo-controlled alternaria alternata immunotherapy: in vivo and in vitro parameters. | few studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with fungal extracts, possibly because of difficulties arising from antigenic variability among different strains of fungus. the aim of the study was to analyze changes in the in vivo and in vitro parameters in response to immunotherapy with an alternaria alternata extract. we studied 28 patients with rhinitis, bronchial asthma, or both caused by alternaria. the patients were randomized to the active immunotherapy or pla ... | 2008 | 17662037 |
| alternol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in mouse lymphocyte leukemia (l1210) cells. | alternol is a novel compound purified from the fermenting products by microorganisms named as alternaria alternata var. monosporus from the bark of yew. in this study, we tested its effect on mouse lymphocyte leukemia l1210 cells. alternol was found to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in l1210 cells. when the cells were treated with alternol, chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine externalization were observed with the down-regulation of the pro-survival gene bcl-2 and the a ... | 2007 | 17713842 |
| a new technique to prevent the main post harvest diseases in berries during storage: inclusion complexes beta-cyclodextrin-hexanal. | natural occurring volatiles such as hexanal have a well know antifungal capacity but limited post harvest use due to their volatility. taking this into consideration, hexanal was inserted into beta-cyclodextrins (beta-cd) to develop a controlled release mechanism and then evaluated in vitro against colletotrichum acutatum, alternaria alternata and botrytis cinerea, the three main causes of post harvest diseases in berries. different concentrations of both pure volatile hexanal and its inclusion ... | 2007 | 17716762 |
| effect of germicidal uvc light on fungi isolated from grapes and raisins. | to examine how uvc affects the different genera of fungi commonly isolated from grapes, with the aim of understanding changes in mycobiota during grape ripening and possible applications for preventing grape decay during storage. | 2007 | 17718833 |
| comprehensive analysis of glucan elicitor-regulated gene expression in tobacco by-2 cells reveals a novel myb transcription factor involved in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. | we previously demonstrated that a beta-1,3-, 1,6-oligoglucan (aaglucan) from the fungus alternaria alternata 102 shows strong elicitor activity in tobacco by-2 cells. we have used cdna microarray analysis to monitor global changes in gene expression in tobacco cells treated with this a. alternata fraction or with laminarin. in total, we identified 265 genes that were induced 1 h after treatment with an aaglucan-enriched fraction or laminarin. among them, we characterized in detail a novel tobacc ... | 2007 | 17761750 |
| fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts. | among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ... | 2007 | 17763036 |
| seedling albinism induced by an extract of alternaria tenuis. | the chlorophyll deficiency in citrus seedlings known as albinism was induced by inoculating seed with certain clones of alternaria tenuis, or by germination of the seed in contact with extracts from the fungus. the active material in the extracts apparently has a rather specific inhibiting effect on chlorophyll formation in seedlings of various species. | 1961 | 17817394 |
| german environmental survey for children (geres iv)--first results. | german environmental surveys (geress) are large scale population studies which have been carried out on adults in 1985/86, 1990/92 and 1998 and on children aged 6-14 years in 1990/92. geres iv is the first survey focussing exclusively on children [becker, k., schulz, c., babisch, w., dürkop, j., roskamp, e., seiwert, m., szewzyk, r., ullrich, d., seifert, b., 2005. german environmental survey for children (geres iv) 2003-2006. pullut. atmos. 188, 475-479]. geres iv included a representative samp ... | 2007 | 17870665 |
| genetic mapping of genes for susceptibility to black spot disease in japanese pears. | black spot disease, which is caused by the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler, is one of the most harmful diseases in japanese pear cultivation. we identified the exact positions and linkage groups (lgs) of the genes for susceptibility to black spot in the japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) cultivars 'osa nijisseiki' (gene ani) and 'nansui' (gene ana). segregation of susceptibility and resistance fitted the expected ratio of 1:1 in progeny of 'nansui' but showed a ... | 2007 | 17893733 |
| antimicrobial activity and the major components of the essential oil of plectranthus cylindraceus. | the traditional uses of the aerial parts of fresh plectranthus cylindraceus by the dhofaris in oman were investigated on the basis of antimicrobial properties and composition of its herb oil. | 2007 | 17897226 |
| relationship between, lifestyle, mold and sick building syndromes in newly built dwellings in japan. | to investigate the relationships among sick building syndrome (sbs) symptoms, we conducted a questionnaire and an indoor environment mold survey in a sample of newly built dwellings in japan. the questionnaire included questions on sbs symptoms and lifestyle and a mold survey conducted in the living room of each dwelling. the odds ratios (or) for insufficient sleep were 3.58 in males and 2.57 (weighted for sbs symptoms; w) in females, 0.38 (w) for alcohol consumption in males, and 0.10 (w) for w ... | 2007 | 17903355 |
| [a survey on the relationship between atopy and bronchial asthma among adolescents in the city of guangzhou, china]. | to access the relationship between atopy and bronchial asthma in adolescents. | 2007 | 17961404 |
| hypotin, a novel antipathogenic and antiproliferative protein from peanuts with a sequence similar to those of chitinase precursors. | a protein designated hypotin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activity, was isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea) seeds. the isolation procedure included extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion chromatography, and gel filtration. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.4 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating that it is a monomeric protein. its n-terminal sequence ... | 2007 | 17979231 |
| the role of atopic sensitization in flexural eczema: findings from the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood phase two. | the association between allergic sensitization and eczema has been debated for years. | 2008 | 17980410 |
| interactions of neotyphodium gansuense, achnatherum inebrians, and plant-pathogenic fungi. | interactions of neotyphodium gansuense, achnatherum inebrians, and nine fungal pathogens were studied by tests of inhibition of four fungal pathogens by neotyphodium endophytes in vitro and by inoculation of nine fungal pathogens on detached leaves of endophyte-infected (e+) and endophyte-free (e-) plants. compared with the controls, most isolates of n. gansuense significantly inhibited the growth in vitro of, in decreasing order of inhibition, bipolaris sorokiniana, curvularia lunata, fusarium ... | 2007 | 17988846 |
| role of local immunoglobulin e specific for alternaria alternata in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. | the role of fungal pathogens in the etiology of nasal polyposis remains unclear. the aim of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between the presence of alternaria-specific immunoglobulin (ig)e antibodies, eosinophilic inflammation, and the development of nasal polyps. | 2008 | 17989579 |
| expression profiles of genes encoded by the supernumerary chromosome controlling am-toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in the apple pathotype of alternaria alternata. | the apple pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-specific am-toxin and causes alternaria blotch of apple. previously, we cloned two genes, amt1 and amt2, required for am-toxin biosynthesis and found that these genes are encoded by small, supernumerary chromosomes of <1.8 mb in the apple pathotype strains. here, we performed expressed sequence tag analysis of the 1.4-mb chromosome encoding amt genes in strain ifo8984. a cdna library was constructed using rna from am-toxin-producing cultu ... | 2007 | 17990954 |
| effect of hexanal vapor on the growth of postharvest pathogens and fruit decay. | the effect of the natural volatile hexanal was studied as an antifungal agent on the major postharvest fungal pathogens botrytis cinerea, monilinia fructicola, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, alternaria alternata, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. the antifungal effect of hexanal vapor was dependent on concentration and treatment duration, but sensitivity of the pathogens varied. all spores of b. cinerea and m. fructicola were killed after exposure to 900 microl/l for 12 h at 20 degrees c, and almos ... | 2007 | 17995777 |
| a new bufadienolide obtained from the biotransformation of cinobufagin by alternaria alternata. | a new bufadienolide, 12-oxo-desacetylcinobufagin, was obtained from the biotransformation of cinobufagin by alternaria alternata in fairly low yield (0.34%). its structure was established on the basis of (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, 2d-nmr, and ms spectral data. | 2008 | 17999335 |
| alternaria alternata soft tissue infection in a forearm transplant recipient. | composite tissue allograft recipients require intensive immunosuppression and are therefore at risk of infections. filamentous fungal infections are among the complications most difficult to manage in organ transplant recipients. | 2007 | 17999589 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of an antifungal peptide from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds. | an antifungal peptide, ay-amp, was isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds by acidic extraction and then purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the molecular mass of this peptide, as determined by mass spectrometry, is 3184 da. the peptide belongs to the superfamily of chitin-binding proteins, containing a single cysteine/glycine-rich chitin-binding domain, and it was found that ay-amp degrades chitin. ay-amp inhibits the growth, at very low doses, of different pat ... | 2007 | 18031007 |
| the logarithmic transformation should be avoided for stabilising the variance of mould growth rate. | radial growth rate, micro (mm d(-1)) was evaluated by plotting the radius of the colony, r (mm) versus time (d) for alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, mucor racemosus, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum at different t and a(w). for each of the 12 data sets, an analysis of variance of the raw growth rate data was performed. it was observed from the p-values that all square-root transformed values of micro were non-significant at the significance level a ... | 2008 | 18031858 |
| analytical bias of cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies for environmental immunoassays of alternaria alternata. | alternaria alternata is recognized as an important aeroallergen indoors and outdoors, and exposure to the fungus has been identified as a risk factor for asthma. two recent publications concluded that 95% to 99% of american homes contained detectable amounts of alternaria antigens when analyzed with a polyclonal antibody (pab)-based elisa. | 2008 | 18036643 |
| immunotherapy with alternaria alternata: present and future. | the prevalence of fungal allergies is greater than previously believed; consequently, such processes have been underestimated as potential causes of respiratory tract disease. most patients sensitized to fungi exhibit perennial symptoms, though their intensity increases in the summer and autumn months. skin reactions to the antigens of alternaria alternata are associated with a high risk of allergic respiratory conditions in the presence of spores of this fungus -fundamentally in children and yo ... | 2007 | 18047818 |
| antifungal cyclopeptolide from fungal saprophytic antagonist ulocladium atrum. | the saprophytic fungus ulocladium atrum preuss is a promising biological control agent for botrytis cinerea in greenhouse- and field-grown crops. however, despite its known potent antifungal activity, no antifungal substance has yet been reported. in an effort to characterize the antifungal substance from u atrum, we isolated an antibiotic peptide. based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, its structure was established as a cyclopeptolide with a high portion of n-methylated amino acids, and its ... | 2007 | 18051337 |
| antifungal activity of some diaryl ethers. | several diaryl ethers were synthesized and tested in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi, namely fusarium graminearum, alternaria alternate, helminthosporium sorokinianum, pyricularia oryzae, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum and alternaria brassicae. compared to a commercial agricultural fungicide, hymexazol, especially compounds a, b, e, g and k were found to be more effective at 50 mug/ml against f. graminearum, f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum ... | 2007 | 18057754 |
| inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi of extracts from myoporum bontioides a. gray and indentification of active ingredients. | in order to understand the bioactivity of myoporum bontioides a. gray against plant pathogens and determine its active ingredients, the inhibitory activities of methanol extracts from m. bontioides against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (e. f. smith) snyder & hansen, pestalotia mangiferae p. henn., thielaviopsis paradoxa (de seynes) v. hohnel, colletotrichum musae (berk. & m. a. curtis) v. arx, alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler, mycosphaerella sentina (fr.) schroter and sphaceloma fawcettii ... | 2008 | 18069657 |
| fungal diversity of norway spruce litter: effects of site conditions and premature leaf fall caused by bark beetle outbreak. | fungi play an important role in leaf litter decomposition due to their ability to break down the lignocellulose matrix, which other organisms are unable to digest. however, little is known regarding the factors affecting components of fungal diversity. here, we quantified richness of internal fungi in relation to litter nutrient and phenolic concentrations, sampling season (spring or fall), and premature leaf shedding due to low precipitation and infestation of bark beetles (mainly ips typograph ... | 2008 | 18095016 |
| characterization and expression of an nsltps-like antimicrobial protein gene from motherwort (leonurus japonicus). | in screening for potent antimicrobial proteins (amps) from plant seeds, we had purified a heat-stable amp, ljamp2, from the seeds of a medicine herb, motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt). in an in vitro assay, the protein can inhibit the growth of both fungi and bacteria. then a cdna encoding ljamp2 was cloned by the rapid amplification of cdna ends based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence determined. the deduced amino acid sequences of this cdna show similarity to plant non-specific lipid t ... | 2008 | 18228022 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to an antigenic protein from stachybotrys chartarum and its measurement in house dust. | using sera from atopic patients we have isolated an extracellular protein, which is antigenic in humans, from stachybotrys chartarum sesu lato. here we report the production of monoclonal antibodies to the protein and the development of a sensitive and specific assay to the target protein as well as analyses in house dust samples spiked with spores. the detection limit for the target antigen in house dust was approximately 0.2 ng/g dry weight house dust. this detection limit is comparable to tho ... | 2008 | 18242638 |
| overexpression of vvwrky2 in tobacco enhances broad resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | wrky genes encode proteins belonging to a large family of transcription factors that are involved in various developmental and physiological processes and in plant responses to pathogen infections. in the present work, a full-length cdna from a vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berry library was isolated and characterized. the cdna, designated vvwrky2, encodes a polypeptide of 536 amino acids that shows the structural features of group i of wrky protein family. vvwrky2 is expressed ... | 2007 | 18251882 |
| exposure to multiple indoor allergens in us homes and its relationship to asthma. | the national survey of lead and allergens in housing was the first population-based study to measure indoor allergen levels in us homes. | 2008 | 18255132 |
| [effects of alternaria tenuis nees on trifolium repens l. under cu stress]. | with pot culture, this paper studied the effects of alternaria tenuis nees inoculation on the eco-physiological indices of trifolium repens l. leaf under cu stress. the results showed that in the control (not inoculated with the pathogen), the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoid) and soluble protein in t. repens leaves decreased markedly with increasing cu concentration (0-3000 mg x kg(-1)). the enhancement of cellular membrane lipids peroxidation with the ... | 2007 | 18260469 |
| trichothecenes and mycoflora in wheat harvested in nine locations in buenos aires province, argentina. | a total of 120 freshly harvested wheat samples from the 2004 season in nine locations from northern buenos aires province, argentina, were analysed for trichothecene natural occurrence and associated mycoflora, and for determining the influence of commonly used fungicide field treatment and the cultivar type on trichothecene contamination. the trichothecenes t-2 tetraol, t-2 triol, ht-2 and t-2 toxin (ht-2, t-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (das), nivalenol (niv), deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyldeoxynival ... | 2008 | 18266077 |
| griseusin d, a new pyranonaphthoquinone derivative from a alkaphilic nocardiopsis sp. | a new pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic, griseusin d (1) was isolated from the cultural fluid of the alkaphilic nocardiopsis sp. the structure was determined as 5'-one-4-hydroxy-12-methoxygriseusin by spectroscopic methods, comparison with reported data and single-crystal x-ray analysis. 1 displayed strong cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells (hl60) and modest cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (agzy) with ic(50) values of 0.23 and 19.6 microg/ml, respectively. it also ... | 2007 | 18277001 |
| [apoptosis-inducing effect of alternol on mouse lymphocyte leukemia cells and its mechanism]. | alternol is purified from fermentation productions of microorganisms named as alternaria alternata var. monosporus. the research is to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of alternol on mouse lymphocyte leukemia (l1210) cells and the possible mechanisms. mtt method was used to evaluate the viability of l1210 cells. apoptosis of l1210 cells was detected by morphological assessment, dna electrophoresis assay and flow cytometry. western blotting analysis was carried out to determine the apopt ... | 2007 | 18338638 |
| zygomycosis and other rare filamentous fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. | fungi cause severe infections in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. recently, a shift towards non-aspergillus filamentous fungal infections (naffi) was noticed. in a series of 2878 sots (kidney, pancreas, islets, liver, heart, lung, and bowel) performed between january 1995 and december 2006 at the innsbruck medical university, eleven cases of naffi were diagnosed. the encountered species included zygomyzetes (n = 8), and alternaria alternate, pseudallescheria boydii, trichoderma spp. (one ... | 2008 | 18363572 |
| biocontrol of alternaria alternata on cherry tomato fruit by use of marine yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum fell & tallman. | the basidiomycetous yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum fell & tallman isolated from the south of east china sea was evaluated for its activity in reducing postharvest decay of cherry tomatoes caused by alternaria alternata in vitro and in vivo tests. the results showed that washed cell suspension of r. paludigenum provided better control of a. alternata than any other treatment, while the autoclaved cell culture failed to provide protection against the pathogen. the concentration of antagonist had ... | 2008 | 18378348 |
| use of (1-3)-beta-d-glucan concentrations in dust as a surrogate method for estimating specific fungal exposures. | indoor exposure to fungi has been associated with respiratory symptoms,often attributed to their cell wall component, (1-3)-beta-d-glucan. performing(1-3)-beta-d-glucan analysis is less time consuming and labor intensive than cultivation or microscopic counting of fungal spores. this has prompted many to use(1-3)-beta-d-glucan as a surrogate for fungal exposure. the aim of this study was to examine which indoor fungal species are major contributors to the (1-3)-beta-d-glucan concentration in fie ... | 2008 | 18429996 |
| functional complementation of fumonisin biosynthesis in fum1-disrupted fusarium verticillioides by the aal-toxin polyketide synthase gene alt1 from alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. | fumonisins and aal-toxins are mycotoxins produced by several widespread fungal pathogens of crops. the carbon backbone of the mycotoxins originates from a highly reduced, acyclic polyketide, a c18 chain for fumonisins and a c16 chain for aal-toxins. fungal reduced polyketides are assembled by iterative modular polyketide synthases (pks), and their biosynthetic mechanism is not very clear. here, we cloned the pks gene, alt1, from the tomato pathogen alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and int ... | 2008 | 18435561 |
| sensitivity of the alternaria infectoria species-group 1 to cycloheximide. | a possibility of using cycloheximide tolerance and/or sensitivity as an additional diagnostic tool for distinguishing morphologically related species within common small-spored alternaria has been tested during this study. | 2008 | 18444978 |
| [mold growth on strawberries and cherries during storage at 25 degrees c]. | mold species that grew on the surface of retailed strawberries (10 packs, 211 strawberries) and cherries (18 packs, 441 cherries) during storage at 25 degrees c were isolated and identified to evaluate the state of mold growth. mold growth was observed on 208 (98.6%) of the 211 strawberries and 193 (43.8%) of the 441 cherries. the mold species most frequently isolated from strawberries was botrytis cinerea, being observed in 81.0% of the strawberries examined, followed by cladosporium and altern ... | 2008 | 18503247 |