| comparison of bioassay responses to the potential fungal biopesticide metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus(boophilus) microplus and lucilia cuprina. | quantal response bioassays were conducted with cattle ticks and sheep blowflies with three different isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and different methods of inoculation. ticks were either topically dosed with 2μl or immersed in the conidial preparations. blowflies were either topically dosed with 2μl of the conidial preparation or fed on conidia mixed with sugar. probit analyses were carried out on the mortality data to compare the virulence of these isolates to ticks and blowflies and look ... | 2011 | 22127104 |
| isolation of metarhizium anisopliae carboxypeptidase a with native disulfide bonds from the cytosol of escherichia coli bl21(de3). | the carboxypeptidase a enzyme from metarhizium anisopliae (mecpa) has broader specificity than the mammalian a-type carboxypeptidases, making it a more useful reagent for the removal of short affinity tags and disordered residues from the c-termini of recombinant proteins. when secreted from baculovirus-infected insect cells, the yield of pure mecpa was 0.25mg per liter of conditioned medium. here, we describe a procedure for the production of mecpa in the cytosol of escherichia coli that yields ... | 2011 | 22197595 |
| effects of metarhizium anisopliae conidia mixed with soil against the eggs of aedes aegypti. | the effectiveness of metarhizium anisopliae ip 46 conidia mixed with soil was tested against aedes aegypti eggs. mycelium and new conidia developed first on eggs between 4.8 and 15 days respectively after incubation of fungus-treated soils at 3.3 × 10(3) up to 3.3 × 10(5) conidia/g soil at 25°c and relative humidities close to saturation. after 15-day incubation, 53.3% of the eggs exposed to soil with 3.3 × 10(5) conidia/g showed external development of mycelium and conidia. fungus-inoculated so ... | 2011 | 21984368 |
| α-l-rhamnosidase and β-d-glucosidase activities in fungal strains isolated from alkaline soils and their potential in naringin hydrolysis. | α-l-rhamnosidases (ec 3.2.1.40) and β-d-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.21) obtained from several microbial sources are potential catalysts in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. however, the enzyme preparations currently used have limitations related to the stability and activity of the enzyme as well to their reuse. a microtiter screening was carried out in 55 fungal strains isolated from alkaline soils, to obtain active α-l-rhamnosidases and β-d-glucosidases at ph 9.0. while α-l-rhamnosidas ... | 2011 | 21952976 |
| using infections to fight infections: paratransgenic fungi can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes. | evaluation of: fang w, vega-rodríguez j, ghosh ak et al. development of transgenic fungi that kill human malaria parasites in mosquitoes. science 331(6020), 1074-1077 (2011). paratransgenesis is the genetic manipulation of insect endosymbiotic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or fungi. paratransgenesis has been proposed as a potential method to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria. in this article, fang and colleagues have used genetic manipulation to insert multiple antimalaria ... | 2011 | 21861618 |
| Diatomaceous earth and oil enhance effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae against Triatoma infestans. | Entomopathogenic fungi, especially Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for integrated control of peridomestic triatomine bugs. However, the high susceptibility of these vectors to fungal infection at elevated ambient humidities decreases in the comparatively dry conditions that often prevail in their microhabitats. A formulation adapted to this target pest that induces high and quick mortality can help to overcome these drawbacks. In the present study diatomaceous earth, which is used against ... | 2011 | 22155570 |
| comparative studies on the invasion of cattle ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) and sheep blowflies (lucilia cuprina) by metarhizium anisopliae (sorokin). | microscopic investigations over time were carried out to study and compare the pathogenesis of invasion of ticks and blowflies by metarhizium anisopliae. the scanning electron microscope and stereo light microscope were used to observe and record processes on the arthropods' surfaces and the compound light microscope was used to observe and record processes within the body cavities. two distinctly different patterns of invasion were found in ticks and blowflies. fungal conidia germinated on the ... | 2011 | 22178573 |
| optimization of different process variables for the production of an indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine from metarhizium anisopliae. | swainsonine is a polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid having anticancer, antimetastatic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities and also potential therapeutic applications against aids. in the present study, ten isolates of m. anisopliae were screened and enzyme assayed for the production of swainsonine in different media (complex oatmeal, czapekdox media with and without lysine (8% w/v) and sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb)). among these strains, arsef 1724 (um8) was found to produce ... | 2011 | 22144370 |
| Polymorphism in Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer-RFLP, ISSR and intron markers. | Isolates of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae were characterized using internal transcribed spacer-RFLP, ISSR and intron splice site primers. Thirty-seven isolates were studied, most of which were obtained from the sugar cane pest, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) from Tangará da Serra, Southwest Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Internal transcribed spacer-RFLP did not differentiate the isolates of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, while ISSR and intron primers i ... | 2011 | 21863552 |
| pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) isolates to the adult pea leafminer (diptera: agromyzidae) and prospects of an autoinoculation device for infection in the field. | seventeen isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin and three isolates of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) were evaluated for their pathogenicity to the adult pea leafminer, liriomyza huidobrensis (blanchard) (diptera: agromyzidae), in the laboratory. flies were contaminated with dry conidia through a velvet material wrapped around the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube. all the isolates were pathogenic to the pea leafminer, causing mort ... | 2010 | 20388276 |
| In vitro effect of pesticides on the germination, vegetative growth, and conidial production of two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae. | Entomopathogenic fungi are widely used as biological control agents against a broad range of insect and arachnid pests. However, the control efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi is variable because of unfavourable and fluctuating environmental conditions and intrinsic factors. One strategy to enhance entomopathogenic fungi efficacy is a combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and low dosages of pesticides. These sub-lethal dosages of chemicals can increase the control efficiency of entomopathogenic ... | 2012 | 22208607 |
| evaluation of organically acceptable insecticides as stand-alone treatments and in rotation for managing yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), in organic crucifer production. | background: yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma, is the most damaging pest of organic crucifer crops in the southern united states. experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2007-2010) in alabama to evaluate some botanical and microbial insecticides approved by the organic materials review institute (omri) against m. ochroloma in organically grown crucifer crops. insecticides evaluated included pyganic(®) (pyrethrum), aza-direct(®) (azadiractin), entrust(®) (spinosad) ... | 2012 | 22231993 |
| the effects of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on different stages of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | the control of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) vector is often based on the application of chemical residual insecticide. however, this strategy has not been effective. the continuing search for an appropriate vector control may include the use of biological control. this study evaluates the effects of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on lutzomyia longipalpis. five concentrations of the fungus were utilized, 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(8) conidia/ml, accompanied by controls. the unhatched eggs ... | 2010 | 19883621 |
| biocontrol potential of siderophore producing heavy metal resistant alcaligenes sp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa rzs3 vis-à-vis organophosphorus fungicide. | in present study in vitro phytopathogen suppression activity of siderophoregenic preparations of ni and mn resistant alcaligenes sp. stc1 and pseudomonas aeruginosa rzs3 sh-94b isolated from soil were found superior over the chemical pesticide. siderophore rich culture broth and siderophore rich supernatant exerted antifungal activity against aspergillus niger ncim 1025, aspergillus flavus ncim 650, fusarium oxysporum ncim 1281, alternaria alternata ari 715, cercospora arachichola, metarhizium a ... | 2011 | 22754001 |
| potential capacity of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae in the biosorption of cd2+ and pb2+. | in this study beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae were used as inexpensive and efficient biosorbents for pb(ii) and cd(ii) from aqueous metal solutions. the effects of various physicochemical factors on pb(ii) and cd(ii) biosorption by b. bassiana and m. anisopliae were studied. the optimum ph for cd(ii) and pb(ii) biosorption by two fungal species was achieved at ph 6.0 for pb(ii) and 5.0 cd(ii) at a constant time of 30 min. the nature of fungal biomass and metal ion interactions was ... | 2011 | 22353740 |
| effect of pesticides on adult rove beetle atheta coriaria (coleoptera: staphylinidae) survival in growing medium. | the rove beetle atheta coriaria (kraatz) (coleoptera: staphylinidae) is a natural enemy (biological control agent) commercially available for control of certain greenhouse insect pests, including fungus gnats, shore flies, and thrips. this study assessed the compatibility of pesticides (insecticides and fungicides) used in greenhouses with a. coriaria adults. treatments were applied to 473-ml deli squat containers half-filled with a growing medium. we evaluated the effects of the pesticides when ... | 2009 | 19886438 |
| cloning and functional analysis of the second geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene influencing helvolic acid biosynthesis in metarhizium anisopliae. | a gene (ggs2) having high similarity to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (ggpp synthase) gene was cloned from metarhizium anisopliae naff635007. the ggs2 gene (1,239-bp open reading frame with no intron) encoded a protein of 412 amino acids, and the transcription occurred only after late log-phase during the growth. gene disruption of ggs2, performed to clarify the function in m. anisopliae, resulted in decreased ggpp synthase activity together with a slight delay of sporulation. an high ... | 2010 | 20393706 |
| interactions between entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae and sublethal doses of spinosad for control of house fly, musca domestica. | metarhizium anisopliae strain iran 437c is one of the most virulent fungal isolates against house fly, musca domestica. the objective of this study was to determine the interaction of this isolate with sublethal doses of spinosad against housefly. | 2011 | 22808408 |
| evidence of alternative splicing of the chi2 chitinase gene from metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae is a filamentous fungus used in the biological control of arthropods and produces several chitinases in order to break the host cuticle chitin fibers. chitinase function during fungal cell development and/or infection processes is also an important aspect when analyzing the life cycle of entomopathogens. the expression profile analysis of the endochitinase chi2 gene acquired by rt-pcr experiments indicated the presence of two different transcripts, suggesting the occurrenc ... | 2010 | 20406672 |
| transfer of inoculum of metarhizium anisopliae between adult glossina morsitans morsitans and effects of fungal infection on blood feeding and mating behaviors. | the transfer of conidia of metarhizium anisopliae between tsetse flies glossina morsitans and the effects of fungal inoculation on mating and blood meal feeding behaviors were investigated in the laboratory. male or female flies were inoculated with fungal conidia ("donors") and allowed to pair with fungus-free mate of opposite sex ("recipients") at 1-day-interval up to three mates. fungus-treated male or female "donor" flies as well as their mates "recipients" died from fungal infection. howeve ... | 2012 | 23687485 |
| isolation and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus (metarhizium anisopliae) for the control of aedes albopictus skuse larvae: suspected dengue vector in pakistan. | to isolate the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (m. anisopliae) in the local environment, and evaluate its efficacy against the suspected dengue vector aedes albopictus in pakistan. | 2012 | 23569917 |
| preservation of aerial conidia and biomasses from entomopathogenic fungi beauveria brongniartii and metarhizium anisopliae during lyophilization. | in this study, we assessed the stability provided by different formulations to aerial conidia or biomasses (conidia, blastospores, and mycelia) of beauveria brongniartii and metarhizium anisopliae subjected to lyophilization. first, the impact of the freezing and drying processes on spore survival was evaluated. whereas unprotected b. brongniartii spores showed high cryosensitivity, those of m. anisopliae were markedly harmed by the drying process. then, the protective efficiency of 14 excipient ... | 2010 | 20457163 |
| in vivo interactions of entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria spp. and metarhizium anisopliae with selected opportunistic soil fungi of sugarcane ecosystem. | in the present study, the interactions of entomopathogenic fungi viz., beauveria bassiana, beauveria brongniartii and metarhizium anisopliae among themselves and three other opportunistic soil fungi from the sugarcane ecosystem namely, fusarium saachari, aspergillus sp. and penecillium sp. were assayed in vivo against galleria mellonella larvae. the tested fungi were co-applied on iv instar g. mellonella @ 1 x 10(7) ml(-1), in combinations of two, at the interval of 24 hrs either preceding or su ... | 2012 | 23359998 |
| mmc, a gene involved in microcycle conidiation of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | microcycle conidiation is a survival mechanism for some fungi encountering unfavorable conditions, in which asexual spores germinate secondary spores directly without formation of mycelium. here, we isolated a microcycle conidiation associated gene, mmc, from metarhizium anisopliae and obtained its full length of cdna and dna sequence. to clarify its roles in conidiation, we constructed an mmc rna interference (rnai) vector with dual promoter system to knockdown mmc transcript level, and then an ... | 2010 | 20546749 |
| histopathology caused by the entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, in the adult planthopper, peregrinus maidis, a maize virus vector. | the planthopper peregrinus maidis (ashmead) (hemiptera: delphacidae) is an important vector of maize viruses in tropical and subtropical areas. planthoppers are biologically controlled with several species of entomopathogenic fungi that have been isolated from these insect pests of rice in asia. beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) appear to be the most useful against planthoppers because of their ease of ... | 2010 | 20578956 |
| cecropins from plutella xylostella and their interaction with metarhizium anisopliae. | cecropins are the most potent induced peptides to resist invading microorganisms. in the present study, two full length cdna encoding cecropin2 (px-cec2) and cecropin3 (px-cec3) were obtained from p. xylostella by integrated analysis of genome and transcriptome data. qrt-pcr analysis revealed the high levels of transcripts of px-cecs (px-cec1, px-cec2 and px-cec3) in epidermis, fat body and hemocytes after 24, 30 and 36 h induction of metarhizium anisopliae, respectively. silencing of spätzle an ... | 2015 | 26544076 |
| a family of csαβ defensins and defensin-like peptides from the migratory locust, locusta migratoria, and their expression dynamics during mycosis and nosemosis. | insect defensins are effector components of the innate defense system. during infection, these peptides may play a role in the control of pathogens by providing protective antimicrobial barriers between epithelial cells and the hemocoel. the cdnas encoding four defensins of the migratory locust, locusta migratoria, designated lmdef 1, 3-5, were identified for the first time by transcriptome-targeted analysis. three of the members of this csαβ defensin family, lmdef 1, 3, and 5, were detected in ... | 2016 | 27556587 |
| vectorial capacity of aedes aegypti for dengue virus type 2 is reduced with co-infection of metarhizium anisopliae. | aedes aegypti, is the major dengue vector and a worldwide public health threat combated basically by chemical insecticides. in this study, the vectorial competence of ae. aegypti co-infected with a mildly virulent metarhizium anisopliae and fed with blood infected with the denv-2 virus, was examined. | 2013 | 23505581 |
| copulation activity, sperm production and conidia transfer in aedes aegypti males contaminated by metarhizium anisopliae: a biological control prospect. | dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. releases of metarhizium anisopliae--exposed ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. a better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemina ... | 2015 | 26473490 |
| metarhizium brunneum blastospore pathogenesis in aedes aegypti larvae: attack on several fronts accelerates mortality. | aedes aegypti is the vector of a wide range of diseases (e.g. yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika) which impact on over half the world's population. entomopathogenic fungi such as metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana have been found to be highly efficacious in killing mosquito larvae but only now are the underlying mechanisms for pathogenesis being elucidated. recently it was shown that conidia of m. anisopliae caused stress induced mortality in ae. aegypti larvae, a different mo ... | 2016 | 27389584 |
| fungal biological control agents for integrated management of culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) of livestock. | entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana had wide host range against insects and hence these are being exploited as fungal bio-pesticide on a large scale. both fungi are proved pesticides against many crop pests and farmers are well acquainted with their use on the field. thus, research was aimed to explore the potency of these fungal spores against larval and adult culicoides midges, a pest of livestock. | 2015 | 27047065 |
| neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management and many isolates are compatible with synthetic and natural insecticides. neem oil was tested separately and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. our aim was to increase the effectiveness of the fungus for the control of larval mosquito populations. | 2015 | 26715150 |
| evaluating the lethal and pre-lethal effects of a range of fungi against adult anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | insecticide resistance is seriously undermining efforts to eliminate malaria. in response, research on alternatives to the use of chemical insecticides against adult mosquito vectors has been increasing. fungal entomopathogens formulated as biopesticides have received much attention and have shown considerable potential. this research has necessarily focused on relatively few fungal isolates in order to 'prove concept'. further, most attention has been paid to examining fungal virulence (lethali ... | 2012 | 23126549 |
| biocontrol of pigeon tick argas reflexus (acari: argasidae) by entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: hypocreales). | the pigeon tick argas reflexus is a pathogen-transmitting soft tick that typically feeds on pigeons, but can also attack humans causing local and systemic reactions. chemical control is made difficult due to environmental contamination and resistance development. as a result, there is much interest in increasing the role of other strategies like biological control. in this study, the efficacy of three strains (v245, 685 and 715c) of entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for biological c ... | 2011 | 24031777 |
| fungi associated with the hemlock woolly adelgid, adelges tsugae, and assessment of entomopathogenic isolates for management. | fungi associated with the hemlock wooly adelgid, adelges tsugae annand (hemiptera: adelgidae), were collected throughout the eastern usa and southern china. twenty fungal genera were identified, as were 79 entomopathogenic isolates, including: lecanicillium lecanii (zimmermann) (hypocreales: insertae sedis), isaria farinosa (holm: fries.) (cordycipitaceae), beauveria bassiana (balasamo) (hyphomycetes), and fusarium spp (nectriaceae). the remaining fungal genera associated with insect cadavers we ... | 2010 | 20672977 |
| a field experiment to assess the rate of infestation in honey bee populations of two metarhizium anisopliae isolates on varroa destructor (acari: mesostigmata). | the protective effect of two isolates of an entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae (demi 002 and iran 437c) on the adult stage of varroa destructor was evaluated in comparison with fluvalinate strips in the field. | 2013 | 23785691 |
| testing fungus impregnated cloths for the control of adult aedes aegypti under natural conditions. | entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti. here the efficiency of fungus (metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [imi]) was evaluated against adult a. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. | 2013 | 24010874 |
| exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents. | control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were applied u ... | 2012 | 22449130 |
| assessing the optimal virulence of malaria-targeting mosquito pathogens: a mathematical study of engineered metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae is a naturally occurring fungal pathogen of mosquitoes. recently, metarhizium has been engineered to act against malaria by directly killing the disease agent within mosquito vectors and also effectively blocking onward transmission. it has been proposed that efforts should be made to minimize the virulence of the fungal pathogen, in order to slow the development of resistant mosquitoes following an actual deployment. | 2014 | 24397503 |
| secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model. | the described species from the metarhizium genus are cosmopolitan fungi that infect arthropod hosts. interestingly, while some species infect a wide range of hosts (host-generalists), other species infect only a few arthropods (host-specialists). this singular evolutionary trait permits unique comparisons to determine how pathogens and virulence determinants emerge. among the several virulence determinants that have been described, secondary metabolites (sms) are suggested to play essential role ... | 2016 | 27801295 |
| survival and immune response of the chagas vector meccus pallidipennis (hemiptera: reduviidae) against two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and isaria fumosorosea. | chagas disease is a key health problem in latin america and is caused and transmitted by trypanosoma cruzi and triatomine bugs, respectively. control of triatomines has largely relied on the use pyrethroids, which has proved to be ineffective in the long term. alternatively, the use of entomopathogenic fungi has been implemented to control triatomine bugs. these fungi are highly efficient as they induce a reduction in immune response on insects. meccus pallidipennis is the main triatomine vector ... | 2016 | 27012246 |
| comparative genome analysis of entomopathogenic fungi reveals a complex set of secreted proteins. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus used in the biological control of some agricultural insect pests, and efforts are underway to use this fungus in the control of insect-borne human diseases. a large repertoire of proteins must be secreted by m. anisopliae to cope with the various available nutrients as this fungus switches through different lifestyles, i.e., from a saprophytic, to an infectious, to a plant endophytic stage. to further evaluate the predicted secretome of m. ani ... | 2014 | 25263348 |
| production of thermotolerant entomopathogenic fungal conidia on millet grain. | thermotolerance of entomopathogenic (insect-killing) fungi should be seriously considered before industrialization. this work describes the feasibility of millet grain as a substrate for production of thermotolerant beauveria bassiana (bb) gha and erl1170 and metarhizium anisopliae (ma) erl1171 and erl1540 conidia. first, conidial suspensions of the bb isolates, produced on millet grain in polyethylene bags, were exposed to five temperatures (43-47°c) at 15-min intervals for up to 120 min (exper ... | 2010 | 20803242 |
| secretome of the biocontrol agent metarhizium anisopliae induced by the cuticle of the cotton pest dysdercus peruvianus reveals new insights into infection. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus that has evolved specialized strategies to infect insect hosts. here we analyzed secreted proteins related to dysdercus peruvianus infection. using shotgun proteomics, abundance changes in 71 proteins were identified after exposure to host cuticle. among these proteins were classical fungal effectors secreted by pathogens to degrade physical barriers and alter host physiology. these include lipolytic enzymes, pr1a, b, c, i, and j proteases, ro ... | 2014 | 24702058 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae strain f52 (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) for control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | field efficacy of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae strain f52 for the control of ixodes scapularis nymphs was evaluated at residential sites in northwestern connecticut in 2007. two spray applications with two rates, 3.2 x 10(5) and 1.3 x 10(6) spores/cm2, were made: the first on 8-9 may, 2-3 wk before nymphal activity, and the second on 29 june or 2 july when ticks were active. there was no significant difference in nymphal abundance ... | 2010 | 20939382 |
| immune-related transcriptome of coptotermes formosanus shiraki workers: the defense mechanism. | formosan subterranean termites, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, live socially in microbial-rich habitats. to understand the molecular mechanism by which termites combat pathogenic microbes, a full-length normalized cdna library and four suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) libraries were constructed from termite workers infected with entomopathogenic fungi (metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana), gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis and gram-negative escherichia coli, and the libr ... | 2013 | 23874972 |
| conidia of the insect pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, fail to adhere to mosquito larval cuticle. | adhesion of conidia of the insect pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, to the arthropod host cuticle initially involves hydrophobic forces followed by consolidation facilitated by the action of extracellular enzymes and secretion of mucilage. gene expression analysis and atomic force microscopy were used to directly quantify recognition and adhesion between single conidia of m. anisopliae and the cuticle of the aquatic larval stage of aedes aegypti and a representative terrestrial host, te ... | 2014 | 26064542 |
| screening of fungi for biological control of a triatomine vector of chagas disease: temperature and trypanosome infection as factors. | entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated as an alternative tool for controlling various insects, including triatomine vectors of the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease. here we tested the pathogenicity and virulence of ten isolates of the fungi metarhizium spp. and beauveria bassiana against rhodnius prolixus and found all of the isolates to be virulent. we used two isolates (urpe-11 metarhizium anisopliae and ent-1 beauveria bassiana) for further screening ... | 2016 | 27855217 |
| metarhizium anisopliae pathogenesis of mosquito larvae: a verdict of accidental death. | metarhizium anisopliae, a fungal pathogen of terrestrial arthropods, kills the aquatic larvae of aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue and yellow fever. the fungus kills without adhering to the host cuticle. ingested conidia also fail to germinate and are expelled in fecal pellets. this study investigates the mechanism by which this fungus adapted to terrestrial hosts kills aquatic mosquito larvae. genes associated with the m. anisopliae early pathogenic response (proteinases pr1 and pr2, and adhe ... | 2013 | 24349111 |
| different effects of metarhizium anisopliae strains imi330189 and ibc200614 on enzymes activities and hemocytes of locusta migratoria l. | metarhizium is an important class of entomopathogenic fungi in the biocontrol of insects, but its virulence is affected by insect immunity. to clarify the mechanism in virulence of metarhizium, we compared the immunological differences in locusta migratoria l. when exposed to two strains of metarhizium anisopliae (ma). | 2016 | 27227835 |
| reduced survival and reproductive success generates selection pressure for the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti to evolve resistance against infection by the microsporidian parasite vavraia culicis. | the success and sustainability of control measures aimed at reducing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases will depend on how they influence the fitness of mosquitoes in targeted populations. we investigated the effects of the microsporidian parasite vavraia culicis on the survival, blood-feeding behaviour and reproductive success of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the main vector of dengue. infection reduced survival to adulthood and increased adult female mosquito age-dependent mortalit ... | 2014 | 24822081 |
| monitoring persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae under simulated field conditions with the aim of controlling adult aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management, with recent emphasis aimed at developing adult mosquito control methods. here we investigated the persistence of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae when tested against female a. aegypti under field conditions. | 2014 | 24766705 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces fumosoroseus for the microbial control of spodoptera exigua. | the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is difficult to control using chemical insecticides because of the development of insecticide resistance. several pest control agents are used to control the beet armyworm. entomopathogenic fungi are one of the candidates for eco-friendly pest control instead of chemical control agents. in this study, among various entomopathogenic fungal strains isolated from soil two isolates were selected as high virulence pathogens against larva of ... | 2014 | 25606011 |
| effects of a new outdoor mosquito control device, the mosquito landing box, on densities and survival of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, inside controlled semi-field settings. | the significance of malaria transmission occurring outdoors has risen even in areas where indoor interventions such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying are common. the actual contamination rates and effectiveness of recently developed outdoor mosquito control device, the mosquito landing box (mlb), on densities and daily survival of host-seeking laboratory anopheles arabiensis, which readily bites humans outdoors was demonstrated. | 2015 | 26645085 |
| comparative analysis of the metarhizium anisopliae secretome in response to exposure to the greyback cane grub and grub cuticles. | metarhizium anisopliae is a well-characterized biocontrol agent of a wide range of insects including cane grubs. in this study, a two-dimensional (2d) electrophoresis was used to display secreted proteins of m. anisopliae strain fi-1045 growing on the whole greyback cane grubs and their isolated cuticles. hydrolytic enzymes secreted by m. anisopliae play a key role in insect cuticle-degradation and initiation of the infection process. we have identified all the 101 protein spots displayed by cro ... | 2010 | 20943175 |
| development and immunity-related micrornas of the lepidopteran model host galleria mellonella. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that act as key players in the post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis. although little is known about their role in complex physiological processes such as development and immunity, our knowledge is expanding rapidly, thanks to the use of model systems. the larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella are now established as model hosts for pathogens that infect insects or humans. to build on our previously-reported comprehensive g. ... | 2014 | 25149864 |
| metarhizium anisopliae lipolytic activity plays a pivotal role in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus infection. | lipases secreted by metarhizium anisopliae, an important biological control agent, could potentially be involved in the host infection process. here, we present the activity profile during the host infection process and the effect of lipase activity inhibitor ebelactone b on infection. the previous treatment of spores with lipase activity inhibitor, ebelactone b, completely inhibited lipolytic activity and prevented the infection of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus host. the results herei ... | 2010 | 20965056 |
| microbial diversity and dynamics during the production of may bryndza cheese. | diversity and dynamics of microbial cultures were studied during the production of may bryndza cheese, a traditional slovak cheese produced from unpasteurized ewes' milk. quantitative culture-based data were obtained for lactobacilli, lactococci, total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, e. coli, staphylococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeasts, fungi and geotrichum spp. in ewes' milk, curd produced from it and ripened for 0 - 10 days, and in bryndza cheese produced from the curd, in th ... | 2014 | 24291178 |
| the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the formation of metarhizium anisopliae chlamydospores in tick eggs. | the influence of ambient conditions on the development of metarhizium anisopliae chlamydospores in tick eggs is reported for the first time. the infection of tick eggs by m. anisopliae involves common events, such as adhesion, conidial germination, appressoria formation, invasion, and development within the eggs. however, the final stage of fungal development differs according to the environmental conditions. at high humidity (close to 100%) and moderate temperature (25°c) the fungus emerged fro ... | 2010 | 20965061 |
| subterranean termite prophylactic secretions and external antifungal defenses. | termites exploit environments that make them susceptible to infection and rapid disease transmission. gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (gnbps) signal the presence of microbes and in some insects directly damage fungal pathogens with +¦-1,3-glucanase activity. the subterranean termites reticulitermes flavipes and reticulitermes virginicus encounter soil entomopathogenic fungi such as metarhizium anisopliae, which can evade host immune responses after penetrating the cuticle. an external de ... | 2011 | 21708164 |
| a rapid knockdown effect of penicillium citrinum for control of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus in thailand. | twenty local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were determined for control of the larvae and adults of culex quinquefasciatus. in a laboratory experiment, a penicillium sp. cm-010 caused 100% mortality of third-instar larvae within 2 h using a conidial suspension of 1 × 10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹. its lc₅₀ was 3 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹, and the lethal time (lt₅₀) was 1.06 h. cloning and sequencing of its internal transcribed spacer region indicated that this penicillium species is penicillium citrinum (100% i ... | 2014 | 24078109 |
| characterizations and functions of regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) in fungi. | proteins that serve as regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) primarily function as gtpase accelerators that promote gtp hydrolysis by the gα subunits, thereby inactivating the g protein and rapidly switching off g protein-coupled signaling pathways. since the first rgs protein was identified from the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, more than 30 rgs and rgs-like proteins have been characterized from several model fungi, such as aspergillus nidulans, beauveria bassiana, candida albicans, ... | 2013 | 23917634 |
| differential susceptibility of adults and nymphs of blattella germanica (l.) (blattodea: blattellidae) to infection by metarhizium anisopliae and assessment of delivery strategies. | microbial insecticides for cockroach control, such as those containing entomopathogenic fungi, may be an alternative to reduce contamination by chemicals in housing and food storage environments. virulence of isolate esalq1037 belonging to the metarhizium anisopliae complex against nymphs and adults of blattella germanica (l.), and its infectivity following exposure of insects to a contaminated surface or to m. anisopliae-bait were determined under laboratory conditions. estimated ld50 15 d foll ... | 2011 | 21710032 |
| Effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). | This study evaluated the effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females, since this toxin is one of the likely causes of high mortality induced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in arthropods. Ticks were immersed or inoculated with different concentrations of destruxin A. Despite the doses applied, there were no deaths or significant alterations in oviposition between the groups treated with destruxin A and the control groups. No other external effect c ... | 2011 | 22166391 |
| isolation and classification of fungal whitefly entomopathogens from soils of qinghai-tibet plateau and gansu corridor in china. | qinghai-tibet plateau and gansu corridor of china with distinct geographic and climatic conditions are remote and less disturbed by humans, in which are likely to find some new strains of fungal entomopathogens against b-biotype whiteflies that is a very important invading pest worldwide. in this research, nineteen strains among six species of entomogenous fungi were isolated from the soil samples collected from 32 locations in qinghai-tibet plateau and gansu corridor. from the data of isolation ... | 2016 | 27228109 |
| composition and antimicrobial activity of fatty acids detected in the hygroscopic secretion collected from the secretory setae of larvae of the biting midge forcipomyia nigra (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | the hygroscopic secretion produced by the secretory setae of terrestrial larvae of the biting midge forcipomyia nigra (winnertz) was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the viscous secretion is stored at the top of each seta and absorbs water from moist air. gc-ms analyses (four independent tests) showed that the secretion contained 12 free fatty acids, the most abundant of which were oleic (18:1), palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1) and linoleic (18:2). oth ... | 2012 | 22781366 |
| mrt, a gene unique to fungi, encodes an oligosaccharide transporter and facilitates rhizosphere competency in metarhizium robertsii. | the symbiotic associations between rhizospheric fungi and plants have enormous environmental impact. fungi are crucial to plant health as antagonists of pathogens and herbivores and facilitate the uptake of soil nutrients. however, little is known about the plant products obtained by fungi in exchange or how they are transported through the symbiotic interface. here, we demonstrate that sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides in root exudates are important for rhizosphere competence in the ... | 2010 | 20837701 |
| metarhizium anisopliae host-pathogen interaction: differential immunoproteomics reveals proteins involved in the infection process of arthropods. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus well characterized for the biocontrol of a wide range of plagues. its pathogenicity depends on the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the host cuticle. to identify proteins involved in the infection process and in host specify, immunoproteomic analysis was performed using antiserum produced against crude extract of m. anisopliae cultured in the presence of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and dysdercus peruvianus cuticles. spots d ... | 2010 | 20943140 |
| adulticidal and larvicidal activity of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, musca domestica (diptera: muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays. | the susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), to two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sor. and beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill., was evaluated under laboratory and simulated field bioassays. bioassays on adult houseflies were carried out at different conidial concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) conidia/ml in petri plate and minichamber assays. absolute mortality was observed within 4-5 days at all the concent ... | 2010 | 21161273 |
| sporulation of several biocontrol fungi as affected by carbon and nitrogen sources in a two-stage cultivation system. | the development of fungal biopesticides requires the efficient production of large numbers spores or other propagules. the current study used published information concerning carbon concentrations and c:n ratios to evaluate the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on sporulation of paecilomyces lilacinus (ipc-p and m-14) and metarhizium anisopliae (sqz-1-21 and rs-4-1) in a two-stage cultivation system. for p. lilacinus ipcp, the optimal sporulation medium contained urea as the nitrogen source ... | 2010 | 21221932 |
| control of subterranean termites (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) infesting power poles. | a trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of termiticidal dusts (arsenic trioxide, triflumuron, and metarhizium anisopliae), a timber fumigant (dazomet) and liquid termiticides (bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, and imidacloprid) for controlling subterranean termites (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) infesting in-service power poles in new south wales, australia. dusts were applied to parts of the pole where termites were present. fumigant was inserted into holes drilled into the ... | 2010 | 21309237 |
| occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural and natural ecosystems in saltillo, méxico, and their virulence towards thrips and whiteflies. | abstract entomopathogenic fungi were collected from soil in four adjacent habitats (oak forest, agricultural soil, pine reforestation and chaparral habitat) in saltillo, méxico using the insect bait method with tenebrio molitor (l.) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) larvae as bait. overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and ... | 2011 | 21521145 |
| effect of metarhizium anisopliae fungus on off-host rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from tick-infested pasture under cattle grazing in brazil. | this work aimed to assess the effect of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae on off-host rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from tick-infested brachiaria decumbens pasture undergoing cattle grazing. for this purpose a naturally tick-infested brachiaria decumbens pasture of 60m×100m with twelve grazing holstein friesian-nelore (bos indicus) cross breed bovines was sprayed 12 times, 21 days apart with an aqueous conidial suspension of the e9 isolate of m. anisopliae fungus. control pasture was treat ... | 2011 | 21571437 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae for controlling subterranean termites. | the efficacy of the metarhizium anisopliae strain arsef 6911 was determined in the laboratory and field against two sugarcane pests, microtermes obesi holmgren and odontotermes obesus rambur (termitidae: isoptera). the susceptibility of both termite species to different conidial suspensions (1 × 10(10), 1 × 10(8), 1 × 10(6) and 1 × 10(4) conidia/ml) was determined in laboratory. all conidial suspensions were able to induce mortality. termite mortality caused by the fungal suspensions was dose de ... | 2011 | 21584407 |
| pure culture of metarhizium anisopliae lhl07 reprograms soybean to higher growth and mitigates salt stress. | little is known about the role of endophytic fungi against abiotic stresses and isoflavonoids (if) contents of soybean. in current study, we investigated the role of fungal endophytes on the growth of soybean under salt stress conditions. pure cultures of nine endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of field-grown soybean plants, and their culture filtrates were screened on waito-c and dongjin-byeo rice cultivars; for identification of plant growth promoting fungal strains. it was observed ... | 2011 | 22805930 |
| mate preference and disease risk in zootermopsis angusticollis (isoptera: termopsidae). | termites face significant and chronic intranidal selection pressures from parasites and pathogens that colonize their nests. they also encounter microbes outside their nest while foraging and during dispersal of winged primary reproductives to establish new colonies. the latter run the additional risk of becoming infected by a mating partner. indeed, death of reproductives because of disease is a major cause of incipient colony failure and may favor prescreening prospective mates for signs of il ... | 2011 | 22217773 |
| susceptibility of different populations of ticks to entomopathogenic fungi. | this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) and beauveria bassiana sensu lato (s.l.) on two distinct populations of rhipicephalus microplus, from two different experimental farms. bioassays were performed with engorged females, eggs and larvae. fungal infection was evaluated based on biological parameters of treated engorged females, percentage of hatch from treated eggs, and percentage of mortality and mean lethal time ... | 2011 | 22212684 |
| cuticle-degrading proteases produced by metarhizium anisopliae and their induction in different media. | protease production by fourteen m. anisopliae isolates differing in geographical origin and host insect were investigated. highest protease activity was observed during 4-8 days of culture incubation. pr1 and pr2 activity was investigated in various media containing different carbon and nitrogen source to evaluate the induction mechanism of these enzymes. basal levels of pr1 and pr2 activity were observed in minimal medium suggesting constitutive production. casein (1%) as an exogenous protein s ... | 2011 | 22282614 |
| metarhizium anisopliae chitinase chit30 is involved in heat-shock stress and contributes to virulence against dysdercus peruvianus. | entomopathogenic fungi are able to produce several chitinases, which serve a variety of biological functions, such as fungal cell wall organization and the degradation of exogenous chitin for nutrition or insect infection processes. in this study, we analyzed the contribution of the chit30 chitinase from metarhizium anisopliae in morphogenetic development and virulence as a model of chitinase function. the analysis of chi3 gene expression revealed transcript accumulation in response to heat-shoc ... | 2012 | 23452951 |
| a strong immune response in young adult honeybees masks their increased susceptibility to infection compared to older bees. | honeybees, apis mellifera, show age-related division of labor in which young adults perform maintenance ("housekeeping") tasks inside the colony before switching to outside foraging at approximately 23 days old. disease resistance is an important feature of honeybee biology, but little is known about the interaction of pathogens and age-related division of labor. we tested a hypothesis that older forager bees and younger "house" bees differ in susceptibility to infection. we coupled an infection ... | 2012 | 23300441 |
| influence of some parameters on the germination assessment of mycopesticides. | the substantial negative impact of some parameters on the germination of low-quality conidia (high proportion of slow-germinating propagules) was demonstrated, whereas for high-quality batches their effect was small or even absent. germination was increased as the initial hydration status of conidia immediately prior to suspension preparation was increased, being ca. 33% and 80% for dehydrated metarhizium anisopliae propagules (water activity ≤0.314) from low- or high-quality batches after an 18 ... | 2012 | 23274080 |
| use of metarhizium anisopliae chitinase genes for genotyping and virulence characterization. | virulence is the primary factor used for selection of entomopathogenic fungi (epf) for development as biopesticides. to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying differences in virulence of fungal isolates on various arthropod pests, we compared the chitinase genes, chi2 and chi4, of 8 isolates of metarhizium anisopliae. the clustering of the isolates showed various groups depending on their virulence. however, the analysis of their chitinase dna sequences chi2 and chi4 did not reveal major d ... | 2013 | 23936804 |
| genomic analyses and transcriptional profiles of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | fungal chitin metabolism involves diverse processes such as metabolically active cell wall maintenance, basic nutrition, and different aspects of virulence. chitinases are enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (gh18) and 19 (gh19) and are responsible for the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages in chitin. this linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine is an essential constituent of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. several chitinases have been directly implicated in str ... | 2014 | 25232743 |
| mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ... | 2014 | 24662974 |
| effects of fungal infection on feeding and survival of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) on plant sugars. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae shows great promise for the control of adult malaria vectors. a promising strategy for infection of mosquitoes is supplying the fungus at plant feeding sites. | 2015 | 25600411 |
| altered immunity in crowded locust reduced fungal (metarhizium anisopliae) pathogenesis. | the stress of living conditions, similar to infections, alters animal immunity. high population density is empirically considered to induce prophylactic immunity to reduce the infection risk, which was challenged by a model of low connectivity between infectious and susceptible individuals in crowded animals. the migratory locust, which exhibits polyphenism through gregarious and solitary phases in response to population density and displays different resistance to fungal biopesticide (metarhizi ... | 2013 | 23326229 |
| phylogenic analysis of adhesion related genes mad1 revealed a positive selection for the evolution of trapping devices of nematode-trapping fungi. | adhesions, the major components of the extracellular fibrillar polymers which accumulate on the outer surface of adhesive traps of nematode-trapping fungi, are thought to have played important roles during the evolution of trapping devices. phylogenetic analyses based on the genes related to adhesive materials can be of great importance for understanding the evolution of trapping devices. recently, aomad1, one homologous gene of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae cell wall protei ... | 2016 | 26941065 |
| comparison of the effect of the chosen species of saprotrophic fungi on the development of toxocara canis and ascaris suum eggs. | the study aim was to compare the antagonistic interaction between saprotrophic soil fungi and embryonic development of geohelminths toxocara canis and ascaris suum. the experimental cultures were fertilized eggs of t.canis and a. suum incubated together with mycelium of strains: fusarium culmorum, metarhizium anisopliae,paecilomyces fumosoroseus, trichoderma viride and trichothecium roseum. in the control cultures the eggs of both nematode species were incubated without fungi. the experiment was ... | 2014 | 25281819 |
| volatile organic compounds emitted by filamentous fungi isolated from flooded homes after hurricane sandy show toxicity in a drosophila bioassay. | superstorm sandy provided an opportunity to study filamentous fungi (molds) associated with winter storm damage. we collected 36 morphologically distinct fungal isolates from flooded buildings. by combining traditional morphological and cultural characters with an analysis of its sequences (the fungal dna barcode), we identified 24 fungal species that belong to eight genera: penicillium (11 species), fusarium (four species), aspergillus (three species), trichoderma (two species), and one species ... | 2016 | 27748984 |
| resource competition between two fungal parasites in subterranean termites. | subterranean termites live in large groups in underground nests where the pathogenic pressure of the soil environment has led to the evolution of a complex interaction among individual and social immune mechanisms in the colonies. however, groups of termites under stress can show increased susceptibility to opportunistic parasites. in this study, an isolate of aspergillus nomius kurtzman, horn & hessltine was obtained from a collapsed termite laboratory colony. we determined that it was primaril ... | 2012 | 23086391 |
| sequences of metanicins, 20-residue peptaibols from the ascomycetous fungus cbs 597.80. | four linear 20-residue peptaibols, named metanicins (mtcs) a-d, were isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycetous fungus cbs 597.80. structure elucidation was performed by a combination of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (fab-ms), electrospray ionization ms, edman degradation of isolated fragments, and amino acid analysis by ion-exchange and gas chromatography, and enantioselective hplc. the sequences of mtc a(b) are (amino acid exchange in b and c in parentheses): ac-aib-ala-aib ... | 2013 | 23681727 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) eggs and neonates. | tuta absoluta (meyrick) is one of the serious pests of tomatoes. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on t. absoluta . the insecticides tested were diazinon, dichlorvos, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, abamectin, indoxacarb, bacillus thuringiensis berliner, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin. sublethal effects for the most effective insecticides ... | 2017 | 28334249 |
| microbial pest control agents: are they a specific and safe tool for insect pest management? | microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and fungi) or their bioactive agents can be used as active substances and therefore are referred as microbial pest control agents (mpca). they are used as alternative strategies to chemical insecticides to counteract the development of resistances and to reduce adverse effects on both environment and human health. these natural entomopathogenic agents, which have specific modes of action, are generally considered safer as compared to conventional chemical insect ... | 2017 | 28292241 |
| selectivity of organic products to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). | the selectivity of various entomopathogens and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos = positive control) to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory, using the protocol established by the working group on "pesticides and beneficial organisms" of the iobc. the evaluated parameters were parasitism (%), adult emergence (%), and product repellency to the parasitoid when sprayed on host eggs prior to parasitism (free-choice and no-choice tests). most of th ... | 2015 | 26267248 |
| mortality and repellent effects of microbial pathogens on coptotermes formosanus (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | two entomopathogenic fungi, isaria fumosorosea and metarhizium anisopliae, and one bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, were tested for their ability to cause mortality of formosan subterranean termites (fst), coptotermes formosanus (shiraki), after liquid exposure, and for their lack of propensity to repel fst. | 2012 | 23241169 |
| in vitro interaction of metarhizium anisopliae ma9236 and beauveria bassiana bb9205 with heterorhabditis bacteriophora hni0100 for the control of plutella xylostella. | the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) is a major pest of broccoli crops in colombia. to control p. xylostella, we evaluated the interaction of beauveria bassiana bb9205 and metarhizium anisopliae ma9236 with heterorhabditis bacteriophora hni0100 and its bacterial symbiont photorhabdus luminescens hni0100. we used antagonism and disk diffusion assays with fungal extracts to test the interaction between symbiotic bacterium and fungi. p. luminescens inhibited the growth of b. bassiana and m. a ... | 2016 | 27995045 |
| chitin synthase 1 gene is crucial to antifungal host defense of the model beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the importance of the insect cuticle as a primary protective barrier against entomopathogens has long been noted. in the present study, we addressed this issue by utilizing an experimental infection system composed of the model beetle t. castaneum and two entomopathogenic fungal species, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the pupae were relatively susceptible to these fungi by the natural route of infection, with some refractoriness developed with age, while the adults exhibited much ... | 2017 | 27867018 |
| evaluation of pathogenicity of the fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana in hazelnut weevil (curculio nucum l., coleoptera, curculionidae) larvae. | the nut weevil (curculio nucum) is one of the most important and widespread pests in hazelnut orchards. in order to screen entomopathogenic fungal strains with high virulence against c. nucum, the growth rate, sporulation, and cumulative mortality of different metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana strains were investigated, and the process by which m. anisopliae com 02 infects c. nucum larvae was observed using scanning electron microscopy. the results indicated that the growth rate and ... | 2016 | 27784935 |
| effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (musca domestica) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans). | the house fly musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) and stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) are major pests of livestock. biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. three strains of beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae) and one strain of metarhizium brunneum (petch) ( ... | 2017 | 27781284 |
| infectivity of housefly, musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) to different entomopathogenic fungi. | the housefly musca domestica is a worldwide insect pest that acts as a vector for many pathogenic diseases in both people and animals. the present study was conducted to evaluate the virulence of different local isolates of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and isaria fumosorosea on m. domestica using two bioassay techniques: (1) adult immersion and (2) a bait method applied to both larvae and adults. the results showed evidence of a broad range of responses by both stages (larvae and a ... | 2017 | 27522925 |