| characterization of serine proteinase expression in agaricus bisporus and coprinopsis cinerea by using green fluorescent protein and the a. bisporus spr1 promoter. | the agaricus bisporus serine proteinase 1 (spr1) appears to be significant in both mycelial nutrition and senescence of the fruiting body. we report on the construction of an spr promoter::green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion cassette, pgreen_hph1_spr_gfp, for the investigation of temporal and developmental expression of spr1 in homobasidiomycetes and to determine how expression is linked to physiological and environmental stimuli. monitoring of a. bisporus pgreen_hph1_spr_gfp transformants on ... | 2009 | 19047386 |
| influence of dietary mushroom agaricus bisporus on intestinal morphology and microflora composition in broiler chickens. | in this study, we evaluated the intestinal morphology and bacteria populations in broiler chickens fed for six weeks diets that contained different amount of the mushroom agaricus bisporus. ninety day-old female chicks were randomly divided into three dietary treatments, each with three replicates kept in floor pens and fed a basal diet supplemented with the dried mushroom at levels of 0, 10 or 20 g/kg fresh feed. feed and water were offered to birds ad libitum. the morphological examinations of ... | 2010 | 20207382 |
| experiments with soils used for casing beds of the cultivated mushroom psalliota campestris. | | 1947 | 20247587 |
| effect of an extract from saprozoic nematode-infested compost on the mycelial growth of agaricus brunnescens. | extracts from compost infested with caenorhabditis elegans suppressed mycelial growth of agaricus brunnescens. an extract from uninfested compost also inhibited mycelial growth but to a lesser degree. the critical role of compost bacteria and/or other compost micro-organisms is implicated by these results. | 1983 | 19295849 |
| novel microsatellite markers suitable for genetic studies in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus. | co-dominant microsatellite molecular markers were obtained from the agaricus bisporus cultivated mushroom. their potential for both the molecular characterisation of commercial strains and the monitoring of the intraspecific genetic variation was demonstrated. the analysis of 673 unique sequences issued from public database and 59 from an enriched a. bisporus genomic library resulted in the development of a total of 33 single sequence repeat or microsatellite (ssr) markers. their usefulness for ... | 2009 | 19455324 |
| toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to cladobotryum dendroides and agaricus bisporus. | isolates of cladobotryum dendroides from serbian mushroom farms and agaricus bisporus f56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to c. dendroides isolates (ec(50) values were below 1.68 mg l(-1)). trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of c. dendroides isolates (ec(50) values exceeded 300 mg l(-1)). metalaxyl-m+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain f56 of a. bisporus, and iprodione th ... | 2009 | 20183096 |
| effects of alpha-glucans from agaricus bisporus on ex vivo cytokine production by lps and pha-stimulated pbmcs; a placebo-controlled study in slightly hypercholesterolemic subjects. | mushrooms are known for their immune modulating effect for which the polysaccharide fraction, mainly glucans, seem to be responsible. fungal beta-glucans have been studied extensively, whereas little is known about mushroom alpha-glucans. we have earlier shown that the polysaccharide fraction from the mushroom a. bisporus, consisting 90% of alpha-glucans, induced in vitro tumor necrosis factor (tnf)alpha and nitric oxide production. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of consum ... | 2010 | 20197785 |
| vitamin b12 is the active corrinoid produced in cultivated white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus). | analysis of vitamin b(12) in freshly harvested white button mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus ) from five farms was performed by affinity chromatography and hplc-esi-ms techniques. the vitamin b(12) concentrations obtained varied from farm to farm, with higher concentrations of vitamin b(12) detected in outer peel than in cap, stalk, or flesh, suggesting that the vitamin b(12) is probably bacteria-derived. high concentrations of vitamin b(12) were also detected in the flush mushrooms including cups ... | 2009 | 19552428 |
| effects of spawn, supplement and phase ii compost additions and time of re-casing second break compost on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) yield and biological efficiency. | three cropping experiments (0710, 0803 and 0805) were conducted to determine the effect of adding spawn, various levels of delayed release nutrient, and phase ii compost to 2nd break mushroom compost (2bkc) on mushroom yield and biological efficiency (be). we also investigated the effect of delaying time of re-casing non-supplemented and supplemented 2bkc on mushroom yields and bes. the addition of 14.6% spawn to nutrient-supplemented 2bkc (w.w./d.w) increased yield by 11.1% over the control (no ... | 2009 | 19559602 |
| postharvest hardness and color evolution of white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus). | the quality evaluation of mushrooms was studied by storing fresh white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) for 6 to 8 d, at various controlled temperature conditions (3.5 to 15 degrees c) and measuring the instrumental textural hardness and color of the mushroom cap for different product batches. a nonlinear mixed effect weibull model was used to describe mushroom cap texture and color kinetics during storage considering the batch variability into account. storage temperature was found to play ... | 2010 | 20492287 |
| biological control of lycoriella ingenua (diptera: sciaridae) in commercial mushroom (agaricus bisporus) cultivation: a comparison between hypoaspis miles and steinernema feltiae. | mushroom cultivation may be adversely affected by insect pests, including sciarids (lycoriella spp.), which were previously controlled by application of chemical pesticides. however, owing to food safety and environmental concerns, availability of pesticides for use during mushroom cultivation has diminished. consequently, it is imperative to investigate alternative control strategies, not reliant on chemical pesticides, which may be used in an integrated pest management system. | 2009 | 19562663 |
| agaricus bisporus as a source of tyrosinase for phenol detection for future biosensor development. | phenols are toxic compounds that are present in several industrial wastewaters, so their quantification has great environmental importance. in order to permit an analytical methodology for in situ monitoring, this work aims to study the application of agaricus bisporus tissue as a source of tyrosinase and the optimum reaction conditions for the development of a phenol biosensor. such an enzyme is a polyphenol oxidase that transforms many different phenolic compounds into quinones. experiments wi ... | 2010 | 20540422 |
| the development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, lycoriella ingenua (dufour) and bradysia ocellaris (comstock), in cultivated mushrooms. | mushrooms are susceptible to a range of diseases and pests that can cause serious crop loss. effective pest and pathogen control is a very important factor for the maintenance of efficient production of cultivated mushrooms. integrated pest management in mushrooms is reliant upon four main principals/elements: sanitation, exclusion, monitoring and pest control. bradysia ocellaris (comstock) and lycoriella ingenua (dufour) (diptera: sciaridae) are major pests of cultivated mushrooms, agaricus bis ... | 2010 | 20597099 |
| a glycoprotein extracted from golden oyster mushroom pleurotus citrinopileatus exhibiting growth inhibitory effect against u937 leukemia cells. | mushrooms have become popular sources of natural antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory agents. golden oyster mushroom, pleurotus citrinopileatus , is a common mushroom in oriental countries for human consumption. we isolated a functional protein (pcp-3a) from the fresh fruiting body of this mushroom. the isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sepharose cl-6b ion exchange chromatography, and sephacryl s-300 gel filtration. electrophore ... | 2009 | 19606865 |
| differentiation of homokaryons and heterokaryons of agaricus bisporus with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. | morphologically different fifteen slow growing single spore isolates (ssis) were screened from germinated basidiospores of agaricus bisporus; assumed to be homokaryons, and subjected to growth rate, spawn run, fruiting and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) analysis for confirmation of true homokaryons. the present studies are the first report of fingerprinting on differentiating homo- and hetero-karyotic ssis using issr markers. the patterns were highly polymorphic and very reproducible. among ... | 2011 | 20630725 |
| assessment of the biosorption characteristics of a macro-fungus for the decolorization of acid red 44 (ar44) dye. | this study focuses on the possible use of macro-fungus agaricus bisporus to remove acid red 44 dye from aqueous solutions. batch equilibrium studies were carried out as a function of ph, biomass amount, contact time and temperature to determine the decolorization efficiency of biosorbent. the highest dye removal yield was achieved at ph 2.0. equilibrium occurred within about 30 min. biosorption data were successfully described by langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. ... | 2009 | 19631464 |
| oxidation of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic lignin model compound 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol by laccases and model oxidants. | mixtures of equal amounts of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic arylglycerol beta-aryl ether 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol were oxidized (i) with laccases from trametes versicolor, agaricus bisporus, myceliophthora thermophila and rhus vernicifera, (ii) with laccase-mediator systems consisting of t. versicolor laccase and abts or hbt, and (iii) with various model oxidants including cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate (can), lignin peroxidase, fenton's reagen ... | 2009 | 19646732 |
| agaritine content of 53 agaricus species collected from nature. | fifty-three different species of the genus agaricus were collected in the czech republic during the period 1998-2001 and identified by an experienced mycologist. the samples were analysed for agaritine (n2-(gamma-l-glutamyl)-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine) content, a precursor to a suspected rodent carcinogen. there was a huge variation in agaritine content between species, but less variation between samples of a species. whereas the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus commonly contain 200-500 ... | 2009 | 19680875 |
| stimulation of human macrophages (thp-1) using toll-like receptor-2 (tlr-2) agonist decorated nanocarriers. | the purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize nanocarrier systems, which allow the application of pdna vaccines and adjuvants to mucosal vaccination. chitosan from a vegetal source (agaricus bisporus) and of gmp quality was used to synthesize the derivative 6-o-carboxymethyl-n,n,n-trimethylchitosan (cm-tmc). toll-like receptor-2 (tlr-2) agonist, pam(3)cys, was synthesized and coupled to cm-tmc through a polyethylene glycol (peg) spacer. successively, pam(3)cys decorated nanocarriers ... | 2009 | 19694614 |
| expression of phenol oxidase and heat-shock genes during the development of agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies, healthy and infected by lecanicillium fungicola. | the fungal pathogen lecanicillium fungicola (formerly verticillium fungicola) is responsible for severe losses worldwide in the mushroom (agaricus bisporus) industry. infected crops are characterised by masses of undifferentiated tissue (bubbles) growing in place of sporophores. the expression of three laccase genes (lcc1, lcc2 and lcc3), two tyrosinase genes (abppo1 and abppo2) and the hspa gene encoding a heat-shock protein known to be potentially associated with host-pathogen interaction was ... | 2010 | 19711071 |
| effects of fragmentation, supplementation and the addition of phase ii compost to 2nd break compost on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) yield. | double-cropping offers growers an opportunity to increase production efficiency while reducing costs. we evaluated degree of fragmentation, supplementation, and addition of phase ii compost (piic) to 2nd break compost (2bkc) on mushroom yield and biological efficiency (be%). one crop was extended as a triple crop in which we evaluated effect of compost type, and addition of phase ii compost and supplement. all crops involved removing the casing layer after 2nd break and then using 2bkc for the v ... | 2010 | 19733059 |
| [formation of flavor of dry champignons (agaricus bisporus)]. | the composition of aroma compounds of dry champignons (agaricus bisporus l.) were identified using capillary gas chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. in total, 56 compounds were identified. it was found that the flavor of dry mushrooms was formed by the volatile compounds produced as a result of enzymatic and oxidative conversion of unsaturated fatty acids as well as in the maillard reaction. unsaturated alcohols and ketones containing eight carbon atoms determined the mushroom n ... | 2010 | 20198929 |
| volatile c8 compounds and pseudomonads influence primordium formation of agaricus bisporus. | primordium formation of agaricus bisporus depends on the presence of a casing layer containing stimulatory bacteria and on sufficient air exchange. the influence of specific pseudomonad populations and volatile organic compounds (voc) on primordium formation of a. bisporus was studied in microcosm cultures. voc produced by a. bisporus mycelium were predominantly c8 compounds, some of which could inhibit primordium formation, with 1-octen-3-ol being most inhibitory. a voc produced by the rye grai ... | 2009 | 19750937 |
| establishing molecular tools for genetic manipulation of the pleuromutilin-producing fungus clitopilus passeckerianus. | we describe efficient polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated and agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems for a pharmaceutically important basidiomycete fungus, clitopilus passeckerianus, which produces pleuromutilin, a diterpene antibiotic. three dominant selectable marker systems based on hygromycin, phleomycin, and carboxin selection were used to study the feasibility of peg-mediated transformation of c. passeckerianus. the peg-mediated transformation of c. passeckerianus protoplasts was suc ... | 2009 | 19767458 |
| modelling the effect of the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials used as casing layers on the production parameters of agaricus bisporus. | the aim of this research was to show the mathematical data obtained through the correlations found between the physical and chemical characteristics of casing layers and the final mushrooms' properties. for this purpose, 8 casing layers were used: soil, soil + peat moss, soil + black peat, soil + composted pine bark, soil + coconut fibre pith, soil + wood fibre, soil + composted vine shoots and, finally, the casing of la rioja subjected to the ruffling practice. the conclusion that interplays in ... | 2010 | 20878147 |
| in vitro sensitivity of verticillium fungicola to selected fungicides. | twenty isolates of verticillium fungicola var. fungicola collected from diseased fruit-bodies of agaricus bisporus from prochloraz-treated crops, were exposed to a range of concentrations of six chemicals (benomyl, chlorothalonil, formaldehyde, iprodione, prochloraz-mn-complex and prochloraz + carbendazim) in vitro. ec(50) values were determined for each fungus-fungicide combination. all isolates were more sensitive to prochloraz-mn-complex (ec(50) values less than 5 mg 1(-1)) than to the remain ... | 1996 | 20882460 |
| abundance and distribution of microdispus lambi (acari: microdispidae) in spanish mushroom crops. | the myceliophagous mite microdispus lambi has become a veritable plague since 1996, when it was first observed in spanish mushroom crops, and is now causing substantial economic losses, particulary in spring and summer. this study looks at seasonal variation of the pest, its distribution on commercial farms and the population development during the crop cycle of the common white mushroom, agaricus bisporus. over a period of 18 months, 24 consecutive mushroom crop cycles were monitored and a tota ... | 2010 | 19830580 |
| particle and naked rna mycoviruses in industrially cultivated mushroom pleurotus ostreatus in china. | many cultivated mushroom strains, such as pleurotus ostreatus td300, displayed symptoms of degeneration. a spherical virus posv and four dsrna segments were extracted from mycelium of p. ostreatus td300. posv had a diameter of 23 nm and encapsidated a 2.5kb dsrna segment with coat proteins whose molecular weights were 39 kda and 30 kda. four dsrna segments were 8.2 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.0 kb, and 1.1 kb in size, respectively. the 1.1 kb dsrna segment often escaped detection. the cdna and the amino acid ... | 2010 | 20943162 |
| effects of mushroom-derived beta-glucan-rich polysaccharide extracts on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages and nuclear factor-kappab transactivation in caco-2 reporter cells: can effects be explained by structure? | mushrooms are known for their immune-modulating and anti-tumour properties. the polysaccharide fraction, mainly beta-glucans, is responsible for the immune-modulating effects. fungal beta-glucans have been shown to activate leukocytes, which depend on structural characteristics of beta-glucans. as edible mushrooms come in contact with the intestinal immune system, effects on enterocytes are also interesting. our aim was to evaluate the effect of mushroom polysaccharide extracts varying in beta-g ... | 2010 | 19885842 |
| cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. | pleurotus ostreatus is the second most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide after agaricus bisporus. it has economic and ecological values and medicinal properties. mushroom culture has moved toward diversification with the production of other mushrooms. edible mushrooms are able to colonize and degrade a large variety of lignocellulosic substrates and other wastes which are produced primarily through the activities of the agricultural, forest, and food-processing industries. particularly, p. os ... | 2010 | 19956947 |
| an expanded genetic linkage map of an intervarietal agaricus bisporus var. bisporusxa. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid based on aflp, ssr and caps markers sheds light on the recombination behaviour of the species. | a genetic linkage map for the edible basidiomycete agaricus bisporus was constructed from 118 haploid homokaryons derived from an intervarietal a. bisporus var. bisporus x a. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid. two hundred and thirty-one aflp, 21 ssr, 68 caps markers together with the mat, bsn, ppc1 loci and one allozyme locus (adh) were evenly spread over 13 linkage groups corresponding to the chromosomes of a. bisporus. the map covers 1156cm, with an average marker spacing of 3.9cm and encompasses ... | 2010 | 20026415 |
| performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens supplemented with dried mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) in their diet. | in this study, we evaluated the growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chicken supplemented with the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. ninety 1-d-old female broiler chickens randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments were given either a nutritionally balanced basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 10 or 20 g of dried mushroom/kg of feed for 6 wk on an ad libitum basis. body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio values were monitored weekly. to evaluate the antioxid ... | 2010 | 20075283 |
| white button mushroom (agaricus bisporus) lowers blood glucose and cholesterol levels in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats. | agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom; wbm) contains high levels of dietary fibers and antioxidants including vitamin c, d, and b(12); folates; and polyphenols that may provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. the objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that intake of the fruiting bodies of wbm regulates anticholesterolemic and antiglycemic responses in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.5% cholesterol; 14% fat) and rats with type 2 diabetes induc ... | 2010 | 20116660 |
| microbially induced diseases of agaricus bisporus: biochemical mechanisms and impact on commercial mushroom production. | the button mushroom, agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach, the most common cultivated mushroom, is susceptible to a wide range of virus, bacterial, and fungal diseases. however, only some diseases were studied for the mechanisms involved in the host-microorganism interaction. this review deals with biochemical mechanisms related to cavity disease (burkholderia gladioli) and to the interaction between a. bisporus and the causal agents responsible for the most severe diseases, namely the bacteria pseu ... | 2010 | 20127233 |
| detection of food-derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects on human health using a global adductomics approach. | a range of damaged nucleosides, also found in digested dietary dna, appear to be taken up by cells and incorporated into the cells' own dna. most incorporated damaged nucleosides will be repaired by cellular dna repair systems. however, a small fraction of these will escape repair and thus ultimately create mutations. over the long human lifespan this could be a mechanism that contributes to disease, cancer, and aging. this study analyzed damaged nucleosides derived from dietary dna in a commerc ... | 2010 | 20429587 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the vegetative dikaryotic mycelium of the cultivated mushroom flammulina velutipes. | agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to transform the vegetative dikaryotic mycelium of flammulina velutipes using a hygromycin b resistance gene as selectable marker. the gene coding for urogen iii methyltransferase (cob) was introduced into f. velutipes dikaryotic cells. the resulting transformant cells generated a bright red fluorescence, indicating that cob is promising as a reporter gene in f. velutipes. | 2010 | 21071861 |
| scar makers and multiplex pcr-based rapid molecular typing of lentinula edodes strains. | lentinula edodes is the second most important cultivated mushroom worldwide, the most commercial strains have been identified only through traditional phenotypic analysis. in this study, a simple rapid pcr-based molecular method was developed for distinguishing commercial strains of l. edodes by developing specific sequence characterized amplified region (scar) markers and establishing multiplex pcr assays with the scar primers. derived from the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and sequ ... | 2010 | 20358374 |
| characterization of a mycovirus associated with the brown discoloration of edible mushroom, flammulina velutipes. | a mycovirus previously identified in brown discolored fruiting bodies of the cultivated mushroom flammulina velutipes was characterized. we tentatively named the virus the f. velutipes browning virus (fvbv). | 2010 | 21106114 |
| anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking a t-antigen-specific lectin inhibits human epithelial tumor cell proliferation. | cancer-associated mucins show frequent alterations of oligosaccharide chain profile. terminal structures may be deleted, thereby exposing normally 'cryptic' structures such as tn (galnacα-o-ser/thr) and t antigen (galβ1-3galnacα-o-ser/thr). overexpression of these commonly hidden glycoforms, and reduced level of naturally occurring anti-t or anti-tn antibodies, is associated with epithelial tumor progression and aggressiveness. the lectin from the common edible mushroom agaricus bisporus (abl) s ... | 2010 | 20404839 |
| [spectral analysis of some nutrients and minerals in agaricus bisporus fruit bodies harvested at four different maturity stages]. | the contents of nutritional elements such as na, k, p, ca, mg and trace elements such as cu, se, mo, fe in agaricus bisporus fruit bodies harvested at four different maturity stages (stage i, ii, iii, iv) were analyzed by icp-aes, and the contents of some nutritional ingredients such as water, soluble protein, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid were also investigated. the results showed that the contents of na, k, p, mg, cu, se and mo in stage i was respectively higher than those in the other three ... | 2010 | 21137429 |
| prediction of polyphenol oxidase activity using visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) caps. | physical stress (i.e., bruising) during harvesting, handling, and transportation triggers enzymatic discoloration of mushrooms, a common and detrimental phenomenon largely mediated by polyphenol oxidase (ppo) enzymes. hyperspectral imaging (hsi) is a nondestructive technique that combines imaging and spectroscopy to obtain information from a sample. the objective of this study was to assess the ability of hsi to predict the activity of ppo on mushroom caps. hyperspectral images of mushrooms subj ... | 2010 | 20411944 |
| mineral composition of different strains of edible medicinal mushroom agaricus subrufescens peck. | agaricus subrufescens peck is a well-known basidiomycota fungus (royal sun agaricus), with rising demand in consumption and production worldwide. this particular mushroom with high medical value has been used successfully in cancer therapy and in the treatment of some bacterial and viral diseases. four strains of a. subrufescens (si2.2, 853, 1105, and 2603) were cultivated, and 22 mineral elements of basidiomes (fruit bodies) were analyzed (caps and stipes separately). the data obtained about th ... | 2010 | 21091259 |
| trichoderma harzianum metabolites pre-adapt mushrooms to trichoderma aggressivum antagonism. | trichoderma spp. is the cause of green mold, a disorder that affects cultivated mushrooms. the aims of the study were to establish whether improvement of mushroom resistance to trichoderma aggressivum could be obtained by inducing reaction mechanisms before contact with the pathogen and whether this ability was species or strain dependent. twenty nine isolates of agaricus bisporus, 29 isolates of lentinula edodes and 18 isolates of pleurotus spp. were studied. the effect of t. harzianum metaboli ... | 2003 | 21156605 |
| inhibitory effects of 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one on the melanogenesis of murine b16 melanoma cell line. | hyperpigmentations are a serious concern addressed by both the medical community and the cosmetic industry through the development of agents that block melanin biosynthesis. in this study, we found that 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (apo), isolated from extracts of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus imbach, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in b16 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. apo inhibited melanin biosynthesis at 1,000 times lower concentrations (ic(50)=1.31+/-0.08 mic ... | 2010 | 20445320 |
| efficiency of rapd and issr markers in differentiation of homo- and heterokaryotic protoclones of agaricus bisporus. | morphologically, nine different slow-growing protoclones were screened from regenerated protoplast of heterokaryotic agaricus bisporus. the present study is the first report of fingerprinting on differentiating homo- and heterokaryotic protoclones using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers. among 80 primers tested, the seven issr and seven rapd primers selected for the analysis generated a total of 94 issr and 52 rapd fragments, respectively. is ... | 2010 | 20467239 |
| phg/psilbaγ vector system for efficient gene silencing in homobasidiomycetes: optimization of ihprna - triggering in the mycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor. | psilbaγ silencing vector was constructed for efficient rna silencing triggering in the model mycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor. this cloning vector carries the agaricus bisporus gpdii promoter, two multiple cloning sites separated by a l. bicolor nitrate reductase intron and the aspergillus nidulans trpc terminator. psilbaγ allows an easy oriented two-step pcr cloning of hairpin sequences to be expressed in basidiomycetes. with one further cloning step into phg, a pcambia1300-based binary vect ... | 2010 | 21255319 |
| use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric data analysis to evaluate damage and age in mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) grown in ireland. | the aim of this research was to investigate whether the chemical changes induced by mechanical damage and aging of mushrooms can be (a) detected in the midinfrared absorption region and (b) identified using chemometric data analysis. mushrooms grown under controlled conditions were bruise-damaged by vibration to simulate damage during normal transportation. damaged and nondamaged mushrooms were stored for up to 7 days postharvest. principal component analysis of fourier transform infrared (ftir) ... | 2010 | 20518458 |
| characterization of pseudomonads isolated from decaying sporocarps of oyster mushroom. | pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most extensively cultivated mushrooms in the world; however, the success of cultivation often depends on the proliferation of different bacterial pathogens. pseudomonas tolaasii is thought as the major cause of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus and yellowing of pleurotus ostreatus. in this study we examined the pathogenicity and assessed the industrial damage causing effect of 41 pseudomonas strains isolated from deformed, yellowing oyster mushroom (p. o ... | 2011 | 20627228 |
| gene knockdown by ihprna-triggering in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus laccaria bicolor. | ectomycorrhiza (ecm) is a mutualistic association between fungi and the roots of the vast majority of trees. these include numerous ecologically and economically relevant species and the participating fungal symbionts are predominantly filamentous basidiomycetes. in natural ecosystems the plant nutrient uptake from soil takes place via the extraradical mycelia of these ecm mycosimbionts as a trade for plant photosyntates. the symbiotic phase in the life cycle of ecm basidiomycetes is the dikaryo ... | 2010 | 21326837 |
| both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment. | cardiovascular disease (cvd) is a leading cause of mortality in the united states as well as globally. epidemiological studies show that regular fruit and vegetable consumption reduces cvd risk, in part, due to antioxidant activity and immunomodulation since oxidative stress and inflammation are features of atherogenesis. accumulating evidence also shows that dietary fungi, viz., mushrooms, can protect against chronic disease by altering inflammatory environments such as those associated with cv ... | 2010 | 20637088 |
| multiple recognition systems adopting four different glycotopes at the same domain for the agaricus bisporus agglutinin-glycan interactions. | for the galnacalpha1--> specific agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba) from an edible mushroom, the mechanism of polyvalent galbeta1-->3/4glcnacbeta1--> complex in aba-carbohydrate recognition has not been well defined since gal and glcnac are weak ligands. by enzyme-linked lectinosorbent and inhibition assays, we show that the polyvalent galbeta1-->3/4glcnacbeta1--> in natural glycans also play vital roles in binding and we propose that four different intensities of glycotopes (galbeta1-3galnacalp ... | 2010 | 20643131 |
| heterologous expression of the immunomodulatory protein gene from ganoderma sinense in the basidiomycete coprinopsis cinerea. | fip-gsi, a fungal immunomodulatory protein found in ganoderma sinense, has antitumour, anti-allergy and immunomodulatory activities and is regulated by the fip-gsi gene. in this study, we aimed to express the fip-gsi gene from g. sinense in coprinopsis cinerea to increase yield of fips-gsi. | 2010 | 20659187 |
| bioproduction of mushroom mycelium of agaricus bisporus by commercial submerged fermentation for the production of meat analogue. | as worldwide interest in healthy and delicious meat analogues increases, the texture of these products has become an important indicator of quality. mycoprotein as fungal mycelium could provide a distinctive chewing sensation; however, the unfavorable consumer perception of fungal mycelium demands the production of meat analogues with true mushroom mycelium. | 2011 | 21445867 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of two new polyphenol oxidase cdnas from agaricus bisporus. | two new polyphenol oxidase (ppo) cdnas (ppo3 and ppo4 cdnas, accession numbers gq354801 and gq354802, respectively) were obtained by race-pcr from agaricus bisporus. ppo3 cdna was 1844 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1731 bp, while ppo4 cdna was 2042 bp with an open reading frame of 1836 bp. ppo3 and ppo4 cdnas, with 52% identity at the nucleic acid level, encoded a 576-amino acid protein of 66.3 kda and 611-amino acid protein of 68.3 kda, respectively. mature forms of ppo3 and ppo4 w ... | 2010 | 20676921 |
| effects of heavy metals on production of thiol compounds and antioxidant enzymes in agaricus bisporus. | in a pre-experiment, agaricus bisporus mycelia grown in pdl medium were found to have a substantial ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. in the study, we investigated changes in the contents of soluble protein and thiol compounds as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes caused by copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium (nitrate salts) in mycelia of a. bisporus during short-and long-term exposure. results showed that high-level metal concentrations significantly decrease the contents ... | 2011 | 21529942 |
| lecanicillium fungicola: causal agent of dry bubble disease in white-button mushroom. | lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in commercially cultivated mushroom. this review summarizes current knowledge on the biology of the pathogen and the interaction between the pathogen and its most important host, the white-button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. the ecology of the pathogen is discussed with emphasis on host range, dispersal and primary source of infection. in addition, current knowledge on mushroom defence mechanisms is reviewed. taxonomy: lecanicillium fungicola (pr ... | 2010 | 20695998 |
| effect of electron beam irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of the white button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus fruit bodies were exposed to different doses (1, 2, 3, and 4 kgy) of electron beam irradiation (ebi), and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as selected enzymes considered to play a role in senescence, were monitored over a subsequent 16-day storage period at 4 degrees c and 75-85% relative humidity. ebi retarded postharvest mushroom softening and overall increases in malondialdehyde levels were more pronounced in controls compared ... | 2010 | 20698564 |
| high molecular weight glucan of the culinary medicinal mushroom agaricus bisporus is an alpha-glucan that forms complexes with low molecular weight galactan. | an alpha-glucan was isolated from the culinary medicinal mushroom a. bisporus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deae-cellulose chromatography. the resulting material showed a single hmw peak excluded from a sephadex g50 column that could completely be degraded by alpha-amylase treatment. after heating in 1% sds a small additional peak of low mw eluted from the g50 column. the monosaccharide composition of the main peak was evaluated by hplc, and was found to consist of a majorit ... | 2010 | 20736909 |
| mutual influence of soil basidiomycetes and white mustard plants on their enzymatic and catabolic activities. | liquid and volatile emanations in interactions of soil basidiomycetes with herbs affect fungal oxidoreductases and stress-related plant peroxidases (po). in this study, gnotobiotic co-cultures between 6 non-pathogenic saprobes and 2 ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes with the non-host plant white mustard were established on glucose-salt medium with the respective controls. determined were oxidoreductase activities for culture fluids and plant tissues at initial fungal idiophase and degradation rates ... | 2011 | 20806256 |
| la france disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus in poland. | presence of the virus associated with la france disease was confirmed in the mushrooms collected from different farms located in western poland. double-stranded rna (dsrna) was isolated from the mushrooms exhibiting a wide range of the disease symptoms including premature veil opening, brown-colored mushrooms, and loss of crop yield. the presence of dsrna molecules (m1, m2, and l3) was confirmed by rt-pcr and sequencing. furthermore, la france isometric virus (lfiv)-like particles were observed ... | 2010 | 20822315 |
| commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. | worldwide, over one million women will be newly diagnosed with breast cancer in the next year. moreover, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the usa. an accumulating body of evidence suggests that consumption of dietary mushrooms can protect against breast cancer. in this study, we tested and compared the ability of five commonly consumed or specialty mushrooms to modulate cell number balance in the cancer process using mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. hot water extracts ... | 2010 | 20921274 |
| the agaricus bisporus cox1 gene: the longest mitochondrial gene and the largest reservoir of mitochondrial group i introns. | in eukaryotes, introns are located in nuclear and organelle genes from several kingdoms. large introns (up to 5 kbp) are frequent in mitochondrial genomes of plant and fungi but scarce in metazoa, even if these organisms are grouped with fungi among the opisthokonts. mitochondrial introns are classified in two groups (i and ii) according to their rna secondary structure involved in the intron self-splicing mechanism. most of these mitochondrial group i introns carry a "homing endonuclease gene" ... | 2010 | 21124976 |
| xylogone ganodermophthora sp. nov., an ascomycetous pathogen causing yellow rot on cultivated mushroom ganoderma lucidum in korea. | yellow rot, caused by an ascomycetous fungus having a distinctive arthroconidial anamorph, is the most destructive disease of cultivated ganoderma lucidum in korea, but the identity of the yellow rot pathogen (yrp) remains uncertain. isolates have been identified as xylogone sphaerospora (with putative anamorph sporendonema purpurascens) or as arthrographis cuboidea. therefore we used morphological features, pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic analyses of dna sequences from the nuclear ribosoma ... | 2010 | 20943517 |
| screening of antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical contents of edible mushrooms wildly grown in the black sea region of turkey. | the antioxidative activity of the methanol extracts obtained from twelve commonly consumed wild edible mushrooms was investigated according to the phosphomolybdenum method, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, o(2)(˙-), dpph(˙), peroxide and h(2)o(2) scavenging activity in the black sea region of turky, and compared to standard antioxidant compounds such as a-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (bha), butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), and trolox. total phenol ... | 2011 | 20958253 |
| ergosterol profiles, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant activities of button mushrooms as affected by tissue part and developmental stage. | this article investigated the mycochemical profiles and the antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extracts of the white and brown button mushrooms. we found that only free ergosterols were present in both mushrooms at 2.04-4.82 mg/g dry matter (dm). ergosterol concentration was higher in early growth stages but decreased as the mushrooms grew, and it distributed evenly between the caps and stems during early developmental stages but accumulated more in the caps after maturation. the photochem ... | 2010 | 20961043 |
| assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from yunnan province, china. | eight heavy metals (cu, zn, fe, mn, cd, cr, ni, and pb) in 14 different wild-growing edible mushroom species (coprinus comatus, voluariella volvacea, pleurotus nebrodensis, hypsizigus marmoreus, hericium erinaceus, agrocybe aegerita, lenfinus edodes, collybia velutipes, agaricus bisporus, russula albida, clitocybe conglobata, pleurotus eryngii, lepista sordida, and pleurotus ostreatus) collected from yunnan province, china, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectromet ... | 2010 | 20976551 |
| inhibition of gst-pi nuclear transfer increases mantle cell lymphoma sensitivity to cisplatin, cytarabine, gemcitabine, bortezomib and doxorubicin. | mantle cell lymphoma (mcl) is a chemoresistant lymphoma overexpressing the class pi glutathione-s-transferase (gst-pi). the nuclear localisation of gst-pi is induced by chemotherapy and is correlated to cell resistance. in this study, the effect of the agaricus bisporus lectin (abl), a gst-pi nuclear transfer inhibitor, on the chemosensitivity of mcl cells was investigated. | 2010 | 21036708 |
| comparative linkage mapping in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus provides foundation for breeding management. | to assess the feasibility of marker-assisted selection in mushrooms, a comparative mapping study between two connected populations of the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus was performed. the first mapping population had been used already for the construction of the a. bisporus reference linkage map. in the present study, a new linkage map based on the segregation analysis of a second generation hybrid progeny was developed. in order to increase the number of available anchor markers, we de ... | 2010 | 21046108 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of aryl hydrazines and hydrazides for anticancer activity. | aryl hydrazine and hydrazide analogues were synthesized based on p-tolyl hydrazine, isolated as a breakdown product of a secondary metabolite from the mushroom, agaricus bisporus, and tested to be highly active molecule than 5-fluorouracil in in vitro anticancer studies. the synthesized analogues were tested for anticancer activity using nci protocol. anolgues 12 and 15 emerged as molecules with significant in vitro anticancer activity. molecular docking study revealed the binding orientations o ... | 2010 | 21046979 |
| primordia initiation of mushroom (agaricus bisporus) strains on axenic casing materials. | the mushroom (agaricus bisporus) has a requirement for a "casing layer" that has specific physical, chemical and microbiological properties which stimulate and promote the initiation of primordia. some of these primordia then may develop further into sporophores, involving differentiation of tissue. wild and commercial strains of a. bisporus were cultured in axenic and nonaxenic microcosms, using a rye grain substrate covered by a range of organic and inorganic casing materials. in axenic cultur ... | 2003 | 21148971 |
| trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic of commercially grown agaricus bisporus. | trichoderma aggressivum sp. nov. and t. aggressivum f. europaeum f. nov. are described. these forms cause the green mold epidemic in commercially grown agaricus bisporus in north america and europe, respectively. in the literature they have been reported as t. harzianum biotypes th 4 and th 2, respectively. they are strongly separated from their closest relative, t. harzianum, in sequences of the its-1 region of nuclear rdna and an approximately 689 bp fragment of the protein coding translation ... | 2002 | 21156486 |
| a novel homothallic variety of agaricus bisporus comprises rare tetrasporic isolates from europe. | among 400 wild specimens of a. bisporus collected in europe, only three were tetrasporic. in the case of two of them from france, a previous study showed that one was homokaryotic and hypothetically belonged to a homothallic entity while the other was heterokaryotic and possibly resulted from hybridization between a member of this entity and a classical bisporic strain. a third tetrasporic specimen recently was discovered in greece. morphological and genetic comparisons, using alloenzymatic mark ... | 2003 | 21156608 |
| lectins as a tool for detecting neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain. | glycoconjugates are biopolymers that are broadly distributed in the central nervous system, including the cell surface of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells (nscs/npcs). glycoconjugates can be recognized by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins. two lectins, phaseolus vulgaris lectin agglutinin e-form (pha-e4) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) have been reported to be useful in isolating nscs/npcs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) or immunopanning methods. in this study, we a ... | 2010 | 21235006 |
| nutritional characteristics of proteins from the volva and pileus in cultivated mushroom dictyophora rubrovolvata. | dictyophora rubrovolvata is one of the commercially important mushroom species in china. however, its volva and pileus account for about 65% of the whole mushroom (by fresh weight), and most of them are dumped without utilization. to effectively utilize the waste, the present study determined their proximate composition and investigated the nutritional characteristics of their proteins via the analysis of amino acid composition and protein fractionation. the results showed that the volva and pil ... | 2011 | 21284496 |
| structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (boletus edulis) mushrooms. | a novel lectin has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the common edible mushroom boletus edulis (king bolete, penny bun, porcino or cep) by affinity chromatography on a chitin column. we propose for the lectin the name bel (b. edulis lectin). bel inhibits selectively the proliferation of several malignant cell lines and binds the neoplastic cell-specific t-antigen disaccharide, galß1-3galnac. the lectin was structurally characterized: the molecule is a homotetramer and the 142-amino acid ... | 2011 | 21303815 |
| accumulation of lignin and malondialdehyde in relation to quality changes of button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) stored in modified atmosphere. | whole fresh button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) were stored in unsealed bags in two types of modified atmosphere packaging (map), namely, active and passive, at 4 °c. the packaging film was 0.04 mm low-density polyethylene and the gas composition of the active map was 12% o(2), 2.5% co(2) and 85.5% n( 2). firmness of mushroom showed a positive correlation with the accumulation of lignin in the tissue. on the other hand, changes of malondialdehyde content with storage time were proportional to t ... | 2010 | 21339137 |
| exquisite binding specificity of sclerotium rolfsii lectin toward tf-related o-linked mucin-type glycans. | sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl), a secretory protein from the soil borne phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium rolfsii, has shown in our previous studies to bind strongly to the oncofetal thomson-friedenreich carbohydrate (galß1-3galnac-ser/thr, t or tf) antigen. tf antigen is widely expressed in many types of human cancers and the strong binding of srl toward such a cancer-associated carbohydrate structure led us to characterize the carbohydrate binding specificity of srl. glycan array analysis, wh ... | 2011 | 21347715 |
| in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity studies on three agaricus species with fatty acid compositions and iron contents: a comparative study on the three most edible mushrooms. | the fatty acids of agaricus essettei, agaricus bitorquis and agaricus bisporus were investigated by using gc and gc-ms. the dominant fatty acids were found to be linoleic (61.82-67.29%) and palmitic (12.67-14.71%) acids among the 13 fatty acids detected in the oils. total unsaturation for the oils was calculated as 77.50%, 77.44%, and 79.72%, respectively. in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were also studied. the ethyl acetate extract of agaricus bitorquis show ... | 2011 | 21419821 |
| structural basis for ligand recognition in a mushroom lectin: solvent structure as specificity predictor. | lectins are able to recognize specific carbohydrate structures through their carbohydrate recognition domain (crd). the lectin from the mushroom agaricus bisporus (abl) has the remarkable ability of selectively recognizing the tf-antigen, composed of galß1-3galnac, ser/thr linked to proteins, specifically exposed in neoplastic tissues. strikingly, the recently solved crystal structure of tetrameric abl in the presence of tf-antigen and other carbohydrates showed that each monomer has two crds, e ... | 2011 | 21453906 |
| quantitative genetics to dissect the fungal-fungal interaction between lecanicillium verticillium and the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus. | lecanicillium fungicola (formerly verticillium fungicola) is responsible for dry bubble disease in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus. selection for resistance to this pathogen raises an important challenge for mushroom breeders. we have investigated the inheritance of resistance to dry bubble under artificial inoculation in three independent experiments, using a progeny of 89 hybrids derived from an intervarietal a. bisporus var. bisporus×a. bisporus var. burnettii cross. overall, phen ... | 2011 | 21530924 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of tyrosinase from the mushroom agaricus bisporus. | tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine quinone, which is the main precursor for the biosynthesis of melanin. the enzyme from agaricus bisporus, the common button mushroom, was purified and crystallized in two different space groups. crystals belonging to space group p2(1) (unit-cell parameters a = 104.2, b = 105.0, c = 119.1 å, β = 110.6°, four molecules per asymmetric unit) diffracted to 3.0 å resolution. crystals belonging to space group p2(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell ... | 2011 | 21543865 |
| mixed-type inhibition of tyrosinase from agaricus bisporus by terephthalic acid: computational simulations and kinetics. | tyrosinase inhibition studies are needed due to the agricultural and medicinal applications. for probing effective inhibitors of tyrosinase, a combination of computational prediction and enzymatic assay via kinetics were important. we predicted the 3d structure of tyrosinase from agaricus bisporus, used a docking algorithm to simulate binding between tyrosinase and terephthalic acid (tpa) and studied the reversible inhibition of tyrosinase by tpa. simulation was successful (binding energies for ... | 2011 | 21562848 |
| crystal structure of agaricus bisporus mushroom tyrosinase: identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone. | tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of phenolic compounds into their quinone derivatives, which are precursors for the formation of melanin, a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms. because of its importance for browning reactions in the food industry, the tyrosinase from the mushroom agaricus bisporus has been investigated in depth. in previous studies the tyrosinase enzyme complex was shown to be a h(2)l(2) tetramer, but no clues were obtained of the identities of the subunits, their mode of ... | 2011 | 21598903 |
| alternative medicine safety: agaricus blazei and propolis. | all medicines pose a potential health risk, be they eastern or western medicines. newly developed western drugs must undergo rigorous testing to ensure their efficacy and safety, while with eastern drugs, safety has generally been established because of their long histories of safe usage as traditional medicines. the regulation of western medicines is much stronger than that of eastern medicines, partly as pure chemicals are used and their effects and side effects are more likely to be acute. ea ... | 2011 | 21599627 |
| genome organization and transcription response to harvest of two metallothionein-like genes in agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies. | metallothioneins are a class of small cysteine-rich proteins that have been associated with increased tolerance to metal and oxidative stresses in animals, plants, and fungi. we investigated a metallothionein-like (mt-like) gene shown previously to be upregulated in fruiting bodies of the fungus agaricus bisporus in response to post-harvest storage. analysis of an a. bisporus genomic dna cosmid library identified two similar mt-like genes (met1 and met2) arranged as a bidirectional gene pair tra ... | 2011 | 21617341 |
| mushroom toxins and cancer (review). | significant advances have been made in recent years in cancer research concerning the chemistry and biological action of the various mushroom hydrazines and related chemicals as well as two mushrooms, agaricus bisporus and gyromitra esculenta. in addition, there is limited information involving the teratogenic effects of some of these mycotoxins. it is apparent that a series of these chemicals, as well as the feeding of two raw mushrooms, induce many cancers in experimental animals. even though ... | 1995 | 21556514 |
| carcinogenesis by the cultivated baked agaricus bisporus mushroom in mice. | the mushroom of commerce in the western hemisphere, agaricus bisporus, was administered orally to swiss mice that were 6 weeks old at the start of the experiment the mushrooms were baked at 220-230 degrees c for 10 min. subsequently, the mushrooms were fed to the animals for 3 days and were followed by a semisynthetic diet for 4 days each week, for life. the treatment induced tumors in the forestomach, glandular stomach, duodenum, and ovaries in the following incidences: 20, 12, 14 and 12% in fe ... | 1997 | 21590169 |
| inhibitory effect of a glycoprotein isolated from golden oyster mushroom (pleurotus citrinopileatus) on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory reaction in raw 264.7 macrophage. | mushrooms have become an important source of natural antitumor, antiviral, anti-bacterial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatioy agents. golden oyster mushroom, pleurotus citrinopileatus, is a common mushroom in oriental countries for human consumption. the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory reaction and immunomodulatory of the bioactive non-lectin glycoprotein (pcp-3a) isolated from the fresh fruiting body of this mushroom. western blot analysis on lps-induced inos, cox-2, ... | 2011 | 21627087 |
| vitamin d and sterol composition of 10 types of mushrooms from retail suppliers in the united states. | vitamin d(2) (ergocalciferol) and sterols were analyzed in mushrooms sampled nationwide in the united states to update the usda nutrient database for standard reference. vitamin d(2) was assayed using hplc with [(3)h]-vitamin d(3) internal standard and sterols by gc-fid mass spectrometric (ms) confirmation. vitamin d(2) was low (0.1-0.3 ╬╝g/100 g) in agaricus bisporus (white button, crimini, portabella) and enoki, moderate in shiitake and oyster (0.4-0.7 ╬╝g/100 g), and high in morel, chanterell ... | 2011 | 21663327 |
| protease inhibitors clitocypin and macrocypin are differentially expressed within basidiomycete fruiting bodies. | clitocypin and macrocypin are cysteine protease inhibitors of the mycocypin family which is unique to basidiomycetes. we have established that clitocybe nebularis and macrolepiota procera each contain genes for both macrocypin and clitocypin. both are expressed in m. procera but only clitocypin in c. nebularis. further analysis of mycocypin expression at the mrna and protein levels in mature fruiting bodies of m. procera revealed that clitocypin is expressed evenly throughout the fruiting bod ... | 2011 | 21672601 |
| polysaccharides from agaricus bisporus and agaricus brasiliensis show similarities in their structures and their immunomodulatory effects on human monocytic thp-1 cells. | abstract: background: mushroom polysaccharides have traditionally been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of disorders like infectious illnesses, cancers and various autoimmune diseases. crude mushroom extracts have been tested without detailed chemical analyses of its polysaccharide content. for the present study we decided to chemically determine the carbohydrate composition of semi-purified extracts from 2 closely related and well known basidiomycete species, i.e. agaricus b ... | 2011 | 21787425 |
| a common mutation in the defensin defb126 causes impaired sperm function and subfertility. | a glycosylated polypeptide, ß-defensin 126 (defb126), derived from the epididymis and adsorbed onto the sperm surface, has been implicated in immunoprotection and efficient movement of sperm in mucosal fluids of the female reproductive tract. here, we report a sequence variant in defb126 that has a two-nucleotide deletion in the open reading frame, which generates an abnormal mrna. the allele frequency of this variant sequence was high in both a european (0.47) and a chinese (0.45) population co ... | 2011 | 21775668 |
| chemical characterization of the biomass of an edible medicinal mushroom, agaricus subrufescens , via solid-state (13)c nmr. | the biomass of 18 strains of agaricus subrufescens and of 13 strains of agaricus bisporus was chemically analyzed using solid-state (13)c nmr. the study focused on polysaccharides because they can play a major role as antitumor molecules. the study also examined whether biomass chemical properties varied between the vegetative mycelium and the fruiting bodies of a. subrufescens, and these data were compared with the mycelium of a. bisporus. qualitative differences between vegetative mycelia and ... | 2011 | 21770364 |
| sulfite determination by an inhibitor biosensor-based mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate. | abstract: the aim of the study presented here is to develop a biosensor based on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate for sensitive and economical determination of sulfite in foods. the working principle of the biosensor is based on an inhibition effect of sulfite on polyphenol oxidases in mushroom. mushroom tissue homogenate was immobilized by gelatin and glutaraldehyde on a clark-type oxygen electrode. some optimization studies related to the bioactive layer components and working co ... | 2011 | 21714707 |
| vitamin d mushrooms: comparison of the composition of button mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus ) treated postharvest with uvb light or sunlight. | this study compared the compositional changes in mushrooms exposed to sunlight with those occurring after commercial ultraviolet (uv) light processing. button mushrooms (75 kg) were processed in the presence or absence of uvb light; a third group was exposed to direct sunlight. mushroom composition was evaluated using chemical analyses. vitamin d concentrations were 5, 410, and 374 ++g/100 g (dw) in control, uvb, and sunlight groups, respectively. on a dry weight basis, no significant changes in ... | 2011 | 21736377 |
| control of mushroom sciarid fly lycoriella ingenua populations with insect growth regulators applied by soil drench. | mushroom sciarid fly lycoriella ingenua (dufour, 1839) comb. nov., is one of the most common fly pests affecting the cultivation of agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach in turkey. in this study, eight insect growth regulators (igrs)--diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, methoprene, novaluron, pyriproxyfen, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron-were tested for their potential to control l. ingenua populations in two successive growing periods. treatments were targeted at larvae as soil drenches; treatmen ... | 2011 | 21735902 |
| effect of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure on the activity and structure of mushroom (agaricus bisporus) polyphenoloxidase. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp, treatment pressure ≤700 mpa) is approved to be the most successful commercial nonthermal processing due to its minimal modifications in nutritional and sensory quality. however, for some pressure stable enzymes such as ppo, this unique technology can hardly inactivate them at treatment pressure below of 700 mpa. this study investigated the effects of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure (uhhp, treatment pressure >700 mpa) on the activity of agaricus bisporus mushroom po ... | 2011 | 22136649 |
| Study of enzymatic properties of phenol oxidase from nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum. | ABSTRACT: Azotobacter chroococcum is a widespread free-living soil bacterium within the genus of Azotobacter known for assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen and subsequent conversion into nitrogenous compounds, which henceforth enrich the nitrogen content of soils. A. chroococcum SBUG 1484, isolated from composted earth, exhibits phenol oxidase (PO) activity when growing under nitrogen-fixing conditions. In the present study we provide incipient analysis of the crude PO activity expressed by A. c ... | 2011 | 21906365 |
| Protective effects of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) against hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal women. | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes various hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Estrogen provides a protective effect on the development of NAFLD in women. Therefore, postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis is an early stage of fatty liver disease. Steatosis can develop to the aggressive stages (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis). Currently, ther ... | 2011 | 22046322 |
| development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. | with the aim of searching for an in situ method for monitoring phenol, agaricus bisporus tissue with tyrosine activity was used as a biocomponent and an oxygen electrode used as a transducer to develop a biosensor. the experimental methodology investigated the relation between dissolved oxygen and phenol concentration using a standard solution. biosensor calibration was evaluated by studying reaction time and tissue amount necessary to promote a reliable response and to minimize errors. the infl ... | 2011 | 21877529 |