| a genetic linkage map of the durum x triticum dicoccoides backcross population based on ssrs and aflp markers, and qtl analysis for milling traits. | durum wheat ( triticum turgidum l. var durum) is mainly produced and consumed in the mediterranean region; it is used to produce several specific end-products; such as local pasta, couscous and burghul. to study the genetics of grain-milling quality traits, chromosomal locations, and interaction with the environment, a genetic linkage map of durum was constructed and the quantitative trait loci qtls for the milling-related traits, test weight (tw) and thousand-kernel weight (tkw), were identifie ... | 2004 | 14676946 |
| domestication quantitative trait loci in triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of wheat. | wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides, is the progenitor of modern tetraploid and hexaploid cultivated wheats. our objective was to map domestication-related quantitative trait loci (qtl) in t. dicoccoides. the studied traits include brittle rachis, heading date, plant height, grain size, yield, and yield components. our mapping population was derived from a cross between t. dicoccoides and triticum durum. approximately 70 domestication qtl effects were detected, nonrandomly distributed among a ... | 2003 | 12604784 |
| molecular genetic maps in wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides: genome-wide coverage, massive negative interference, and putative quasi-linkage. | the main objectives of the study reported here were to construct a molecular map of wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides, to characterize the marker-related anatomy of the genome, and to evaluate segregation and recombination patterns upon crossing t. dicoccoides with its domesticated descendant triticum durum (cultivar langdon). the total map length exceeded 3000 cm and possibly covered the entire tetraploid genome (aabb). clusters of molecular markers were observed on most of the 14 chromoso ... | 2000 | 11042150 |
| storage-protein variation in wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides) from jordan and turkey. i. electrophoretic characterization of genotypes. | seed storage-protein variation at theglu-a1,glu-b1 andgli-b1/glu-b3 loci in the tetraploid wild progenitor of wheat,t. dicoccoides, was studied electrophoretically in 315 individuals representing nine populations from jordan and three from turkey. a total of 44 different hmw-glutenin patterns were identified, resulting from the combination of 15 alleles in the a genome and 19 in the b genome. twenty-seven new allelic variants, 12 at theglu-a1 locus and 15 at theglu-b1 locus, were identified by c ... | 1993 | 24193595 |
| the betaine profile of cereal flours unveils new and uncommon betaines. | we report the lc-esi-ms/ms determination of betaines in commercial flours of cereals and pseudocereals most utilized in human nutrition. results showed that glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine, nε-trimethyllysine were metabolites common to all examined flours, whereas an uncommon betaine, valine betaine, and glutamine betaine were present only in flours of barley, rye, oat, durum wheat, winter wheat, triticum dicoccum and triticum monococcum. valine betaine and glutamine betaine, the ... | 2018 | 28873565 |
| analysis of agronomic and domestication traits in a durum × cultivated emmer wheat population using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism-based linkage map. | development of a high-density snp map and evaluation of qtl shed light on domestication events in tetraploid wheat and the potential utility of cultivated emmer wheat for durum wheat improvement. cultivated emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) is tetraploid and considered as one of the eight founder crops that spawned the agricultural revolution about 10,000 years ago. cultivated emmer has non-free-threshing seed and a somewhat fragile rachis, but mutations in genes governing these and ... | 2014 | 25186168 |
| a heterotetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitor from emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) seeds. | plants have developed a constitutive defense system against pest attacks, which involves the expression of a set of inhibitors acting on heterologous amylases of different origins. investigating the soluble protein complement of the hulled wheat emmer we have isolated and characterized a heterotetrameric α-amylase inhibitor (eti). based on mass spectrometry data, it is an assembly of proteins highly similar to the cm2/cm3/cm16 found in durum wheat. our data indicate that these proteins can also ... | 2013 | 23320956 |
| mapping of qtl for fusarium head blight resistance and morphological and developmental traits in three backcross populations derived from triticum dicoccum × triticum durum. | breeding for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in durum wheat continues to be hindered by the lack of effective resistance sources. only limited information is available on resistance qtl for fhb in tetraploid wheat. in this study, resistance to fhb of a triticum dicoccum line in the background of three austrian t. durum cultivars was genetically characterized. three populations of bc(1)f(4)-derived rils were developed from crosses between the resistant donor line t. dicoccum-161 and the ... | 2012 | 22926291 |
| [inheritance of awn absence in tetraploid wheat species]. | awn absence was shown to be inherited as a dominant character in the tetraploid wheat species triticum dicoccum (schrank) schuebl. and t. durum desf. but as a recessive one in t. aethiopicum jakubz. the monogenic control of the character was demonstrated for all studied species. in accessions of emmer and durum wheat, the character is controlled by the dominant gene b1, located on chromosome 5a, and in ethiopian wheat, by a recessive gene, which we designated as awn. the recessive awn gene was l ... | 2003 | 12760259 |
| genetic and physical mapping of the earliness per se locus eps-a (m) 1 in triticum monococcum identifies early flowering 3 (elf3) as a candidate gene. | wheat cultivars exposed to optimal photoperiod and vernalization treatments still exhibit differences in flowering time, referred to as earliness per se (eps). we previously identified the eps-a (m) 1 locus from triticum monococcum and showed that the allele from cultivated accession dv92 significantly delays heading time and increases the number of spikelets per spike relative to the allele from wild accession g3116. here, we expanded a high-density genetic and physical map of the eps-a (m) 1 r ... | 2016 | 27085709 |
| effect of different production techniques on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) and durum (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) bulgur. | the influence of cooking (traditional, microwave, autoclave) and drying techniques (microwave and hot air) on bioactive compounds in the production of einkorn and durum bulgur were investigated. total phenolic content (tpc), total yellow pigment (typ), total antioxidant capacity (dpph• , abts•+ , frap), soluble free (sf), soluble conjugated (sc) and insoluble bound (ib) phenolic acid contents of the samples were determined. | 2017 | 26997414 |
| structural and nutritional properties of pasta from triticum monococcum and triticum durum species. a combined ¹h nmr, mri, and digestibility study. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of two different types of pasta, namely triticum turgidum ssp. durum (cv. saragolla) and triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum (cv. monlis), under different processing conditions. mri analysis and nmr spectroscopy (i.e., t1 and t2 nmr relaxation times and diffusion parameters) were conducted on pasta, and (1)h nmr spectroscopic analysis of the chemical compounds released by pasta samples during the cooking process was performed. in add ... | 2015 | 25940450 |
| phytosterols in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen. | the phytosterol contents of 130 winter wheat, 20 spring wheat, 10 durum wheat, 5 spelt, 5 einkorn, and 5 emmer wheat genotypes, grown at the same location in the same year, were analyzed with gas chromatography. considerable variation was observed in total phytosterol contents in all wheat types. the total sterol contents ranged from 670 to 959 microg/g of dm in winter wheat and from 797 to 949 microg/g of dm in spring wheat. the highest sterol contents were found in spelt, durum wheat, and eink ... | 2008 | 18921973 |
| polyphenol oxidase (ppo) in wheat and wild relatives: molecular evidence for a multigene family. | wheat polyphenol oxidase (ppo) is the major cause of browning reactions that discolor asian noodles and other wheat products. it has been hypothesized that genes encoding wheat ppos may have evolved by gene duplication into a multigene family. here we characterized ppo genomic sequences from diploid (triticum monococcum, t. urartu, aegilops tauschii, and ae. speltoides), tetraploid (t. turgidum, subspecies dicoccoides and durum) and hexaploid (t. aestivum cultivars klasic and id377s) wheat speci ... | 2007 | 17468807 |
| rapid genome divergence at orthologous low molecular weight glutenin loci of the a and am genomes of wheat. | to study genome evolution in wheat, we have sequenced and compared two large physical contigs of 285 and 142 kb covering orthologous low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin loci on chromosome 1as of a diploid wheat species (triticum monococcum subsp monococcum) and a tetraploid wheat species (triticum turgidum subsp durum). sequence conservation between the two species was restricted to small regions containing the orthologous lmw glutenin genes, whereas >90% of the compared sequences were not conse ... | 2003 | 12724543 |
| molecular characterization of a new waxy allele with partial expression in spelt wheat. | starch composition which is dependent on the waxy protein, the enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis in the grain, is an important aspect of the wheat quality. in this report, we describe the characterization of a novel wx-a1 allele (wx-a1g formerly known as -wx-a1a) in spanish spelt wheat lines which is responsible for a remarkable decline in the concentration of wx-a1 protein found in the endosperm. comparison of the dna sequences in the wx-a1a and wx-a1g alleles showed the presence of a 16 ... | 2012 | 22203323 |
| alkylresorcinols in wheat varieties in the healthgrain diversity screen. | the contents of alkylresorcinols (ar) were analyzed in 131 winter wheats, 20 spring wheats, 10 durum wheats, 5 spelt wheats, and 10 early cultivated forms of wheat (5 diploid einkorn and 5 tetraploid emmer), which are part of the healthgrain diversity screen. ar were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc), which provides both total contents and relative homologue compositions, as well as with a fast blue colorimetric method that provides only total contents but which is fast and easily screens a la ... | 2008 | 18921971 |
| detailed mapping of the species cytoplasm-specific (scs) gene in durum wheat. | the compatibility-inducing action of the scs(ti) (species cytoplasm-specific gene derived from triticum timopheevii) and vi (vitality) genes can be observed when a durum (t. turgidum) nucleus is placed in t. longissimum cytoplasm. these two genes restore compatibility between an otherwise incompatible nucleus and cytoplasm. the objective of this study was to localize the scs(ti) gene on a linkage map of chromosome 1a, which could eventually be used to clone the gene. the mapping population consi ... | 2003 | 14704192 |
| rapd markers linked to the nuclear gene from triticum timopheevii that confers compatibility with aegilops squarrosa cytoplasm on alloplasmic durum wheat. | alien cytoplasms cause a wide range of phenotypic alterations in the nucleus-cytoplasm (nc) hybrids in the triticeae. nuclear genomes of timopheevii wheat (triticum timopheevii and triticum araraticum) are fully compatible with the cytoplasm of aegilops squarrosa, while those of a majority of emmer or durum wheat cultivars and more than half the wild emmer wheats are incompatible, and a maternal 1d chromosome is required to restore seed viability and male fertility in the nc hybrids. a euploid n ... | 1997 | 18464820 |
| data set of enzyme fingerprinting of dietary fibre components (arabinoxylan and β-glucan) in old and modern italian durum wheat genotypes. | the data presented are related to the research article entitled "comparison of the dietary fibre composition of old and modern durum wheat (triticum turgidum spp. durum) genotypes" (de santis et al., 2018) [1]. this article provides details of the structures of the major dietary fibre components, arabinoxylan and β-glucan, in semolina and wholemeal flour of old and modern italian durum wheat genotypes grown in two seasons, determined by enzyme digestion followed by high-performance anion-exchang ... | 2018 | 29326969 |
| evolution of the crop rhizosphere: impact of domestication on root exudates in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l.). | domestication has induced major genetic changes in crop plants to satisfy human needs and as a consequence of adaptation to agroecosystems. this adaptation might have affected root exudate composition, which can influence the interactions in the rhizosphere. here, using two different soil types (sand, soil), we provide an original example of the impact of domestication and crop evolution on root exudate composition through metabolite profiling of root exudates for a panel of 10 wheat genotypes t ... | 2017 | 29326736 |
| participation of green organs to grain filling in triticum turgidum var durum grown under mediterranean conditions. | in wheat, flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns contribute to grain filling through photosynthesis and/or re-mobilization. environmental and genetic effects on the relative contribution of each organ were examined by analyzing the consequences of sink-source manipulations (shading and excision) and by comparing carbon isotope discrimination (δ) values in dry matter (at maturity) and sap (two weeks after anthesis) in six durum wheat genotypes grown in two contrasting seasons. the contribution of flag l ... | 2017 | 29295600 |
| lutein esterification in wheat flour increases the carotenoid retention and is induced by storage temperatures. | the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term storage on the carotenoid pigments present in whole-grain flours prepared from durum wheat and tritordeum. as expected, higher storage temperatures showed a catabolic effect, which was very marked for free carotenoid pigments. surprisingly, for both cereal genotypes, the thermal conditions favoured the synthesis of lutein esters, leading to an enhanced stability, slower degradation, and, subsequently, a greater carotenoid retention. th ... | 2017 | 29232927 |
| fusarium head blight incidence and mycotoxin accumulation in three durum wheat cultivars in relation to sowing date and density. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum) is an important crop in europe, particularly in the mediterranean countries. fusarium head blight (fhb) is considered as one of the most damaging diseases, resulting in yield and quality reduction as well as contamination of grain with mycotoxins. three winter durum wheat cultivars originating from austria, slovakia, and poland were analyzed during 2012-2014 seasons for fhb incidence and fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in harvested grain. moreover, the ... | 2017 | 29209889 |
| comparison of the dietary fibre composition of old and modern durum wheat (triticum turgidum spp. durum) genotypes. | it has been suggested that intensive breeding has led to decreased contents of health-promoting components in modern wheats. we therefore compared the contents and compositions of the major dietary fibre components, arabinoxylan and β-glucan, in semolina and wholemeal flour of old and modern italian durum wheats. no differences in total arabinoxylan content were observed but the modern varieties had higher proportions of soluble arabinoxylan in wholemeals and of β-glucan in semolina. the study t ... | 2018 | 29120786 |
| traits explaining durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. spp. durum) yield in dry chilean mediterranean environments. | yield under water stress (ys) is used as the main criterion in the selection of wheat varieties for dry mediterranean environments. it has been proposed that selection of genotypes using ys assisted by morphological and physiological traits associated with ys is more efficient in selecting high yielding genotypes for dry environments. a study was carried out at the antumapu experiment station of the university of chile, located in santiago, chile (33° 40's and 70° 38' w). the objective was to ev ... | 2017 | 29104578 |
| on the interactions among zinc availability and responses to ozone stress in durum wheat seedlings. | seedlings of durum wheat [triticum turgidum subsp. durum (desf.) husn] were exposed to zinc nutrition and to ozone (o3) in a factorial combination: adequate (+zn treatment) or no zn (-zn) in the nutrient solution, followed by exposure to either ozone-free air (filtered air, fa) or to 150 nl l-1 ozone (o3) for 4 h. although omitting zn from the nutrient solution failed to impose a genuine zn deficiency, -zn*fa durum wheat seedlings showed a typical deficiency behaviour, i.e. zn mobilisation from ... | 2017 | 28994034 |
| effect of long-term storage on the free and esterified carotenoids in durum wheat (triticum turgidum conv. durum) and tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebner) grains. | the effect of long-term storage on the carotenoid composition in durum wheat and tritordeum grains was studied. total carotenoid (mainly lutein) content decreased according to a temperature dependent first-order degradative kinetic model. the carotenoid retention was similar in both genotypes at the lower temperatures (71-73% at -32°c, 70% at 6°c and 55-56% at 20°c), whereas at the higher temperatures the pigment retention was higher in tritordeum (42% at 37°c; 10% at 50°c) than durum wheat (23% ... | 2017 | 28847425 |
| cadmium concentration in grains of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). | heavy metal excess in soil represents a critical problem for crop productivity. among these pollutants, cadmium (cd) is one of the most dangerous in terms of food-chain contamination. two durum wheat near-isogenic lines (nils) and 12 commercial varieties (cultivars arcangelo, aureo, aziziah, cappelli, cirillo, creso, iride, maestrale, parsifal, russello, strongfield, and svevo) of durum wheat were exposed to a nontoxic level of cd to evaluate its concentration in grains, roots, and shoots, as we ... | 2017 | 28686843 |
| snp-based association analysis for seedling traits in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. durum (desf.)). | in the present study, 150 accessions of worldwide originated durum wheat germplasm (triticum turgidum spp. durum) were observed for major seedling traits and their growth. the accessions were evaluated for major seedling traits under controlled conditions of hydroponics at the 13th, 20th, 27th and 34th day-after germination. biomass traits were measured at the 34th day-after germination. correlation analysis was conducted among the seedling traits and three field traits at maturity, plant height ... | 2017 | 28588384 |
| identification of early represented gluten proteins during durum wheat grain development. | the time course of biosynthesis and accumulation of storage proteins in developing grains of durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn.) pasta-quality reference cv. svevo was investigated at the protein level for the first time. seeds were harvested at key kernel developmental stages, namely, 3 (seed increase 3-fold in size), 5 (kernel development, water-ripe stage), 11 (kernel development, water-ripe stage), 16 (kernel full development, water-ripe stage), 21 (milk-ripe stage), and ... | 2017 | 28347138 |
| identification and characterization of durum wheat micrornas in leaf and root tissues. | micrornas are a class of post-transcriptional regulators of plant developmental and physiological processes and responses to environmental stresses. here, we present the study regarding the annotation and characterization of mir genes conducted in durum wheat. we characterized the mirnaome of leaf and root tissues at tillering stage under two environmental conditions: irrigated with 100% (control) and 55% of evapotranspiration (early water stress). in total, 90 micrornas were identified, of whic ... | 2017 | 28321518 |
| comparative analysis of wrky genes potentially involved in salt stress responses in triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum. | wrky transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and responses to biotic stresses. although they have been found to play roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses, these roles still need to be explored, especially those pertaining to crops. durum wheat is the second most widely produced cereal in the world. complex, large and unsequenced genomes, in addition to a lack of genomic resources, hinder the molecular characterization of tolera ... | 2016 | 28197152 |
| identification and expression analysis of the nac transcription factor family in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum). | the nac (nam, ataf and cuc) proteins belong to one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (tf) families and play important roles in plant development processes, response to biotic and abiotic cues and hormone signaling. our analysis led to the identification of 168 nac genes in durum wheat, including nine putative membrane-bound tfs and 48 homeologous genes pairs. phylogenetic analyses of ttnacs along with their arabidopsis, grape, barley and rice counterparts divided these proteins ... | 2017 | 28064119 |
| mapping qtls for fusarium head blight resistance in an interspecific wheat population. | fusarium head blight (scab) is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of wheat, causing grain yield and quality losses and production of harmful mycotoxins. development of resistant varieties is hampered by lack of effective resistance sources in the tetraploid wheat primary gene pool. here we dissected the genetic basis of resistance in a new durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) recombinant inbred lines (rils) population obtained by crossing an hexaploid resistant line and a dur ... | 2016 | 27746787 |
| generation of marker- and/or backbone-free transgenic wheat plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to animals and vertical transfer of herbicide resistance genes to the weedy relatives are perceived as major biosafety concerns in genetically modified (gm) crops. in this study, five novel vectors which used gusa and bar as a reporter gene and a selection marker gene, respectively, were constructed based on the pclean dual binary vector system. among these vectors, 1g7b and 5g7b carried two t-dnas located on two respective plasmids with 5g7b po ... | 2016 | 27708648 |
| the mirnaome of durum wheat: isolation and characterisation of conserved and novel micrornas and their target genes. | the allotetraploid durum wheat [triticum turgidum subsp. durum (desf.) husn.] is a highly economically important species especially in the mediterranean basin. however, its genomics, transcriptomics and in particular micrornaome are still largely unknown. | 2016 | 27448633 |
| evolutionary metabolomics reveals domestication-associated changes in tetraploid wheat kernels. | domestication and breeding have influenced the genetic structure of plant populations due to selection for adaptation from natural habitats to agro-ecosystems. here, we investigate the effects of selection on the contents of 51 primary kernel metabolites and their relationships in three triticum turgidum l. subspecies (i.e., wild emmer, emmer, durum wheat) that represent the major steps of tetraploid wheat domestication. we present a methodological pipeline to identify the signature of selection ... | 2016 | 27189559 |
| structural variation and content of arabinoxylans in endosperm and bran of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.). | arabinoxylans are one group of dietary fiber components in cereal grains, and specific health benefits have been linked with their molecular fine structures and hence with physicochemical properties such as solubility in aqueous media. to characterize the fiber quality for functional foods, starchy endosperm and bran fractions from 11 durum wheat lines were analyzed for total and water-soluble arabinoxylans, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, and bound ferulic acid. the arabinoxylan contents ranged from 11 to ... | 2016 | 27018210 |
| interactive effect of water and nitrogen regimes on plant growth, root traits and water status of old and modern durum wheat genotypes. | the selection of the ideal root drought adaptive traits should take into account the production and maintenance of root tissues alongside the capacity to capture soil resources. ten old and modern spanish durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) genotypes were grown in lysimeters under two contrasting water and nitrogen regimes to study the effect of such growth conditions on: (1) the aerial biomass, (2) the growth and structure of the roots and (3) the relationships of the root structure wi ... | 2016 | 26992389 |
| dhplc technology for high-throughput detection of mutations in a durum wheat tilling population. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) is a cereal crop widely grown in the mediterranean regions; the amber grain is mainly used for the production of pasta, couscous and typical breads. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection technologies and high-throughput mutation induction represent a new challenge in wheat breeding to identify allelic variation in large populations. the tilling strategy makes use of traditional chemical mutagenesis followed by screening for single base mismatches to id ... | 2016 | 26884094 |
| high-density molecular characterization and association mapping in ethiopian durum wheat landraces reveals high diversity and potential for wheat breeding. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is a key crop worldwide, and yet, its improvement and adaptation to emerging environmental threats is made difficult by the limited amount of allelic variation included in its elite pool. new allelic diversity may provide novel loci to international crop breeding through quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping in unexplored material. here, we report the extensive molecular and phenotypic characterization of hundreds of ethiopian durum wheat landraces an ... | 2016 | 26853077 |
| reduced light and moderate water deficiency sustain nitrogen assimilation and sucrose degradation at low temperature in durum wheat. | the rate of carbon and nitrogen assimilation is highly sensitive to stress factors, such as low temperature and drought. little is known about the role of light in the simultaneous effect of cold and drought. the present study thus focused on the combined effect of mild water deficiency and different light intensities during the early cold hardening in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum l.) cultivars with different levels of cold sensitivity. the results showed that reduced illumination d ... | 2016 | 26788956 |
| effects of heat stress on metabolite accumulation and composition, and nutritional properties of durum wheat grain. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum (l.) subsp. turgidum (l.) convar. durum (desf.)) is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. the aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °c) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "primadur", an e ... | 2015 | 26703576 |
| genome-wide identification of micrornas in leaves and the developing head of four durum genotypes during water deficit stress. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that play critical roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses. the mirna transcriptome (mirnaome) under water deficit stress has been investigated in many plant species, but is poorly characterised in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum). water stress during early reproductive stages can result in significant yield loss in durum wheat and this study describes genotypic differences in the mirnaome between water deficit tolerant an ... | 2015 | 26562166 |
| silicon alleviates cd stress of wheat seedlings (triticum turgidum l. cv. claudio) grown in hydroponics. | we investigated the potential role of silicon in improving tolerance and decreasing cadmium (cd) toxicity in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. durum) either through a reduced cd uptake or exclusion/sequestration in non-metabolic tissues. for this, plants were grown in hydroponic conditions for 10 days either in presence or absence of 1 mm si and for 11 additional days in various cd concentrations (0, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 μm). after harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters as well as ele ... | 2016 | 26370813 |
| tderf1, an ethylene response factor associated with dehydration responses in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). | water deficit and increasing salinization reduce productivity of wheat, the leading crop for human diet. while the complete genome sequence of this crop has not been deciphered, a bac library screening allowed the isolation of tderf1, the first ethylene response factor gene from durum wheat. this gene is putatively involved in mediating salt stress tolerance and its characterization provides clues toward understanding the mechanisms underlying the adaptation/tolerance of durum wheat to suboptima ... | 2015 | 26338450 |
| carotenoid evolution during short-storage period of durum wheat (triticum turgidum conv. durum) and tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebner) whole-grain flours. | this study investigates the effect of storage temperature on carotenoid composition in durum wheat and tritordeum whole-grain flours. for both cereal genotypes, total carotenoid content significantly decreased during storage, following a temperature dependent first-order kinetic model. individual and total carotenoid content decay were similar for durum wheat, with a maximum at 50 °c at the end of the storage period (94%). in contrast, the evolution of lutein ester fractions in tritordeum showed ... | 2016 | 26304402 |
| root precursors of micrornas in wild emmer and modern wheats show major differences in response to drought stress. | micrornas, small regulatory molecules with significant impacts on the transcriptional network of all living organisms, have been the focus of several studies conducted mostly on modern wheat cultivars. in this study, we investigated mirna repertoires of modern durum wheat and its wild relatives, with differing degrees of drought tolerance, to identify mirna candidates and their targets involved in drought stress response. root transcriptomes of triticum turgidum ssp. durum variety kızıltan and t ... | 2015 | 26174050 |
| differential expression of durum wheat gluten proteome under water stress during grain filling. | environmental stress during grain filling may affect wheat protein composition, thus influencing its final quality. a proteomic approach was used to evaluate changes in storage protein composition under water stress of two italian durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cultivars, ciccio and svevo. the high-molecular-weight glutenin region increased progressively in both cultivars and under two water regimens. the l48-35 region, corresponding to low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin subunits, i ... | 2015 | 26138860 |
| a multiparental cross population for mapping qtl for agronomic traits in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum). | multiparental cross designs for mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) provide an efficient alternative to biparental populations because of their broader genetic basis and potentially higher mapping resolution. we describe the development and deployment of a recombinant inbred line (ril) population in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) obtained by crossing four elite cultivars. a linkage map spanning 2664 cm and including 7594 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) was produced by genoty ... | 2016 | 26132599 |
| association of agronomic traits with snp markers in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. durum (desf.)). | association mapping is a powerful approach to detect associations between traits of interest and genetic markers based on linkage disequilibrium (ld) in molecular plant breeding. in this study, 150 accessions of worldwide originated durum wheat germplasm (triticum turgidum spp. durum) were genotyped using 1,366 snp markers. the extent of ld on each chromosome was evaluated. association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) markers with ten agronomic traits measured in four consecutive years w ... | 2015 | 26110423 |
| gene expression and physiological responses to salinity and water stress of contrasting durum wheat genotypes. | elucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. this study related the expression of key target genes with the physiological performance of durum wheat under different combinations of salinity and irrigation. the candidate genes assayed included two encoding for the dreb (dehydration responsive element binding) transcription factors tadreb1a and tadreb2b, another two for the cytosolic ... | 2016 | 25869057 |
| effect of silicon on wheat seedlings (triticum turgidum l.) grown in hydroponics and exposed to 0 to 30 µm cu. | aqueous si limits cu uptake by a si-accumulating plant via physicochemical mechanisms occurring at the root level. sufficient si supply may alleviate cu toxicity in cu-contaminated soils. little information is available on the role of silicon (si) in copper (cu) tolerance while cu toxicity is widespread in crops grown on cu-contaminated soils. a hydroponic study was set up to investigate the influence of si on cu tolerance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) grown in 0, 0.7, 7.0 and 30 µm cu w ... | 2015 | 25515193 |
| association mapping for root architectural traits in durum wheat seedlings as related to agronomic performance. | association mapping provides useful insights on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits across a large number of unrelated genotypes, which in turn allows an informed choice of the lines to be crossed for a more accurate characterization of major qtls in a biparental genetic background. in this study, seedlings of 183 durum wheat elite accessions were evaluated in order to identify qtls for root system architecture (rsa). the qtls identified were compared with qtls detected for grain yie ... | 2014 | 25506257 |
| carbon and nitrogen allocation and partitioning in traditional and modern wheat genotypes under pre-industrial and future co₂ conditions. | the results of a simultaneous (13)c and (15)n labelling experiment with two different durum wheat cultivars, blanqueta (a traditional wheat) and sula (modern), are presented. plants were grown from the seedling stage in three fully controllable plant growth chambers for one growing season and at three different co₂ levels (i.e. 260, 400 and 700 ppm). short-term isotopic labelling (ca. 3 days) was performed at the anthesis stage using (13)co₂ supplied with the chamber air and (15)nh₄₋(15)no₃ appl ... | 2015 | 25353972 |
| allelic variants in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) dreb genes conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses. | to identify potential and useful markers able to discriminate promising lines of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) tolerant to salt and drought stresses, nucleotide sequences of dehydration-responsive-element binding factor (dreb) genes were used to design primers probed with high resolution melting technology for the identification of allelic variants. dreb1, dreb2, dreb3, dreb4 and dreb5 conserved regions corresponding to erebp/ap2 domain and containing the conserved core sequence ( ... | 2015 | 25332074 |
| functional, histological and biomechanical characterization of wheat water-mutant leaves. | a wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) mutant, generated with sodium azide from wild-type (wt) cv. 'trinakria', differs in its water affinity of dry leaves, and was designated as a water-mutant. compared with the wt, water-mutant leaves have lower rates of water uptake, while stomatal and cuticular transpiration do not differ. the nuclear magnetic resonance proton signals used for image reconstruction of leaf cross sections showed differences between these genotypes for the t1 proton spin-dens ... | 2015 | 25212239 |
| registration of durum wheat germplasm lines with combined mutations in sbeiia and sbeiib genes conferring increased amylose and resistant starch. | durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn.], used in pasta, couscous, and flatbread production, is an important source of starch food products worldwide. the amylose portion of the starch forms resistant starch complexes that resist digestion and contribute to dietary fiber. increasing the amount of amylose and resistant starch in wheat by mutating the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes has potential to provide human health benefits. ethyl methane sulfonate mutations in t ... | 2014 | 27110322 |
| linkage disequilibrium and genome-wide association mapping in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l.). | association mapping is a powerful tool for the identification of quantitative trait loci through the exploitation of the differential decay of linkage disequilibrium (ld) between marker loci and genes of interest in natural and domesticated populations. using a sample of 230 tetraploid wheat lines (triticum turgidum ssp), which included naked and hulled accessions, we analysed the pattern of ld considering 26 simple sequence repeats and 970 mostly mapped diversity array technology loci. in addit ... | 2014 | 24759998 |
| potential of start codon targeted (scot) markers for dna fingerprinting of newly synthesized tritordeums and their respective parents. | hexaploid tritordeum (h(ch)h(ch)aabb; 2n = 42) results from the cross between hordeum chilense (h(ch)h(ch); 2n = 14) and cultivated durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum (aabb; 2n = 28). morphologically, tritordeum resembles the wheat parent, showing promise for agriculture and wheat breeding. start codon targeted (scot) polymorphism is a recently developed technique that generates gene-targeted markers. thus, we considered it interesting to evaluate its potential for the dna fingerprinting ... | 2014 | 24733248 |
| map-based analysis of the tenacious glume gene tg-b1 of wild emmer and its role in wheat domestication. | the domestication of wheat was instrumental in spawning the civilization of humankind, and it occurred through genetic mutations that gave rise to types with non-fragile rachises, soft glumes, and free-threshing seed. wild emmer (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the tetraploid ab-genome progenitor of domesticated wheat has genes that confer tenacious glumes (tg) that underwent genetic mutations to give rise to free-threshing wheat. here, we evaluated disomic substitution lines involving chro ... | 2014 | 24657062 |
| improving yield and quality traits of durum wheat by introgressing chromosome segments from hexaploid wheat. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum; 2n = 4x = 28; genome aabb) has long been an important food resource for human diets. the projected increase of the world's population to 9.1 billion by 2050 has highlighted the importance and urgency for improving the yield and quality performance of durum wheat. a backcrossed population, which was derived from the durum wheat variety 'bellaroi' (recurrent parent) and the hexaploid genotype 'cscr6' (donor parent), was used to investigate the feasibility of i ... | 2013 | 24338405 |
| functional characterization in xenopus oocytes of na+ transport systems from durum wheat reveals diversity among two hkt1;4 transporters. | plant tolerance to salinity constraint involves complex and integrated functions including control of na(+) uptake, translocation, and compartmentalization. several members of the high-affinity k(+) transporter (hkt) family, which comprises plasma-membrane transporters permeable to k(+) and na(+) or to na(+) only, have been shown to play major roles in plant na(+) and k(+) homeostasis. among them, hkt1;4 has been identified as corresponding to a quantitative trait locus (qtl) of salt tolerance i ... | 2014 | 24192995 |
| identification and quantification of soluble free, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound phenolic acids in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) and derived products by rp-hplc on a semimicro separation scale. | a straightforward semimicro separation scale rp-hplc method was developed for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids (pas) occurring as soluble free, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound compounds, which were independently extracted from wholemeal of durum wheat and from its derived products coarse bran, semolina, and dried pasta. a narrow bore column and a semimicro photodiode array detector (pda) cell, in conjunction with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with ... | 2013 | 24175612 |
| quantifying relationships between rooting traits and water uptake under drought in mediterranean barley and durum wheat. | in mediterranean regions drought is the major factor limiting spring barley and durum wheat grain yields. this study aimed to compare spring barley and durum wheat root and shoot responses to drought and quantify relationships between root traits and water uptake under terminal drought. one spring barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. rum) and two durum wheat mediterranean cultivars (triticum turgidum l. var durum cvs hourani and karim) were examined in soil-column experiments under well watered and dr ... | 2014 | 24112696 |
| cadmium uptake and partitioning in durum wheat during grain filling. | concentrations of cadmium (cd) in the grain of many durum wheats (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) grown in north american prairie soils often exceed international trade standards. genotypic differences in root-to-shoot translocation of cd are a major determinant of intraspecific variation in the accumulation of cd in grain. we tested the extent to which changes in whole-plant cd accumulation and the distribution of cd between tissues influences cd accumulation in grain by measuring cd accumulati ... | 2013 | 23856013 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of tetraploid wheats (triticum turgidum l.) estimated by ssr, dart and pedigree data. | levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of a collection of 230 accessions of seven tetraploid triticum turgidum l. subspecies were investigated using six morphological, nine seed storage protein loci, 26 ssrs and 970 dart markers. the genetic diversity of the morphological traits and seed storage proteins was always lower in the durum wheat compared to the wild and domesticated emmer. using bayesian clustering (k = 2), both of the sets of molecular markers distinguished the ... | 2013 | 23826256 |
| development of a new wheat microarray from a durum wheat totipotent cdna library used for a powdery mildew resistance study. | totipotent cdna libraries representative of all the potentially expressed sequences in a genome would be of great benefit to gene expression studies. here, we report on an innovative method for creating such a library for durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) and its application for gene discovery. the use of suitable quantities of 5-azacytidine during the germination phase induced the demethylation of total dna, and the resulting seedlings potentially express all of the genes present in ... | 2013 | 23515937 |
| proteome changes in wild and modern wheat leaves upon drought stress by two-dimensional electrophoresis and nanolc-esi-ms/ms. | to elucidate differentially expressed proteins and to further understand post-translational modifications of transcripts, full leaf proteome profiles of two wild emmer (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides tr39477 and ttd22) and one modern durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. kızıltan) genotypes were compared upon 9-day drought stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nano-scale liquid chromatographic electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry methods. the three genotype ... | 2013 | 23443681 |
| synthesis and characterization of advanced durum wheat hybrids and addition lines with thinopyrum chromosomes. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l., 2n = 4x = 28; aabb genomes) is a natural hybrid-an allotetraploid between 2 wild species, triticum urartu tumanian (aa genome) and aegilops speltoides tausch (bb genome). even at the allotetraploid level, durum wheat can tolerate chromosomal imbalance, for example, addition of alien chromosome 1e of diploid wheatgrass, lophopyrum elongatum. therefore, one way to broaden its genetic base is to add a desirable chromosome(s) from diploid wild relatives. we attempt ... | 2013 | 23396879 |
| coexpression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1ax1 and puroindoline improves dough mixing properties in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum). | wheat end-use quality mainly derives from two interrelated characteristics: the compositions of gluten proteins and grain hardness. the composition of gluten proteins determines dough rheological properties and thus confers the unique viscoelastic property on dough. one group of gluten proteins, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), plays an important role in dough functional properties. on the other hand, grain hardness, which influences the milling process of flour, is controlled b ... | 2012 | 23185532 |
| introgression and characterization of a goatgrass gene for a high level of resistance to ug99 stem rust in tetraploid wheat. | the transfer of alien genes to crop plants using chromosome engineering has been attempted infrequently in tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). here, we report a highly efficient approach for the transfer of two genes conferring resistance to stem rust race pgt-ttksk (ug99) from goatgrass (aegilops speltoides) to tetraploid wheat. the durum line das15, carrying the stem rust resistance gene sr47 derived from ae. speltoides, was crossed, and backcrossed, to durum 5d(5b) ane ... | 2012 | 22690376 |
| novel durum wheat genes up-regulated in response to a combination of heat and drought stress. | we report the effect of heat, drought and combined stress on the expression of a group of genes that are up-regulated under these conditions in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) plants. modulation of gene expression was studied by cdna-aflp performed on rnas extracted from flag leaves. by this approach, we identified several novel durum wheat genes whose expression is modulated under different stress conditions. we focused on a group of hitherto undescribed up-regulated genes in durum ... | 2012 | 22609457 |
| nitrogen and phosphorus economy of a legume tree-cereal intercropping system under controlled conditions. | considerable amounts of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) fertilizers have been mis-used in agroecosystems, with profound alteration to the biogeochemical cycles of these two major nutrients. to reduce excess fertilizer use, plant-mediated nutrient supply through n(2)-fixation, transfer of fixed n and mobilization of soil p may be important processes for the nutrient economy of low-input tree-based intercropping systems. in this study, we quantified plant performance, p acquisition and belowground ... | 2012 | 22446108 |
| identification of snp mutations in dreb1, hkt1, and wrky1 genes involved in drought and salt stress tolerance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum). | tolerance mechanisms to salinity and drought stress are quite complex. plants have developed a complex and elaborate signaling network that ensures their adaptation to this stress. for example, salinity tolerance is thought to be due to three main factors: na(+) exclusion, tolerance to na(+) in the tissues and osmotic tolerance. recently, many transcription factors for tolerance to salt and drought stresses have been identified. in this study, multialignments of conserved domains in dreb1, wrky1 ... | 2012 | 22433076 |
| mixed model association mapping for fusarium head blight resistance in tunisian-derived durum wheat populations. | sources of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat are mostly restricted to chinese hexaploid genotypes. the effort to incorporate the resistance from hexaploid wheat or wild relatives to cultivated durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) have not been successful in providing resistance to the level of the donor parents. in this study, we used 171 bc(1)f(6) and 169 bc(1)f(7) lines derived from crossing of four tunisian tetraploid sources of resistance (tun7, tun18, tun34, t ... | 2011 | 22384332 |
| genetic variability in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compatibility supports the selection of durum wheat genotypes for enhancing soil ecological services and cropping systems in canada. | crop nutrient- and water-use efficiency could be improved by using crop varieties highly compatible with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). two greenhouse experiments demonstrated the presence of genetic variability for this trait in modern durum wheat ( triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) germplasm. among the five cultivars tested, 'ac morse' had consistently low levels of am root colonization and dt710 had consistently high levels of am root colonization, whereas 'commander', which had the ... | 2012 | 22356605 |
| effect of silicon on reducing cadmium toxicity in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. cv. claudio w.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. | agricultural soil contamination and subsequently crops still require alternative solutions to reduce associated environmental risks. the effects of silica application on alleviating cadmium (cd) phytotoxicity in wheat plants were investigated in a 71-day pot experiment conducted with a historically contaminated agricultural soil. we used amorphous silica (asi) that had been extracted from a diatomite mine for si distribution at 0, 1, 10 and 15 ton asi ha(-1). asi applications increased plant bio ... | 2012 | 22301080 |
| a new reduced height gene found in the tetraploid semi-dwarf wheat landrace aiganfanmai. | aiganfanmai is a dwarf tetraploid wheat landrace (triticum turgidum var. turgidum) that stably produces the semi-dwarf trait. plant height varies from 80-105 cm under cultivation. compared with tall durum wheat (t. turgidum var. durum) variety langdon, we found it to have short spikes and seeds, besides a semi-dwarf character. we crossed aiganfanmai with langdon to analyze the genetic basis of the semi-dwarf trait. the f(2) population segregated at a 1:3 ratio for the short trait to the normal, ... | 2011 | 22002128 |
| occurrence of fusarium spp. and fumonisin in durum wheat grains. | a survey was carried out to determine fusarium species and fumonisin contamination in 55 durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) samples collected during two harvest seasons (2007 and 2008) using hplc and further lc-ms/ms confirmation. all samples showed fusarium contamination with infection levels ranging from 8 to 66%, f. proliferatum being the species most frequently isolated during 2007 and the second most frequently isolated one during the 2008 harvest season, respectively. natural co ... | 2011 | 21999326 |
| accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum): the role of transpiration. | concentrations of cadmium in the grain of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) are often above the internationally acceptable limit of 0.2 mg kg(-1). cultivars that vary in concentrations of cadmium in the grain have been identified but the physiology behind differential accumulation has not been determined. three pairs of near-isogenic lines (isolines) of durum wheat that vary in aboveground cadmium accumulation (8982-tl 'high' and 'low', w9260-bc 'high' and 'low', and w9261-bg 'high' a ... | 2011 | 23573025 |
| variations in content and extractability of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) arabinoxylans associated with genetic and environmental factors. | arabinoxylans (ax) represent the most abundant components of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat, constituting about 70% of cell wall polysaccharides. an important property of ax is their ability to form highly viscous water solutions; this peculiarity has a significant impact on the technological characteristics of wheat and determines the physiologically positive influence in consumption. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum), the raw material for pasta production, is one of the most im ... | 2011 | 21845095 |
| environmental conditions affect semolina quality in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum l.) cultivars with different gluten strength and gluten protein composition. | sowing time may impact semolina and pasta cooking quality by changing the environmental conditions during grain filling. the effect of an optimum and a delayed sowing time on semolina quality was studied by comparing six cultivars under irrigation, in order to isolate temperature from drought effects. | 2011 | 21842525 |
| rhizotest: a plant-based biotest to account for rhizosphere processes when assessing copper bioavailability. | the ability of the free ion activity model (fiam), the terrestrial biotic ligand model (tblm), the diffusive gradients in thin films (dgt) technique and a plant-based biotest, the rhizotest, to predict root copper (cu) concentration in field-grown durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum l.) was assessed on 44 soils varying in ph (3.9-7.8) and total cu (32-184 mg kg(-1)). none of the methods adequately predicted root cu concentration, which was mainly correlated with total soil cu. results from dgt ... | 2010 | 20719419 |
| genetic control over silica deposition in wheat awns. | awns are long, stiff filamentous extensions of glumes in many grasses. in wheat, awns contribute up to 40% of the grain's photosynthetic assimilates, and assist in seed dispersal. awns accumulate silica in epidermal hairs and papillae, and silica has been positively associated with yield and environmental stress tolerance. here, the awns of a set of domesticated wheat genotypes and their direct progenitor, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides were characterized. in addition, the silica concentrati ... | 2010 | 20444192 |
| rhizosphere ph gradient controls copper availability in a strongly acidic soil. | using a root mat approach, we quantified how root-induced alkalization controlled the establishment of copper (cu) gradients in the rhizosphere of durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum l.) cropped in a strongly acidic, cu-contaminated soil. rhizosphere ph increased over 6 mm in soil, reaching up to +2.8 units close to root mat surface. conversely, free cu2+ activity decreased by 3 orders of magnitude and total cu concentration by 3-fold in the rhizosphere solution, while labile cu assessed by dgt ... | 2009 | 19731663 |
| variations in the dorso-ventral organization of leaf structure and kranz anatomy coordinate the control of photosynthesis and associated signalling at the whole leaf level in monocotyledonous species. | photosynthesis and associated signalling are influenced by the dorso-ventral properties of leaves. the degree of adaxial/abaxial symmetry in stomatal numbers, photosynthetic regulation with respect to light orientation and the total section areas of the bundle sheath (bs) cells and the surrounding mesophyll (m) cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the vascular bundles were compared in two c(4)[zea mays (maize) and paspalum dilatatum] and one c(3)[triticum turgidum (durum wheat)] monocotyled ... | 2009 | 19712063 |
| identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for grain protein concentration in adapted canadian durum wheat populations. | grain protein concentration (gpc) is one of the most important factors influencing pasta-making quality. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars with high gpc produce pasta with increased tolerance to overcooking and greater cooked firmness. however, the large environmental effect on expression of gpc and the negative correlation with grain yield have slowed genetic improvement of this important trait. understanding the genetics and identification of molecular markers associated w ... | 2009 | 19462147 |
| cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to fusarium head blight. | current durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.)) cultivars have little or no resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb), a ravaging disease of cereal crops. a diploid wheatgrass, lophopyrum elongatum (host) a. löve (2n = 2x = 14, ee genome), is an excellent source of fhb resistance. through an extensive intergeneric hybridization using durum cultivar langdon, we have developed a disomic alien addition line, named dge-1 (2n = 28 + 2), with a wheatgrass chromosome pair. we used a uniq ... | 2009 | 19448727 |
| allelic variation at psy1-a1 and association with yellow pigment in durum wheat grain. | the yellow pigment (yp) of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) semolina is due in part to the presence of carotenoid pigments found in the endosperm and is an important end-use quality trait. phytoene synthase (psy) is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and in this study, three alleles of psy1-a1 were sequenced from four durum wheat cultivars and a co-dominant marker was developed for genetic mapping. psy1-a1 mapped to chromosome 7al near xwmc809 in ... | 2009 | 19319504 |
| complete characterization of wheat-alien metaphase i pairing in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host). | the pattern of homoeologous metaphase i (mi) pairing has been fully characterized in durum wheat x aegilops cylindrica hybrids (2n = 4x = 28, abc(c)d(c)) by an in situ hybridization procedure that has permitted individual discrimination of every wheat and wild constituent genome. one of the three hybrid genotypes examined carried the ph1c mutation. in all cases, mi associations between chromosomes of both species represented around two-third of total. main results from the analysis are as follow ... | 2009 | 19319503 |
| improvements in the production of doubled haploids in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) through isolated microspore culture. | the objective of this study was to produce durum wheat doubled haploid (dh) plants through the induction of microspore embryogenesis. the microspore culture technique was improved to maximize production of green plants per spike using three commercial cultivars. studies on factors such as induction media composition, induction media support and the stage and growth of donor plants were carried out in order to develop an efficient protocol to regenerate green and fertile dh plants. microspores we ... | 2009 | 19288107 |
| water and nitrogen conditions affect the relationships of delta13c and delta18o to gas exchange and growth in durum wheat. | whereas the effects of water and nitrogen (n) on plant delta(13)c have been reported previously, these factors have scarcely been studied for delta(18)o. here the combined effect of different water and n regimes on delta(13)c, delta(18)o, gas exchange, water-use efficiency (wue), and growth of four genotypes of durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum (desf.) husn.] cultured in pots was studied. water and n supply significantly increased plant growth. however, a reduction in water supply did ... | 2009 | 19246596 |
| immunogenicity characterization of two ancient wheat α-gliadin peptides related to coeliac disease. | the immunogenic potential of α-gliadin protein from two ancient wheats was studied with reference to coeliac disease. to this aim we investigated graziella ra® and kamut® (the latter is considered an ancient relative of modern durum wheat) in comparison to four durum wheat accessions (senatore cappelli, flaminio, grazia and svevo). elisa and western blot analyses - carried out by two monoclonal antibodies raised against the α-gliadin peptides p31-49 (lgqqqpfpqqpypqpqpf) and p56-75 (lqlqpfpqpqlpy ... | 2009 | 22253984 |
| association mapping of yellow pigment in an elite collection of durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines. | association mapping (am) is an alternative or complementary strategy to qtl mapping for describing associations between genotype and phenotype based on linkage disequilibrium (ld). yellow pigment (yp), an important end-use quality trait in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum), was evaluated to determine the ability of am to identify previously published qtl and to identify genomic regions for further genetic dissection. the yp concentration was determined for 93 durum wheat accessions s ... | 2008 | 19088814 |
| proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and starch characterization of triticum turgidum l. var. durum cultivars for pasta making. | criteria for durum wheat quality are continuously evolving in response to market pressure and consumer's preference. specific attributes of durum wheat for different end products require more rapid and objective means to grade and classify wheat parcels based on processing potential. a total of 10 durum wheat cultivars were compared for compositional, protein, and starch characteristics. mean values for the gross composition differed for total protein, gluten, and starch. two-dimensional electro ... | 2008 | 18754666 |
| effects of variety, cropping year, location and fertilizer application on nutritive value of durum wheat straw. | this study was carried out to assess the effects of variety, year, location and level of fertilizer application on chemical composition and in sacco dry matter (dm) degradability of durum wheat straw as well as to understand the relationship between straw quality and agronomic traits of the crop and to assess the possibilities of selecting wheat varieties that combine high grain yield with desirable straw quality. two local (arendeto and tikur sinde) and two improved (boohai and gerardo) varieti ... | 2008 | 18336408 |
| cd accumulation in roots and shoots of durum wheat: the roles of transpiration rate and apoplastic bypass. | cadmium is readily taken up from soils by plants, depending on soil chemistry, and variably among species and cultivars; altered transpiration and xylem transport and/or translocation in the phloem could cause this variation in cd accumulation, some degree of which is heritable. using triticum turgidum var. durum cvs kyle and arcola (high and low grain cd accumulating, respectively), the objectives of this study were to determine if low-concentration cd exposure alters transpiration, to relate t ... | 2007 | 17804431 |
| identification of qtl and association of a phytoene synthase gene with endosperm colour in durum wheat. | the yellow colour of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) semolina is due in part to the presence of carotenoid pigments found in the endosperm and is an important end-use quality trait. we hypothesized that variation in the genes coding for phytoene synthase (psy), a critical enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, may partially explain the phenotypic variation in endosperm colour observed among durum cultivars. using rice sequence information, primers were designed to pcr clone and sequence ... | 2007 | 17131106 |