| effects of soil cadmium on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). | effects of different concentrations of soil cadmium (0-33mg kg(-1)) on growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidant response of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated using pot experiments. a slight stimulatory effect on seedling growth was observed, especially at low cd concentrations (less than 3.3mg kg(-1)). results of the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) determination showed a decrease in unstable free radical level in the leaves, followed by a significant increase with i ... | 2007 | 17568654 |
| [genealogical analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in russian and ukrainian cultivars of common wheat triticum aestivum l]. | the gris3.5 information analytical system of wheat genetic resources was used to track the possible ways of the transmission of fusarium head blight resistance from ancestors to progenies in extended pedigrees of 149 russian and ukrainian cultivaris of winter common wheat. analysis of variance was performed for the coefficient of parentage computed for the cultivars under study and the putative sources of resistance and revealed that groups of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed in the ... | 2006 | 17025160 |
| boosting silica levels in wheat leaves reduces grazing by rabbits. | systemic application of sodium silicate can significantly enhance the levels of leaf silica in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. mercia), suggesting that this material could reduce the palatability of plants to vertebrate herbivores (e.g. rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l.). a bioassay was developed using hydroponically grown wheat plants. plants treated with sodium silicate were significantly more resistant to grazing by wild rabbits than untreated plants, with severe, potentially lethal fe ... | 2007 | 17177170 |
| genetic analysis of bread-making quality scores in bread wheat using a recombinant inbred line population. | bread-making quality has been evaluated in a progeny of 194 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross between the two french cultivars récital and renan, cultivated in three environments. these cultivars have been previously identified as having contrasting grain protein content and dough rheology properties, although they achieve similar scores for the official bread-making test used for cultivar registration in france. however the progeny displayed a wide range of variations, suggesting t ... | 2007 | 17581736 |
| relevance of anti-reactive oxygen species activity to anti-inflammatory activity of components of eviprostat, a phytotherapeutic agent for benign prostatic hyperplasia. | inflammation is a common finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph). the phytotherapeutic agent eviprostat is a popular treatment for bph in japan and germany. this agent consists of five components; four are extracted from chimaphila umbellata, populus tremula, pulsatilla pratensis and equisetum arvense (coded as evi-1, evi-2, evi-3 and evi-4, respectively) and the fifth is germ oil from triticum aestivum (coded as evi-5). in this study, the effects of each component on the reactive oxygen s ... | 2007 | 17583488 |
| development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. shiranekomugi) seeds were soaked in water at 22 degrees c for 1 d. thereafter, the embryo of the soaked seeds was inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a region of the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an a. tumefaciens inoculum. the inoculated seeds were incubated at 22 degrees c for 2 d and sterilized by cefotaxime (claforan) (1000 ppm water solution) treatment and then vernalized at 5 degrees c for 25 d. finally, t ... | 2006 | 17046528 |
| the historical perspective of dryland agriculture: lessons learned from 10,000 years of wheat cultivation. | wheat is one of the founder crops of western agriculture. this study reconstructs agronomic conditions, potential yields, and kernel weight in the beginnings of cultivation of domesticated free-threshing wheat, c. 8000 bc. the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions and the dimensions of fossil grains of naked wheat (triticum aestivum/durum) were analysed. samples were collected in tell halula and akarçay tepe, two neolithic archaeological sites from the middle euphrates (the claimed cor ... | 2007 | 17050642 |
| increased field resistance to tilletia caries provided by a specific antifungal virus gene in genetically engineered wheat. | the field performance of a viral gene in two swiss wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties showed 10% increased fungal resistance against tilletia caries (stinking smut). to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of improved resistance against any fungus in the field achieved by genetic engineering in wheat. the genetically modified wheat lines previously showed a c. 30% decrease in symptoms of t. caries in the glasshouse (clausen, m., kräuter, r., schachermayr, g., potrykus, i. and sau ... | 2006 | 17177786 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of pathogenic isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) in the state of paraná, brazil. | isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) spikes with blast symptoms were analyzed by classical (vcg) and molecular (rapd) techniques. p. grisea mutants, unable to use sodium nitrate (nit) as nitrogen source, were obtained with potassium chlorate. for vegetative compatibility (vcg) tests, genetically complementary nit mutant pairs were inoculated in a medium with sodium nitrate as a single nitrogen source. p. grisea isolates were ... | 2007 | 17604441 |
| full-fledged proteomic analysis of bioactive wheat amylase inhibitors by a 3-d analytical technique: identification of new heterodimeric aggregation states. | wheat proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-ais) are increasingly investigated for their agronomical role as natural defence molecules of plants against the attack of insects and pests, but also for their effects on human health. the wheat genomes code for several bioactive alpha-ais that share sequence homology, but differ in their specificity against alpha-amylases from different species and for their aggregation states. wheat alpha-ais are traditionally classified as belonging to the ... | 2007 | 17203506 |
| active carbon-pools in rhizosphere of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in a typic haplustept in sub-tropical india. | study on active and labile carbon-pools can serve as a clue for soil organic carbon dynamics on exposure to elevated level of co2. therefore, an experimental study was conducted in a typic haplustept in sub-tropical semi-arid india with wheat grown in open top chambers at ambient (370 micromol mol-1) and elevated (600 micromol mol-1) concentrations of atmospheric co2. elevated atmospheric co2 caused increase in yield and carbon uptake by all plant parts, and their preferential partitioning to ro ... | 2007 | 17055632 |
| identification of molecular marker and aggressiveness for different groups of bipolaris sorokiniana isolates causing spot blotch disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | one hundred fifty-five isolates of bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were studied for their morphopathological characterization. these isolates were grouped in five categories--black, brown/dull black, gray cottony growth, dull white/greenish black, and white--on the basis of their growth pattern. the frequency of the black suppressed type was maximum (45.63%), whereas the white isolate displayed lowest frequency (6.96%) in the natural population. twenty rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) prim ... | 2007 | 17647080 |
| expression and functional analysis of taasy1 during meiosis of bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes is required for normal chromosome segregation and the exchange of genetic material via recombination during meiosis. synapsis is complete at pachytene following the formation of a tri-partite proteinaceous structure known as the synaptonemal complex (sc). in yeast, hop1 is essential for formation of the sc, and localises along chromosome axes during prophase i. homologues in arabidopsis (atasy1), brassica (boasy1) and rice (ospair2) have been isolat ... | 2007 | 17683575 |
| metal ion binding properties of triticum [corrected] aestivum ec-1 metallothionein: evidence supporting two separate metal thiolate clusters. | metallothioneins are ubiquitous low molecular mass, cysteine-rich proteins with an extraordinary high metal ion content. in contrast to the situation for the vertebrate forms, information regarding the properties of members of the plant metallothionein family is still scarce. we present the first spectroscopic investigation aiming to elucidate the metal ion binding properties and metal thiolate cluster formation of the triticum [corrected] aestivum (common wheat) early cysteine-labeled plant met ... | 2007 | 17211631 |
| cloning and characterization of the ribosomal protein l3 (rpl3) gene family from triticum aestivum. | plant pathogenic fungi of the genus fusarium can cause severe diseases on small grain cereals and maize. the contamination of harvested grain with fusarium mycotoxins is a threat to human and animal health. in wheat production of the toxin deoxynivalenol (don), which inhibits eukaryotic protein biosynthesis, is a virulence factor of fusarium, and resistance against don is considered to be part of fusarium resistance. previously, single amino acid changes in rpl3 (ribosomal protein l3) conferring ... | 2007 | 17216491 |
| survival of bio-inoculants on fungicides-treated seeds of wheat, pea and chickpea and subsequent effect on chickpea yield. | survival of mesorhizobium ciceri (sp(4)) and azotobacter chroococcum (cbd-15 and m(4)) was tested on chickpea (cicer arietinum) seeds treated with fungicides bavistin [methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2yl) carbamate] and thiram (tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide), whereas survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb), pseudomonas striata (27) and bacillus polymyxa (h(5)) was examined on two cultivars (arkel and bv) of pea (pisum sativum) seeds treated with thiram. viability of azotobacter chroococcum ( ... | 2007 | 17701702 |
| decreased toxicity to terrestrial plants associated with a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolite tert-butyl alcohol. | the influence of the main fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) and its key metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (tba), on the growth of a plant seedling was studied separately and in combination. the test plants were mung bean (phaseolus radiatus), cucumber (cucumis sativus), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), kale (brassica alboglabra), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), and sweet corn (zea mays). the growth of all the plants was adversely affected by tba and mtbe. the ... | 2007 | 17702346 |
| indirect enzyme-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of taxi and xip type xylanase inhibitors in wheat and other cereals. | to quantify triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and xylanase inhibiting protein (xip) type proteins in cereals in general and wheat ( t. aestivum) in particular, a robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using an uncommon enzyme-antibody sandwich format was developed. bacillus subtilis glycoside hydrolase family (gh) 11 and aspergillus oryzae gh 10 xylanases were selected for coating elisa plate wells to capture taxi and xip, respectively, prior to probing with antibodies. the d ... | 2007 | 17715986 |
| gliadain, a gibberellin-inducible cysteine proteinase occurring in germinating seeds of wheat, triticum aestivum l., specifically digests gliadin and is regulated by intrinsic cystatins. | we cloned a new cysteine proteinase of wheat seed origin, which hydrolyzed the storage protein gliadin almost specifically, and was named gliadain. gliadain mrna was expressed 1 day after the start of seed imbibition, and showed a gradual increase thereafter. gliadain expression was suppressed when uniconazol, a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, was added to germinating seeds. histochemical detection with anti-gliadain serum indicated that gliadain was present in the aleurone layer and also that ... | 2007 | 17371549 |
| global adaptation patterns of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat. | the international adaptation trial (iat) is a special purpose nursery designed to investigate the genotype-by-environment interactions and worldwide adaptation for grain yield of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l. var. durum). the iat contains lines representing australian and cimmyt wheat breeding programs and was distributed to 91 countries between 2000 and 2004. yield data of 41 reference lines from 106 trials were analysed. a multi ... | 2007 | 17768603 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of the triticum aestivum l. ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1) that increases multiple stress tolerance. | erf transcription factors play important roles in regulating gene expression under abiotic and biotic stresses. the first member of the erf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was isolated by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated as t. aestivum ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1), which encoded a putative protein of 355 amino acids with a conserved dna-binding domain and a conserved n-terminal motif (mcggail). the taerf1 gene was located on chromosome 7a. protein inte ... | 2007 | 17874224 |
| cloning of salt stress responsive cdna from wheat and resistant analysis of differential fragment sr07 in transgenic tobacco. | analysis of the gene expression differentiation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar baofeng 7228, under salt stress, was carried out by differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr.) twenty-seven differential cdna fragments were obtained. the expression of the sr07 fragment was induced noticeably by salt treatment, and the nucleotide sequence homology of 87% between the sr07 fragment and pips (water channel proteins) was observed. further research ... | 2007 | 17884694 |
| kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum). | an attempt was made to study the efficient use of rice straw and indigenous source of phosphorus and potassium in crop production through composting technology. various enriched composts were prepared using rice straw, rock phosphate (rp), waste mica and bioinoculant (aspergillus awamori) and kinetics of release of phosphorus and potassium from enriched composts and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum) were carried out. results showed sharp increases in release ... | 2008 | 17905580 |
| trigenomic chromosomes by recombination of thinopyrum intermedium and th. ponticum translocations in wheat. | rusts and barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) are among the main diseases affecting wheat production world wide for which wild relatives have been the source of a number of translocations carrying resistance genes. nevertheless, along with desirable traits, alien translocations often carry deleterious genes. we have generated recombinants in a bread wheat background between two alien translocations: tc5, ex-thinopyrum (th) intermedium, carrying bydv resistance gene bdv2; and t4m, ex-th. ponticum, c ... | 2007 | 17906848 |
| dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies. | the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ... | 2007 | 17389586 |
| the effects of walnut and pine leaves on bread wheat growth and frequence of common weed species in the east-mediterranean region. | a field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of walnut (juglans regia l.) and pine (pinus sp.) leaves on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth and weed control, during 2001-02 and 2002-03 growing seasons in east mediterranean region of turkey. in this research, the treatments were: applications of ground walnut leaves (gwl) and ground pine leaves (gpl) at 19 g/m2 dose at zadoks-11, applications of 200, 400 and 800 cc/m2 of walnut leaves extract (wle2, wle4 and wle8 respectivel ... | 2006 | 17402244 |
| environmental factors of celiac disease: cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species triticum monococcum, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and t. aestivum ssp. spelta. | in the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer caco-2/tc7 and human myelogenous leukemia k562(s) cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease. | 2007 | 17914956 |
| [bifunctional inhibitor of alpha-amylase/trypsin from wheat grain]. | a trypsin inhibitor, isolated from whole-wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.) by the method of bio-specific chromatography on trypsin-sepharose, was potent in inhibiting human salivary alpha-amylase. the bi-functional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor was characterized by a narrow specificity for other alpha-amylases and proteinases. the high thermostability of the inhibitor was lost in the presence of sh group-reducing agents. the inhibitor-trypsin complex retained its activity against alpha-amylas ... | 2007 | 17929568 |
| molecular characterization and chromosome-specific trap-marker development for langdon durum d-genome disomic substitution lines. | the aneuploid stocks of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husnot) and common wheat (t. aestivum l.) have been developed mainly in 'langdon' (ldn) and 'chinese spring' (cs) cultivars, respectively. the ldn-cs d-genome chromosome disomic substitution (ldn-ds) lines, where a pair of cs d-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous a- or b-genome chromosome pair of ldn, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. ... | 2006 | 17426769 |
| characterization of a cinnamoyl-coa reductase that is associated with stem development in wheat. | cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is responsible for the coa ester to aldehyde conversion in monolignol biosynthesis, which diverts phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites into the biosynthesis of lignin. to gain a better understanding of lignin biosynthesis and its biological function, a cdna encoding ccr was identified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and designated as ta-ccr1. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ta-ccr1 grouped together with other monocot ccr sequences while it diverged from ta-cc ... | 2007 | 17452751 |
| molecular mapping of qtls for karnal bunt resistance in two recombinant inbred populations of bread wheat. | karnal bunt (kb) of wheat, caused by the fungus tilletia indica, is a challenge to the grain industry, owing not to direct yield loss but to quarantine regulations that may restrict international movement of affected grain. several different sources of resistance to kb have been reported. understanding the genetics of resistance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into new wheat cultivars. the objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with kb ... | 2007 | 17952401 |
| single and joint stress of acetochlor and pb on three agricultural crops in northeast china. | in order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. seeds of the three crops including wheat (triticum aestivum), chinese cabbage (brassica pekimensis) and soybean (glycine max) as the main crops in northeast china were exposed to acetochlor as a herbicide and lead (pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil ... | 2007 | 17969646 |
| alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of india. | soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (fym), and crop management practices on a semiarid inceptisol in india. soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the indian agricultural research institute (iari) nea ... | 2008 | 17457684 |
| a single binding site mediates resistance- and disease-associated activities of the effector protein nip1 from the barley pathogen rhynchosporium secalis. | the effector protein nip1 from the barley (hordeum vulgare) pathogen rhynchosporium secalis specifically induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in cultivars of barley expressing the complementary resistance gene, rrs1. in addition, it stimulates the activity of the barley plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in a genotype-unspecific manner and it induces necrotic lesions in leaf tissues of barley and other cereal plant species. nip1 variants type i and ii, which display quantitative difference ... | 2007 | 17478637 |
| sucrose regulated expression of a ca2+-dependent protein kinase (tacdpk1) gene in excised leaves of wheat. | sucrose (suc) can influence the expression of a large number of genes and thereby regulates many metabolic and developmental processes. however, the suc sensing and the components of the ensuing signaling transduction pathway leading to the regulation of gene expression are not fully understood. we have shown that protein kinases and phosphatases are involved in the suc induced expression of fructosyltransferase (ft) genes and fructan accumulation by an hexokinase independent pathway in wheat (t ... | 2007 | 17482472 |
| photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations in leaves of c3 plants under different co2 concentrations and irradiances. | we used an advanced radiogasometric method to study the effects of short-term changes in co2 concentration ([co2]) on the rates and substrates of photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations under steady-state photosynthesis and in the dark. experiments were carried out on plantago lanceolata, poa trivialis, secale cereale, triticum aestivum, helianthus annuus and arabidopsis thaliana plants. rates of photorespiration and respiration measured at a low [co2] (40 micromol mol(-1)) were equal ... | 2007 | 17986155 |
| photosynthetic responses of wheat, triticum aestivum l., to defoliation patterns on individual leaves. | the impact of defoliation by fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), on the photosynthetic rates of injured, individual wheat, triticum aestivum l., leaves and the impact of different spatial patterns of artificial insect defoliation on photosynthesis of remaining leaf tissue of injured, individual wheat leaves were evaluated in this study. photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded in the flag-leaves of wheat plants 1 and 24 h a ... | 2007 | 17540071 |
| development and molecular cytogenetic identification of new winter wheat--winter barley ('martonvásári 9 kr1' - 'igri') disomic addition lines. | this paper describes a series of winter wheat - winter barley disomic addition lines developed from hybrids between winter wheat line triticum aestivum l. 'martonvásári 9 kr1' and the german 2-rowed winter barley cultivar hordeum vulgare l. 'igri'. the barley chromosomes in a wheat background were identified from the fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) patterns obtained with various combinations of repetitive dna probes: gaa-hvt01 and pta71-hvt01. the disomic addition lines 2h, 3h, and 4h a ... | 2007 | 17546070 |
| influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil. | a pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of phosphate levels on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (cd), lead (pb) in soil. spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was selected as the tested plant. there were 5 phosphate fertilizer(ca(h2po4)2) levels including 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg p2o5/kg soil, marked by po, p1, p2, p3, and p4, respectively. cdcl2 x 2.5h2o and pb(no3)2 were added to soil as the following levels: cd + pb = 25+0, 0+1000, and 25+1000 mg/k ... | 2006 | 17294973 |
| not simply a foreign body. | the presence of foreign biological substances in the human body can lead to violent immune reactions. this is the report of a very rare case involving not only the presence of a biological substance, but also a symbiotic relationship between a living plant (the common wheat grain, triticum aestivum l.) and the human body. black coal particles and one cereal grain were removed from the subgalea of the right parietal region of a 35-year-old man who had sustained injuries in a motor vehicle acciden ... | 2008 | 18022346 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (minpps) are phytases expressed during grain filling and germination. | at present, little is known about the phytases of plant seeds in spite of the fact that this group of enzymes is the primary determinant for the utilization of the major phosphate storage compound in seeds, phytic acid. we report the cloning and characterization of complementary dnas (cdnas) encoding one of the groups of enzymes with phytase activity, the multiple inositol phosphate phosphatases (minpps). four wheat cdnas (taphyiia1, taphyiia2, taphyiib and taphyiic) and three barley cdnas (hvph ... | 2007 | 17309687 |
| effects of co2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat. | in order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seed embryos were exposed to co2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) peg6000 solution for 10 days. changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (mda), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), glutathione (gsh), ascorbate (asa), oxidized glutathione (gssg), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of s ... | 2008 | 18032059 |
| qtl associated with fusarium head blight resistance in the soft red winter wheat ernie. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schw. (petch)], is an increasingly important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). host-plant resistance provides the best hope for reducing economic losses associated with fhb, but new sources of resistance are limited. the moderately resistant winter wheat cultivar, ernie, may provide a source of resistance that differs from sumai 3 but these genes have not been mapped. also hindering resis ... | 2007 | 17569028 |
| influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from cereals and pulses consumed in india. | influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from food grains consumed in india was evaluated. cereals - rice (oryza sativa), finger millet (eleusine coracana), sorghum (sorghum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays), and pulses - chickpea (cicer arietinum) - whole and decorticated, green gram (phaseolus aureus) - whole and decorticated, decorticated black gram (phaseolus mungo), decorticated red gram (cajanus cajan), cowpea (vigna catjang), and french ... | 2007 | 17317519 |
| mitochondrial regulation of flower development. | flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ... | 2008 | 18054525 |
| evidence of natural hybridization between aegilops geniculata and wheat under field conditions in central spain. | this study deals with hybrids between aegilops geniculata and bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., detected in two ae. geniculata populations in the "meseta central", spain's central plateau where wheat is a major crop. morphological traits and pentaploid chromosome numbers were used to identify hybrids in 2004 and 2005. the frequency of hybridization under natural conditions was calculated for one of these populations. six hybrids were detected from a sample of 3158 seeds from this population. th ... | 2007 | 17328856 |
| fine mapping and targeted snp survey using rice-wheat gene colinearity in the region of the bo1 boron toxicity tolerance locus of bread wheat. | toxicity due to high levels of soil boron (b) represents a significant limitation to cereal production in some regions, and the bo1 gene provides a major source of b toxicity tolerance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a novel approach was used to develop primers to amplify and sequence gene fragments specifically from the bo1 region of the hexaploid wheat genome. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) identified were then used to generate markers close to bo1 on the distal end of chromosom ... | 2007 | 17571251 |
| genetic and epigenetic alteration among three homoeologous genes of a class e mads box gene in hexaploid wheat. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with a, b, and d ancestral genomes. most bread wheat genes are present in the genome as triplicated homoeologous genes (homoeologs) derived from the ancestral species. here, we report that both genetic and epigenetic alterations have occurred in the homoeologs of a wheat class e mads box gene. two class e genes are identified in wheat, wheat sepallata (wsep) and wheat leafy hull sterile1 (wlhs1), which are homologs of os mads45 and os mads1 ... | 2007 | 17586655 |
| preceding crop affects grain cadmium and zinc of wheat grown in saline soils of central iran. | enhanced cd concentrations in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain produced on saline soils of central iran have been recently reported. because wheat bread is a major dietary component for the iranian people, practical approaches to decrease cd concentration in wheat grain were investigated. this study investigated the influence of sunflower-wheat vs. cotton-wheat rotations on extractable cd and on cd uptake by wheat in these salt-affected soils. two fields with different levels of cd contaminati ... | 2007 | 17596621 |
| plant availability of nutrients recovered as solids from human urine tested in climate chamber on triticum aestivum l. | recovered nutrients by freezing-thawing from human urine in combination with struvite precipitation and nitrogen adsorption on zeolite and activated carbon have been tested in pot trials with wheat, triticum aestivum l., in a climate chamber during 21 days. a simple test design using sand as substrate was chosen to give a first, general evaluation of the nutrient (p and n) availability from these sources. dry weight, plant growth morphology, total-p and total-n were analysed. the tests show a sl ... | 2007 | 17336055 |
| optimization of agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions in mature embryos of elite wheat. | immature embryos have been used frequently as target tissues in the genetical transformation of wheat. however, obtaining a large number of high quality immature embryos throughout the year is a laborious and delicate process, because of the need to cultivate the plants under controlled conditions. to circumvent this, we have employed mature embryos rather than immature ones as starter explants for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar em12. the ... | 2009 | 17906943 |
| tamsh7: a cereal mismatch repair gene that affects fertility in transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | chromosome pairing, recombination and dna repair are essential processes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. investigating the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ph2 (pairing homoeologous) locus has identified numerous candidate genes that may have a role in controlling such processes, including tamsh7, a plant specific member of the dna mismatch repair family. | 2007 | 18096080 |
| mapping of a major stripe rust resistance gene in chinese native wheat variety chike using microsatellite markers. | chike (accession number su1900), a chinese native wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety, is resistant to the currently prevailing physiological races of puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici in china. genetic analysis indicated that resistance to the physiological race cy32 of the pathogen in the variety was controlled by one dominant gene. in this study, bsa (bulked segregant analysis) methods and ssrs (simple sequence repeats) marker polymorphic analysis are used to map the gene. the res ... | 2007 | 18155625 |
| establishment of azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | biofertilizers contribute in n(2) fixation, p solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. this interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the ... | 2007 | 17910096 |
| fusarium graminearum gene deletion mutants map1 and tri5 reveal similarities and differences in the pathogenicity requirements to cause disease on arabidopsis and wheat floral tissue. | the ascomycete pathogen fusarium graminearum can infect all cereal species and lower grain yield, quality and safety. the fungus can also cause disease on arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the disease-causing ability of two f. graminearum mutants was analysed to further explore the parallels between the wheat (triticum aestivum) and arabidopsis floral pathosystems. wild-type f. graminearum (strain ph-1) and two isogenic transformants lacking either the mitogen-activated protein kinase map1 ge ... | 2008 | 18179606 |
| plastidial glutathione reductase from haynaldia villosa is an enhancer of powdery mildew resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum). | a full-length cdna (hv-gr) whose transcript accumulation increased in response to infection by blumeria graminis dc.f.sp. tritici (bgt) was isolated from haynaldia villosa. southern analysis revealed a single copy of hv-gr present in h. villosa. this gene encodes a glutathione reductase (gr) with high similarity to chloroplastic grs from other plant species. chloroplastic localization of hv-gr was confirmed by targeting of the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-hv-gr fusion protein to chloroplasts ... | 2007 | 17947258 |
| lignan profile in seeds of modern and old italian soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars as revealed by ce-ms analyses. | the health-promoting effects of whole-grain consumption have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemical contents and profiles. wheat is an important component of the human diet; however, little is known about the phytochemical profiles of different wheat varieties, especially of old wheats. the objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of lignans, a class of phytochemicals with proved health benefit effects, of four modern and six old italian soft wheat (triticum aes ... | 2007 | 17948259 |
| rapid assessment of insect fragments in flour milled from wheat infested with known densities of immature and adult sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | milling wheat, triticum aestivum l., infested with low densities of internal feeding insects can result in flour containing insect fragments. the food and drug administration (fda) enforces a standard or defect action level stating that a maximum of 75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour is allowed. however, the relationship between level of infestation and number of resulting fragments is not well documented, and a more rapid method for enumerating insect fragments is needed. we characterized th ... | 2007 | 17972652 |
| transcriptome analysis of trichothecene-induced gene expression in barley. | fusarium head blight, caused primarily by fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem on barley (hordeum vulgare l.). trichothecene mycotoxins produced by the fungus during infection increase the aggressiveness of the fungus and promote infection in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). loss-of-function mutations in the tri5 gene in f. graminearum result in the inability to synthesize trichothecenes and in reduced virulence on wheat. we examined the impact of pathogen-derived trichothecenes on viru ... | 2007 | 17977148 |
| a set of modular binary vectors for transformation of cereals. | genetic transformation of crop plants offers the possibility of testing hypotheses about the function of individual genes as well as the exploitation of transgenes for targeted trait improvement. however, in most cereals, this option has long been compromised by tedious and low-efficiency transformation protocols, as well as by the lack of versatile vector systems. after having adopted and further improved the protocols for agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2007 | 17981986 |
| biodegradation of disperse textile dye brown 3rel by newly isolated bacillus sp. vus. | to isolate the potential micro-organism for the degradation of textile disperse dye brown 3 rel and to find out the reaction mechanism. | 2008 | 18266699 |
| mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid a genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. triticum monococcum and t. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. a set of 121 rils generated from a cross involving t. mon ... | 2008 | 17989954 |
| folates in asian noodles: i. microbiological analysis and the use of enzyme treatments. | asian noodles are a major end use of common wheat flour globally. a microbiological assay protocol for the folate contents of flour and asian noodles has been developed. different approaches were compared for enzymatic extraction and deconjugation of folate following the establishment of optimum inoculum concentration for analysis. the folate results obtained varied when samples were subjected to different preparation and extraction procedures. the use of trienzyme treatments gave significantly ... | 2007 | 17995715 |
| dimeric inhibitors of human salivary alpha-amylase from emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) seeds. | the proteins belonging to the cereal trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family are abundant water/salt-soluble flour proteins active against alpha-amylases from several seed parasites and pests and inactive against endogenous alpha-amylases. three alpha-amylase inhibitor families have been described in cereals that vary in size and are differently expressed among triticeae seeds. the present work investigates the presence of human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitors in emmer (triticum dicoccon schran ... | 2007 | 18020408 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the nf-y family of transcription factors in triticum aestivum. | nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a trimeric complex that binds to the ccaat box, a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter element. the three subunits nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc are represented by single genes in yeast and mammals. however, in model plant species (arabidopsis and rice) multiple genes encode each subunit providing the impetus for the investigation of the nf-y transcription factor family in wheat. a total of 37 nf-y and dr1 genes (10 nf-ya, 11 nf-yb, 14 nf-yc and 2 dr1) in triticum aestivum were ide ... | 2007 | 17598077 |
| leaf rust resistance gene lr1, isolated from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a member of the large psr567 gene family. | in hexaploid wheat, leaf rust resistance gene lr1 is located at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5d. to clone this gene, an f(1)-derived doubled haploid population and a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between the susceptible cultivar ac karma and the resistant line 87e03-s2b1 were phenotyped for resistance to puccinia triticina race 1-1 bbb that carries the avirulence gene avr1. a high-resolution genetic map of the lr1 locus was constructed using microsatellite, resi ... | 2007 | 17611798 |
| efficient and rapid agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) using additional virulence genes. | genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta. transgenic approaches to study and modify traits in durum wheat have lagged behind those for bread wheat. here we report the use of agrobacterium strain agl1, with additional vir genes housed in a helper plasmid, to transform and regenerate the durum wheat variety ofanto. the use of the basic psoup helper plasmid with no a ... | 2008 | 17638109 |
| modelling wheat growth and yield losses from late epidemics of foliar diseases using loss of green leaf area per layer and pre-anthesis reserves. | background and aims: crop protection strategies, based on preventing quantitative crop losses rather than pest outbreaks, are being developed as a promising way to reduce fungicide use. the bastiaans' model was applied to winter wheat crops (triticum aestivum) affected by leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and septoria tritici blotch (stb; mycosphaerella graminicola) under a range of crop management conditions. this study examined (a) whether green leaf area per layer accurately accounts for growth ... | 2007 | 17686762 |
| the nitrate leached below maize root zone is available for deep-rooted wheat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the north china plain. | in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-summer maize (zea mays l.) rotation system in the north china plain, maize roots do not extend beyond 1.2 m in the vertical soil profile, but wheat roots can reach up to 2.0 m. increases in soil nitrate content at maize harvest and significant reductions after winter wheat harvest were observed in the 1.4-2.0 m depth under field conditions. the recovery of 15n isotope (calcium nitrate) from various (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 m) soil depths showed that ... | 2008 | 17692443 |
| screening of wheat varieties and associated bacterial population in old alluvial soil of burdwan, west bengal. | in order to screen out the best variety of wheat (triticum aestivum) out of eight varieties (viz., hp 1633, bw 11, nw 1014, sonalika, huw 468, k 9107, hp 1731 and huw 234), a field experiment was conducted (from dec. 2002 to april 2003) in a randomized block design replicated thrice at crop research and seed multiplication farm, burdwan university, west bengal, india. various morpho physiological parameters viz., plant population, length of shoot and root, leaf area index (lai), crop growth rate ... | 2007 | 17717978 |
| dothideomycete plant interactions illuminated by genome sequencing and est analysis of the wheat pathogen stagonospora nodorum. | stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum) and a member of the dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens affecting all major crop plant families. here, we report the acquisition and initial analysis of a draft genome sequence for this fungus. the assembly comprises 37,164,227 bp of nuclear dna contained in 107 scaffolds. the circular mitochondrial genome comprises 49,761 bp encoding 46 genes, including four t ... | 2007 | 18024570 |
| [greenhouse with a convex spherical planting surface as a prototype of space greenhouse and an instrument for studying the plant gravitropism]. | ibmp has developed a technology and unit for cultivating self-opening crops on a convex planting surface illuminated by light-emitting diodes mounted on an external concentric panel ("hemisphere"). the unit has a structure of two-member clinostat with semispherical plant growth chamber with a 600-mm diameter and a speed of from 1 to 10 revo about each axis; water potential in the root supply system is maintained at 1.0 +/- 0.45 kpa. having the data of 1200 measurements in the growth chamber, par ... | 2007 | 18035715 |
| effectiveness of various pseudomonas spp. and burkholderia caryophylli containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. five isolates belonging to pseudomonas and one burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions wer ... | 2007 | 18051598 |
| expression analysis of defense-related genes in wheat in response to infection by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungi fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese cultivar ning 7840 is one of a few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. genecalling, an open-architecture mrna-profiling technology, was used to identify differentially expressed genes induced or suppressed in spikes of ning 7840 after infection by f. graminearum. one hundred and twenty-five cdna fragments representing transcripts diff ... | 2007 | 18059549 |
| the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian cultivars of triticum aestivum measured by dart markers and considered by genome. | the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by amova and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. at the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the b genome. however, the us and australian d genomes are found to occ ... | 2008 | 18060539 |
| increased freezing tolerance through up-regulation of downstream genes via the wheat cbf gene in transgenic tobacco. | the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cbf gene family is assumed to play important roles in development of low-temperature and freezing tolerance through activation of the downstream cor/lea genes. however, no direct evidence shows association of the wheat cbf genes with stress tolerance or any interaction between wheat cbf transcription factors and cor/lea gene activation. here, we introduced wcbf2, one of the wheat cbf genes, into the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) genome. expression of wcbf2 signi ... | 2008 | 18061465 |
| fine scale genetic and physical mapping using interstitial deletion mutants of lr34 /yr18: a disease resistance locus effective against multiple pathogens in wheat. | the lr34/yr18 locus has contributed to durable, non-race specific resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum). lr34/yr18 also cosegregates with resistance to powdery mildew (pm38) and a leaf tip necrosis phenotype (ltn1). using a high resolution mapping family from a cross between near-isogenic lines in the "thatcher" background we demonstrated that lr34/yr18 also cosegregated with stem rust resistance in the fiel ... | 2008 | 18074114 |
| [ultrastructural basis of biotrophic relationships between brown rust fungus and common wheat]. | the ultrastructural research of relationships between common wheat and brown rust fungus puccinia triticina demonstrated that the biotrophy was based on the induction of plant cytoplasmic aggregate organization, nuclear migration to haustorium and stimulation of mesophyll cell metabolism. resistant reactions in the form of hypersensitivity and depositions on plant cell walls were suppressed up to fungal sporogenesis. cytoplasmic reorganization and nuclear taxis to haustorium were not registered ... | 2007 | 18074780 |
| plastid omega3-fatty acid desaturase-dependent accumulation of a systemic acquired resistance inducing activity in petiole exudates of arabidopsis thaliana is independent of jasmonic acid. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is an inducible defense mechanism that is activated throughout the plant, subsequent to localized inoculation with a pathogen. the establishment of sar requires translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated leaf to the distal organs, where salicylic acid-dependent defenses are activated. we demonstrate here that petiole exudates (pexs) collected from arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (avr) pseudomonas syringae strain promote resi ... | 2008 | 18088304 |
| autoinfection in wheat leaf rust epidemics. | autoinfection (within-host inoculum transmission) allows plant pathogens locally to increase their density on an infected host. estimating autoinfection is of particular importance in understanding epidemic development in host mixtures. more generally, autoinfection influences the rate of host colonization by the pathogen, as well as pathogen evolution. despite its importance in epidemiological models, autoinfection has not yet been directly quantified. it was measured here on wheat (triticum ae ... | 2008 | 18179605 |
| evolutionary and functional study of the cdpk gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are crucial sensors of calcium concentration changes in plant cells under diverse endogenous and environmental stimuli. we identified 20 cdpk genes from bread wheat and performed a comprehensive study on their structural, functional and evolutionary characteristics. full-length cdna sequences of 14 cdpks were obtained using various approaches. wheat cdpks were found to be similar to their counterparts in rice in genomic structure, gc content, subcellular ... | 2008 | 18185910 |
| [comparative analysis of the genetic diversity dynamics at gliadin loci in the winter common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars developed in serbia and italy over 40 years of scientific breeding]. | the dynamics of genetic transformations at gliadin-coding loci in the winter common wheat cultivars produced in serbia and italy over 40 years of scientific breeding was studied. it was demonstrated that a number of alleles unique for the wheat cultivars of each country were substituted with the alleles of a limited number of donor cultivars, in particular, cultivar bezostaya 1 and its derivatives. on the background of preserved heterogeneity values during various time periods of breeding in eac ... | 2007 | 18186186 |
| technical note: effects of tethering on herbage selection, intake and digestibility, grazing behavior, and energy expenditure by boer x spanish goats grazing high-quality herbage. | twenty-four yearling boer x spanish goats were used in a crossover experiment to determine the effects of tethering on herbage selection, intake and digestibility, grazing behavior, and energy expenditure (ee) with high-quality herbage. four 0.72-ha paddocks of wheat (triticum aestivum) and berseem clover (trifolium alexandrium) were grazed in the spring. each paddock hosted 6 animals, 3 with free movement and 3 attached to a 3-m tether that was moved daily and provided access to an area of 28.3 ... | 2008 | 18245508 |
| peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during aspergillus parasiticus infection. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut dna sequences are available in the public database. in order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was ... | 2008 | 18248674 |
| future co2 concentrations, though not warmer temperatures, enhance wheat photosynthesis temperature responses. | the temperature dependence of c3 photosynthesis is known to vary according to the growth environment. atmospheric co2 concentration and temperature are predicted to increase with climate change. to test whether long-term growth in elevated co2 and temperature modifies photosynthesis temperature response, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in ambient co2 (370 micromol mol(-1)) and elevated co2 (700 micromol mol(-1)) combined with ambient temperatures and 4 degrees c warmer ones, using tempera ... | 2008 | 18251874 |
| senescence-induced ectopic expression of the a. tumefaciens ipt gene in wheat delays leaf senescence, increases cytokinin content, nitrate influx, and nitrate reductase activity, but does not affect grain yield. | the manipulation of cytokinin levels by senescence-regulated expression of the agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene through its control by the arabidopsis sag12 (senescence-associated gene 12) promoter is an efficient tool for the prolongation of leaf photosynthetic activity which potentially can affect plant productivity. in the present study, the efficiency of this approach was tested on wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-a monocarpic plant characterized by a fast switch from vegetative to reproductiv ... | 2008 | 18267946 |
| microdochium triticicola sp. nov. from roots of triticum aestivum in the united kingdom. | morphological and molecular studies led to the description of microdochium triticicola as new species isolated from roots of wheat in the united kingdom. the morphological features of all known microdochium species are tabulated. | 2007 | 18268909 |
| heteroconium sp. nov. from roots of triticum aestivum in the united kingdom. | morphological and molecular studies led to the description of heteroconium triticicola as a new species isolated from roots of wheat in the united kingdom. the new fungus shares with h. citharexyli, the type species of heteroconium petrak, features such as superficial mycelium, macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, straight conidiophores, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical conidiogenous cells, and catenate, dry, simple, cylindrical, obclavate, often pale brown, smooth, multiseptat ... | 2007 | 18268910 |
| differential y-chromosome anatolian influences on the greek and cretan neolithic. | the earliest neolithic sites of europe are located in crete and mainland greece. a debate persists concerning whether these farmers originated in neighboring anatolia and the role of maritime colonization. to address these issues 171 samples were collected from areas near three known early neolithic settlements in greece together with 193 samples from crete. an analysis of y-chromosome haplogroups determined that the samples from the greek neolithic sites showed strong affinity to balkan data, w ... | 2008 | 18269686 |
| drought tolerance through overexpression of monoubiquitin in transgenic tobacco. | ubiquitin (ub) is present in all eukaryotic species examined. it is a multifunctional protein and one of its main known functions is to tag proteins for selective degradation by the 26s proteasome. in this study, ta-ub2, a cdna sequence containing a single ub repeat and a 3' non-coding region of a polyubiquitin gene, was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a pbi sense vector with ta-ub2 was constructed and transformed into tobacco ... | 2008 | 18280007 |
| animal performance and economic comparison of novel and toxic endophyte tall fescues to cool-season annuals. | increased costs of annual establishment of small grain pasture associated with fuel, machinery, and labor are eroding the profitability of stocker cattle enterprises. interest has therefore increased in development of cool-season perennial grasses that are persistent and high quality. this study occurred on 24 ha (divided into thirty 0.81-ha paddocks) located at the university of arkansas division of agriculture livestock and forestry branch station, near batesville. two tall fescue (festuca aru ... | 2008 | 18310498 |
| transcriptome analysis of grain development in hexaploid wheat. | hexaploid wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human nutrition. molecular understanding of the biology of the developing grain will assist the improvement of yield and quality traits for different environments. high quality transcriptomics is a powerful method to increase this understanding. | 2008 | 18325108 |
| development of abiotic stress tolerance via bzip-type transcription factor lip19 in common wheat. | cereal lip19 genes encoding bzip-type transcription factors are assumed to play a regulatory role in gene expression during the cold acclimation process. however, no direct evidence shows an association of lip19-type bzips with stress tolerance or activation of stress-responsive cor/lea genes. to understand the molecular basis of development of abiotic stress tolerance through the lip19 transcription factor, a wheat lip19 homologue, wlip19, was isolated and characterized. wlip19 expression was a ... | 2008 | 18326864 |
| biodegradation of direct red 5b, a textile dye by newly isolated comamonas sp. uvs. | soil samples collected from the vicinity of "manpasand textile industry", located near ichalkaranji, india were studied for screening and isolation of bacterial strains capable of degradation of textile dyes. a potential strain was selected on the basis of rapid dye degradation and later identified as comamonas sp. uvs. comamonas sp. uvs showed 100% decolorization of direct red 5b (dr5b) dye at 40 degrees c and ph 6.5. the maximum direct red 5b concentration decolorized was 1,100 mg/l in nutrien ... | 2008 | 18329800 |
| fertilizer-dependent efficiency of pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | acquisition of nutrients by plants is primarily dependent on root growth and bioavailability of nutrients in the rooting medium. most of the beneficial bacteria enhance root growth, but their effectiveness could be influenced by the nutrient status around the roots. in this study, two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc)-deaminase containing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), pseudomonas fluorescens and p. fluorescens biotype f were tested for their effect on growth, yield, and nutr ... | 2008 | 18340443 |
| purification, cloning and functional differences of a third fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-fehw3) from wheat (triticum aestivum). | a third fructan exohydrolase isoform (1-fehw3) was purified from wheat stems by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, cona affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. homogeneity of the preparation was indicated by the presence of a single band (70 kda) after sds-page. the enzyme hydrolyzed mainly beta2-1 linkages in fructans and was inhibited by sucrose. a cdna could be obtained after reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based strategies and screening of a cdna libr ... | 2008 | 18346083 |
| the adult plant rust resistance loci lr34/yr18 and lr46/yr29 are important determinants of partial resistance to powdery mildew in bread wheat line saar. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a major disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that can be controlled by resistance breeding. the cimmyt bread wheat line saar is known for its good level of partial and race non-specific resistance, and the aim of this study was to map qtls for resistance to powdery mildew in a population of 113 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between saar and the susceptible line avocet. the population was tested over 2 years in field trials ... | 2008 | 18347772 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of wheat calreticulin (crt) gene involved in drought-stressed responses. | calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed ca(2+)-binding protein in multicellular eukaryotes. crt plays a crucial role in many cellular processes including ca(2+) storage and release, protein synthesis, and molecular chaperone activity. to elucidate the function of crts in plant responses against drought, a main abiotic stress limiting cereal crop production worldwide, a full-length cdna encoding calreticulin protein namely tacrt was isolated from wheat (triticum aestiv ... | 2008 | 18349049 |
| characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: ii. in vitro storage of turkey semen and mobility phenotype affects the carbohydrate component of sperm membrane glycoconjugates. | the turkey sperm glycocalyx is known to contain residues of sialic acid, alpha-mannose/alpha-glucose, alpha- and beta-galactose, alpha-fucose, alpha- and beta-n-acetyl-galactosamine, monomers and dimers of n-acetyl-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-lactosamine. potential changes in these carbohydrates during in vitro semen storage at 4 degrees c were evaluated using males of both high- and low-sperm-mobility phenotypes. changes in carbohydrate residues were quantified by flow cytometry analysis using a ... | 2008 | 18359756 |
| udp-xylose-stimulated glucuronyltransferase activity in wheat microsomal membranes: characterization and role in glucurono(arabino)xylan biosynthesis. | microsomal membranes from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings cooperatively incorporated xylose (xyl), arabinose, and glucuronic acid residues from their corresponding uridine 5'-diphosphosugars into an ethanol-insoluble glucurono(arabino)xylan (gax)-like product. a glucuronyltransferase activity that is enhanced by the presence of udp-xyl was also identified in these microsomes. wheat glucuronyltransferase activity was optimal at ph 7 and required manganese ions, and several lines of ... | 2008 | 18359844 |