| octadecanoid-derived alteration of gene expression and the "oxylipin signature" in stressed barley leaves. implications for different signaling pathways. | stress-induced gene expression in barley (hordeum vulgare cv salome) leaves has been correlated with temporally changing levels of octadecanoids and jasmonates, quantified by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-single ion monitoring. application of sorbitol-induced stress led to a low and transient rise of jasmonic acid (ja), its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda), and the methyl esters jame and opdame, respectively, followed by a large increase in their levels. ja and jame peake ... | 2000 | 10806235 |
| the effect of application of micromycetes on plant growth, as well as soybean and barley yields. | the possibility of application of micromycetes (strains penicillium bilaiae pb14, aureobasidium pullulans ya05 and rhodotorula mucilaginosa yr07) to increase yields of soybean (glycine max cv almaty) and barley (hordeum vulgare cv arna) was estimated. it was shown that the most positive effect on germination energy and seed germination after seed treatment with liquid culture, supernatant and filtrate, is achieved at 1:5 dilution. in studying the influence of cell-associated and extracellular bi ... | 2015 | 26677462 |
| an unexpectedly lichenase-stable hexasaccharide from cereal, horsetail and lichen mixed-linkage β-glucans (mlgs): implications for mlg subunit distribution. | mixed-linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan (mlg) is a biologically and technologically important hemicellulose, known to occur in three widely separated lineages: the poales (including grasses and cereals), equisetum (fern-allies), and some lichens e.g. iceland moss (cetraria islandica). lichenase (e.c. 3.2.1.73) is widely assumed to hydrolyse all (1→4) bonds that immediately follow (1→3) bonds in mlg, generating predominantly the tetrasaccharide β-d-glcp-(1→4)-β-d-glcp-(1→4)-β-d-glcp-(1→3)-d-glc (g4g ... | 2013 | 24025426 |
| optimizing metabolic pathways by screening for feasible synthetic reactions. | reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks has resulted in models capable of reproducing experimentally observed biomass yield/growth rates and predicting the effect of alterations in metabolism for biotechnological applications. the existing studies rely on modifying the metabolic network of an investigated organism by removing or inserting reactions taken either from evolutionary similar organisms or from databases of biochemical reactions (e.g., kegg). a potential disadvantage of these ... | 2012 | 22575307 |
| [the effect of phospholipids on starch metabolism]. | the presence of phospholipids reduces the breakdown of amylose catalyzed by β-amylase, phosphorylase and α-amylase. the activities of the β-amylases of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) disminish to less than 10% of the activity in the control without the phospholipids. when the amylose was complexed with phospholipids the activity of the α-amylase of bacillus subtilis was reduced to about 25% of the control value. a similar effect was observed for the amylases of ze ... | 1976 | 24430907 |
| freezing of barley studied by infrared video thermography. | freezing of barley (hordeum vulgare), hordeum murinum, and holcus lanatus was studied using infrared video thermography. in the field, ice could enter h. lanatus leaves through hydathodes. in laboratory tests with barley, initially 0.4% of the leaf water froze, spreading in alternate strips of high and low freezing intensity longitudinally at 1 to 4 cm s(-1), and simultaneously spreading laterally at 0.3 cm s(-1). similar results were obtained in the field with h. lanatus. a distinct second, mor ... | 2001 | 11154332 |
| salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in plant disease resistance and hypersensitive cell death but is also implicated in hardening responses to abiotic stressors. cadmium (cd) exposure increased the free sa contents of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by a factor of about 2. cultivation of dry barley caryopses presoaked in sa-containing solution for only 6 h or single transient addition of sa at a 0.5 mm concentration to the hydroponics solution partially protected the seedlings from cd toxicity d ... | 2003 | 12746532 |
| a computational-based update on micrornas and their targets in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | many plant species have been investigated in the last years for the identification and characterization of the corresponding mirnas, nevertheless extensive studies are not yet available on barley (at the time of this writing). to extend and to update information on mirnas and their targets in barley and to identify candidate polymorphisms at mirna target sites, the features of previously known plant mirnas have been used to systematically search for barley mirna homologues and targets in the pub ... | 2010 | 20969764 |
| broadly conserved fungal effector bec1019 suppresses host cell death and enhances pathogen virulence in powdery mildew of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the interaction of barley, hordeum vulgare l., with the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a well-developed model to investigate resistance and susceptibility to obligate biotrophic pathogens. the 130-mb blumeria genome encodes approximately 540 predicted effectors that are hypothesized to suppress or induce host processes to promote colonization. blumeria effector candidate (bec)1019, a single-copy gene encoding a putative, secreted metalloprotease, is expressed in haustor ... | 2015 | 25938194 |
| the 'green revolution' dwarfing genes play a role in disease resistance in triticum aestivum and hordeum vulgare. | the green revolution dwarfing genes, rht-b1b and rht-d1b, encode mutant forms of della proteins and are present in most modern wheat varieties. della proteins have been implicated in the response to biotic stress in the model plant, arabidopsis thaliana. using defined wheat rht near-isogenic lines and barley sln1 gain of function (gof) and loss of function (lof) lines, the role of della in response to biotic stress was investigated in pathosystems representing contrasting trophic styles (biotrop ... | 2011 | 22090435 |
| an ac/ds-mediated gene trap system for functional genomics in barley. | gene trapping is a powerful tool for gene discovery and functional genomics in both animals and plants. upon insertion of the gene trap construct into an expressed gene, splice donor and acceptor sites facilitate the generation of transcriptional fusions between the flanking sequence and the reporter. consequently, detection of reporter gene expression allows the identification of genes based on their expression pattern. up to now rice is the only cereal crop for which gene trap approaches exist ... | 2009 | 19178688 |
| rflp mapping of baymv resistance gene rym3 in barley (hordeum vulgare). | the rym3 (formerly designated ym3) gene conferring resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) is effective against all strains of the virus but up to now has not been mapped to any chromosome. we performed a linkage analysis, using dna extracted from individually harvested mature leaves of 153 f(2) plants derived from a cross between baymv-resistant cv 'ishuku shirazu' carrying rym3 and susceptible cv 'ko a'. additionally, the f(3) lines derived from f(2) plants were grown in the baymv-inf ... | 1999 | 22665211 |
| seven members of the (1→3)-β-glucanase gene family in barley (hordeum vulgare) are clustered on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3hl). | members of the (1→3)-β-glucan glucanohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.39) gene family have been mapped on the barley genome using three doubled haploid populations and seven wheat-barley addition lines. specific probes or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were generated for the seven barley (1→3)-β-glucanase genes for which cdna or genomic clones are currently available. the seven genes are all located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3hl), and genes encoding isoenzymes gi, gii, giii, giv, gv and gvii ... | 1996 | 24166542 |
| a germin-like protein gene family functions as a complex quantitative trait locus conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. | plant disease resistance governed by quantitative trait loci (qtl) is predicted to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and long lasting. use of these qtl to improve crop species, however, is hindered because the genes contributing to the trait are not known. five disease resistance qtl that colocalized with defense response genes were accumulated by marker-aided selection to develop blast-resistant varieties. one advanced backcross line carrying the major-effect qtl on chromosome ... | 2009 | 19011003 |
| dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long-term tillage and cropping sequence. | information on the effect of long-term management on soil nutrients and chemical properties is scanty. we examined the 30-year effect of tillage frequency and cropping sequence combination on dryland soil olsen-p, k, ca, mg, na, so4-s, and zn concentrations, ph, electrical conductivity (ec), and cation exchange capacity (cec) at the 0-120 cm depth and annualized crop yield in the northern great plains, usa. treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (ntcw), spring til ... | 2015 | 26171303 |
| cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced thermotolerance by overexpressing in arabidopsis thaliana. | a full-length cdna clone (hvapx1) encoding a peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haruna-nijyo) leaves by differential display. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hvapx1 gene had 75.3% homology to that from the gossypium hirsutum glyoxysomal apx gene and 72.1% homology to that from the arabidopsis thaliana peroxisomal apx gene, apx3. southern blot analysis indicated that a single-copy gene in the barley genome encoded hvapx1. northern blot analy ... | 2001 | 11483357 |
| the effect of different promoter-sequences on transient expression of gus reporter gene in cultured barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cells. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) and the enhanced 35s (e35s) promoters fused with maize alcohol dehydrogenase (adh1) intron1 or maize shrunken locus (sh1) intronl along with maize adh1 and rice actin (act1) promoters fused to their respective first introns were tested for transient expression of the e.coli β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in cultured barley (hordeum vulgare l) cells. the plasmids, carrying the respective promoterintron combinations to drive the gus fused to nopaline syn ... | 1993 | 24196110 |
| transformation of the developing barley endosperm by particle bombardment. | delivery of dna into intact cells of the developing barley (hordeum vulgare l.) endosperm was performed with the biolistic particle gun. it is shown that the proximal 532 base pairs (bp) of the upstream region of a b1-hordein gene drive the expression of the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene (uida) in sub-aleurone and starchy-endosperm cells but not in cells devoid of starch, i.e. developing aleurone cells. the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus was active in all three cell types. this cell-spe ... | 1991 | 24186414 |
| transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene introduced into barley coleoptile cells by microinjection. | a β-glucuronidase gene was introduced directly into barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. kobinkatagi) coleoptile cells by microinjection and transient expression of the gene was examined. inner epidermis tissue of coleoptiles was excised and injected with plasmid dna, pbi221, carrying cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, β-glucuronidase gene, and a nopaline synthase polyadenylation region. histochemical assay for β-glucuronidase production showed positive enzyme activity only in coleoptile cells inj ... | 1990 | 24226937 |
| delivery of foreign genes to intact barley cells by high-velocity microprojectiles. | foreign dna was introduced through the cell walls of intact suspension culture cells of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by utilizing the particle acceleration approach. dna-coated microscopic tungsten particles were accelerated to velocities that permitted their penetration of intact cells. chimaeric constructs of β-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase ii under the control of the dual agrobacterium tr 1'2' promoter or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter served as reporter genes. three ... | 1989 | 24227026 |
| influence of bacterial n-acyl-homoserine lactones on growth parameters, pigments, antioxidative capacities and the xenobiotic phase ii detoxification enzymes in barley and yam bean. | bacteria are able to communicate with each other and sense their environment in a population density dependent mechanism known as quorum sensing (qs). n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) are the qs signaling compounds of gram-negative bacteria which are frequent colonizers of rhizospheres. while cross-kingdom signaling and ahl-dependent gene expression in plants has been confirmed, the responses of enzyme activities in the eukaryotic host upon ahls are unknown. since ahl are thought to be used as ... | 2015 | 25914699 |
| the interaction between cold and light controls the expression of the cold-regulated barley gene cor14b and the accumulation of the corresponding protein. | we report the expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cor (cold-regulated) gene cor14b (formerly pt59) and the accumulation of its chloroplast-localized protein product. a polyclonal antibody raised against the cor14b-encoded protein detected two chloroplast cor proteins: cor14a and cor14b. n-terminal sequencing of cor14a and expression of cor14b in arabidopsis plants showed that cor14a is not encoded by the cor14b sequence, but it shared homology with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wcs1 ... | 1999 | 9952464 |
| quantprime--a flexible tool for reliable high-throughput primer design for quantitative pcr. | medium- to large-scale expression profiling using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays are becoming increasingly important in genomics research. a major bottleneck in experiment preparation is the design of specific primer pairs, where researchers have to make several informed choices, often outside their area of expertise. using currently available primer design tools, several interactive decisions have to be made, resulting in lengthy design processes with varying qualities of ... | 2008 | 18976492 |
| structural and biochemical analysis of the hordeum vulgare l. hvgr-rbp1 protein, a glycine-rich rna-binding protein involved in the regulation of barley plant development and stress response. | the timing of whole-plant senescence influences important agricultural traits such as yield and grain protein content. post-transcriptional regulation by plant rna-binding proteins is essential for proper control of gene expression, development, and stress responses. here, we report the three-dimensional solution nmr structure and nucleic acid-binding properties of the barley glycine-rich rna-binding protein hvgr-rbp1, whose transcript has been identified as being >45-fold up-regulated in early- ... | 2014 | 25495582 |
| application of the kombucha 'tea fungus' for the enhancement of antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory properties of ten herbal teas. | ten herbal teas (acacia arabica, aegle marmelos flower, a. marmelos root bark, aerva lanata, asteracantha longifolia, cassia auriculata, hemidesmus indicus, hordeum vulgare, phyllanthus emblica, tinospora cordifolia) were fermented with the kombucha 'tea fungus'. the ph values of the fermented beverages ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 by day 7, while the titratable acidity ranged from 2.5 to 5.0g/ml (p<0.05). gallic acid had statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) in almost all the samples by day ... | 2016 | 26471559 |
| production of barley endoprotease b2 in pichia pastoris and its proteolytic activity against native and recombinant hordeins. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cysteine proteases are of fundamental biological importance during germination but may also have a large potential as commercial enzyme. barley cysteine endoprotease b2 (hvepb2) was expressed in pichia pastoris from a ppiczαa based construct encoding a hvepb2 c-terminal truncated version (hvepb2δc) and a proteolytic resistant his6 tag. maximum yield was obtained after 4 days of induction. recombinant hvepb2δc (r-hvepb2δc) was purified using a single step of ni(2+)-aff ... | 2014 | 24268446 |
| the arabidopsis protein shi represses gibberellin responses in arabidopsis and barley. | the current model of gibberellin (ga) signal transduction is based on a derepressible system and a number of candidate negative regulators have been identified in arabidopsis. we previously have reported the identification of the arabidopsis gene short internodes (shi) that causes suppression of ga responses when constitutively activated. in this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the shi gene is expressed in young organs, e.g. shoot apices and root tips. the model predicts a su ... | 2001 | 11706176 |
| transposon-mediated single-copy gene delivery leads to increased transgene expression stability in barley. | instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. based on maize transposable elements activator (ac) and dissociation (ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare var golden promise) plants, each carrying a single transgene copy at different locations. plants expressing ac transposase (actpase) were cros ... | 2001 | 11244115 |
| barley-derived β-glucans increases gut permeability, ex vivo epithelial cell binding to e. coli, and naive t-cell proportions in weanling pigs. | weaning in young animals is associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal infections. β-glucans exert numerous physiological effects, including altering immune function. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding barley (hordeum vulgare l.)-derived β-glucans on immune and intestinal function in weanling pigs (sus scrofa). thirty-one individually-housed dutch landrace pigs (21 d; initial bw, 6,298 ± 755 g) were weaned and fed a wheat-based diet (control) or a ... | 2012 | 22393029 |
| promoter analysis of the barley pht1;1 phosphate transporter gene identifies regions controlling root expression and responsiveness to phosphate deprivation. | previous studies have shown that the promoter from the barley (hordeum vulgare) phosphate transporter gene, hvpht1;1, activates high levels of expression in rice (oryza sativa) roots and that the expression level was induced by up to 4-fold in response to phosphorus (p) deprivation. to identify promoter regions controlling gene regulation specificities, successive promoter truncations were made and attached to reporter genes. promoters of between 856 and 1,400 nucleotides activated gene expressi ... | 2004 | 15542491 |
| the arabidopsis gamyb-like genes, myb33 and myb65, are microrna-regulated genes that redundantly facilitate anther development. | the functions of the vast majority of genes encoding r2r3 myb domain proteins remain unknown. the closely related myb33 and myb65 genes of arabidopsis thaliana have high sequence similarity to the barley (hordeum vulgare) gamyb gene. t-dna insertional mutants were isolated for both genes, and a myb33 myb65 double mutant was defective in anther development. in myb33 myb65 anthers, the tapetum undergoes hypertrophy at the pollen mother cell stage, resulting in premeiotic abortion of pollen develop ... | 2005 | 15722475 |
| rice plastidial n-glycosylated nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase is transported from the er-golgi to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. | a nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (npp) activity that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of adp-glucose (adpg) has been shown to occur in the plastidial compartment of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. to learn more about this enzyme, we purified two npps from rice (oryza sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings. both enzymes are glycosylated, since they bind to concanavalin a, stain with periodic acid-schiff reagent, and are digested by endo-h. a complete rice npp cdna, d ... | 2006 | 17028208 |
| barley genomics: an overview. | barley (hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the near east, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for triticeae research. recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of est sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation tec ... | 2008 | 18382615 |
| a barley cellulose synthase-like cslh gene mediates (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan synthesis in transgenic arabidopsis. | the walls of grasses and related members of the poales are characterized by the presence of the polysaccharide (1,3, 1,4)-beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan). to date, only members of the grass-specific cellulose synthase-like f (cslf) gene family have been implicated in its synthesis. assuming that other grass-specific csl genes also might encode synthases for this polysaccharide, we cloned hvcslh1, a cslh gene from barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and expressed an epitope-tagged version of the cdna in ara ... | 2009 | 19321749 |
| molecular and functional characterization of pebp genes in barley reveal the diversification of their roles in flowering. | five barley (hordeum vulgare) pebp (for phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) genes were analyzed to clarify their functional roles in flowering using transgenic, expression, and quantitative trait locus analyses. introduction of hvtfl1 and hvmft1 into rice (oryza sativa) plants did not result in any changes in flowering, suggesting that these two genes have functions distinct from flowering. overexpression of hvft1, hvft2, and hvft3 in rice resulted in early heading, indicating that these f ... | 2009 | 19168644 |
| native isolate of trichoderma: a biocontrol agent with unique stress tolerance properties. | species of trichoderma are widely recognized for their biocontrol abilities, but seldom studied collectively, for their plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance and bioremediation properties. our study is a concentrated effort to establish the potential of native isolate trichoderma harzianum ksnm (t103) to tolerate biotic (root pathogens) and abiotic stresses [high salt (100-1000 mm); heavy metal (chromium, nickel and zinc: 1-10 mm); pesticides: malathion (100-600 ppm), carbofuran (100- ... | 2016 | 27339311 |
| selection of transformation-efficient barley genotypes based on tfa (transformation amenability) haplotype and higher resolution mapping of the tfa loci. | the genetic substitution of transformation amenability alleles from 'golden promise' can facilitate the development of transformation-efficient lines from recalcitrant barley cultivars. barley (hordeum vulgare) cv. 'golden promise' is one of the most useful and well-studied cultivars for genetic manipulation. in a previous report, we identified several transformation amenability (tfa) loci responsible for agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the f2 generation of immature embryos, derived ... | 2017 | 28204911 |
| barley (hordeum vulgare l.) transformation using immature embryos. | barley is a major crop species, and also has become a genetic model for the small grain temperate cereals. a draft barley genome sequence has recently been completed, opening many opportunities for candidate gene isolation and functionality testing. thanks to the development of customizable endonucleases, also site-directed genome modification recently became feasible for higher plants, which marks the beginning of a new era of genetic engineering. the development of improved binary vectors and ... | 2015 | 25300832 |
| overexpression of cytokinin dehydrogenase genes in barley (hordeum vulgare cv. golden promise) fundamentally affects morphology and fertility. | barley is one of the most important cereal crops grown worldwide. it has numerous applications, but its utility could potentially be extended by genetically manipulating its hormonal balances. to explore some of this potential we identified gene families of cytokinin dehydrogenases (ckx) and isopentenyl transferases, enzymes that respectively irreversibly degrade and synthesize cytokinin (ck) plant hormones, in the raw sequenced barley genome. we then examined their spatial and temporal expressi ... | 2013 | 24260147 |
| transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of in vitro cultured ovules. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro cultured barley ovules is an attractive alternative to well-established barley transformation methods of immature embryos. the ovule culture system can be used for transformation with and without selection and has successfully been used to transform cultivars other than golden promise indicating minor genotype dependency. the method allows for the rapid and direct generation of high-quality transgenic plants where the transgenes are stably expres ... | 2012 | 22351006 |
| suitability of small grains as hosts of meloidogyne species. | seven cultivars of wheat, five of oat, one of rye, and four of barley were tested as hosts for meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, or m. arenaria under greenhouse conditions where soil temperature ranged from 21 to 34 c. reproduction rates of all nematode species were high on all cultivars, except m. javanica and m. arenaria on 'brooks' and 'florida 501' oat. meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica produced more eggs on roots of 'rutgers' tomato than on cultivars of wheat, oat, rye, or barley. | 1989 | 19287666 |
| effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility in non-heat-treated and heat-treated wheat-barley pig diets. | the objective was to evaluate effects of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p in a non-heat-treated and a heat-treated wheat (triticum aestivum)-barley (hordeum vulgare) diet fed without inorganic p in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. the basal diet was ground and half of the batch was steam pelleted at 81°c and crumbled. phytase was added at 0, 250, and 500 phytase units (ftu)/kg as-fed (aspergillus niger). the study comprised 36 pigs from 6 litters. pigs were house ... | 2012 | 23365331 |
| rapid production of recombinant barley yellow mosaic virus resistant hordeum vulgare lines by anther culture. | in a winter barley breeding program for barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) resistance, the resistant six-rowed cv. franka was crossed to 17 susceptible and two resistant cultivars, three of which were tworowed. a total of 233,445 anthers of the 19 hybrids and their parents were cultured and 831 green plants regenerated. anther culture responsiveness varied greatly between genotypes, and the responsiveness of f1hybrids was generally related to that of the more responsive (high) parent. on average ... | 1984 | 24258661 |
| a new proteinaceous pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) identified in ascomycete fungi induces cell death in solanaceae. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are detected by plant pattern recognition receptors (prrs), which gives rise to pamp-triggered immunity (pti). we characterized a novel fungal pamp, cell death inducing 1 (rccdi1), identified in the rhynchosporium commune transcriptome sampled at an early stage of barley (hordeum vulgare) infection. the ability of rccdi1 and its homologues from different fungal species to induce cell death in nicotiana benthamiana was tested following agroinfiltrati ... | 2017 | 28386988 |
| oat (avena sativa) seed extract as an antifungal food preservative through the catalytic activity of a highly abundant class i chitinase. | extracts from different higher plants were screened for the ability to inhibit the growth of penicillium roqueforti, a major contaminating species in industrial food processing. oat (avena sativa) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of antifungal activity and could be used directly on rye bread to prevent the formation of p. roqueforti colonies. proteins in the oat seed extracts were fractionated by column chromatography and proteins in fractions containing antifungal activity were identified ... | 2010 | 19224400 |
| utilizing virus-induced gene silencing for the functional characterization of maize genes during infection with the fungal pathogen ustilago maydis. | while in dicotyledonous plants virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is well established to study plant-pathogen interaction, in monocots only few examples of efficient vigs have been reported so far. one of the available systems is based on the brome mosaic virus (bmv) which allows gene silencing in different cereals including barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays).infection of maize plants by the corn smut fungus ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large ... | 2013 | 23386294 |
| paradox of plant growth promotion potential of rhizobacteria and their actual promotion effect on growth of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) under salt stress. | from the rhizosphere of two salt tolerant plant species, hordeum secalinum and plantago winteri growing in a naturally salt meadow, 100 strains were isolation on enrichment media for various plant growth-promoting (pgp) functions (acc deaminase activity, auxin synthesis, calcium phosphate mobilization and nitrogen fixation). based on the taxonomic affiliation of the isolated bacteria and their enrichment medium 22 isolates were selected to test their growth promotion effect on the crop barley (h ... | 2015 | 26640049 |
| expression and characterization of a cytosolic glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase isoform from barley (hordeum vulgare) roots. | in plant cells, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh-ec 1.1.1.49) regulates the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oppp), a metabolic route involved in the production of nadph for various biosynthetic processes and stress response. in this study, we report the overexpression of a cytosolic g6pdh isoform from barley (hordeum vulgare) roots in bacteria, and the biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzyme (hvcy-g6pdh). a full-length cdna coding for a cytosolic isoform of g ... | 2015 | 25888782 |
| the fungal core effector pep1 is conserved across smuts of dicots and monocots. | the secreted fungal effector pep1 is essential for penetration of the host epidermis and establishment of biotrophy in the ustilago maydis-maize pathosystem. previously, pep1 was found to be an inhibitor of apoplastic plant peroxidases, which suppresses the oxidative burst, a primary immune response of the host plant and enables fungal colonization. to investigate the conservation of pep1 in other pathogens, genomes of related smut species were screened for pep1 orthologues. pep1 proteins were p ... | 2015 | 25628012 |
| inducing the oxidative stress response in escherichia coli improves the quality of a recombinant protein: magnesium chelatase chlh. | the ∼150kda chlh subunit of magnesium chelatase from oryza sativa, hordeum vulgare and chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been heterologously expressed in escherichiacoli. the active soluble protein is found as both a multimeric and a monomeric form. the multimeric chlh appears to be oxidatively damaged but monomer production is favoured in growth conditions that are known to cause an oxidative stress response in e.coli. inducing an oxidative stress response may be of general utility to improve the ... | 2014 | 24931499 |
| proteome-based analysis of colloidal instability enables the detection of haze-active proteins in beer. | colloidal haze is a serious quality defect of bright beers that considerably reduces their shelf life and is thought to be triggered by hordeins, a class of proline-rich barley proteins. in this work, the proteomes of fresh and old beers were investigated in bottled pilsners and compared to the protein inventory of haze to identify specific haze-active proteins. haze isolates dissolved in rehydration buffer contained high concentrations of proteins and sugars but provided protein gels with weak ... | 2016 | 27515584 |
| overexpression, purification and enzymatic characterization of a recombinant plastidial glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. nure) roots. | in plant cells, the plastidial glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (p2-g6pdh, ec 1.1.1.49) represents one of the most important sources of nadph. however, previous studies revealed that both native and recombinant purified p2-g6pdhs show a great instability and a rapid loss of catalytic activity. therefore it has been difficult to describe accurately the catalytic and physico-chemical properties of these isoforms. the plastidial g6pdh encoding sequence from barley roots (hordeum vulgare cv. nure), ... | 2013 | 24161756 |
| ¹h, ¹³c, ¹⁵n backbone and side chain nmr resonance assignments for the n-terminal rna recognition motif of the hvgr-rbp1 protein involved in the regulation of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) senescence. | leaf senescence is an important process in the developmental life of all plant species. senescence efficiency influences important agricultural traits such as grain protein content and plant growth, which are often limited by nitrogen use. little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating this highly orchestrated process. to enhance our understanding of leaf senescence and its regulation, we have undertaken the structural and functional characterization of previously unknown proteins tha ... | 2014 | 23417794 |
| sequence diversification in recessive alleles of two host factor genes suggests adaptive selection for bymovirus resistance in cultivated barley from east asia. | two distinct patterns of sequence diversity for the recessive alleles of two host factors hvpdil5 - 1 and hveif4e indicated the adaptive selection for bymovirus resistance in cultivated barley from east asia. plant pathogens are constantly challenging plant fitness and driving resistance gene evolution in host species. little is known about the evolution of sequence diversity in host recessive resistance genes that interact with plant viruses. here, by combining previously published and newly ge ... | 2017 | 27830284 |
| genomics-based high-resolution mapping of the bammv/baymv resistance gene rym11 in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | soil-borne barley yellow mosaic virus disease, caused by different strains of barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) and barley mild mosaic virus (bammv), is one of the most important diseases of winter barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in europe and east asia. the recessive resistance gene rym11 located in the centromeric region of chromosome 4hl is effective against all so far known strains of bammv and baymv in germany. in order to isolate this gene, a high-resolution mapping population (10,204 meiotic ... | 2013 | 23456135 |
| the wheat mediator subunit tamed25 interacts with the transcription factor taeil1 to negatively regulate disease resistance against powdery mildew. | powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major limitation for the production of bread wheat (triticum aestivum). however, to date, the transcriptional regulation of bread wheat defense against powdery mildew remains largely unknown. here, we report the function and molecular mechanism of the bread wheat mediator subunit 25 (tamed25) in regulating the bread wheat immune response signaling pathway. three homoalleles of tamed25 from bread wheat ... | 2016 | 26813794 |
| mla- and rom1-mediated control of microrna398 and chloroplast copper/zinc superoxide dismutase regulates cell death in response to the barley powdery mildew fungus. | • barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mildew resistance locus a (mla) confers allele-specific interactions with natural variants of the ascomycete fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. significant reprogramming of mla-mediated gene expression occurs upon infection by this obligate biotrophic pathogen. • we utilized a proteomics-based approach, combined with barley mla, required for mla12 resistance1 (rar1), and restoration of mla resistance1 (rom1) mut ... | 2014 | 24246006 |
| genome-wide association mapping in winter barley for grain yield and culm cell wall polymer content using the high-throughput compp technique. | a collection of 112 winter barley varieties (hordeum vulgare l.) was grown in the field for two years (2008/09 and 2009/10) in northern italy and grain and straw yields recorded. in the first year of the trial, a severe attack of barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) strongly influenced final performances with an average reduction of ~ 50% for grain and straw harvested in comparison to the second year. the genetic determination (gd) for grain yield was 0.49 and 0.70, for the two years respectively, ... | 2017 | 28301509 |
| regulation of the wheat map kinase phosphatase 1 by 14-3-3 proteins. | plant map kinase phosphatases (mkps) are major regulators of mapk signaling pathways and play crucial roles in controlling growth, development and stress responses. the presence of several functional domains in plant mkps such as a dual specificity phosphatase catalytic domain, gelsolin, calmodulin-binding and serine-rich domains, suggests that mkps can interact with distinct cellular partners, others than mapks. in this report, we identified a canonical mode i 14-3-3-binding motif (574klpslp579 ... | 2017 | 28224917 |
| overexpression of a barley aquaporin gene, hvpip2;5 confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in yeast and plants. | we characterized an aquaporin gene hvpip2;5 from hordeum vulgare and investigated its physiological roles in heterologous expression systems, yeast and arabidopsis, under high salt and high osmotic stress conditions. in yeast, the expression of hvpip2;5 enhanced abiotic stress tolerance under high salt and high osmotic conditions. arabidopsis plants overexpressing hvpip2;5 also showed better stress tolerance in germination and root growth under high salt and high osmotic stresses than the wild t ... | 2016 | 27818670 |
| the hvnramp5 transporter mediates uptake of cadmium and manganese, but not iron. | the natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) represents a transporter family for metal ions in all organisms. here, we functionally characterized a member of nramp family in barley (hordeum vulgare), hvnramp5. this member showed different expression patterns, transport substrate specificity, and cellular localization from its close homolog in rice (oryza sativa), osnramp5, although hvnramp5 was also localized to the plasma membrane. hvnramp5 was mainly expressed in the roots and ... | 2016 | 27621428 |
| dna binding sites recognised in vitro by a knotted class 1 homeodomain protein encoded by the hooded gene, k, in barley (hordeum vulgare). | the homeodomain of the knotted classes of transcription factors from plants differs from the well characterized antp/en type homeodomains from drosophila at key amino acid residues contributing to the dna binding. a cdna, hvh21, derived from the hooded gene and encoding a full length homolog of knotted1 from maize was isolated from barley seedlings and expressed as a maltose binding protein fusion in e. coli. the purified hvh21-fusion protein selected dna fragments with 1-3 copies of the sequenc ... | 1997 | 9180261 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves. | a cdna clone, blpl14, corresponding to the large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), has been isolated from a cdna library prepared from leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). an open reading frame encodes a protein of 503 aa, with a calculated molecular weight of 54815. the derived aa sequence contains a putative transit peptide sequence, required for targeting to plastids, and has a highly conserved positioning of critical lys residues that are believed to be involved in effecto ... | 1997 | 9161415 |
| pattern of expression of meristem-specific cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | deoxyribonucleic-acid sequences expressed at high levels in meristematic tissues of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) have been cloned by differential hybridization. five out of the seven cdna clones studied showed homologies to histone genes h2a (two clones), h2b, h3 and h4. their patterns of expression, as studied by rna and in-situ hybridization, were typical for genes transcribed during cell division. a sixth cdna clone, sab2, had a 65.7% identity (on a protein basis) to l2-like ribosomal proteins ... | 1992 | 24186662 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from cdna library of fusarium culmorum infected barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots. | fusarium culmorum is one of the most common and globally important causal agent of root and crown rot diseases of cereals. these diseases cause grain yield loss and reduced grain quality in barley. in this study, we have analyzed an expressed sequence tag (est) database derived from f. culmorum infected barley root tissues available at the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). the 2294 sequences were assembled into 1619 non-redundant sequences consisting of 359 contigs and 1260 s ... | 2015 | 25780278 |
| uptake of lucifer yellow ch into intact barley roots: evidence for fluid-phase endocytosis. | intact barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots have been shown to take up the highly fluorescent dye lucifer yellow ch (lych) into their cell vacuoles. in the apical 1 cm of root tip, differentiating and dividing cells showed a prolific uptake of lych into their provacuoles. the lych was retained during fixation, apparently becoming bound to electron-dense material in the vacuoles. the dye freely entered the apoplast of roots in which the casparian band was not developed, being taken up into the vacuo ... | 1988 | 24220951 |
| the mutualistic fungus piriformospora indica protects barley roots from a loss of antioxidant capacity caused by the necrotrophic pathogen fusarium culmorum. | fusarium culmorum causes root rot in barley (hordeum vulgare), resulting in severely reduced plant growth and yield. pretreatment of roots with chlamydospores of the mutualistic root-colonizing basidiomycete piriformospora indica (subdivision agaricomycotina) prevented necrotization of root tissues and plant growth retardation commonly associated with fusarium root rot. quantification of fusarium infections with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay revealed a correlation between root rot ... | 2013 | 23405867 |
| effect of a fungal infection on the profile of volatile organic compounds emitted by plant roots. | it is known since few years that the aerial and underground parts of the plants emit volatile organic compounds (vocs) that can interact with other organisms of the environment. they are involved in the attraction of seed dispersers and pollinators, the repellence of enemies via direct or indirect mechanisms and the induction of defence systems in other parts of the same plant or in other plants in the vicinity (dudareva et al., 2006). it has been shown previously that the vocs spectrum emitted ... | 2012 | 23878966 |
| fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the industrial use of barley grain has experienced continuous growth, mainly due to its economic importance for malt production. from a technological perspective, fungal persistence can reduce product marketability and cause economic losses. in this sense, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence and identification of mycoflora and the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don) and fumonisins (fbs) in malting barley. the samples presented a low count of fungal colonies, with values ran ... | 2015 | 25977017 |
| the dynamics of cereal cyst nematode infection differ between susceptible and resistant barley cultivars and lead to changes in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan levels and hvcslf gene transcript abundance. | heterodera avenae (cereal cyst nematode, ccn) infects the roots of barley (hordeum vulgare) forming syncytial feeding sites. in resistant host plants, relatively few females develop to maturity. little is known about the physiological and biochemical changes induced during ccn infection. responses to ccn infection were investigated in resistant (rha2) and susceptible barley cultivars through histological, compositional and transcriptional analysis. two phases were identified that influence ccn v ... | 2015 | 25737227 |
| complete genome sequence of luteibacter rhizovicinus strain lj96t, isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in denmark. | we present the complete genome sequence of luteibacter rhizovicinus type strain lj96t, a yellow-pigmented gammaproteobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare) johansen et al. (2005) , a species with numerous potential applications. the genome sequence was deposited to ncbi genbank with the accession number cp017480. | 2017 | 28123952 |
| luteibacter rhizovicinus mimr1 promotes root development in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) under laboratory conditions. | in order to preserve environmental quality, alternative strategies to chemical-intensive agriculture are strongly needed. in this study, we characterized in vitro the potential plant growth promoting (pgp) properties of a gamma-proteobacterium, named mimr1, originally isolated from apple shoots in micropropagation. the analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence allowed the taxonomic identification of mimr1 as luteibacter rhizovicinus. the pgp properties of mimr1 were compared to pseudomonas chlorora ... | 2013 | 23653264 |
| influence of temperature and host plant on the interaction between pratylenchus neglectus and meloidogyne chitwoodi. | the interaction between pratylenchus neglectus (pn) and meloidogyne chitwoodi (mc) was investigated at soil temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 c on barley and potato. maximum numbers of pn and mc penetrated barley roots at 20 c, whereas a minimum number penetrated at 15 c. pratylenchus neglectus restricted root penetration by mc over time and vice-versa. population densities of each species increased with increasing temperature. concomitant inoculation of the two species resulted in lower numbers of ... | 1994 | 19279870 |
| root-knot nematode management in dryland taro with tropical cover crops. | twenty-two cover crops were evaluated for their ability to reduce damage by root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, to taro, colocastia esculenta, in a tropical cropping system. cover crops were grown and incorporated into the soil before taro was planted. barley, greenpanic, glycine, marigold, sesame, sunn hemp, and sorghum x sudangrass dekalb st6e were poor or nonhosts to the nematode as measured by low population changes of nematodes in soil between cover crop planting and taro planting. al ... | 1997 | 19274275 |
| endophytic colonization of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia reveals plant growth promotion and a general defense and stress transcriptomic response. | plant crop yields are negatively conditioned by a large set of biotic and abiotic factors. an alternative to mitigate these adverse effects is the use of fungal biological control agents and endophytes. the egg-parasitic fungus pochonia chlamydosporia has been traditionally studied because of its potential as a biological control agent of plant-parasitic nematodes. this fungus can also act as an endophyte in monocot and dicot plants, and has been shown to promote plant growth in different agrono ... | 2015 | 25982739 |
| identification of an h2 o2 permeable pip aquaporin in barley and a serine residue promoting h2 o2 transport. | a barley (hordeum vulgare) plasma membrane type aquaporin, hvpip2;5, was identified as an h2 o2 permeable aquaporin among 21 barley and rice pips examined in the heterologous expression system using saccharomyces cerevisiae. four tips were also detected as h2 o2 -transporting aquaporins among 15 barley and rice tips. influx of h2 o2 into yeast cells expressing hvpip2;5 was determined with a florescent-dye-based assay. indirect immunofluorescence indicated that the expression of hvpip2;5 protein ... | 2017 | 27595571 |
| barley plants over-expressing the nac transcription factor gene hvnac005 show stunting and delay in development combined with early senescence. | the plant-specific nac transcription factors have attracted particular attention because of their involvement in stress responses, senescence, and nutrient remobilization. the hvnac005 gene of barley encodes a protein belonging to subgroup nac-a6 of the nac family. this study shows that hvnac005 is associated with developmental senescence. it was significantly up-regulated following aba treatment, supported by aba-responsive elements in its promoter, but it was not up-regulated during dark-induc ... | 2016 | 27436280 |
| a developmental switch of gene expression in the barley seed mediated by hvvp1 (viviparous-1) and hvgamyb interactions. | the accumulation of storage compounds in the starchy endosperm of developing cereal seeds is highly regulated at the transcriptional level. these compounds, mainly starch and proteins, are hydrolyzed upon germination to allow seedling growth. the transcription factor hvgamyb is a master activator both in the maturation phase of seed development and upon germination, acting in combination with other transcription factors. however, the precise mechanism controlling the switch from maturation to ge ... | 2016 | 26858366 |
| a fermented barley and soybean formula enhances skin hydration. | skin hydration is one of the primary aims of beauty and anti-aging treatments. barley (hordeum vulgare) and soybean (glycine max) are major food crops, but can also be used as ingredients for the maintenance of skin health. we developed a natural product-based skin treatment using a barley and soybean formula (bs) incorporating yeast fermentation, and evaluated its skin hydration effects as a dietary supplement in a clinical study. participants ingested a placebo- (n = 33) or bs- (3 g/day) conta ... | 2015 | 26388675 |
| proteomics, peptidomics, and immunogenic potential of wheat beer (weissbier). | wheat beer is a traditional light-colored top-fermenting beer brewed with at least 50% malted (e.g., german weissbier) or unmalted (e.g., belgian witbier) wheat (triticum aestivum) as an adjunct to barley (hordeum vulgare) malt. for the first time, we explored the proteome of three weissbier samples, using both 2d electrophoresis (2de)-based and 2de-free strategies. overall, 58 different gene products arising from barley, wheat, and yeast (saccharomyces spp.) were identified in the protein fract ... | 2015 | 25793656 |
| functional characterisation of an intron retaining k(+) transporter of barley reveals intron-mediated alternate splicing. | intron retention in transcripts and the presence of 5' and 3' splice sites within these introns mediate alternate splicing, which is widely observed in animals and plants. here, functional characterisation of the k(+) transporter, hvhkt2;1, with stably retained introns from barley (hordeum vulgare) in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), and transcript profiling in yeast and transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) is presented. expression of intron-retaining hvhkt2;1 cdna (hvhkt2;1-i) in trk1, trk2 ... | 2015 | 25631371 |
| golgi localized barley mtp8 proteins facilitate mn transport. | many metabolic processes in plants are regulated by manganese (mn) but limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms controlling cellular mn homeostasis. in this study, a yeast assay was used to isolate and characterize two genes, mtp8.1 and mtp8.2, which encode membrane-bound proteins belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator (cdf) family in the cereal species barley (hordeum vulgare). transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that mtp8.1 and mtp8.2 proteins fused ... | 2014 | 25486417 |
| lcwrky5: an unknown function gene from sheepgrass improves drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | the expression of lcwrky5 was induced significantly by salinity, mannitol and cutting treatments. arabidopsis- overexpressing lcwrky5 greatly increased dehydration tolerance by regulating the expression of multiple stress-responsive genes. based on the data of sheepgrass 454 high-throughout sequencing and expression analysis results, a drought-induced gene lcwrky5 was isolated and cloned, and the biological role of the gene has not been reported until now. bioinformatics analysis showed that lcw ... | 2014 | 24913125 |
| the synaptonemal complex protein zyp1 is required for imposition of meiotic crossovers in barley. | in many cereal crops, meiotic crossovers predominantly occur toward the ends of chromosomes and 30 to 50% of genes rarely recombine. this limits the exploitation of genetic variation by plant breeding. previous reports demonstrate that chiasma frequency can be manipulated in plants by depletion of the synaptonemal complex protein zipper1 (zyp1) but conflict as to the direction of change, with fewer chiasmata reported in arabidopsis thaliana and more crossovers reported for rice (oryza sativa). h ... | 2014 | 24563202 |
| interaction between the growth-regulating factor and knotted1-like homeobox families of transcription factors. | knotted1-like homeobox (knox) genes are important regulators of meristem function, and a complex network of transcription factors ensures tight control of their expression. here, we show that members of the growth-regulating factor (grf) family act as players in this network. a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) one-hybrid screen with the upstream sequence of the knox gene oskn2 from rice (oryza sativa) resulted in isolation of osgrf3 and osgrf10. specific binding to a region in the untranslated l ... | 2014 | 24532604 |
| fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ... | 2013 | 24042571 |
| bioavailability of zinc from different sources in pigs. | in contrast to inorganic zn, organic zn sources are absorbed via peptide or aa transport systems resulting in a higher digestibility and availability. bioavailability of organically bound zn seems also to be influenced by the type of complex being used. forty-two gilts (large white × landrace) with initial bw of 24 ± 1.4 kg were allotted to 6 treatments of 7 pigs each. pigs were fed diets based on corn (zea mays), barley (hordeum vulgare), and soybean (glycine max) meal containing either low or ... | 2012 | 23365324 |
| phosphatase activity in barley proteins tightly bound to dna and its development-dependent changes. | the tightly bound proteins (tbps), a protein group that remains attached to dna either covalently or noncovalently after deproteinization, have been found in numerous eukaryotic species. some tbps isolated from mammalian and yeast cells possess phosphatase or kinase activity. the aim of this study was to characterize further tbps in barley (hordeum vulgare) cells. the spectra of tbps varied in different organs of barley shoots (first leaves, coleoptile, and roots) and at different developmental ... | 2012 | 22817469 |
| the barley est dna replication and repair database (best-drrd) as a tool for the identification of the genes involved in dna replication and repair. | the high level of conservation of genes that regulate dna replication and repair indicates that they may serve as a source of information on the origin and evolution of the species and makes them a reliable system for the identification of cross-species homologs. studies that had been conducted to date shed light on the processes of dna replication and repair in bacteria, yeast and mammals. however, there is still much to be learned about the process of dna damage repair in plants. | 2012 | 22697361 |
| barley metallothioneins: mt3 and mt4 are localized in the grain aleurone layer and show differential zinc binding. | metallothioneins (mts) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins believed to play a role in cytosolic zinc (zn) and copper (cu) homeostasis. however, evidence for the functional properties of mts has been hampered by methodological problems in the isolation and characterization of the proteins. here, we document that barley (hordeum vulgare) mt3 and mt4 proteins exist in planta and that they differ in tissue localization as well as in metal coordination chemistry. combined transcriptional ... | 2012 | 22582132 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 february 2012 - 31 march 2012. | this article documents the addition of 171 microsatellite marker loci and 27 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: bombus pauloensis, cephalorhynchus heavisidii, cercospora sojina, harpyhaliaetus coronatus, hordeum vulgare, lachnolaimus maximus, oceanodroma monteiroi, puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, rhea americana, salmo salar, salmo trutta, schistocephalus solidus, sousa p ... | 2012 | 22642264 |
| suppression of the powdery mildew pathogen by chitinase microinjected into barley coleoptile epidermal cells. | an exogenous chitinase from streptomyces griseus was introduced into coleoptile epidermal cells of barley (hordeum vulgare) by microinjection, and the effect of injected chitinase on the growth or development of the powdery mildew pathogen (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) was examined. prior to microinjection, an enzymatic degradation of fungal haustorium, the organ taking nutrients from host plant cells, was examined by treating fixed coleoptile epidermis harboring haustoria with this enzyme. ... | 1991 | 24221582 |
| differential accumulation of host mrnas on polyribosomes during obligate pathogen-plant interactions. | plant pathogens elicit dramatic changes in the expression of host genes during both compatible and incompatible interactions. gene expression profiling studies of plant-pathogen interactions have only considered messenger rnas (mrnas) present in total rna, which contains subpopulations of actively translated mrnas associated with polyribosomes (polysomes) and non-translated mrnas that are not associated with polysomes. the goal of this study was to enhance previous gene expression analyses by id ... | 2012 | 22660698 |
| polycistronic artificial mirna-mediated resistance to wheat dwarf virus in barley is highly efficient at low temperature. | infection of wheat dwarf virus (wdv) strains on barley results in dwarf disease, imposing severe economic losses on crop production. as the natural resistance resources against this virus are limited, it is imperative to elaborate a biotechnological approach that will provide effective and safe immunity to a wide range of wdv strains. because vector insect-mediated wdv infection occurs during cool periods in nature, it is important to identify a technology which is effective at lower temperature ... | 2016 | 26136043 |
| modification of non-vector aphid feeding behavior on virus-infected host plant. | virus-infected host plants can have positive, neutral or negative effects on vector aphids. even though the proportion of non-vector aphids associated with a plant far exceeds that of vector species, little is known about the effect of virus-infected plants on non-vector aphids. in the present study, the english grain aphid sitobion avenae (fabricius) (hemiptera: aphididae), a non-vector of wheat dwarf virus (wdv) and cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv (cydv-rpv), was monitored on, virus-infected, vi ... | 2013 | 23902296 |
| agrobacterium - and microprojectile - mediated viral dna delivery into barley microspore-derived cultures. | anther cultures of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. "igri") were used as targets for agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer and direct dna uptake by particle bombardment. a wheat dwarf virus construct which can replicate to a high copy number in cereal cells provided a sensitive marker for successful dna delivery. although dna delivery was achieved using both procedures, particle bombardment gave more reproducible and higher levels of infection. the ability to deliver dna into cereal cells which hav ... | 1990 | 24232785 |
| host genotype is an important determinant of the cereal phyllosphere mycobiome. | the phyllosphere mycobiome in cereals is an important determinant of crop health. however, an understanding of the factors shaping this community is lacking. fungal diversity in leaves from a range of cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), winter and spring barley (hordeum vulgare) and a smaller number of samples from oat (avena sativa), rye (secale cereale) and triticale (triticum × secale) was studied using next-generation sequencing. the effects of host genotype, fungicide treatment a ... | 2015 | 25898906 |
| genetic analysis and molecular mapping of crown rust resistance in common wheat. | this is the first report on genetic analysis and genome mapping of major dominant genes for near non-host resistance to barley crown rust ( puccinia coronata var. hordei ) in common wheat. barley crown rust, caused by puccinia coronata var. hordei, primarily occurs on barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in the great plain regions of the united states. however, a few genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were susceptible to this pathogen among 750 wheat accessions evaluated. to investigate the ... | 2014 | 24306320 |
| increased yield stability of field-grown winter barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varietal mixtures through ecological processes. | crop variety mixtures have the potential to increase yield stability in highly variable and unpredictable environments, yet knowledge of the specific mechanisms underlying enhanced yield stability has been limited. ecological processes in genetically diverse crops were investigated by conducting field trials with winter barley varieties (hordeum vulgare), grown as monocultures or as three-way mixtures in fungicide treated and untreated plots at three sites. mixtures achieved yields comparable to ... | 2016 | 27375312 |
| haplotype divergence and multiple candidate genes at rphq2, a partial resistance qtl of barley to puccinia hordei. | rphq2, a minor gene for partial resistance to puccinia hordei , was physically mapped in a 188 kbp introgression with suppressed recombination between haplotypes of rphq2 and rphq2 barley cultivars. | 2016 | 26542283 |