| production and characterization of maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids derived from an oat-maize addition line. | in maize (zea mays l., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat ... | 2000 | 10978296 |
| evidence of active nadp(+) phosphatase in dormant seeds of avena sativa l. | freshly-harvested seeds of avena sativa l. do not germinate when imbibed at temperatures higher than 25 degrees c. this high temperature dormancy is due to the seed coats, and to the low activities of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (opp) in the embryo. the analysis by exclusion chromatography of soluble nadp(+) phosphatase activities of embryos revealed two isoforms: a 37 kda isoform present in both dormant and after-ripened caryopses, and a second isoform, with an appare ... | 2000 | 10944152 |
| photochemical and mutational analysis of the fmn-binding domains of the plant blue light receptor, phototropin. | the plant photoreceptor phototropin is an autophosphorylating serine-threonine protein kinase activated by uv-a/blue light. two domains, lov1 and lov2, members of the pas domain superfamily, mediate light sensing by phototropin. heterologous expression studies have shown that both domains function as fmn-binding sites. although three plant blue light photoreceptors, cry1, cry2, and phototropin, have been identified to date, the photochemical reactions underlying photoactivation of these light se ... | 2000 | 10924135 |
| high frequency of cytogenetic aberration in transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) plants. | cytological abnormalities were observed in transgenic oat (avena sativa l. cv. gaf/park-1) produced by microprojectile bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. of the plants from 48 independent transgenic lines examined, plants from only 20 lines (42%) were karyotypically normal (2n=6x=42) without detectable chromosomal aberrations; plants from 28 lines (58%) had chromosomal variation, i.e. aneuploids and structural changes. no significant difference in cytological aberrat ... | 2000 | 10908808 |
| complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes. | the recovery of maize (zea mays l.) chromosome addition lines of oat (avena sativa l.) from oat x maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of individual maize chromosomes via the isolation and characterization of chromosome-specific cosmid clones. restriction fragment fingerprinting, sequencing, and in situ hybridization were applied to discover a new family of knob associated tandem repeats, the tr1, which are capable of forming fold-back dna segments, as well as a new ... | 2015 | 10857197 |
| thermal effect of co(2) on apoplastic ice in rye and oat during freezing. | meristematic tissues from rye (secale cereale) and oat (avena sativa) were studied in an isothermal calorimeter at -3 degrees c. when the frozen tissue was placed in the calorimeter, the pressure increased within 4 d to 25 and 9 kpa above ambient pressure in the sample vessels containing crowns of rye and oat, respectively. concurrently, the thermal output went down to -194 microw in rye over the 4-d period; this negative thermal activity could be accounted for by ice melting in the plants. when ... | 2000 | 10712550 |
| chromosomal localization of cotransformed transgenes in the hexaploid cultivated oat avena sativa l. using fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to localize two transgenes (gus and bar), carried on plasmids pact-1f and puba, respectively, on mitotic metaphase squashes of t1 plants of the cultivated hexaploid oat avena sativa l. cotransformed by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus. among the eight progeny analysed by fish in each of two lines, we detected plants null, hetero- and homozygous for the two genes in one line, and plants null and heterozygous for the two genes in ... | 2000 | 10692010 |
| antioxidant capacity of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts. 2. in vitro antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic and tocol antioxidants. | oat milling fractions were examined for concentrations of total phenolics, tocols, and phenolic acids and in vitro antioxidant activity to determine their potential as dietary antioxidants. methanolic extracts of pearling fractions, flour and aspirations from flaking, and trichomes had high, intermediate, and low antioxidant activities, respectively, evaluated by the beta-carotene bleaching method. pearling fractions were also highest in total phenolics and tocols. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanilli ... | 1999 | 10606549 |
| antioxidant capacity of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts. 1. inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. | milled oat groat pearlings, trichomes, flour, and bran were extracted with methanol and the fractions tested in vitro for antioxidant capacity against low-density lipoprotein (ldl) oxidation and r-phycoerythrin protein oxidation in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay. the oxidative reactions were generated by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hcl (aaph) or cu(2+) in the ldl assay and by aaph or cu(2+) + h(2)o(2) in the orac assay and calibrated against a trolox standard to calculate ... | 1999 | 10606548 |
| indole-3-acetic acid control on acidic oat cell wall peroxidases. | incubation of oat coleoptile segments with 40 µm indoleacetic acid (iaa) induced a decrease of 35-60% in peroxidase activity at the cell wall compartment. treatment with iaa also produced a similar decrease in the oxidation of nadh and iaa at the cell wall. isoelectric focusing of ionic, covalent, and intercellular wall peroxidase fractions showed that acidic isoforms (pi 4.0-5.5) were reduced preferentially by iaa treatment. marked differences were found between acidic and basic wall isoperoxid ... | 1999 | 10467016 |
| nucleotide sequence of oat (avena sativa l.) cdna encoding an auxin-binding protein (abp1). | we isolated and determined a nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone encoding a protein homologous to maize major auxin-binding protein (abp1) from a cdna library of oat coleoptiles. the deduced amino acid sequence of this clone contained an n-linked glycosylation signal and an er-retention signal. furthermore, two domains that were important to interact with auxins, were conserved in this clone at amino acid level. | 1998 | 10520452 |
| pigment-free nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from avena sativa l. purification and substrate specificity. | the enzyme nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (por) is the key enzyme for light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis. it accumulates in dark-grown plants as the ternary enzyme-substrate complex por-protochlorophyllide a-nadph. here, we describe a simple procedure for purification of pigment-free por from etioplasts of avena sativa seedlings. the procedure implies differential solubilization with n-octyl-beta-d-glucoside and one chromatographic step with deae-cellulose. we show, using pigment ... | 1999 | 10518779 |
| chromosomal organization of a sequence related to ltr-like elements of ty1-copia retrotransposons in avena species. | a repetitive sequence, pas17, was isolated from avena strigosa (as genome) and characterized. the insert was 646 bp in length and showed 54% at content. databank searches revealed its high homology to the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences of the specific family of ty1-copia retrotransposons represented by wis2-1a and bare. it was also found to be 70% identical to the ltr domain of the wis2-1a retroelement of wheat and 67% identical to the bare-1 retroelement of barley. southern hybridizations ... | 1999 | 10464792 |
| crop rotation impacts on potato protein. | the impact of nitrogen (n) fertilization on potato (solanum tuberosum l.) protein yield and nutritional quality is well documented but of little benefit to growers with limited access to fertilizer or capital (e.g. in lesser developed countries). this study was conducted 1) to evaluate the extent which crude protein yield in potatoes can be influenced by crop rotation with no n fertilizer and 2) to determine if crop rotation and minimal application of n fertilizer can meet the total protein yiel ... | 1998 | 10426115 |
| a photoperiod-insensitive barley line contains a light-labile phytochrome b | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a long-day plant whose flowering is enhanced when the photoperiod is supplemented with far-red light, and this promotion is mediated by phytochrome. a chemically mutagenized dwarf cultivar of barley was selected for early flowering time (barley maturity daylength response [bmdr]-1) and was made isogenic with the cultivar shabet (bmdr-8) by backcrossing. bmdr-1 was found to contain higher levels of both phytochrome a and phytochrome b in the dark on immunoblots with ... | 1999 | 10069841 |
| chromosome-specific molecular organization of maize (zea mays l.) centromeric regions. | a set of oat-maize chromosome addition lines with individual maize (zea mays l.) chromosomes present in plants with a complete oat (avena sativa l.) chromosome complement provides a unique opportunity to analyze the organization of centromeric regions of each maize chromosome. a dna sequence, mcs1a, described previously as a maize centromere-associated sequence, was used as a probe to isolate cosmid clones from a genomic library made of dna purified from a maize chromosome 9 addition line. analy ... | 1998 | 9789043 |
| genetics of alpha-amylases in hexaploid oat species. | the inheritance of alpha-amylases was studied in six f2 populations of hexaploid oats (avena sativa, a. byzantina, a. fatua, a. sterillis) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a total of 22 loci was identified and described. three main linkages of four or five loci each and an additional two pairs of linked loci were detected. it seems likely that the three main linkage groups represent homeologous chromosomes. matching of alpha-amylase profiles of hexaploid (aaccdd), tetraploid (aacc), and ... | 1998 | 9775349 |
| discrimination of the closely related a and d genomes of the hexaploid oat avena sativa l. | a satellite dna sequence, as120a, specific to the a-genome chromosomes in the hexaploid oat, avena sativa l., was isolated by subcloning a fragment with internal tandem repeats from a plasmid, pas120, that had been obtained from an avena strigosa (as genome) genomic library. southern and in situ hybridization showed that sequences with homology to sequences within pas120 were dispersed throughout the genome of diploid (a and c genomes), tetraploid (ac genomes), and hexaploid (acd genomes) avena ... | 1998 | 9770506 |
| transgenic dna integrated into the oat genome is frequently interspersed by host dna. | integration of transgenic dna into the plant genome was investigated in 13 transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment with one or two cotransformed plasmids. in all transformation events, the transgenic dna integrated into the plant genome consisted of intact transgene copies that were accompanied by multiple, rearranged, and/or truncated transgene fragments. all fragments of transgenic dna cosegregated, indicating that they were integrated at single gene l ... | 1998 | 9770447 |
| irregular patterns of transgene silencing in allohexaploid oat. | an irregular pattern of transgene silencing was revealed in expression and inheritance studies conducted over multiple generations following transgene introduction by microprojectile bombardment of allohexaploid cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). expression of two transgenes, bar and uida, delivered on the same plasmid was investigated in 23 transgenic oat lines. twenty-one transgenic lines, each derived from an independently selected transformed tissue culture, showed expression of both bar and ... | 1998 | 9747805 |
| complex structure of knob dna on maize chromosome 9. retrotransposon invasion into heterochromatin. | the recovery of maize (zea mays l.) chromosome addition lines of oat (avena sativa l.) from oat x maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of specific regions, such as knobs, of individual maize chromosomes. a dna hybridization blot panel of eight individual maize chromosome addition lines revealed that 180-bp repeats found in knobs are present in each of these maize chromosomes, but the copy number varies from approximately 100 to 25, 000. cosmid clones with knob dna se ... | 1998 | 9691055 |
| isolation and structure of a new galactolipid from oat seeds. | seeds of oat (avena sativa l.) were recently shown to contain significant quantities of a new hydroxy acid, (15 r)-hydroxy-(9z),(12z)-octadecadienoic acid (trivial name, avenoleic acid). in the present work, avenoleate was found to be mainly (63%) localized in the glycolipid fraction of oat seed lipids. fractionation of the glycolipids by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of a main molecular species which accounted for 20% o ... | 1998 | 9590622 |
| phosphoryl group exchange between atp and adp catalyzed by h+-atpase from oat roots. | atp-adp exchange was estimated in the presence of plasma membrane h+-atpase of oat (avena sativa) roots partially purified with triton x-100 by measuring [14c]atp formation from [14c]adp. most studies were done at 0[deg]c. at ph 6.0 the exchange showed: (a) mg2+ requirement with a biphasic response giving maximal activity at 152 [mu]m and (b) insensitivity to ionic strength, [na+], and [k+]. atp and adp dependence were analyzed with a model in which nucleotide-enzyme interactions are at rapid-ra ... | 1997 | 12223778 |
| aneuploid marker assignment in hexaploid oat with the c genome as a reference for determining remnant homoeology. | nullisomic lines of hexaploid oat avena sativa l. (2n = 6x - 2 = 40, aaccdd) cultivar sun ii were used to assign 134 dna sequences to 10 chromosome-associated syntenic groups. a limited set of ditelosomic lines allowed localization of subsets of these sequences to six chromosome arms. advantages of using such aneuploids in mapping are in the assignment of gene families, monomorphic rflp sequences, and oat linkage groups to chromosomes. the published hexaploid oat rflp linkage map has 38 linkage ... | 1997 | 9202416 |
| fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome: difference spectra of the intermediates of the photoreactions. | the photocycle of 124 kda phytochrome a from avena sativa was studied by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at low temperatures. difference spectra between the parent state pr and the intermediates of the pr-->pfr pathway, i.e. lumi-r, meta-ra, and meta-rc, and between pfr and the intermediates of the pfr-->pr pathway, lumi-f and meta-f, were obtained in 1h2o and 2h2o for the first time. each spectrum shows characteristic spectral features which allow a clear distinction between the differe ... | 1996 | 8718870 |
| cytological and molecular characterization of oat x maize partial hybrids. | in cereals, interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations (wide crosses) which yield karyotypically stable hybrid plants have been used as starting points to widen the genetic base of a crop and to construct stocks for genetic analysis. also, uniparental genome elimination in karyotypically unstable hybrids has been utilized for cereal haploid production. we have crossed hexaploid oat (2n=6x=42, avena sativa l.) and maize (2n=2x=20, zea mays l.) and recovered 90 progenies through embryo rescue. ... | 1996 | 24162209 |
| changes in blue-light-dependent protein phosphorylation during the early development of etiolated oat seedlings. | blue light induced the phosphorylation of a 116-kda plasma-membrane-associated protein in dark-grown seedlings from avena sativa l. the response was restricted to the phototropically sensitive tissue of the coleoptile tip. surprisingly, this protein showed different properties in membrane preparations from plants that were grown for 3 d than in those from 5-d-old seedlings. in contrast to the younger coleoptiles, in 5-d-old seedlings phosphorylation of the 116-kda protein depended strictly on th ... | 1996 | 11541069 |
| a calcium and free fatty acid-modulated protein kinase as putative effector of the fusicoccin 14-3-3 receptor. | a protein kinase that is activated by calcium and cis-unsaturated fatty acids has been characterized from oat (avena sativa l.) root plasma membranes. the kinase phosphorylates a synthetic peptide with a motif (-r-t-l-s-) that can be phosphorylated by both protein kinase c (pkc) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk)-type kinases. calphostin c and chelerythrine, two pkc inhibitors, completely inhibited the kinase activity with values of inhibitor concentration for 50% inhibition of 0.7 and ... | 1996 | 8754686 |
| suppression of gravitropic response of primary roots by submergence. | primary roots of six plant species were placed horizontally either in humid air or under water, and their growth and gravitropic responses were examined. in air, all the roots showed a normal gravitropic curvature. under water without aeration, roots of rice (oryza sativa l.), oat (avena sativa l.), azuki bean (vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi), and cress (lepidium sativum l.) curved downward at almost same rate as in air, whereas the curvature of roots of maize (zea mays l.) and pea (pisum sativu ... | 1996 | 11540722 |
| osmoregulation by oat coleoptile protoplasts (effect of auxin). | the effect of auxin on the physiology of protoplasts from growing oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles was investigated. protoplasts, isolated iso-osmotically from peeled oat coleoptile segments, were found to swell steadily over many hours. incubated in 1 mm cacl2, 10 mm kcl, 10 mm 2-(morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid/1,3-bis-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane, ph 6.5, and mannitol to 300 milliosmolal, protoplasts swelled 28.9% [plus or minus] 2.0 (standard error) after 6 h. addition of 10 [mu]m ... | 1996 | 12226237 |
| purification and characterization of an oat fructan exohydrolase that preferentially hydrolyzes beta-2,6-fructans. | oat (avena sativa cv fulghum) fructan hydrolase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity as determined by the presence of a single band (43 kd) on a silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. a mixture of beta-2,6-linked fructan (neokestin) isolated from oat was used as the substrate to purify fructan hydrolase. neokestin and small degree of polymerization f ... | 1996 | 8742337 |
| comparative mapping in grasses. oat relationships. | the development of rflp linkage maps in hexaploid and diploid oat allows us to study genetic relationships of these species at the dna level. in this report, we present the extension of a previously developed diploid oat map (avena atlantica x a. hirtula) and its molecular-genetic relationships with wheat, rice and maize. examination of 92-99% of the length of the oat genome map with probes common to triticeae species, rice or maize showed that 84, 79 and 71%, respectively, was conserved between ... | 1995 | 7500960 |
| fourier-transform resonance raman spectroscopy of intermediates of the phytochrome photocycle. | the parent states of the 124-kda phytochrome (phy a from avena sativa) and intermediates of its photocycle were studied by low-temperature fourier-transform resonance raman spectroscopy. spectra of the primary photoproducts i700 and lumi-f and of the thermal intermediate meta-f have been obtained for the first time. the spectra of the stable photochromic forms of photochrome, pr and pfr, presented in this work are significantly better in signal-to-noise ratio and resolution than previously publi ... | 1995 | 7654704 |
| the genomic identification of some monosomics of avena sativa l. cv. sun ii using genomic in situ hybridization. | genomic in situ hybridization using total genomic dna extracted from the c genome diploid species avena eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, genome cpcp) was used to identify monosomics (2n = 6x − 1 = 41) of the constituent genomes of the hexaploid cultivated oat a. sativa l. cv. sun ii (2n = 6x = 42, genomes aaccdd). the results demonstrate 3 ad/c and 6 c/ad chromosome translocations, indicate that five of the missing monosomics are derived from the c genome, and show that there are duplicates within ... | 1995 | 18470201 |
| characterization of a library from a single microdissected oat (avena sativa l.) chromosome. | a plasmid library of oat chromosome no21, the smallest chromosome of the complement, was constructed by microdissection and microcloning. the chromosome was deproteinized with proteinase k and digested with sau3a and linker adaptors were ligated to the dna fragments. from the single chromosome (less than 0.4 pg), 10 μg of dna was obtained after 2 rounds of pcr amplification. cloning experiments with the amplified dna produced as many as 500 000 recombinant clones from the single chromosome. t ... | 1995 | 18470198 |
| genomic clones encoding 11s globulins in oats (avena sativa l.). | we have isolated two complete genomic clones, glav1 and glav3, encoding 11s globulins (legumins) in oat. the structure of glav1 deviates from that of the typical legumin gene. this clone possesses an extra intron and an extra exon that is composed entirely of repeats of sequences found elsewhere in the clone. if this exon is functional, the protein encoded by glav1 will contain novel octapeptide and hendecapeptide repeats. the two glav clones show stronger and more extensive homology with one an ... | 1995 | 7672598 |
| inheritance and linkage relationships of seed peroxidase loci in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.). | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to investigate the inheritance and linkage relationships between anodal (pxa) and cathodal (pxc) seed peroxidases in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.). a total of 12 seed peroxidase loci (5 loci of pxa and 7 loci of pxc) were identified in three crosses. only two pxc loci (pxc5 and pxc7) were not linked to any peroxidase loci; the others were scored in three linkage groups. the order of the three loci assigned to one of the linkage groups was pxc1-p ... | 1995 | 18470183 |
| a molecular linkage map of cultivated oat. | a molecular linkage map of cultivated oat composed of 561 loci has been developed using 71 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between avena byzantina cv. kanota and a. sativa cv. ogle. the loci are mainly restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected by oat cdna clones from leaf, endosperm, and root tissue, as well as by barley leaf cdna clones. the loci form 38 linkage groups ranging in size from 0.0 to 122.1 cm (mean, 39 cm) and consist of 2-51 loci each (mean, 14). twenty-nine loci re ... | 1995 | 18470176 |
| mgatp-dependent transport of phytochelatins across the tonoplast of oat roots. | in cd-exposed oat (avena sativa) roots cd was found to be associated primarily with the phytochelatin ([gamma]-glutamylcysteinyl)3-glutamic acid [([gamma]ec)3g], with a peptide to cd ratio of 1:3 (cysteine to cd ratio of 1:1), even though both ([gamma]ec)2g and ([gamma]ec)3g were present in the roots. phytochelatins are known to accumulate in the vacuoles of plant cells on exposure to cd, but the mechanism is not clear. here we present evidence for the transport of the phytochelatins ([gamma]ec) ... | 1995 | 12228436 |
| efficient callus formation and plant regeneration from leaves of oats (avena sativa l.). | an efficient plant regeneration system from leaf-derived callus in 6 genotypes of avena sativa l. has been established. regenerable callus was induced in the basal 1-2 mm region of 2 to 5 day old seedlings. plants were regenerated from the regenerable callus and grown to maturity. the frequency of regenerable callus formation and plant regeneration was correlated with the position, developmental stage and genotype of the expiant. the regeneration capacity of the first one mm of the leaf basal re ... | 1995 | 24185340 |
| oat leaf base: tissue with an efficient regeneration capacity. | an efficient short term regeneration system using seedling derived oat (avena sativa) leaf tissue has been developed. callus derived from the leaf base showed a higher response of plant regeneration than callus initiated from mesocotyls and more mature parts of the leaves. a correlation between the nuclear dna content of the donor material, as analysed with flow cytometry, and its ability to form callus was observed. somatic embryogenesis was histologically recognised from callus derived from ti ... | 1995 | 24185332 |
| gibberellin-regulated expression in oat aleurone cells of two kinases that show homology to map kinase and a ribosomal protein kinase. | cdna fragments from ten different protein kinases expressed in avena sativa aleurone cells were amplified from mrna by rt-pcr with degenerate primers. these could be classified into five groups: aspk1-3 showed homology to the snf1-related protein kinases, aspk4-5 to a wheat aba up-regulated protein kinase, aspk6-8 to the ca-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinase family, aspk9 encoded a map kinase and aspk10 was closely related to a novel arabidopsis ribosomal protein kinase. ga caused ... | 1995 | 7766874 |
| hormonal and gravitropic specificity in the regulation of growth and cell wall synthesis in pulvini and internodes from shoots of avena sativa l. (oat). | segments can be cut from the peduncular-1 internode of oat (avena sativa l.) shoots so as to contain the graviresponsive leaf-sheath pulvinus and gibberellin-sensitive internodal tissue. incorporation of [14c]glucose was used to monitor cell wall synthesis in these two tissues as affected by gravistimulus, indoleacetic acid (iaa), gibberellic acid (ga3), and fusicoccin (fc). pulvinar cell wall synthesis was promoted by iaa and fc (both within about 1 h), as well as by gravistimulus (starting bet ... | 1995 | 11536686 |
| basis for changes in the auxin-sensitivity of avena sativa (oat) leaf-sheath pulvini during the gravitropic response. | during the gravitropic response, auxin-sensitivity of the lower flanks of leaf-sheath pulvini of avena sativa (oat) is at least 1000-fold higher than those of the upper flanks and non-gravistimulated pulvini. when the pulvini are treated with 1 mm ca2+, a 10-fold increase in auxin-sensitivity of the pulvini is observed. related to this difference in auxin-sensitivity, in vitro activation of the vanadate-sensitive h(-)-atpase by iaa was observed. results show that the activation of the h(+)-atpas ... | 1995 | 11538414 |
| the identification of random amplified polymorphic dna markers for daylength insensitivity in oat. | daylength insensitive accessions of avena sativa l. are being used to develop cultivars that will flower normally when grown under short or long photoperiods. field data indicate that the insensitivity trait is under the control of a single dominant gene, designated di1. the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique and bulk segregant analysis of daylength sensitive and insensitive plants were used to find markers for this gene. five of 200 random decamer primers tested produced polymorp ... | 1994 | 18470134 |
| avenacosidase from oat: purification, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of a new member of the bga family of beta-glucosidases. | a protein consisting of 60 kda subunits (as-p60) was isolated from etiolated oat seedlings (avena sativa l.) and characterized as avenacosidase, a beta-glucosidase that belongs to a preformed defence system of oat against fungal infection. the enzyme is highly aggregated; it consists of 300-350 kda aggregates and multimers thereof. dissociation by freezing/thawing leads to complete loss of enzyme activity. the specificity of the enzyme was investigated with para-nitrophenyl derivatives which ser ... | 1994 | 8000004 |
| the complete amino acid sequence and disulphide bond arrangement of oat alcohol-soluble avenin-3. | we have elucidated the complete amino acid sequence of one of the avenin components, avenin-3, isolated from oat (avena sativa l.), variety narymsky 943. the sequence of the protein was determined by sequencing of cnbr and trypsin-generated peptides in combination with mass spectrometry. the protein is a single polypeptide chain, consisting of 201 amino acid residues with m(r) 23,252.8. the n-terminal amino acid residue of the protein is blocked with 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid). all eight c ... | 1994 | 7925380 |
| genomic in situ hybridization in avena sativa. | genomic fluorescent in situ hybridization was employed in the study of the genome organization and evolution of hexaploid oat (avena sativa l. cv. sun ii, aaccdd, 2n = 6x = 42). genomic dnas from two diploid oat species, avena strigosa (genomic constitution asas, 2n = 14) and avena pilosa (genomic constitution cpcp, 2n = 14), were used as probes in the study. the dna from a. strigosa labelled 28 of the 42 (2/3) chromosomes of the hexaploid oat, while 14 of the 42 (1/3) chromosomes were labelled ... | 1994 | 18470104 |
| purification of the fusicoccin-binding protein from oat root plasma membrane by affinity chromatography with biotinylated fusicoccin. | fusicoccin (fc), a fungal phytotoxin, evokes a number of physiological responses after binding to the fc-binding protein (fcbp). for characterization of this plasma membrane protein and elucidation of the signal transduction pathway, we purified active fcbp from oat (avena sativa l. cv valiant) root plasma membranes using avidin-biotin affinity chromatography. for the binding of fcbp to immobilized avidin, a bifunctional fc derivative (fc-biotin, fcbio) was synthesized. fcbio retained high bindi ... | 1994 | 12232284 |
| purification of a membrane-bound udp-glucose:sterol [beta]-d-glucosyltransferase based on its solubility in diethyl ether. | membrane-bound udp-glucose:sterol [beta]-d-glucosyltransferase (udpg-sgtase) catalyzes the formation of steryl glucosides from udp-glucose and free sterols. this enzyme was purified from etiolated oat shoots (avena sativa l. cv alfred) in five steps. udpg-sgtase was solubilized from a microsomal fraction with the detergent n-octyl-[beta]-d-thioglucopyranoside and then extracted into diethyl ether. subsequent removal of the organic solvent, resolubilization with an aqueous buffer, and two column ... | 1994 | 12232266 |
| the structure of the rdna intergenic spacer of avena sativa l.: a comparative study. | the sequence of the 18s-25s ribosomal rna gene intergenic spacer (igs) of avena sativa was determined. dna was cloned after polymerase chain reaction amplification of the igs. the spacer of 3980 bp is composed of non-repeated sequences and five tandem arrays of repeated sequences, named a to e. homology between oats igs and other grass species was found. tandem arrays d and e seem to be originated by duplication from single-copy sequences in related species. a transcription initiation site and p ... | 1994 | 8061326 |
| the amino acid sequence previously attributed to a protein kinase or a tcp1-related molecular chaperone and co-purified with phytochrome is a beta-glucosidase. | a 60 kda protein (p60) co-purified with phytochrome was identified as avenacosidase, a beta-glucosidase which is part of the defense system of avena sativa. an antiserum raised against p60 was used to isolate a cdna clone coding for the complete amino acid sequence of p60. the cdna-derived amino acid sequence contained the partial sequences described before for a protein kinase [(1989) planta 178, 199-206] and for a tcp1-related molecular chaperone [(1993) nature 363, 644-647] co-purified with p ... | 1994 | 8013661 |
| ecogeographical distribution and differential adaptedness of multilocus allelic associations in spanish avena sativa l. | we determined the nine-locus isozyme genotype of 267 landrace accessions of avena sativa from 31 provinces of spain. our results establish that level of genetic variability is usually high both within and among accessions of this heavily self-fertilizing hexaploid grass and that multilocus genetic structure differs in various ecogeographical regions of spain. we concluded that selection favoring different multilocus genotypes in different environments was the main integrating force that shaped t ... | 1994 | 24185882 |
| modulation of h+-atpase activity by fusicoccin in plasma membrane vesicles from oat (avena sativa l.) roots (a comparison of modulation by fusicoccin, trypsin, and lysophosphatidylcholine). | the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin affects various transport processes in the plasma membrane of plant cells. the plasma membrane (pm) h+-atpase (ec 3.6.1.35) seems to be the primary target of fusicoccin action. the kinetics of the stimulation of the pm h+-atpase by fusicoccin was studied in pm vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa cv adamo) roots by aqueous two-phase partitioning. considerable stimulation of activity was observed only when roots were treated with fusicoccin prior to the pm iso ... | 1994 | 12232167 |
| allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates. | l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ... | 1994 | 24242057 |
| allelopathy of oats. i. assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical. | the allelopathic potential of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions. the ethyl ether-, acetone-, and water-soluble fractions obtained from the extract of oat shoots inhibited the germination and growth of roots and hypocotyls of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). the inhibitory activity of the water-soluble fraction was maximum, followed by that of ethyl ether-soluble and acetone-soluble fraction. an active principle of the water-soluble fraction was isolated and ... | 1994 | 24242056 |
| chromosomal localization and polymorphisms of ribosomal dna in oat (avena spp.). | the 17s/5.8s/26s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences were mapped to the three satellited (sat) chromosomes in the common hexaploid cultivated oat avena sativa (2n = 6x = 42, aaccdd genomes). in situ hybridization and southern hybridization of maize and (or) wheat rdna probes to dna from nullisomics derived from the cultivar 'sun ii' allowed the placement of rdna sequences to the physical chromosomes. a restriction map was produced for the rdna sequences of 'sun ii' using a maize probe from the transc ... | 1994 | 18470058 |
| a contrast of the plasma membrane lipid composition of oat and rye leaves in relation to freezing tolerance. | the lipid composition of the plasma membrane isolated from leaves of spring oat (avena sativa l. cv ogle) was vastly different from that of winter rye (secale cereale l. cv puma). the plasma membrane of spring oat contained large proportions of phospholipids (28.8 mol% of the total lipids), cerebrosides (27.2 mol%), and acylated sterylglucosides (27.3 mol%) with lesser proportions of free sterols (8.4 mol%) and sterylglucosides (5.6 mol%). in contrast, the plasma membrane of winter rye contained ... | 1994 | 12232097 |
| a comparison of freezing injury in oat and rye: two cereals at the extremes of freezing tolerance. | a detailed analysis of cold acclimation of a winter rye (secale cereale l. cv puma), a winter oat (avena sativa l. cv kanota), and a spring oat cultivar (ogle) revealed that freezing injury of leaves of nonacclimated seedlings occurred at -2[deg]c in both the winter and spring cultivars of oat but did not occur in winter rye leaves until after freezing at -4[deg]c. the maximum freezing tolerance was attained in all cultivars after 4 weeks of cold acclimation, and the temperature at which 50% ele ... | 1994 | 12232096 |
| exposure of oats, avena sativa l., to filtered and unfiltered air in open-top chambers: effects on grain yield and quality. | field grown oats, avena sativa l. cv vital, were exposed to filtered and unfiltered air from anthesis until harvest in open-top chambers at a site in south-west sweden. ambient plots were used to study the influence of the chamber itself. with the exception of the number of grains per panicle, which was significantly higher in the charcoal-filtered treatment, no significant filtration effects were obtained for any of the plant growth parameters studied), i.e. grain yield, number of panicles per ... | 1994 | 15091629 |
| role of expansin in cell enlargement of oat coleoptiles (analysis of developmental gradients and photocontrol). | expansins are wall proteins that mediate a type of acid-induced extension in isolated plant cell walls (s. mcqueen-mason, d.m. durachko, d.j. cosgrove [1992] plant cell 4: 1425-1433). to assess the role of these proteins in the process of cell enlargement in living tissues, we compared the spatial and temporal growth patterns of oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles with four wall properties related to expansin action. these properties were (a) the ability of isolated walls and living segments to ex ... | 1993 | 12232025 |
| determination of auxin-dependent ph changes in coleoptile cell walls by a null-point method. | the present debate on the validity of the "acid-growth theory" of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, iaa) action concentrates on the question of whether iaa-induced proton excretion into the cell wall is quantitatively sufficient to provide the shift in ph that is required to explain iaa-induced growth (see d.l. rayle, r.e. cleland [1992] plant physiol 99:1271-1274 for a recent apologetic review of the acid-growth theory). in the present paper a null-point method has been employed for determining the ... | 1993 | 12231942 |
| density gradient study of victorin-binding proteins in oat (avena sativa) cells. | victorin-binding proteins (vbps) in oat (avena sativa) cells were identified using native victorin and anti-victorin polyclonal antibodies. homogenates of oat tissues were fractionated in continuous or discontinuous sucrose density gradients or with an aqueous two-phase method, and covalent binding sites of victorin were detected by western blotting. in a 20 to 45% (w/w) sucrose continuous density gradient, the 100-kd vbp was located in fractions of 37 to 44% sucrose, with a peak at 39% sucrose. ... | 1993 | 12231915 |
| levels of a terpenoid glycoside (blumenin) and cell wall-bound phenolics in some cereal mycorrhizas. | four cereals, hordeum vulgare (barley), triticum aestivum (wheat), secale cereal (rye), and avena sativa (oat), were grown in a defined nutritional medium with and without the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices. levels of soluble and cell wall-bound secondary metabolites in the roots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography during the first 6 to 8 weeks of plant development. whereas there was no difference in the levels of ... | 1995 | 7480342 |
| arginine decarboxylase is localized in chloroplasts. | plants, unlike animals, can use either ornithine decarboxylase or arginine decarboxylase (adc) to produce the polyamine precursor putrescine. lack of knowledge of the exact cellular and subcellular location of these enzymes has been one of the main obstacles to our understanding of the biological role of polyamines in plants. we have generated polyclonal antibodies to oat (avena sativa l.) adc to study the spatial distribution and subcellular localization of adc protein in different oat tissues. ... | 1995 | 12228631 |
| mapping of beta-tubulin genomic sequences in hexaploid oat (arena sativa l.). | the allohexaploid nature of avena sativa l. (2n=6x=42) and the availability of aneuploid lines was exploited in designing a strategy for mapping beta-tubulin sequences in the oat genome. evidence for a minimum of eight beta-tubulin genes was obtained by southern-blot analysis. three betatubulin sequences were localized to chromosomes using dna from monosomic and nullisomic lines in the variety sun ii. one sequence was localized to the chromosome missing in nullisome i. two other sequences were m ... | 1993 | 24193393 |
| comparison of cytokinin-binding proteins from wheat and oat grains. | cytokinin-binding proteins (cbps) isolated from mature grains of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by acid precipitation, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography had similar characteristics, although they differed somewhat in apparent molecular weight of the native protein as determined by gel filtration (109 and 133 kda, respectively) and subunit size as estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (47 and 55 kda, respectively). highly purified oat cbp showed very w ... | 2003 | 12675735 |
| isolation and identification of triticeae chromosome 1 receptor-like kinase genes (lrk10) from diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the genus avena. | the dna sequence of an extracellular (exc) domain of an oat (avena sativa l.) receptor-like kinase (alrk10) gene was amplified from 23 accessions of 15 avena species (6 diploid, 6 tetraploid, and 3 hexaploid). primers were designed from one partial oat alrk10 clone that had been used to map the gene in hexaploid oat to linkage groups syntenic to triticeae chromosome 1 and 3. cluster (phylogenetic) analyses showed that all of the oat dna sequences amplified with these primers are orthologous to t ... | 2003 | 12669804 |
| gramene, a tool for grass genomics. | gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ... | 2002 | 12481044 |
| complex transgene locus structures implicate multiple mechanisms for plant transgene rearrangement. | to more fully characterize the internal structure of transgene loci and to gain further understanding of mechanisms of transgene locus formation, we sequenced more than 160 kb of complex transgene loci in two unrelated transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) lines transformed using microprojectile bombardment. the transgene locus sequences from both lines exhibited extreme scrambling of non-contiguous transgene and genomic fragments recombined via illegitimate recombination. a perfect direct repeat of ... | 2002 | 12445116 |
| direct capture and cloning of receptor kinase and peroxidase genes from genomic dna. | a direct dna capture and cloning procedure with magnetic bead separation was used to isolate receptor kinase like and peroxidase genes from oat (avena sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genomic dna, respectively. in this procedure, the digoxigenin-labeled probe dna and target genomic dna fragments were mixed, denatured, and hybridized. the double-helix complexes formed were captured with anti-digoxigenin immunoglobulin-coated magnetic beads and then cloned into either the lambdabluestar or ... | 2002 | 12416632 |
| serpins of oat (avena sativa) grain with distinct reactive centres and inhibitory specificity. | most proteinase inhibitors from plant seeds are assumed to contribute to broad-spectrum protection against pests and pathogens. in oat (avena sativa l.) grain the main serine proteinase inhibitors were found to be serpins, which utilize a unique mechanism of irreversible inhibition. four distinct inhibitors of the serpin superfamily were detected by native page as major seed albumins and purified by thiophilic adsorption and anion exchange chromatography. the four serpins osza-d are the first pr ... | 2002 | 12354191 |
| tropisms of avena coleoptiles: sine law for gravitropism, exponential law for photogravitropic equilibrium. | the quantitative relation between gravitropism and phototropism was analyzed for light-grown coleoptiles of avena sativa (l.). with respect to gravitropism the coleoptiles obeyed the sine law. to study the interaction between light and gravity, coleoptiles were inclined at variable angles and irradiated for 7 h with unilateral blue light (466 nm) impinging at right angles relative to the axis of the coleoptile. the phototropic stimulus was applied from the side opposite to the direction of gravi ... | 2002 | 12244443 |
| amelioration of nickel phytotoxicity in muck and mineral soils. | in situ remediation (phytostabilization) is a cost-effective solution for restoring the productivity of metal-contaminated soils and protection of food chains. a pot experiment with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and redbeet (beta vulgaris l.) was conducted to test the ability of limestone and hydrous ferric oxide (hfo) to ameliorate ni phytotoxicity in two soils contaminated by particulate emissions from a nickel refinery. quarry muck (terric haplohemist; 72% organic matte ... | 2015 | 11790001 |
| molecular diversity and physical mapping of 5s rdna in wild and cultivated oat grasses (poaceae: aveneae). | 5s rdna repeats studied in five genera of aveneae have lengths between 285 and 329 bp (avena sativa, avena macrostachya, 26 species of helictotrichon, pseudarrhenatherum longifolium, lagurus ovatus, and trisetum spicatum). in only a single species (helictotrichon aetolicum) an additional repeat of 456 bp occurs infrequently. variation is largely due to insertions or deletions in the nontranscribed spacer as determined from sequences of 163 independent clones. the 5s gene of the aveneae studied i ... | 2001 | 11697916 |
| gravitropism of oat and wheat coleoptiles: dependence on the stimulation angle and involvement of autotropic straightening. | gravitropism of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles was investigated in relation to the displacement angle or to the initially set stimulation angle (sa). we measured curvature rates at the early phase of curvature, before it was affected by the drop in sa resulting from the curvature response itself. the plot of the rates against the sines of initial sas revealed similar curves for oats and wheat, which approached saturation as the sine increased to unity. the two ... | 1997 | 11536867 |
| exposure of oat seedlings to blue light results in amplified phosphorylation of the putative photoreceptor for phototropism and in higher sensitivity of the plants to phototropic stimulation. | dark recovery of blue light-induced in vitro phosphorylation in oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings after in vivo preirradiation with blue light revealed different recovery kinetics for the coleoptile base and tip. although, in both cases, maximum in vitro phosphorylation was observed 90 min after in vivo blue light treatment, the phosphorylation levels for the entire base were about 3-fold higher than those found in nonpreirradiated plants. the tip response only slightly exceeded that of the dark c ... | 1997 | 11536818 |
| changes in starch content in oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini during the gravitropic response. | in order to determine if components of the signal transduction pathway are involved in starch metabolism during the gravitropic response, the effects of inhibitors of phosphoprotein phosphatases and protein kinases (oa), and calcium channel blockers (lacl3), on gravitropic bending and starch levels in gravisensitive node/pulvini of oat shoots were examined. among the compounds tested, okadaic acid (oa) and lanthanum chloride (lacl3) showed the strongest inhibitory effects on the negative gravitr ... | 2001 | 11432919 |
| oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) feeding. | the impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), feeding on d. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. after aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and p ... | 2001 | 11425032 |
| antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. | the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ... | 2000 | 10888490 |
| biosynthesis of avenacins and phytosterols in roots of avena sativa cv. image. | in keeping with the proposal that avenacin biosynthesis is restricted to the tips of primary roots of oat seedlings, the incorporation of radioactivity from r-[2-(14)c]mevalonic acid (mva) into avenacins and beta-amyrin by serial sections of primary roots was found to be more-or-less restricted to root tip sections. squalene synthase (sqs) (ec 2.5.1.21) and 2,3-oxidosqualene:beta-amyrin cyclase (os beta ac) (ec 5.4.99) were also most active in these sections. the incorporation of radiolabel from ... | 2000 | 10872206 |
| association of nickel versus transport of cadmium and calcium in tonoplast vesicles of oat roots. | the plant vacuole has long been suspected of being a site for accumulation of ni in plant roots, but testing this hypothesis directly by vacuole isolation is technically difficult and has not been reported. here, we have attempted to determine if ni can be transported into isolated oat (avena sativa l.) root tonoplast vesicles as an alternative approach toward understanding the importance of the vacuole in ni accumulation in roots. we found that, in contrast to ca and cd, ni did not affect the p ... | 1998 | 9530882 |
| identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit. | studies were conducted to identify a 64-kd thylakoid membrane protein of unknown function. the protein was extracted from chloroplast thylakoids under low ionic strength conditions and purified to homogeneity by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four peptides generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the wheat 64-kd protein were sequenced and found to be identical to internal sequences of the chloroplast-coupling factor (cf1) alpha-subunit. antibodies for th ... | 1998 | 9489017 |
| oat-maize chromosome addition lines: a new system for mapping the maize genome. | novel plants with individual maize chromosomes added to a complete oat genome have been recovered via embryo rescue from oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42) x maize (zea mays l., 2n = 20) crosses. an oat-maize disomic addition line possessing 21 pairs of oat chromosomes and one maize chromosome 9 pair was used to construct a cosmid library. a multiprobe (mixture of labeled fragments used as a probe) of highly repetitive maize-specific sequences was used to selectively isolate cosmid clones conta ... | 1997 | 9108009 |
| cloning and characterization of a highly repeated dna sequence in hordeum vulgare l. | a novel repetitive dna sequence, r10hvcop, has been identified in the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) genome. this 830 base pair (bp) dna sequence has a 606-bp open reading frame and is present as approximately 1.96 x 10(5) copies per haploid barley genome. southern blot analysis revealed that repetitive dna elements containing r10hvcop and related sequences were dispersed within the barley chromosomes. sequences similar to r10hvcop were also found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rye (secale cereal ... | 1996 | 8983185 |
| coleoptiles are gravi-guiding systems vital for gravi-insensitive shoots of germinating grass seedlings. | surgical removal of the coleoptiles from germinating seedlings of secale cereale l., avena sativa l., and zea mays l. leads to a total loss of gravitropic response of the shoot without affecting growth. the principal function of coleoptiles is therefore to guide the gravi-insensitive shoot to the soil surface. | 1996 | 11541944 |
| peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds (sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(s),12(s),13(s)-trihydroxy-10(e)-octadecenoic acid). | peroxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation of oleic acid in preparations of cereal seeds was investigated. the 105,000g particle fraction of oat (avena sativa) seed homogenate showed high peroxygenase activity, i.e. 3034 [plus or minus] 288 and 2441 [plus or minus] 168 nmol (10 min)-1 mg-1 protein in two cultivars, whereas the corresponding fraction obtained from barley (hordeum vulgare and hordeum distichum), rye (secale cereale), and wheat (triticum aestivum) showed only weak activity, i.e. 13 to 138 ... | 1996 | 12226220 |
| infrared light-emitting diode radiation causes gravitropic and morphological effects in dark-grown oat seedlings. | oat (avena sativa cv seger) seedlings were irradiated with ir light-emitting diode (led) radiation passed through a visible-light-blocking filter. infrared led irradiated seedlings exhibited differences in growth and gravitropic response when compared to seedlings grown in darkness at the same temperature. thus, the oat seedlings in this study were able to detect ir led radiation. these findings call into question the use of ir led as a safe-light for some photosensitive plant response experimen ... | 1996 | 11536734 |
| evidence for two indoleacetic acid-induced growth responses in the avena straight-growth indoleacetic acid assay. | floating avena sativa l. cv victory coleoptile segments were used to determine whether the straight-growth indoleacetic acid (iaa) assay can be reconciled with the avena curvature assay and the cholodny-went theory of photo- and gravitropism. measurements of segment length after 5 h yield sigmoid-shaped iaa dose-response curves with the growth rate leveling off at 1 [mu]m. however, measurements made at 24 h generate bell-shaped curves with maximal growth being induced by 10 [mu]m iaa. the differ ... | 1993 | 12231831 |
| two related biosynthetic pathways of mugineic acids in gramineous plants. | the biosynthesis of mugineic acids was studied by feeding 2h- or 13c-labeled compounds to water-cultured roots in several gramineous plants. the fate of labeled compounds was monitored by using 2h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance. on investigating the proton changes during biosynthesis by feeding d,l-[3,3,4,4-d4]-methionine (98.6% 2h), 2h-labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic, mugineic, and 3-epihydroxymugineic acids were isolated from root washings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv minori), barley ... | 1993 | 12231828 |
| isozyme variation in germplasm accessions of the wild oat avena sterilis l. | optimal exploitation of crop genetic resources requires a knowledge of the range and structure of the variation present in the gene pool of interest. avena sterilis l., the cultivated oat progenitor, contains a store of genetic diversity that is readily accessible to the oat breeder. the objectives of the present paper were: (1) to evaluate isozyme polymorphisms in a sample of a. sterilis accessions from the u.s. national small grains collection, (2) to analyze the distribution of isozyme divers ... | 1993 | 24193383 |
| spatial distribution of three phytochromes in dark- and light-grown avena sativa l. | we have addressed two issues regarding the spatial distribution of three phytochromes in 3-d-old oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings. three monoclonal antibodies, go-4, go-7 and oat-22, were used as probes. each antibody detects only one of the phytochromes. the first issue is whether any of the phytochromes might be membrane-bound. to address this issue the abundance of each phytochrome in extracts prepared with either a detergent-free or a detergent-containing buffer was compared by immunoblot ass ... | 1993 | 24178496 |
| temporal and light regulation of the expression of three phytochromes in germinating seeds and young seedlings of avena sativa l. | an oat (avena sativa l.) plant contains at least three phytochromes, which have monomeric masses of 125, 124, and 123 kilodaltons (kda) (wang et al., 1991, planta 184, 96-104). the 124-kda phytochrome is most abundant in dark-grown seedlings, while the other two phytochromes predominate in light-grown seedlings. using three monoclonal antibodies, each specific to one of the three phytochromes, we have monitored by immunoblot assay the expression of these three phytochromes in the 5 d following o ... | 1993 | 24178495 |
| proton efflux from oat coleoptile cells and exchange with wall calcium after iaa or fusicoccin treatment. | elongation growth of plant cells occurs by stretching of cell walls under turgor pressure when intermolecular bonds in the walls are temporarily loosened. the acid-growth theory predicts that wall loosening is the result of wall acidification because treatments (including iaa and fusicoccin) that cause lowered wall ph cause elongation. however, conclusive evidence that iaa primarily reduces wall ph has been lacking. calcium has been reported to stiffen the cell walls. we have used a microelectro ... | 1993 | 24178494 |
| calcium antagonists inhibit sustained gibberellic acid-induced growth of avena (oat) stem segments. | the elongation response of avena sativa (oat) stem segments to gibberellic acid (ga3) is of large magnitude, with high hormonal sensitivity and specificity, but without cell division activity. this system is therefore an excellent model for mechanistic studies on higher plant cell elongation and the action of gibberellin. at millimolar concentrations, the calcium antagonists verapamil, d-600, nicardipine, diltiazem, bepridil, 8-(n,n,-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hcl, and lanthanu ... | 1993 | 12231695 |
| kinetics of the vacuolar h-pyrophosphatase : the roles of magnesium, pyrophosphate, and their complexes as substrates, activators, and inhibitors. | the responses of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) proton-pumping inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) from oat (avena sativa l.) roots to changes in mg(2+) and pyrophosphate (ppi) concentrations have been characterized. the kinetics were complex, and reaction kinetic models were used to determine which of the various ppi complexes were responsible for the observed responses. the results indicate that the substrate for the oat root vacuolar h(+)-ppase is mg(2)ppi and that this complex is also ... | 1992 | 16653186 |
| induction of udp-glucose:salicylic acid glucosyltransferase in oat roots. | a udp-glucose:salicylic acid 3-o-glucosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.35) (gtase) from oat (avena sativa l. cv dal) root extracts was assayed in vitro using [(14)c]salicylic acid (sa) and an ion exchange column to separate sa from beta-glucosylsalicylic acid. the gtase, present at a very low constitutive level, was inducible to 23 times the constitutive level. when excised roots were exposed to sa at ph 6.5, the specific activity of the enzyme increased within 1.5 h, peaked after 8 to 10 h, and then de ... | 1992 | 16653092 |
| partial purification and properties of an inducible uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose-salicylic acid glucosyltransferase from oat roots. | a salicylic acid (sa)-inducible uridine 5'-diphosphate (udp)-glucose:sa 3-o-glucosyltransferase was extracted from oat (avena sativa l. cv dal) roots. reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography or anion exchange chromatography was used to separate sa from the product, beta-o-d-glucosylsalicylic acid. the soluble enzyme was purified 176-fold with 5% recovery using a combination of ph fractionation, anion exchange, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing chromatography. the partially purifi ... | 1992 | 16652983 |
| short-term effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on fe uptake from microbial siderophores by maize and oat. | effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on fe uptake by oat (avena sativa) and maize (zea mays) were studied in short-term (10 h) nutrient solution experiments. fe was supplied either as microbial siderophores (pseudobactin [psb] or ferrioxamine b [fob]) or as phytosiderophores obtained as root exudates from barley (epi-3-hydroxy-mugineic acid [hma]) under varied population densities of rhizosphere microorganisms (axenic, uninoculated, or inoculated with different microorganism cultures). when mai ... | 1992 | 16652982 |
| intracellular redistribution of phytochrome in etiolated soybean (glycine max l.) seedlings. | the intracellular distribution of phytochrome in hypocotyl hooks of etiolated soybean (glycine max l.) has been examined by immunofluorescence using a newly produced monoclonal antibody (soy-1) directed to phytochrome purified from etiolated soybean shoots. cortical cells in the hook region exhibit the strongest phytochrome-associated fluorescence, which is diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol in unirradiated, etiolated seedlings. a redistribution of immunocytochemically detectable hytoc ... | 1992 | 24178207 |