| long terminal repeat retrotransposon content in eight diploid sunflower species inferred from next-generation sequence data. | the most abundant transposable elements (tes) in plant genomes are class i long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons represented by superfamilies gypsy and copia amplification of these superfamilies directly impacts genome structure and contributes to differential patterns of genome size evolution among plant lineages. utilizing short-read illumina data and sequence information from a panel of helianthus annuus (sunflower) full-length gypsy and copia elements, we explore the contribution of th ... | 2016 | 27233667 |
| mature forms of the major seed storage albumins in sunflower: a mass spectrometric approach. | seed storage albumins are abundant, water-soluble proteins that are degraded to provide critical nutrients for the germinating seedling. it has been established that the sunflower albumins encoded by seed storage albumin 2 (sesa2), sesa20 and sesa3 are the major components of the albumin-rich fraction of the common sunflower helianthus annuus. to determine the structure of sunflowers most important albumins we performed a detailed chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization to assess ... | 2016 | 27185550 |
| effect of salinity and sodicity stresses on physiological response and productivity in helianthus annuus. | soil salinity and sodicity (alkalinity) are serious land degradation issues worldwide that are predicted to increase in the future. the objective of the present study is to distinguish the effects of nacl and na(2)co(3) salinity in two concentrations on the growth, lipoxygenase (lox) activity, membrane integrity, total lipids, yield parameters and fatty acids (fas) composition of seeds of sunflower cultivar sakha 53. plant growth, lox activity and malondialdehyde (mda) content were reduced by sa ... | 2016 | 27165529 |
| photorespiration provides the chance of cyclic electron flow to operate for the redox-regulation of p700 in photosynthetic electron transport system of sunflower leaves. | to elucidate the molecular mechanism to oxidize the reaction center chlorophyll, p700, in psi, we researched the effects of partial pressure of o2 (po2) on photosynthetic characteristic parameters in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves. under low co2 conditions, the oxidation of p700 was stimulated; however the decrease in po2 suppressed its oxidation. electron fluxes in psii [y(ii)] and psi [y(i)] showed po2-dependence at low co2 conditions. h(+)-consumption rate, estimated from y(ii) and c ... | 2016 | 27116126 |
| acyl carrier proteins from sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seeds and their influence on fata and fatb acyl-acp thioesterase activities. | the kinetics of acyl-acp thioesterases from sunflower importantly changed when endogenous acps were used. sunflower fatb was much more specific towards saturated acyl-acps when assayed with them. acyl carrier proteins (acps) are small (~9 kda), soluble, acidic proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis in plants and bacteria. acps bind to fatty acids through a thioester bond, generating the acyl-acp lipoproteins that are substrates for fatty acid synthase (fas) complexes, and that are required fo ... | 2016 | 27095109 |
| a novel protocol for detection of nitric oxide in plants. | detection of nitric oxide (no) in plant cells is mostly undertaken using diaminofluorescein (daf) dyes. serious drawbacks and limitations have been identified in methods using daf as a probe for no detection. the present work reporting an alternative fluorescent probe for no detection is thus proposed for varied applications in plant systems for physiological investigations. this method involves a simple, two-step synthesis, characterization, and application of mnip-cu {copper derivative of [4-m ... | 2016 | 27094412 |
| data on mass spectrometry based identification of allergens from sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) pollen proteome. | allergy is a type of abnormal immune reactions, which is triggered by environmental antigens or allergens and mediated by ige antibodies. now-a-days mass spectrometry is the method of choice for allergen identification based on homology searching. here, we provide the mass spectrometry dataset associated with our previously published research article on identification of sunflower pollen allergens (ghosh et al., 2015 [1]). in this study allergenicity of sunflower (helianthus annuus) pollen grain ... | 2016 | 27054187 |
| co-regulation of water and k(+) transport in sunflower plants during water stress recovery. | 16-day-old sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) plants were subjected to deficit irrigation for 12 days. following this period, plants were rehydrated for 2 days to study plant responses to post-stress recovery. the moderate water stress treatment applied reduced growth in all plant organs and the accumulation of k(+) in the shoot. after the rehydration period, the stem recovered its growth and reached a similar length to the control, an effect which was not observed in either root or leaves. moreov ... | 2016 | 27016874 |
| differential hormonal and gene expression dynamics in two inbred sunflower lines with contrasting dormancy level. | seed germination and dormancy are tightly regulated by hormone metabolism and signaling pathway. we investigated the endogenous content of abscisic acid (aba), its catabolites, and gibberellins (gas), as well as the expression level of certain aba and gas metabolic and signaling genes in embryo of dry and imbibed cypselas of inbred sunflower (helianthus annuus l., asteraceae) lines: b123 (dormant) and b91 (non-dormant). under our experimental conditions, the expression of rgl2 gene might be rela ... | 2016 | 26934102 |
| [adaptability of helianthus annuus seedlings to crude oil pollution in soil and its improvement measures under salinization stress]. | to explore the adaptability of plant under salt stress to crude oil pollution of soil and improvement measures, a pot experiment of helianthus annuus seedlings was conducted using orthogonal experiment method with crude oil-sodium chloride-desulfurization gypsum and cinder-zeolite-desulfurization gypsum-sawdust. the results showed that, with the increase of soil crude oil concentration, the relative growth rate (rgr) of plant height, rgr of aboveground biomass and root n: p ratios of h. annuus s ... | 2015 | 26915209 |
| revisiting a classic case of introgression: hybridization and gene flow in californian sunflowers. | during invasion, colonizing species can hybridize with native species, potentially swamping out native genomes. however, theory predicts that introgression will often be biased into the invading species. thus, empirical estimates of gene flow between native and invasive species are important to quantify the actual threat of hybridization with invasive species. one classic example of introgression occurs in california, where helianthus bolanderi was thought to be a hybrid between the serpentine e ... | 2016 | 26840428 |
| proteomic analysis of oil body membrane proteins accompanying the onset of desiccation phase during sunflower seed development. | a noteworthy metabolic signature accompanying oil body (ob) biogenesis during oilseed development is associated with the modulation of the oil body membranes proteins. present work focuses on 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-d page)-based analysis of the temporal changes in the ob membrane proteins analyzed by lc-ms/ms accompanying the onset of desiccation (20-30 d after anthesis; daa) in the developing seeds of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). protein spots unique to 20-30 d ... | 2015 | 26786011 |
| a tripartite approach identifies the major sunflower seed albumins. | we have used a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches to identify the napin-type albumin genes in sunflower and define their contributions to the seed albumin pool. seed protein content is determined by the expression of what are typically large gene families. a major class of seed storage proteins is the napin-type, water soluble albumins. in this work we provide a comprehensive analysis of the napin-type albumin content of the common sunflower (helianthus annuus) by a ... | 2016 | 26767835 |
| effect of some evaporation matters on storability of sunflower ( helianthus annuus l.) seed. | this study focuses on finding compounds that are safe to humans and environment, such as propionic and acetic acids that may provide an alternative control of seed-borne pathogens and decrease seed deterioration during storage. the objectives of this study were to reduce sunflower seed deterioration and improve the viability of sunflower seed using environmentally safe organic acids. | 2017 | 29023070 |
| copper and cobalt mobility in soil and accumulation in a metallophyte as influenced by experimental manipulation of soil chemical factors. | the influence of fe oxides, mn oxides and organic matter (om) on the cu and co mobility in soil and accumulation in the metallophyte anisopappus chinensis (ac), as compared with helianthus annuus (ha), was experimentally investigated. growth and accumulation response when increasing the exchangeable cu and co concentrations in soil were also investigated. plants were cultivated on soil where concentrations of cu, co, fe oxides, mn oxides and om content were varied according to 36 treatments. the ... | 2016 | 26706934 |
| an approach to identify the novel mirna encoded from h. annuus est sequences. | micrornas are a newly discovered class of non-protein small rnas with 22-24 nucleotides. they play multiple roles in biological processes including development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress responses and many other cell functions. in this research, several approaches were combined to make a computational prediction of potential mirnas and their targets in helianthus annuus (h. annuus). the already available information of the plant mirnas present in mirbase v21 was used against expresse ... | 2015 | 26697356 |
| repetitive dna and plant domestication: variation in copy number and proximity to genes of ltr-retrotransposons among wild and cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus) genotypes. | the sunflower (helianthus annuus) genome contains a very large proportion of transposable elements, especially long terminal repeat retrotransposons. however, knowledge on the retrotransposon-related variability within this species is still limited. we used next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies to perform a quantitative and qualitative survey of intraspecific variation of the retrotransposon fraction of the genome across 15 genotypes--7 wild accessions and 8 cultivars--of h. annuus. by m ... | 2015 | 26608057 |
| sunflower centromeres consist of a centromere-specific line and a chromosome-specific tandem repeat. | the kinetochore is a protein complex including kinetochore-specific proteins that plays a role in chromatid segregation during mitosis and meiosis. the complex associates with centromeric dna sequences that are usually species-specific. in plant species, tandem repeats including satellite dna sequences and retrotransposons have been reported as centromeric dna sequences. in this study on sunflowers, a cdna-encoding centromere-specific histone h3 (cenh3) was isolated from a cdna pool from a seedl ... | 2015 | 26583020 |
| diversity analysis and genomic prediction of sclerotinia resistance in sunflower using a new 25 k snp genotyping array. | we have developed a snp array for sunflower containing more than 25 k markers, representing single loci mostly in or near transcribed regions of the genome. the array was successfully applied to genotype a diversity panel of lines, hybrids, and mapping populations and represented well the genetic diversity of cultivated sunflower. results of pcoa and population substructure analysis underlined the complexity of the genetic composition of current elite breeding material. the performance of this g ... | 2016 | 26536890 |
| sunflower: a potential fructan-bearing crop? | grain filling in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) mainly depends on actual photosynthesis, being the contribution of stored reserves in stems (sucrose, hexoses, and starch) rather low. drought periods during grain filling often reduce yield. increasing the capacity of stem to store reserves could help to increase grain filling and yield stability in dry years. fructans improve water uptake in soils at low water potential, and allow the storage of large amount of assimilates per unit tissue volum ... | 2015 | 26528295 |
| ecogeography and utility to plant breeding of the crop wild relatives of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | crop wild relatives (cwr) are a rich source of genetic diversity for crop improvement. combining ecogeographic and phylogenetic techniques can inform both conservation and breeding. geographic occurrence, bioclimatic, and biophysical data were used to predict species distributions, range overlap and niche occupancy in 36 taxa closely related to sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). taxa lacking comprehensive ex situ conservation were identified. the predicted distributions for 36 helianthus taxa ide ... | 2015 | 26500675 |
| correlation studies on nitrogen for sunflower crop across the agroclimatic variability. | nitrogen (n) fertilizer is an important yield limiting factor for sunflower production. the correlation between yield components and growth parameters of three sunflower hybrids (hysun-33, hysun-38, pioneer-64a93) were studied with five n rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha(-1)) at three different experimental sites during the two consecutive growing seasons 2008 and 2009. the results revealed that total dry matter (tdm) production and grain yield were positively and linearly associated with leaf ... | 2016 | 26498803 |
| differential expression of seven conserved micrornas in response to abiotic stress and their regulatory network in helianthus annuus. | biotic and abiotic stresses affect plant development and production through alternation of the gene expression pattern. gene expression itself is under the control of different regulators such as mirnas and transcription factors (tfs). mirnas are known to play important roles in regulation of stress responses via interacting with their target mrnas. here, for the first time, seven conserved mirnas, associated with drought, heat, salt and cadmium stresses were characterized in sunflower. the expr ... | 2015 | 26442054 |
| phototropic solar tracking in sunflower plants: an integrative perspective. | one of the best-known plant movements, phototropic solar tracking in sunflower (helianthus annuus), has not yet been fully characterized. two questions are still a matter of debate. (1) is the adaptive significance solely an optimization of photosynthesis via the exposure of the leaves to the sun? (2) is shade avoidance involved in this process? in this study, these concepts are discussed from a historical perspective and novel insights are provided. | 2016 | 26420201 |
| search for allergens from the pollen proteome of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.): a major sensitizer for respiratory allergy patients. | respiratory allergy triggered by pollen allergens is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. sunflower pollen is thought to be an important source of inhalant allergens. present study aims to identify the prevalence of sunflower pollinosis among the indian allergic population and characterizes the pollen allergens using immuno-proteomic tools. | 2015 | 26418046 |
| the nonvolatile metabolome of sunflower linear glandular trichomes. | uniseriate linear glandular trichomes occur on stems, leaves and flowering parts of helianthus species and related taxa. their metabolic activity and biological function are still poorly understood. a phytochemical study documented the accumulation of bisabolene type sesquiterpenes and flavonoids as the major constituents of the non-volatile metabolome of linear glandular trichomes in the common sunflower, helianthus annuus. besides known sesquiterpenes of the glandulone, helibisabonol and helia ... | 2015 | 26412774 |
| root water transport of helianthus annuus l. under iron oxide nanoparticle exposure. | the application of nanomaterials in commercially available products is increasing rapidly for agriculture, phytoremediation and biotechnology. since plants suppose the first sink for the accumulation of nanoparticles from the environment, emerging studies have focused on the general consequences for plants and their effects on the biomass production. however, effects on the root surface, as well as blockage of nutrients and water uptake by the roots, may also occur. this experiment was designed ... | 2016 | 26396006 |
| molecular aspects of zygotic embryogenesis in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.): correlation of positive histone marks with hawus expression and putative link hawus/hal1l. | the link hawus/ hal1l , the opposite transcriptional behavior, and the decrease/increase in positive histone marks bond to both genes suggest an inhibitory effect of wus on hal1l in sunflower zygotic embryos. in arabidopsis, a group of transcription factors implicated in the earliest events of embryogenesis is the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) protein family including wuschel (wus) and other 14 wox protein, some of which contain a conserved wus-box domain in addition to the homeodomain. wus tra ... | 2016 | 26377219 |
| helikaurolides a-d with a diterpene-sesquiterpene skeleton from supercritical fluid extracts of helianthus annuus l. var. arianna. | four novel compounds (1-4) with an unprecedented skeleton that combines a sesquiterpene lactone and a kaurane diterpene acid were isolated from helianthus annuus l. var. arianna extract, which was obtained under supercritical conditions. the structures of 1-4 were elucidated by nmr and ms analyses. the biosynthetic routes involve sesquiterpene lactones and kauranic acid, both of which were previously isolated from this species. | 2015 | 26368065 |
| glutathione redox state, tocochromanols, fatty acids, antioxidant enzymes and protein carbonylation in sunflower seed embryos associated with after-ripening and ageing. | loss of seed viability has been associated with deteriorative processes that are partly caused by oxidative damage. the breaking of dormancy, a seed trait that prevents germination in unfavourable seasons, has also been associated with oxidative processes. it is neither clear how much overlap exists between these mechanisms nor is the specific roles played by oxygen and reactive oxygen species. | 2015 | 26346716 |
| thiamethoxam seed treatments have no impact on pest numbers or yield in cultivated sunflowers. | the use of neonicotinoid seed treatments is a nearly ubiquitous practice in sunflower (helianthus annuus) pest management. sunflowers have a speciose pest complex, but also harbor a diverse and abundant community of beneficial, nontarget organisms which may be negatively affected by pest management practices. here, we investigate how the foliar and subterranean arthropod pest communities in sunflower fields were affected by a thiamethoxam seed treatment over three site years (two years on one fa ... | 2015 | 26340223 |
| nitric oxide triggers a concentration-dependent differential modulation of superoxide dismutase (fesod and cu/znsod) activity in sunflower seedling roots and cotyledons as an early and long distance signaling response to nacl stress. | dark-grown sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedlings exhibit modulation of total superoxide dismutase (sod;ec 1.15.1.1) activity in roots and cotyledons (10,000g supernatant) in response to salt stress (nacl; 120 mm) through a differential, zymographically detectable, whole tissue activity of fesod and cu/znsod. confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging (clsm) has further shown that nacl stress significantly influences differential spatial distribution of cu/znsod and mnsod isoforms in an inv ... | 2015 | 26339977 |
| high-resolution non-contact measurement of the electrical activity of plants in situ using optical recording. | the limitations of conventional extracellular recording and intracellular recording make high-resolution multisite recording of plant bioelectrical activity in situ challenging. by combining a cooled charge-coupled device camera with a voltage-sensitive dye, we recorded the action potentials in the stem of helianthus annuus and variation potentials at multiple sites simultaneously with high spatial resolution. the method of signal processing using coherence analysis was used to determine the syn ... | 2015 | 26333536 |
| phytoremediation of carbamazepine and its metabolite 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine by c3 and c4 plants. | the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine is considered as an indicator of sewage water pollution: however, its uptake by plants and effect on metabolism have not been sufficiently documented, let alone its metabolite (10,11-epoxycarbamazepine). in a model system of sterile, hydroponically cultivated zea mays (as c4 plant) and helianthus annuus (as c3 plant), the uptake and effect of carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine were studied in comparison with those of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. ibup ... | 2015 | 26310701 |
| impact of cuticle on calculations of the co2 concentration inside leaves. | water vapor over-estimates the co 2 entering leaves during photosynthesis because the cuticle and epidermis transmit more water vapor than co 2 . direct measurements of internal co 2 concentrations may be preferred. the co2 concentration inside leaves (c i) is typically calculated from the relationship between water vapor diffusing out while co2 diffuses in. diffusion through the cuticle/epidermis is usually not considered. this study was undertaken to determine how much the calculations would b ... | 2015 | 26253179 |
| photomodulation of strigolactone biosynthesis and accumulation during sunflower seedling growth. | present investigations report the presence of strigolactones (sls) and photomodulation of their biosynthesis in sunflower seedlings (roots, cotyledons and first pair of leaves) during early phase of seedling development. qualitative analyses and characterization by hplc, esi-ms and ft-ir revealed the presence of more than one type of sls. orobanchyl acetate was detected both in roots and leaves. five-deoxystrigol, sorgolactone and orobanchol were exclusively detected in seedling roots. sorgomol ... | 2015 | 26252191 |
| cuticle affects calculations of internal co2 in leaves closing their stomata. | analyzing the assimilation rate (a) relative to the co(2) concentration inside leaves (c(i)) has been a useful approach for investigating plant responses to various environments. nevertheless, there are uncertainties in calculating c(i) when stomata close, restricting the application. here, a-c(i) curves were traced in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves using a method for directly measuring c(i). the method was incorporated into an li-6400 open gas exchange system, and stomata were closed b ... | 2015 | 26206845 |
| antimony (sbiii) reduces growth, declines photosynthesis, and modifies leaf tissue anatomy in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | the role of antimony (sb)--a non-essential trace metalloid--in physiological processes running in crops is still poorly understood. present paper describes the effect of sb tartrate (sbiii) on growth, sb uptake, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, and leaf tissue organization in young sunflower plants grown in hydroponics. we found that growth of below- and aboveground part was reduced with increasing concentration of sb in the medium. although sb was mostly taken up by sunflower roots and ... | 2015 | 26194244 |
| the complete chloroplast genome sequence of aster spathulifolius (asteraceae); genomic features and relationship with asteraceae. | aster spathulifolius, a member of the asteraceae family, is distributed along the coast of japan and korea. this plant is used for medicinal and ornamental purposes. the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a. sphathulifolius consists of 149,473 bp that include a pair of inverted repeats of 24,751 bp separated by a large single copy region of 81,998 bp and a small single copy region of 17,973 bp. the chloroplast genome contains 78 coding genes, four rrna genes and 29 trna genes. when compared to ... | 2015 | 26164759 |
| isolation of bioactive compounds from sunflower leaves (helianthus annuus l.) extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. | the work described herein is a continuation of our initial studies on the supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) with co2 of bioactive substances from helianthus annuus l. var. arianna. the selected sfe extract showed high activity in the wheat coleoptile bioassay, in petri dish phytotoxicity bioassays, and in the hydroponic culture of tomato seeds. chromatographic fractionations of the extracts and a spectroscopic analysis of the isolated compounds showed 52 substances belonging to 10 different c ... | 2015 | 26151222 |
| molecular characterization of helja, an extracellular jacalin-related protein from helianthus annuus: insights into the relationship of this protein with unconventionally secreted lectins. | jacalin-related lectins (jrls) encompass cytosolic, nuclear and vacuolar members displaying the jacalin domain in one or more copies or in combination with unrelated domains. helianthus annuus jacalin (helja) is a mannose-specific jrl previously identified in the apoplast of helianthus annuus seedlings, and this protein has been proposed to follow unconventional secretion. here, we describe the full-length helja cdna sequence, which presents a unique jacalin domain (merolectin) and the absence o ... | 2015 | 26140981 |
| exogenous malic and acetic acids reduce cadmium phytotoxicity and enhance cadmium accumulation in roots of sunflower plants. | there is increasing evidence showing that low molecular weight organic acids (lmwoa) are involved in heavy metal resistance mechanisms in plants. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous malic (ma) or acetic (aa) acids on the toxicity and accumulation of cadmium (cd) in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). for this purpose, plants were grown in hydroponics under controlled conditions. single cd stress (5 μm cd for 14 days) induced strong phytotoxic effects, as indicated by ... | 2015 | 26115548 |
| [protective effect of helianthus annuus (sunflower) on myocardial infarction in new zealand rabbit]. | determine the protective effect of oil helianthus annuus (sunflower) on myocardial infarction induced by epinephrine in new zealand rabbits. | 2017 | 26102109 |
| effects of untreated and treated oilfield-produced water on seed germination, seedling development, and biomass production of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | this study aims to evaluate possible toxic effects of oil and other contaminants from oilfield-produced water from oil exploration and production, on seed germination, and seedling development of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). in comparison, as treated by electroflocculation, oilfield-produced water, with lower oil and organic matter content, was also used. electroflocculation treatment of oilfield-produced water achieved significant removals of chemical oxygen demand (cod) (94 %), oil and gr ... | 2015 | 26059762 |
| life history traits and phenotypic selection among sunflower crop-wild hybrids and their wild counterpart: implications for crop allele introgression. | hybridization produces strong evolutionary forces. in hybrid zones, selection can differentially occur on traits and selection intensities may differ among hybrid generations. understanding these dynamics in crop-wild hybrid zones can clarify crop-like traits likely to introgress into wild populations and the particular hybrid generations through which introgression proceeds. in a field experiment with four crop-wild hybrid helianthus annuus (sunflower) cross types, we measured growth and life h ... | 2015 | 26029263 |
| heat shock transcription factors involved in seed desiccation tolerance and longevity retard vegetative senescence in transgenic tobacco. | transcription factors normally expressed in sunflower seeds delayed vegetative senescence induced by severe stress in transgenic tobacco. this revealed a novel connection between seed heat shock factors, desiccation tolerance and vegetative longevity. hahsfa9 and hahsfa4a coactivate a genetic program that, in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), contributes to seed longevity and desiccation tolerance. we have shown that overexpression of hahsfa9 in transgenic tobacco seedlings resulted in tolerance ... | 2015 | 26021607 |
| new monoterpene glycosides from sunflower seeds and their protective effects against h2o2-induced myocardial cell injury. | three new monoterpene glycosides (1-3) and eleven known compounds (4-14) were isolated from seeds of helianthus annuus l. (sunflower). their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. all the compounds were isolated from sunflower seeds for the first time. protective effects of compounds 1-14 against h2o2-induced h9c2 cardiomyocyte injury were evaluated, and compounds 1 and 2 showed some cell-protective effects. no significant dpph radical scavenging activity was observed ... | 2015 | 25977041 |
| localization of sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis in cells of capitate glandular trichomes of helianthus annuus (asteraceae). | capitate glandular trichomes (cgt) of sunflower, helianthus annuus, synthesize bioactive sesquiterpene lactones (stls) within a short period of only a few days during trichome development. in the current project, the subcellular localization of h. annuus germacrene a monooxygenase (hagao), a key enzyme of the stl biosynthesis in sunflower cgt, was investigated. a polyclonal antibody raised against this enzyme was used for immunolabelling. hagao was found in secretory and stalk cells of cgt. this ... | 2016 | 25956500 |
| fluorene and phenanthrene uptake and accumulation by wheat, alfalfa and sunflower from the contaminated soil. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are diverse organic contaminants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic activities. these compounds have negative impacts on plants growth and development. although there are many reports on their existence in different parts of plant, their uptake and translocation pathways and mechanisms are not well understood yet. this paper highlights the uptake, translocation and accumulation of pahs by wheat, sunflower and alfalfa through an ... | 2015 | 25950194 |
| ectopic expression of the ham59 gene causes homeotic transformations of reproductive organs in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | the function of the ham59 mads-box gene in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) was studied to clarify homeotic c activity in the asteraceae plant family. for the first time, transgenic sunflower plants with a modified pattern of ham59 expression were obtained. it was shown that the ham59 mads-box transcription factor did mediate c activity in sunflower. in particular, it participated in termination of the floral meristem, repression of the cadastral function of a-activity, and together with other c ... | 2015 | 25937227 |
| precision phenotyping of imidazolinone-induced chlorosis in sunflower. | chlorosis level is a useful parameter to assess imidazolinone resistance in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). the aim of this study was to quantify chlorosis through two different methods in sunflower plantlets treated with imazapyr. the genotypes used in this study were two inbred lines reported to be different in their resistance to imidazolinones. chlorosis was evaluated by spectrophotometrical quantification of photosynthetic leaf pigments and by a bioinformatics-based color analysis. a prot ... | 2014 | 25914598 |
| association mapping in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) reveals independent control of apical vs. basal branching. | shoot branching is an important determinant of plant architecture and influences various aspects of growth and development. selection on branching has also played an important role in the domestication of crop plants, including sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). here, we describe an investigation of the genetic basis of variation in branching in sunflower via association mapping in a diverse collection of cultivated sunflower lines. | 2015 | 25887675 |
| sesquiterpene lactone composition of wild and cultivated sunflowers and biological activity against an insect pest. | sesquiterpene lactones in sunflowers, helianthus spp., are important to interactions with pathogens, weeds, and insects. across a broad range of helianthus annuus, differences in composition of sesquiterpene lactones extracted from disc florets were found between wild and cultivated sunflowers and also between distinct groups of inbreds used to produce sunflower hybrids. discriminant function analysis showed the presence and relative abundance of argophyllone b, niveusin b, and 15-hydroxy-3-dehy ... | 2015 | 25853587 |
| turgor and the transport of co2 and water across the cuticle (epidermis) of leaves. | leaf photosynthesis relies on co₂ diffusing in while water vapour diffuses out. when stomata close, cuticle waxes on the epidermal tissues increasingly affect this diffusion. also, changes in turgor can shrink or swell a leaf, varying the cuticle size. in this study, the properties of the cuticle were investigated while turgor varied in intact leaves of hypo stomatous grape (vitis vinifera l.) or amphistomatous sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). for grape, stomata on the abaxial surface were seal ... | 2015 | 25737532 |
| [polymorphism among rfl-ppr homologs in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) lines with varying ability for the suppression of the cytoplasmic male sterility phenotype]. | a complex comparative genetic approach was used for the investigation of the structural and functional diversity of genes for the restoration of sunflower pollen fertility. it includes (i) hybridological analysis; (ii) analysis of polymorphism among est fragments.homologous to the known rf genes that contain repeated motives of 35 amino acids (rfl-ppr); (iii) the development of molecular markers. monogenic segregation in three interline cross combinations and the results of molecular marker anal ... | 2014 | 25720139 |
| seed fates in crop-wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects. | domestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop-wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop-wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop-imparted seed coverings result in out-of-season germination. we performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (helianthus annuus) cross types ... | 2015 | 25685189 |
| quantifying temporal isolation: a modelling approach assessing the effect of flowering time differences on crop-to-weed pollen flow in sunflower. | flowering time divergence can be a crucial component of reproductive isolation between sympatric populations, but few studies have quantified its actual contribution to the reduction of gene flow. in this study, we aimed at estimating pollen-mediated gene flow between cultivated sunflower and a weedy conspecific sunflower population growing in the same field and at quantifying, how it is affected by the weeds' flowering time. for that purpose, we extended an existing mating model by including a ... | 2015 | 25667603 |
| supplemental macronutrients and microbial fermentation products improve the uptake and transport of foliar applied zinc in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) plants. studies utilizing micro x-ray florescence. | enhancing nutrient uptake and the subsequent elemental transport from the sites of application to sites of utilization is of great importance to the science and practical field application of foliar fertilizers. the aim of this study was to investigate the mobility of various foliar applied zinc (zn) formulations in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and to evaluate the effects of the addition of an organic biostimulant on phloem loading and elemental mobility. this was achieved by application of ... | 2014 | 25653663 |
| genome scans reveal candidate domestication and improvement genes in cultivated sunflower, as well as post-domestication introgression with wild relatives. | the development of modern crops typically involves both selection and hybridization, but to date most studies have focused on the former. in the present study, we explore how both processes, and their interactions, have molded the genome of the cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus), a globally important oilseed. to identify genes targeted by selection during the domestication and improvement of sunflower, and to detect post-domestication hybridization with wild species, we analyzed transcript ... | 2015 | 25641359 |
| comparison of mp aes and icp-ms for analysis of principal and selected trace elements in nitric acid digests of sunflower (helianthus annuus). | the use of nitrogen as plasma gas for microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (mp aes) is an interesting development in analytical science since the running cost can be significantly reduced in comparison to the inductively coupled argon plasma. here, we evaluate the performance of the agilent 4100 mp aes instrument for the analysis of principal metals (ca, k, mg, and na), lithogenic metals (al, fe, and mn) and selected trace metals (as, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, mo, ni, pb, v, and zn) in nitric ... | 2015 | 25640135 |
| effects of salinity, temperature, and polyethylene glycol on the seed germination of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | salinization has severe influences on agriculture in the whole world. the main aims of this work were to evaluate osmotic effect and ion effect of nacl on seed germination of three sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) cultivars interacting with three alternating temperature regimes and to select the most salt tolerant cultivars to plant in the saline region. seeds were germinated in the isotonic nacl and polyethylene glycol (peg) solutions of -0.45, -0.90, -1.34, -1.79, and -2.24 mpa at 10:20, 15:25 ... | 2014 | 25610896 |
| sunflower seeds as eliciting agents of compositae dermatitis. | sunflowers may cause dermatitis because of allergenic sesquiterpene lactones (sls). contact sensitization to sunflower seeds has also been reported, but the allergens are unknown. | 2015 | 25581855 |
| relocation of a rust resistance gene r 2 and its marker-assisted gene pyramiding in confection sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | the rust resistance gene r 2 was reassigned to linkage group 14 of the sunflower genome. dna markers linked to r 2 were identified and used for marker-assisted gene pyramiding in a confection type genetic background. due to the frequent evolution of new pathogen races, sunflower rust is a recurring threat to sunflower production worldwide. the inbred line morden cross 29 (mc29) carries the rust resistance gene, r 2 , conferring resistance to numerous races of rust fungus in the us, canada, and a ... | 2015 | 25575836 |
| [study on the quantitative and qualitative composition of moulds colonizing sunflower seeds (helianthus annus l.)]. | the aim of study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative composition of moulds colonizing sunflower seeds on rbca, ypss, dg18 media at 25, 37, and 45°c. | 2015 | 27344879 |
| increasing leaf hydraulic conductance with transpiration rate minimizes the water potential drawdown from stem to leaf. | leaf hydraulic conductance (k leaf) is a central element in the regulation of leaf water balance but the properties of k leaf remain uncertain. here, the evidence for the following two models for k leaf in well-hydrated plants is evaluated: (i) k leaf is constant or (ii) k leaf increases as transpiration rate (e) increases. the difference between stem and leaf water potential (δψstem-leaf), stomatal conductance (g s), k leaf, and e over a diurnal cycle for three angiosperm and gymnosperm tree sp ... | 2015 | 25547915 |
| temperature- and co2-dependent life table parameters of spodoptera litura (noctuidae: lepidoptera) on sunflower and prediction of pest scenarios. | predicted increase in temperature and atmospheric co2 concentration will influence the growth of crop plants and phytophagous insects. the present study, conducted at the central research institute for dryland agriculture, hyderabad, india, aimed at (1) construction of life tables at six constant temperatures viz., 20, 25, 27, 30, 33, and 35 ± 0.5 °c for spodoptera litura (fabricius) (noctuidae: lepidoptera) reared on sunflower (helianthus annus l.) grown under ambient and elevated co2 (eco2) (5 ... | 2014 | 25528748 |
| quantitative trait locus mapping identifies candidate alleles involved in adaptive introgression and range expansion in a wild sunflower. | the wild north american sunflowers helianthus annuus and h. debilis are participants in one of the earliest identified examples of adaptive trait introgression, and the exchange is hypothesized to have triggered a range expansion in h. annuus. however, the genetic basis of the adaptive exchange has not been examined. here, we combine quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping with field measurements of fitness to identify candidate h. debilis qtl alleles likely to have introgressed into h. annuus to ... | 2015 | 25522096 |
| trichome differentiation on leaf primordia of helianthus annuus (asteraceae): morphology, gene expression and metabolite profile. | sunflower trichomes fully develop on embryonic plumula within 3 days after start of germination. toxic sesquiterpene lactones are produced immediately thereafter thus protecting the apical bud of the seedling against herbivory. helianthus annuus harbors non-glandular and two different types of multicellular glandular trichomes, namely the biseriate capitate glandular trichomes and the uniseriate linear glandular trichomes. the development of capitate glandular trichomes is well known from anther ... | 2015 | 25515194 |
| heliolactone, a non-sesquiterpene lactone germination stimulant for root parasitic weeds from sunflower. | root exudates of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) line 2607a induced germination of seeds of root parasitic weeds striga hermonthica, orobanche cumana, orobanche minor, orobanche crenata, and phelipanche aegyptiaca. bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of a germination stimulant designated as heliolactone. ft-ms analysis indicated a molecular formula of c20h24o6. detailed nmr spectroscopic studies established a methylfuranone group, a common structural component of strigolactones co ... | 2014 | 25446236 |
| light signaling and the phytohormonal regulation of shoot growth. | shoot growth of dicot plants is rigorously controlled by the interactions of environmental cues with several groups of phytohormones. the signaling effects of light on shoot growth are of special interest, as both light irradiance and light quality change rapidly throughout the day, causing profound changes in stem elongation and leaf area growth. among the several dicot species examined, we have focused on sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) because its shoots are robust and their growth is highly ... | 2014 | 25443853 |
| [construction of a genetic map of sunflower using a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils)]. | a genetic linkage map of sunflower was constructed by combined applying the ssr and aflp markers using 187 f5:6 individuals of recombinant inbred lines (rils) which derived from the cross between helianthus annuus k55 and helianthus annuus k58 through single-seed descent (ssd). using 78 pairs of ssr primers and 48 pairs of aflp primer, 341 and 1119 bands were amplified, respectively. among these 1460 bands, 557 bands (39.52%) were polymorphic, including 184 bands by ssr markers and 393 bands by ... | 2014 | 25406252 |
| the response of durum wheat to the preceding crop in a mediterranean environment. | crop sequence is an important management practice that may affect durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) production. field research was conducted in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons in a rain-fed cold mediterranean environment to examine the impact of the preceding crops alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), maize (zea mays l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) on yield and n uptake of four durum wheat varieties. the response of grain yield of durum wheat to the preced ... | 2014 | 25401153 |
| transitions in photoperiodic flowering are common and involve few loci in wild sunflowers (helianthus; asteraceae). | • | 2014 | 25326617 |
| fitness of crop-wild hybrid sunflower under competitive conditions: implications for crop-to-wild introgression. | understanding the likelihood and extent of introgression of novel alleles in hybrid zones requires comparison of lifetime fitness of parents and hybrid progeny. however, fitness differences among cross types can vary depending on biotic conditions, thereby influencing introgression patterns. based on past work, we predicted that increased competition would enhance introgression between cultivated and wild sunflower (helianthus annuus) by reducing fitness advantages of wild plants. to test this p ... | 2014 | 25295859 |
| impact of extraneous proteins on the gastrointestinal fate of sunflower seed (helianthus annuus) oil bodies: a simulated gastrointestinal tract study. | in this study, we examined the physicochemical nature of sunflower seed oil bodies (in the absence and presence of added protein) exposed to gastrointestinal conditions in vitro: crude oil bodies (cob); washed oil bodies (wob); whey protein isolate-enriched oil bodies (wob-wpi); and, sodium caseinate enriched-oil bodies (wob-sc). all oil body emulsions were passed through an in vitro digestion model that mimicked the stomach and duodenal environments, and their physicochemical properties were me ... | 2015 | 25284307 |
| physiological and gene expression responses of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) plants differ according to irrigation placement. | to investigate effects of soil moisture heterogeneity on plant physiology and gene expression in roots and leaves, three treatments were implemented in sunflower plants growing with roots split between two compartments: a control (c) treatment supplying 100% of plant evapotranspiration, and two treatments receiving 50% of plant evapotranspiration, either evenly distributed to both compartments (deficit irrigation - di) or unevenly distributed to ensure distinct wet and dry compartments (partial ... | 2014 | 25219304 |
| effect of feeding low-fiber fraction of air-classified sunflower (helianthus annus l.) meal on laying hen productive performance and egg yolk cholesterol. | the present study was designed to determine the effect on laying performance and egg quality resulting from total substitution of soybean meal (sbm) with low-fiber sunflower meal (sfm; helianthus annus l.) meal in diet of hens. isa brown layers, 28 wk of age, were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments and fed for 10 wk. the hens were kept in a free-range environment and fed 2 wheat middling-based diets consisting of a control diet, which contained sbm (153 g/kg of diet), and a test diet con ... | 2014 | 25193258 |
| patterns of microsatellite evolution inferred from the helianthus annuus (asteraceae) transcriptome. | the distribution of microsatellites in exons, and their association with gene ontology (go) terms is explored to elucidate patterns of microsatellite evolution in the common sunflower, helianthus annuus. the relative position, motif, size and level of impurity were estimated for each microsatellite in the unigene database available from the compositae genome project (cgp), and statistical analyses were performed to determine if differences in microsatellite distributions and enrichment within ce ... | 2014 | 25189238 |
| [agrobacterium-mediated sunflower transformation (helianthus annuus l.) in vitro and in planta using strain of lba4404 harboring binary vector pbi2e with dsrna-suppressor proline dehydrogenase gene]. | to estimate the efficiency of proline dehydrogenase gene suppression towards increasing of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) tolerance level to water deficit and salinity, we employed strain lba4404 harboring pbi2e with double-stranded rna-suppressor, which were prepared on basis arabidopsis prodh1 gene. the techniques of agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro and in planta during fertilization sunflower have been proposed. there was shown the genotype-depended integration of t-dna in sun ... | 2014 | 25184200 |
| translatome profiling in dormant and nondormant sunflower (helianthus annuus) seeds highlights post-transcriptional regulation of germination. | seed dormancy, which blocks germination in apparently favourable conditions, is a key regulatory control point of plant population establishment. as germination requires de novo translation, its regulation by dormancy is likely to be related to the association of individual transcripts to polysomes. here, the polysome-associated mrnas, that is, the translatome, were fractionated and characterized with microarrays in dormant and nondormant sunflower (helianthus annuus) embryos during their imbibi ... | 2014 | 25157915 |
| identification of candidate genes associated with leaf senescence in cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), an important source of edible vegetable oil, shows rapid onset of senescence, which limits production by reducing photosynthetic capacity under specific growing conditions. carbon for grain filling depends strongly on light interception by green leaf area, which diminishes during grain filling due to leaf senescence. transcription factors (tfs) regulate the progression of leaf senescence in plants and have been well explored in model systems, but info ... | 2014 | 25110882 |
| expression of cholera toxin b subunit-lumbrokinase in edible sunflower seeds-the use of transmucosal carrier to enhance its fusion protein's effect on protection of rats and mice against thrombosis. | lumbrokinase (lk) is a group of serine proteases with strong fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activities and is useful for treating diseases caused by thrombus. cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has been widely used to facilitate antigen delivery by serving as an effective mucosal carrier molecule for the induction of oral tolerance. we investigate here the application of ctb as a transmucosal carrier in enhancing its fusion protein-lks effect to protect rats against thrombosis. thus, in this study, ct ... | 2014 | 25080206 |
| selection on crop-derived traits and qtl in sunflower (helianthus annuus) crop-wild hybrids under water stress. | locally relevant conditions, such as water stress in irrigated agricultural regions, should be considered when assessing the risk of crop allele introgression into wild populations following hybridization. although research in cultivars has suggested that domestication traits may reduce fecundity under water stress as compared to wild-like phenotypes, this has not been investigated in crop-wild hybrids. in this study, we examine phenotypic selection acting on, as well as the genetic architecture ... | 2014 | 25048600 |
| excisions of a defective transposable cacta element (tetu1) generate new alleles of a cycloidea-like gene of helianthus annuus. | tubular ray flower (turf) is a sunflower mutant that caught attention because it bears actinomorphic ray flowers, due to the presence of an active, although non-autonomous cacta transposon (tetu1) in the tcp domain of a cycloidea-like gene, hacyc2c, a major regulator of sunflower floral symmetry. here, we analyzed its excision rates in f3 population deriving from independent crosses of turf with common sunflower accessions. our results suggest that the excision rate, ranging from 1.21 to 6.29%, ... | 2014 | 25046140 |
| roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop-wild hybrids. | • premise of the study: the fitness of an offspring may depend on its nuclear genetic composition (via both parental genotypes) as well as on genetic maternal effects (via only the maternal parent). understanding the relative importance of these two genetic factors is particularly important for research on crop-wild hybridization, since traits with important genetic maternal effects (e.g., seed size) often differ among crops and their relatives. we hypothesized that the effects of these genetic ... | 2014 | 25016007 |
| genetic control of water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope discrimination in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) subjected to two drought scenarios. | high water use efficiency (wue) can be achieved by coordination of biomass accumulation and water consumption. wue is physiologically and genetically linked to carbon isotope discrimination (cid) in leaves of plants. a population of 148 recombinant inbred lines (rils) of sunflower derived from a cross between xrq and psc8 lines was studied to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling wue and cid, and to compare qtl associated with these traits in different drought scenarios. we conducte ... | 2014 | 24992022 |
| spatio-temporal mapping of variation potentials in leaves of helianthus annuus l. seedlings in situ using multi-electrode array. | damaging thermal stimuli trigger long-lasting variation potentials (vps) in higher plants. owing to limitations in conventional plant electrophysiological recording techniques, recorded signals are composed of signals originating from all of the cells that are connected to an electrode. this limitation does not enable detailed spatio-temporal distributions of transmission and electrical activities in plants to be visualised. multi-electrode array (mea) enables the recording and imaging of dynami ... | 2014 | 24961469 |
| genomics of homoploid hybrid speciation: diversity and transcriptional activity of long terminal repeat retrotransposons in hybrid sunflowers. | hybridization is thought to play an important role in plant evolution by introducing novel genetic combinations and promoting genome restructuring. however, surprisingly little is known about the impact of hybridization on transposable element (te) proliferation and the genomic response to te activity. in this paper, we first review the mechanisms by which homoploid hybrid species may arise in nature. we then present hybrid sunflowers as a case study to examine transcriptional activity of long t ... | 2014 | 24958919 |
| plasticity in sunflower leaf and cell growth under high salinity. | a group of sunflower lines that exhibit a range of leaf na(+) concentrations under high salinity was used to explore whether the responses to the osmotic and ionic components of salinity can be distinguished in leaf expansion kinetics analysis. it was expected that at the initial stages of the salt treatment, leaf expansion kinetics changes would be dominated by responses to the osmotic component of salinity, and that later on, ion inclusion would impose further kinetics changes. it was also exp ... | 2015 | 24942979 |
| cr localization and speciation in roots of chromate fed helianthus annuus l. seedlings using synchrotron techniques. | in order to gain knowledge on the potential use of helianthus annuus l. for the remediation of cr(vi) polluted waters, hydroponics experiments were set up to determine cr uptake and tolerance in different cr(vi)-sulfate conditions, and cr biotransformations. results indicated that cr(vi) promoted seed germination, and plant tolerance was higher at younger plant stages. cr uptake was dependent on sulfate concentrations. the highest cr levels in roots and shoots (13,700 and 2,500 mg kg(-1) dry wei ... | 2014 | 24933903 |
| modeling and analysis of a density-dependent stochastic integral projection model for a disturbance specialist plant and its seed bank. | in many plant species dormant seeds can persist in the soil for one to several years. the formation of these seed banks is especially important for disturbance specialist plants, as seeds of these species germinate only in disturbed soil. seed movement caused by disturbances affects the survival and germination probability of seeds in the seed bank, which subsequently affect population dynamics. in this paper, we develop a stochastic integral projection model for a general disturbance specialist ... | 2014 | 24916367 |
| molecular evolution of candidate genes for crop-related traits in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | evolutionary analyses aimed at detecting the molecular signature of selection during crop domestication and/or improvement can be used to identify genes or genomic regions of likely agronomic importance. here, we describe the dna sequence-based characterization of a pool of candidate genes for crop-related traits in sunflower. these genes, which were identified based on homology to genes of known effect in other study systems, were initially sequenced from a panel of improved lines. all genes th ... | 2014 | 24914686 |
| acetohydroxyacid synthase activity and transcripts profiling reveal tissue-specific regulation of ahas genes in sunflower. | acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) is the target site of several herbicides and catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acid. three genes coding for ahas catalytic subunit (ahas1, ahas2 and ahas3) have been reported for sunflower. the aim of this work was to study the expression pattern of ahas genes family and ahas activity in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). different organs (leaves, hypocotyls, roots, flowers and embryos) were evaluated at several developmental sta ... | 2014 | 24908515 |
| turning heads: the biology of solar tracking in sunflower. | solar tracking in the common sunflower, helianthus annuus, is a dramatic example of a diurnal rhythm in plants. during the day, the shoot apex continuously reorients, following the sun's relative position so that the developing heads track from east to west. at night, the reverse happens, and the heads return and face east in anticipation of dawn. this daily cycle dampens and eventually stops at anthesis, after which the sunflower head maintains an easterly orientation. although shoot apical hel ... | 2014 | 24908502 |
| pre-dawn stomatal opening does not substantially enhance early-morning photosynthesis in helianthus annuus. | most c3 plant species have partially open stomata during the night especially in the 3-5 h before dawn. this pre-dawn stomatal opening has been hypothesized to enhance early-morning photosynthesis (a) by reducing diffusion limitations to co2 at dawn. we tested this hypothesis in cultivated helianthus annuus using whole-shoot gas exchange, leaf level gas exchange and modelling approaches. one hour pre-dawn low-humidity treatments were used to reduce pre-dawn stomatal conductance (g). at the whole ... | 2014 | 24895756 |
| the physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on sunflowers (helianthus annuus) exposed to flurochloridone. | in this study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the flurochloridone as well as flurochloridone and exogenously applied salicylic acid (sa) on helianthus annuus l. to find out herbicide-induced toxicity reducing influence of sa. we examined and compared the physiological and biochemical effects of different concentrations of flurochloridone (11, 32 and 72 mm) in both the sa pre-treated and non-treated plants. the plants treated with flurochloridone exhibited reduced total chlorophyll, ca ... | 2014 | 24859709 |
| biochemistry of high stearic sunflower, a new source of saturated fats. | fats based on stearic acid could be a healthier alternative to existing oils especially hydrogenated fractions of oils or palm, but only a few non-tropical species produce oils with these characteristics. in this regard, newly developed high stearic oil seed crops could be a future source of fats and hard stocks rich in stearic and oleic fatty acids. these oil crops have been obtained either by breeding and mutagenesis or by suppression of desaturases using rna interference. the present review d ... | 2014 | 24858414 |
| sequence-based analysis of structural organization and composition of the cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) genome. | sunflower is an important oilseed crop, as well as a model system for evolutionary studies, but its 3.6 gigabase genome has proven difficult to assemble, in part because of the high repeat content of its genome. here we report on the sequencing, assembly, and analyses of 96 randomly chosen bacs from sunflower to provide additional information on the repeat content of the sunflower genome, assess how repetitive elements in the sunflower genome are organized relative to genes, and compare the geno ... | 2014 | 24833511 |
| reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and ethylene interact to regulate sunflower seed germination. | sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seed dormancy is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ros) and can be alleviated by incubating dormant embryos in the presence of methylviologen (mv), a ros-generating compound. ethylene alleviates sunflower seed dormancy whereas abscisic acid (aba) represses germination. the purposes of this study were to identify the molecular basis of ros effect on seed germination and to investigate their possible relationship with hormone signalling pathways. ethylene treat ... | 2015 | 24811898 |
| salt stress-induced seedling growth inhibition coincides with differential distribution of serotonin and melatonin in sunflower seedling roots and cotyledons. | indoleamines regulate a variety of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and stress-induced responses in plants. present investigations report the effect of nacl stress on endogenous serotonin and melatonin accumulation and their differential spatial distribution in sunflower (helianthus annuus) seedling roots and cotyledons using hplc and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively. exogenous serotonin and melatonin treatments lead to variable effect on hypocotyl elongation ... | 2014 | 24799301 |