| microbiological changes in naturally fermented cassava fish (pseudotolithus sp.) for lanhouin production. | cassava fish (pseudotolithus sp.) was naturally fermented on three different occasions at room temperature (28-30 degrees c) for 3 to 8 days and the microbial population and the occurrence of various bacterial species were monitored. in general, after a slight increase during the early stages of fermentation, the microbial population decreased as the fermentation progressed. a total of 224 isolates belonging to the genera bacillus, staphylococcus, micrococcus, streptococcus, corynebacterim, pseu ... | 2007 | 17291615 |
| improved expression of recombinant gfp using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in leaf-disks and infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp) with a molecular mass of 29 kda was transiently expressed in agrobacterium-inoculated leaf-disks prepared from nicotiana benthamiana plants. expression of gfp from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s promoter within a replicating vector based on the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) was more than 3 times higher than from a control, non-replicating vector. use of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter in the bctv replicating vector in ... | 2007 | 17294255 |
| production of l(+) lactic acid from cassava starch hydrolyzate by immobilized lactobacillus delbrueckii. | a process based on low cost production media was developed for fermentative production of l(+) lactic acid. various process parameters were optimized for the production of l(+) lactic acid from cassava starch hydrolyzate-based medium by immobilized whole cells of lactobacillus delbrueckii. the parameters considered for optimization were concentration of alginate and cacl(2), initial cell concentration, curing time, bead size and incubation time of fermentation. reusability of immobilized cells u ... | 2007 | 17304614 |
| starch grain evidence for the preceramic dispersals of maize and root crops into tropical dry and humid forests of panama. | the central american isthmus was a major dispersal route for plant taxa originally brought under cultivation in the domestication centers of southern mexico and northern south america. recently developed methodologies in the archaeological and biological sciences are providing increasing amounts of data regarding the timing and nature of these dispersals and the associated transition to food production in various regions. one of these methodologies, starch grain analysis, recovers identifiable m ... | 2007 | 17360697 |
| determination of acrylamide levels in selected foods in brazil. | selected carbohydrate-rich foods available on the brazilian market (111 samples representing 19 product categories) were analysed for acrylamide content using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. a limit of detection of 10 microg kg(-1), a limit of quantitation of 20 microg kg(-1) and mean recoveries ranging 100 to 115% were obtained during a laboratory validation procedure. the concentration of acrylamide in the samples ranged from <20 to 2528 microg kg(-1), with a considera ... | 2007 | 17364924 |
| effects of sub-chronic oral cyanide on endothelial function in rabbit aortic rings. | we have investigated how the endothelium affects vascular responses following sub-chronic low dose cyanide administration. cyanide exists in low levels in cassava foods, which are widely consumed in tropical africa. adult rabbits were administered 0.38 mg/kg per day kcn po for 25 days, and responses of the isolated aortic rings to noradrenaline (na), calcium chloride (ca2+) and acetylcholine (ach) were measured in vitro in the presence and absence of the endothelium. in order to establish that t ... | 2007 | 17370868 |
| infectivity, pseudorecombination and mutagenesis of kenyan cassava mosaic begomoviruses. | cloned dna-a and dna-b components of kenyan isolates of east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv, eacmv-ug and eacmv-ke2), east african cassava mosaic kenya virus (eacmkv) and east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus (eacmzv) are shown to be infectious in cassava. eacmv and eacmkv genomic components have the same iteron sequence (ggggg) and can form viable pseudorecombinants, while eacmzv components have a different sequence (ggaga) and are incompatible with eacmv and eacmkv. mutagenesis of ea ... | 2007 | 17412996 |
| partial characterization and optimization of production of extracellular alpha-amylase from bacillus subtilis isolated from culturable cow dung microflora. | studies of alpha-amylase production by bacillus subtilis (cm3) isolated earlier from cow dung microflora, were carried out. the optimum temperature, ph and incubation period for amylase production were 50-70 degrees c, 5.0-9.0 and 36 h, respectively. enzyme secretion was very similar in the presence of any of the carbon sources tested (soluble starch, potato starch, cassava starch, wheat flour, glucose, fructose, etc.). yeast extract and ammonium acetate (1%) as nitrogen sources gave higher yiel ... | 2006 | 17416065 |
| the consensus n-myristoylation motif of a geminivirus ac4 protein is required for membrane binding and pathogenicity. | some geminiviruses encode a small protein, ac4, whose role in pathogenesis has only recently attracted attention. a few studies have shown that this protein is involved in pathogenesis and suppresses rna silencing. here, using nicotiana benthamiana, we show that east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) ac4 is a pathogenicity determinant and that it suppresses the systemic phase of rna silencing. furthermore, confocal imaging analyses show that it binds preferentially to the plasma mem ... | 2007 | 17427808 |
| transgenic cassava resistance to african cassava mosaic virus is enhanced by viral dna-a bidirectional promoter-derived sirnas. | expression of double-stranded rna (dsrna) homologous to virus sequences can effectively interfere with rna virus infection in plant cells by triggering rna silencing. here we applied this approach against a dna virus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), in its natural host cassava. transgenic cassava plants were developed to express small interfering rnas (sirna) from a camv 35s promoter-controlled, intron-containing dsrna cognate to the common region-containing bidirectional promoter of acmv d ... | 2007 | 17492253 |
| effect of the addition of nitrogen sources to cassava fiber and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on agaricus brasiliensis growth. | the same substratum formulation to grow agaricus bisporus has been used to grow agaricus brasiliensis since its culture started in brazil. despite being different species, many of the same rules have been used for composting or axenic cultivation when it comes to nitrogen content and source in the substrate. the aim of this study was to verify the mycelial growth of a. brasiliensis in different ammonium sulfate and (or) urea concentrations added to cassava fiber and different carbon-to-nitrogen ... | 2007 | 17496959 |
| agricultural biotechnology and its contribution to the global knowledge economy. | the theory of neoclassical welfare economics largely shaped international and national agricultural policies during the cold war period. it treated technology as an exogenous factor that could boost agricultural productivity but not necessarily sustainable agriculture. new growth theory, the economic theory of the new knowledge economy, treats technological change as endogenous and argues that intangible assets such as human capital and knowledge are the drivers of sustainable economic developme ... | 2007 | 17522821 |
| role of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in resistance of pearl millet against downy mildew pathogen sclerospora graminicola. | hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps) are important plant cell wall components involved in plant defense response to pathogen attack. in the present study, a resistant pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) cultivar, ip18292, was compared with a susceptible cultivar, 7042s, to investigate the contribution of hrgps in the successful defense against the phytopathogenic oomycete s. graminicola. northern hybridization using mehrgp cdna, a heterologous probe from cassava, indicated steady accumulation ... | 2007 | 17554553 |
| an experimental study of vermi-biowaste composting for agricultural soil improvement. | vermitechnology was investigated as a means of reducing organic waste materials. vermicomposting conditions were optimized to convert the biowastes to nutritious composts for amending agricultural soil. studies were undertaken to select the most suitable earthworm species for vermicomposting, to enrich vermicompost by inoculation with beneficial microbes, to standardize an economically feasible method of vermicomposting, to achieve nutrient economy through vermicompost application in acid soils ... | 2008 | 17560781 |
| the effects of short-term feeding of fresh cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in goats in cambodia. | the antiparasitic effect of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) was tested in goats artificially infected with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. each experimental group consisted of 6 pen-fed goats kept on a slatted floor. the treatments compared were: 1) controls fed grass only, 2) cassava replaced grass for 3 weeks from the commencement of larval dosing period, and 3) cassava replaced grass for 3 weeks after the worm infection was patent. a total of 2000 mixed-species infective nematode lar ... | 2007 | 17568377 |
| polyurethane foam as an inert carrier for the production of l(+)-lactic acid by lactobacillus casei under solid-state fermentation. | production of l-lactic acid in solid-state fermentation (ssf) using polyurethane foam (puf) as inert support moistened with cassava bagasse starch hydrolysate. | 2007 | 17576217 |
| full chain energy analysis of fuel ethanol from cassava in thailand. | an assessment of net energy and supply potentials was performed to evaluate cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in thailand. just recently, the thai government approved the construction of 12 cassava ethanol plants with the total output of 3.4 million liters per day by the next 2 years (2007 and 2008). the cassava fuel ethanol (cfe) system involves three main segments: cassava cultivation including processing, ethanol conversion, and transportation. all materials, fuels, and human labor inputs ... | 2007 | 17612202 |
| insights on the evolution of a vegetatively propagated crop species. | the opportunity for gene flow between a vegetatively propagated crop and its wild relatives is expected to be much lower than for seed-propagated crops, since sexual reproduction in the crop occurs only infrequently. a study by duputié and colleagues now demonstrates evidence of sexual reproduction between a vegetatively propagated crop and a closely related wild congener. working in french guiana, these workers have documented a hybrid zone arising from introgression between cassava (manihot es ... | 2007 | 17614898 |
| natural hybridization between a clonally propagated crop, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and a wild relative in french guiana. | because domestication rarely leads to speciation, domesticated populations often hybridize with wild relatives when they occur in close proximity. little work has focused on this question in clonally propagated crops. if selection on the capacity for sexual reproduction has been relaxed, these crops would not be expected to hybridize with their wild relatives as frequently as seed-propagated crops. cassava is one of the most important clonally propagated plants in tropical agriculture. gene flow ... | 2007 | 17614915 |
| digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of fibre in local (mong cai), f1 (mong cai x yorkshire) and exotic (landrace x yorkshire) growing pigs in vietnam. | total tract digestibility and nitrogen retention of three diets containing different levels of fibre [200, 260 and 320 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (ndf) in dry matter] were determined in three breeds of growing pig at an initial age of approximately 3.5 months. the breeds were local (mong cai, mc), f1 crossbred (mc x yorkshire) and exotic (landrace x yorkshire, ly), allocated at random within breed (block) to double 3 x 3 latin squares. the main fibrous ingredients of the experimental diets wer ... | 2007 | 17615000 |
| cassava starch fermentation wastewater: characterization and preliminary toxicological studies. | cassava starch fermentation wastewater is an industrial residue composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria with predominance of the genera lactobacillus, and organic acids. to evaluate the safety of this residue for possible production of probiotic beverages, acute in mice and sub-chronic (28-day repeated dose) toxicity studies in rats were carried. the administration of a single dose of 5 g/kg/body weight did not produce mortality in mice. rats treated with water containing 0 (control), 25%, 50%, ... | 2007 | 17637494 |
| autism: transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental antithyroid agents. | the incidence and prevalence of autism have increased during the past two decades. despite comprehensive genetic studies the cause of autism remains unknown. this review emphasizes the potential importance of environmental factors in its causation. alterations of cortical neuronal migration and cerebellar purkinje cells have been observed in autism. neuronal migration, via reelin regulation, requires triiodothyronine (t3) produced by deiodination of thyroxine (t4) by fetal brain deiodinases. exp ... | 2007 | 17651757 |
| yeast diversity in rice-cassava fermentations produced by the indigenous tapirapé people of brazil. | the tapirapé people of the tapi'itãwa tribe of brazil produce several fermented foods and beverages, one of which is called 'cauim'. this beverage usually makes up the main staple food for adults and children. several substrates are used in its production, including cassava, rice, corn, maize and peanuts. a fermentation using rice and cassava was conducted, and samples were collected at 4-h intervals for microbial analysis. the yeast population was low at the beginning of the fermentation and re ... | 2007 | 17697080 |
| the role of biotechnology for agricultural sustainability in africa. | sub-saharan africa could have a shortfall of nearly 90mt of cereals by the year 2025 if current agricultural practices are maintained. biotechnology is one of the ways to improve agricultural production. insect-resistant varieties of maize and cotton suitable for the subcontinent have been identified as already having a significant impact. virus-resistant crops are under development. these include maize resistant to the african endemic maize streak virus and cassava resistant to african cassava ... | 2008 | 17761472 |
| microbial population present in fermented beverage 'cauim' produced by brazilian amerindians. | the tapirapé amerindians of the tapi'itãwa tribe produce several fermented foods and beverages among them the beverage called 'cauim'. this beverage is the main staple food for infants until two years old and their parents. for producing the beverage, several substrates are used, such as: cassava, rice, corn, maize and peanuts. the fermentation using mainly cassava was accomplished and samples were collected for chemical and microbiological analysis. a progressive acidification during the fermen ... | 2007 | 17888538 |
| pattern of hospital admissions of children with poisoning in the sudano-sahelian north eastern nigeria. | poisoning is a major problem in the paediatric population. in view of the paucity of literature on the subject matter in the northeastern part of nigeria, this retrospective study was undertaken to describe the epidemiological features of accidental poisoning in children less than 13 years old who were admitted to the emergency paediatrics unit (epu) of the university of maiduguri teaching hospital (umth), maiduguri. the specific objectives included the determination of the age range most vulner ... | 2007 | 17902501 |
| alpha-amylase production by bacillus subtilis cm3 in solid state fermentation using cassava fibrous residue. | in extraction of starch from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), one of the major solid waste released is fibrous residues which constitute 15-20% by weight of the cassava chips/tuber processed. production of alpha -amylase under solid state fermentation by bacillus subtilis cm3 has been investigated using cassava fibrous residue. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to evaluate the effect of the main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium ph, moisture holding capacity and temp ... | 2007 | 17910107 |
| dark hydrogen fermentation from hydrolyzed starch treated with recombinant amylase originating from caldimonas taiwanensis on1. | starch is one of the most abundant resources on earth and is suited to serve as a cost-effective feedstock for biological hydrogen production. however, producing hydrogen from direct fermentation of starch is usually inefficient, as the starch hydrolysis is often the rate-limiting step. therefore, in the present work, enzymatic starch hydrolysis was conducted to enhance the feasibility of using starch feedstock for h2 production. the amylase (with a molecular weight of ca. 112 kda) used for star ... | 2007 | 17924646 |
| evidence of thermostable amylolytic activity from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis using wheat bran and corncob as alternative carbon source. | rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis produced high levels of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase under solid state fermentation, with several agricultural residues, such as wheat bran, cassava flour, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, corncob and crushed corncob as carbon sources. these materials were humidified with distilled water, tap water, or saline solutions--segato rizzatti (sr), khanna or vogel. the best substrate for amylase production was wheat bran with sr saline solution (1:2 v/v). amyl ... | 2008 | 17940804 |
| genetic analysis of maize streak virus isolates from uganda reveals widespread distribution of a recombinant variant. | maize streak virus (msv) contributes significantly to the problem of extremely low african maize yields. whilst a diverse range of msv and msv-like viruses are endemic in sub-saharan africa and neighbouring islands, only a single group of maize-adapted variants - msv subtypes a(1)-a(6) - causes severe enough disease in maize to influence yields substantially. in order to assist in designing effective strategies to control msv in maize, a large survey covering 155 locations was conducted to asses ... | 2007 | 17947543 |
| begomovirus 'melting pot' in the south-west indian ocean islands: molecular diversity and evolution through recombination. | during the last few decades, many virus species have emerged, often forming dynamic complexes within which viruses share common hosts and rampantly exchange genetic material through recombination. begomovirus species complexes are common and represent serious agricultural threats. characterization of species complex diversity has substantially contributed to our understanding of both begomovirus evolution, and the ecological and epidemiological processes involved in the emergence of new viral pa ... | 2007 | 18024917 |
| mapping est-derived ssrs and ests involved in resistance to bacterial blight in manihot esculenta. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a major root crop widely grown in the tropics. cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is an important disease in latin america and africa resulting in significant losses. the preferred control method is the use of resistant genotypes. mapping expressed sequence tags (ests) and determining their co-localization with quantitative trait loci (qtls) may give additional evidence of the role of the corresponding genes in re ... | 2007 | 18059536 |
| biochemical changes in micro-fungi fermented cassava flour produced from low- and medium-cyanide variety of cassava tubers. | comparative studies were carried out on the ability of pure strain of rhizopus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisae to alter the nutritional quality of cassava flour produced from low- and medium-cyanide variety of cassava tuber. low- and medium-cyanide variety of cassava tubers were collected from international institute of tropical agriculture (iita), ibadan, nigeria. these tubers were washed, peeled, grated and aseptically inoculated with pure strains of rhizopus oryzae and saccharomyce cerevis ... | 2007 | 18087867 |
| utilization of resistant starch of native tapioca, corn and waxy corn starches and their retrograded preparations by bifidobacterium. | anaerobic fermentation of native starches from tapioca, normal and waxy corn, and their laboratory modified preparations, by selected bifidobacterium strains (bifidobacterium pseudolongum ksi9, bifidobacterium breve kn14, and bifidobacterium animalis ks20a1) was carried out under in vitro conditions. the growth and acidifying properties of bifidobacteria and utilization of resistant starches were determined in relation to glucose in the control sample. the preparations obtained from normal and w ... | 2008 | 18097846 |
| mycoflora and natural occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips from benin, west africa. | the presence of fungi, aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips (during 28 processing and storage) were evaluated during two consecutive seasons in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savannah, ngs and sudan savannah, ss). the benin samples were assessed for moisture content, fungal infestation and total aflatoxin and fumonisin b1 contamination. during the two seasons, samples collected from the ngs, had moisture contents ranging from 10.0 to 14.7% in cassava chips and ... | 2008 | 18160162 |
| phenotypes and functional effects caused by various viral rna silencing suppressors in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum. | rna silencing suppressor genes derived from six virus genera were transformed into nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum plants. these suppressors were p1 of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), p1 of cocksfoot mottle virus, p19 of tomato bushy stunt virus, p25 of potato virus x, hcpro of potato virus y (strain n), 2b of cucumber mosaic virus (strain kin), and ac2 of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). hcpro caused the most severe phenotypes in both nicotiana spp. ac2 also produced severe effects in ... | 2008 | 18184062 |
| microbiological and biochemical profile of cv. conservolea naturally black olives during controlled fermentation with selected strains of lactic acid bacteria. | the effect of controlled fermentation processes on the microbial association and biochemical profile of cv. conservolea naturally black olives processed by the traditional anaerobic method was studied. the different treatments included (a) inoculation with a commercial starter culture of lactobacillus pentosus, (b) inoculation with a strain of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from a fermented cassava product and (c) uninoculated spontaneous process. microbial growth, ph, titratable acidity, orga ... | 2008 | 18206777 |
| do-stat fed-batch production of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid from cassava using immobilized pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bioconversion of cassava-derived glucose to 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (2-kdg) using resting cells of immobilized pseudomonas aeruginosa ifo 3448 was investigated. the tuberous roots of cassava were selected as the feedstock as they are inexpensive and widely available, and possess high amounts of starch (approximately 70% (w/w) of dry mass). immobilized bacteria was used in a fed-batch fermenter and recycled over a period of 2 weeks. given that the formation of 2-kdg from glucose requires oxygen as ... | 2008 | 18256820 |
| wild manihot species: botanical aspects, geographic distribution and economic value. | a total of 98 manihot species have been recognized in the genus. all of them are native to the tropics of the new world, particularly brazil and mexico. the cultigen, manihot esculenta crantz (cassava), grows throughout the lowland tropics. wild species vary in growth habit from acaulescent or short shrubs to tree-like. because of their adaptations to different conditions, they are gene reservoirs for tackling many abiotic and biotic stresses such as improving root quality and resistance to dise ... | 2008 | 18273815 |
| in vitro screening of relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids from foods. | carotenoids are lipophilic pigments in plant foods that are of particular interest as precursors of vitamin a, a nutrient required for vision, cell differentiation, and the immune system. in order to mediate such activities, carotenoids and their metabolites must be absorbed for delivery to tissues. unlike many other dietary lipids, the efficiency of carotenoid absorption is typically inefficient, being affected by food matrix, style of processing, other dietary components, and nutritional and p ... | 2008 | 18296337 |
| [the killing effect and bystander effect of linamarase/linamarin suicide gene system on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2 in vitro]. | to investigate the killing effect of linamarase/linamarin (lis/lin) system on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2 in vitro. | 2008 | 18328192 |
| dietary fibre and fermentability characteristics of root crops and legumes. | the dietary fibre and fermentability characteristics of local root crops and legumes were determined. total, soluble and insoluble fibre were determined in six root crops (kamote, gabi, potato, tugi, ube, cassava) and ten legumes (mungbean, soyabean, peanut, pole sitao, cowpea, chickpea, green pea, lima bean, kidney bean and pigeon pea) using association of official analytical chemists methods. the dietary fibre from test foods was isolated and fermented in vitro using human faecal inoculum simu ... | 2008 | 18331664 |
| acarological diagnostic research at the diagnostic centre for plants during the period 2004-2006. | during the period 2004-2006, 1691 samples of different origin were examined at the diagnostic centre for plants. we received 1046 samples of imported plant material for detection and identification of quarantine organisms. more than 200 samples were checked on mites and insects to get a phytosanitary certificate for export and 391 samples were investigated for diagnostic reason. the berlese-funnel and dissecting microscopy technique were used to separate mites from the samples. for identificatio ... | 2007 | 18399474 |
| continuous production of ethanol from starch using glucoamylase and yeast co-immobilized in pectin gel. | this work presents a continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process to produce ethanol from starch using glucoamylase and saccharomyces cerevisiae co-immobilized in pectin gel. the enzyme was immobilized on macroporous silica, after silanization and activation of the support with glutaraldehyde. the silica-enzyme derivative was co-immobilized with yeast in pectin gel. this biocatalyst was used to produce ethanol from liquefied manioc root flour syrup, in three fixed bed ... | 2008 | 18401752 |
| role of a geminivirus av2 protein putative protein kinase c motif on subcellular localization and pathogenicity. | virus-derived genes or genome fragments are increasingly being used to generate transgenic plants with resistance to plant viruses. there is need to rapidly investigate these genes in plants using transient expression prior to using them as transgenes since they may be pathogenic to plants. in this study, we investigated the av2 protein encoded by east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus, a virus associated with a cassava disease epidemic in western africa. for subcellular localization, av2 wa ... | 2008 | 18405995 |
| production of cyclodextrins by cgtase from bacillus clausii using different starches as substrates. | cyclodextrins (cds) are cyclic oligasaccharides composed by d-glucose monomers joined by alpha-1,4-d glicosidic linkages. the main types of cds are alpha-, beta- and gamma-cds consisting of cycles of six, seven, and eight glucose monomers, respectively. their ability to form inclusion complexes is the most important characteristic, allowing their wide industrial application. the physical property of the cd-complexed compound can be altered to improve stability, volatility, solubility, or bio-ava ... | 2008 | 18421582 |
| efficient production of active form of recombinant cassava hydroxynitrile lyase using escherichia coli in low-temperature culture. | overexpression and production of the high concentration of hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta (mehnl, ec 4.1.2.39)) were investigated. hydroxynitrile lyase is a useful enzyme for the production of optically active cyanohydrin compounds. the production of mehnl was increased by changing the rare codons of the original sequence of cassava mehnl. however, most of the produced mehnl was in the insoluble form. in order to increase the solubility of mehnl, the effects of the cultivat ... | 2008 | 18427803 |
| effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in cats. | the effects of diets with different starch sources on the total tract apparent digestibility and glucose and insulin responses in cats were investigated. six experimental diets consisting of 35% starch were extruded, each containing one of the following ingredients: cassava flour, brewers rice, corn, sorghum, peas, or lentils. the experiment was carried out on 36 cats with 6 replications per diet in a completely randomized block design. the brewers rice diet offered greater dm, om, and ge digest ... | 2008 | 18469063 |
| effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post-prandial glucose and insulin response. | the effects of six extruded diets with different starch sources (cassava flour, brewer's rice, corn, sorghum, peas or lentils) on dog total tract apparent digestibility and glycemic and insulinemic response were investigated. the experiment was carried out on thirty-six dogs with six dogs per diet in a completely randomized design. the diets containing brewer's rice and cassava flour presented the greatest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p < 0.05), followed by corn ... | 2008 | 18477314 |
| dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of agricultural and agro-industrial residues for ethanol production. | the potential of dilute-acid prehydrolysis as a pretreatment method for sugarcane bagasse, rice hulls, peanut shells, and cassava stalks was investigated. the prehydrolysis was performed at 122 degrees c during 20, 40, or 60 min using 2% h(2)so(4) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. sugar formation increased with increasing reaction time. xylose, glucose, arabinose, and galactose were detected in all of the prehydrolysates, whereas mannose was found only in the prehydrolysates of peanut shells a ... | 2007 | 18478400 |
| genome shuffling of lactobacillus delbrueckii mutant and bacillus amyloliquefaciens through protoplasmic fusion for l-lactic acid production from starchy wastes. | current study was focused on the development of a non-fastidious lactic acid producing strain having better growth rate, low ph tolerance and good productivity by genome shuffling of a mutant strain of lactobacillus delbrueckii ncim 2025 and an amylase producing non-fastidious bacillus amyloliquefaciens atcc 23842. after the third cycle of the protoplast fusion, lactic acid production by few fusants was monitored and the best fusant was selected for further studies. optimization of the important ... | 2008 | 18482834 |
| development of hydrogel patch for controlled release of alpha-hydroxy acid contained in tamarind fruit pulp extract. | synopsis the aim of this study was to develop hydrogel patch using crosslinked chitosan-starch as polymeric matrix for controlling the release of the natural alpha-hydroxy acid (aha) contained in the extract of tamarind's fruit pulp. the chitosan (mw 100 000) was blended with corn, tapioca or rice starch in various ratios and then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. the physical characteristics, mechanical resistance, bio-adhesion property and surface morphology of the prepared hydrogel patches wit ... | 2005 | 18492158 |
| formulation and development of a patch containing tamarind fruit extract by using the blended chitosan-starch as a rate-controlling matrix. | a cosmetic patch containing tamarind fruit extract was formulated and developed by blending two types of natural polymers: chitosan with molecular weight of 100 000 and starch such as corn, potato or tapioca starch. the physicochemical characteristics, i.e. flexibility, colour, transparency, integrity, gloss, water sorption and bioadhesion property and the stability of the patch without tamarind content were investigated. stability test was performed by keeping the prepared patches at 4 degrees ... | 2003 | 18494893 |
| the effect of long-term feeding of fresh and ensiled cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats. | the benefit of long-term feeding of fresh or ensiled cassava foliage on gastrointestinal parasite in goats was evaluated. eighteen male goats (15.15 +/- 2.83 kg and between 4-6 months) were randomly allocated into three treatments supplemented with 200 g of wheat bran head(-1) day(-1). all groups were fed ad-libitum on either grass (co), fresh cassava (caf) or ensiled cassava foliage (cas). at the beginning of the trial, each goat was inoculated with 3000 l3 containing approximately 50% haemonch ... | 2009 | 18516697 |
| statistical optimization of alpha-amylase production with immobilized cells of streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 in luffa cylindrica l. sponge discs. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of streptomyces erumpens cells immobilized in various matrices, i.e., agar-agar, polyacrylamide, and luffa (luffa cylindrica l.) sponge for production of alpha-amylase. luffa sponge was found to be 21% and 51% more effective in enzyme yield than agar-agar and polyacrylamide, respectively. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three main variables, i.e., incubation period, ph, and temperature on enzyme production ... | 2009 | 18521760 |
| simultaneous expression of an arylacetonitrilase from pseudomonas fluorescens and a (s)-oxynitrilase from manihot esculenta in pichia pastoris for the synthesis of (s)-mandelic acid. | the arylacetonitrilase of pseudomonas fluorescens ebc191 catalyzes the conversion of (s)-mandelonitrile to (s)-mandelic acid and (s)-mandeloamide. this biotransformation is optimally performed under acidic ph values because (s)-mandelonitrile rapidly decomposes under neutral conditions. therefore, the gene encoding the arylacetonitrilase of p. fluorescens ebc191 was integrated and expressed under the control of the aox1 promoter in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris which was supposed to a ... | 2008 | 18523765 |
| expression of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in yeast and its application in (s)-mandelonitrile production using an immobilized enzyme reactor. | hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava, manihot esculenta (mehnl), catalyzes the formation of (s)-cyanohydrins from hcn and aldehydes or ketones. (s)-mandelonitrile was produced on a bench scale with immobilized mehnl, after optimizing the enzyme expression system using recombinant technology. mehnl was cloned from a cdna library prepared from a leaf of manihot esculenta, and then expressed in a multi-auxotrophic mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. the maximum yield of active mehnl was obtained ... | 2008 | 18540112 |
| screening of aflatoxins and zearalenone in feedstuffs and complete feeds for pigs in southern vietnam. | a survey ofaflatoxins and zearalenone (zea) in 120 samples, including cassava chip (12), maize (12), rice bran (24), broken rice (24), and complete feeds for growing pigs (24) and sows (24) was carried out in southern vietnam. aflatoxin b1 (afb1), b2 (afb2), g1 (afg1) and g2 (afg2) were determined by an hplc method using an immunoaffinity column for clean-up. zearalenone was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) agraquant. high incidences of aflatoxins and zea in feedstuffs and p ... | 2008 | 18551782 |
| alcoholic fermentation of raw cassava starch by rhizopus koji without cooking. | using only wheat bran koji from the rhizopus strain, raw cassava starch and cassava pellets converted reasonably well to alcohol (ethanol) without cooking at 35 degrees c and ph 4.5-5.0. when the initial broth contained 30 g raw cassava starch, 10 g rhizopus sp. koji, and 100 ml tap water, 12.1 g of alcohol was recovered by final distillation from fermented broth. in this case, 12.1 g alcohol corresponds to an 85.5% conversion rate based on the theoretical values of the starch content. when the ... | 1984 | 18553296 |
| ethanol fermentation of raw cassava starch with rhizopus koji in a gas circulation type fermentor. | studies have been conducted in a gas circulation type fermentor in order to characterize the ethanol fermentation of uncooked cassava starch with rhizopus koji. results showed that ethanol concentration reached 13-14% (v/v) in 4-day broth, and the maximum productivity of ethanol was 2.3 g ethanol/l broth h. this productivity was about 50% compared to the productivity of a glucose-yeast system. ethanol yield reached 83.5-72.3% of the theoretical yield for the cassava starch used. the fermentor us ... | 1985 | 18553810 |
| macronutrient digestibility in kadon pigs fed diets with isonitrogenous amounts of various carbohydrate sources. | in this experiment, the apparent digestibility of diets with isonitrogenous amounts of different carbohydrate sources was determined in kadon pigs, which are native to the north-east of thailand and typically kept on small-holder farms. eight male and eight female pigs were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design with diets containing either ground corn (gc), rice bran (rb), broken rice (br) or cassava chips (cc). the diet with br induced the highest digestibilities for protein and energy, but also ... | 2008 | 18557187 |
| diversity of begomoviruses associated with mosaic disease of cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its wild relative (manihot glaziovii mull. arg.) in uganda. | cassava (manihot esculenta) growing in uganda during 2001-2002 has been screened for the presence of begomoviruses using pcr-rflp, cloning full-length genomic components and nucleotide sequence analysis. in contrast with a recent survey in neighbouring kenya, which identified three distinct strains of east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv, eacmv-ug and eacmv-ke2) as well as east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus and the new species east african cassava mosaic kenya virus, only eacmv-ug an ... | 2008 | 18559947 |
| production of insoluble exopolysaccharide of agrobacterium sp. (atcc 31749 and ifo 13140). | agrobacterium isolated from soil samples produced two extracellular polysaccharides: succinoglycan, an acidic soluble polymer, and curdlan gum, a neutral, insoluble polymer. maize glucose, cassava glucose, and maize maltose were used in fermentation medium to produce insoluble polysaccharide. two agrobacterium sp. strains which were used (atcc 31749 and ifo 13140) in the production of insoluble exopolysaccharide presented equal or superior yields compared to the literature. the strain atcc 31749 ... | 2006 | 18563660 |
| isolation and characterization of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene cluster in sphaceloma manihoticola. | gibberellins (gas) are tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones that were first identified as secondary metabolites of the fungus fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph, gibberella fujikuroi). gas were also found in the cassava pathogen sphaceloma manihoticola, but the spectrum of gas differed from that in f. fujikuroi. in contrast to f. fujikuroi, the ga biosynthetic pathway has not been studied in detail in s. manihoticola, and none of the ga biosynthetic genes have been cloned from the species. here, we ... | 2008 | 18567680 |
| a process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid substrate fermentation in rural conditions. | an artisanal static process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid-state fermentation, developed in laboratory and tested on pilot units in burundi (central africa), provides enriched cassava containing 10.7% of dry matter protein versus 1% before fermentation. cassava chips, processed into granules of 2-4-mm diameter, are moistened (40% water content) and steamed. after cooling to 40 degrees c, cassava is mixed with a nutritive solution containing the inoculum (rhizopus oryzae, strain mucl ... | 1987 | 18576545 |
| heat transfer simulation in solid substrate fermentation. | a mathematical model was developed and tested to simulate the generation and transfer of heat in solid substrate fermentation (ssf). the experimental studies were realized in a 1-l static bioreactor packed with cassava wet meal and inoculated with aspergillus niger. a simplified pseudohomogeneous monodimensional dynamic model was used for the energy balance. kinetic equations taking into account biomass formation (logistic), sugar consumption (with maintenance), and carbon dioxide formation were ... | 1990 | 18592581 |
| production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis lb5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as substrate. | the main characteristic of biosurfactants is their property of reducing the superficial and interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids of different polarities. the main obstacle to the application of biosurfactants is the high production costs, the use of alternative substrates being indicated to solve this problem. this work report the production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis lb5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as the substrate, and the study of the parameters related ... | 2008 | 18594889 |
| evaluation of constitutive viral promoters in transgenic soybean roots and nodules. | the efficiency of beta-glucuronidase (gus) expression was evaluated with five viral promoters to identify the most suitable promoter or promoters for use in soybean hairy roots, including applications to study the symbiotic interaction with bradyrhizobium japonicum. levels of gus activity were fluorimetrically and histochemically assayed when the gus (uida) gene was driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and enhanced 35s (e35s) promoter, the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) ... | 2008 | 18616399 |
| disassembly of african cassava mosaic virus. | the plant-infecting geminiviruses encapsidate their single-stranded dna genome in characteristic twinned particles that are unique among viruses. these particles are formed by joining two incomplete t=1 icosahedra. african cassava mosaic virions were purified by density-gradient centrifugation from infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and analysed for their stability with respect to ph changes and heat treatment by using electron microscopy. negative staining and rotary shadowing revealed stabl ... | 2008 | 18632975 |
| production and characterization of a plant alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase in escherichia coli. | the coding sequence of the cyanogenic alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase gene of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was cloned in the plasmid vector pmal-c2 and expressed in escherichia coli strain jm105. dna sequencing showed that the recombinant plasmid contained the same sequence as the cdna clone phnl10. peptide sequencing of the recombinant protein showed that the n-terminus was heterogeneous, with either four or six additional amino acid residues compared with the native protein. circular dichrois ... | 1997 | 18633988 |
| alternate hosts of african cassava mosaic virus and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus in nigeria. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) is the major constraint to cassava production in nigeria. sequences of the dna-a component of acmv and eacmcv isolates from leguminous plant species (senna occidentalis, leucana leucocephala and glycine max), castor oil plant (ricinus communis), a weed host (combretum confertum) and a wild species of cassava (manihot glaziovii) were determined. all acmv isolates from ... | 2008 | 18661095 |
| inhibition of chemically induced inflammation and pain by orally and topically administered leaf extract of manihot esculenta crantz in rodents. | the aqueous leaf extract of manihot esculenta crantz (mele) is being used orally and topically in traditional african medicine for the treatment of inflammation and pain, and claimed to be safe. the anti-inflammatory effects of mele (100-400 mg/kg, p.o. or 1-4%, w/w in petroleum jelly, topically) were tested against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats as well as against xylene-induced ear oedema in mice. the analgesic effect of mele (100-400 mg/kg, p.o. or 1-4%, w/w in petroleum jelly, topica ... | 2008 | 18675525 |
| an investigation of microbial adhesion to natural and synthetic polysaccharide-based films and its relationship with the surface energy components. | in recent years, polysaccharide-based films have been developed for many applications. some of these are in the pharmaceutical industry, where the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces is a concern. after adhesion of a microorganism to a solid surface has taken place, the subsequent biofilm formed can act as a vehicle for spreading infections. the aim of this study is to compare the bacterial adhesion of e. coli and s. aureus from a contaminated solid model (tryptone soya agar) to a range of po ... | 2009 | 18712504 |
| cloning, extracellular expression and characterization of a predominant beta-cgtase from bacillus sp. g1 in e. coli. | the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase, ec 2.4.1.19) gene from bacillus sp. g1 was successfully isolated and cloned into escherichia coli. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 2,109 bp and encoded a 674 amino acid protein. purified cgtase exhibited a molecular weight of 75 kda and had optimum activity at ph 6 and 60 degrees c. heterologous recombinant protein expression in e. coli is commonly problematic causing intracellular localization and ... | 2008 | 18726621 |
| effects of soya fatty acids on cassava ethanol fermentation. | ethanol tolerance is a key trait of microbes in bioethanol production. previous studies have shown that soya flour contributed to the increase of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells. in this paper, the mechanism of this ethanol tolerance improvement was investigated in cassava ethanol fermentation supplemented with soya flour or defatted soya flour, respectively. experiment results showed that ethanol tolerance of cells from soya flour supplemented medium increased by 4-6% (v/v) than the control wi ... | 2010 | 18769879 |
| intestinal inflammation in nursing infants: different causes and a single treatment ... but of protected origin. | three case histories of nursing infants suffering from different forms of intestinal problems, who underwent special dietary therapy in order to solve situations that would be difficult to deal with using the special artificial milk varieties on the market, are presented. these children were administered a homemade food consisting ofparmigiano reggiano cheese seasoned for at least 36 months, rice or maize custard and tapioca, sugar, maize oil. in the first case the diagnosis of "widespread nonsp ... | 2008 | 18788512 |
| multiplex pcr for the detection of african cassava mosaic virus and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus in cassava. | a multiplex pcr was developed for simultaneous detection of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) in cassava affected with cassava mosaic disease (cmd). one set of three primers consisting of an upstream primer common for both viruses and two down stream virus-specific primers were designed for simultaneous amplification of 368 base pair (bp) and 650 bp dna fragments specific to the replicase gene of acmv and eacmcv, respectively. similarly, ... | 2008 | 18789974 |
| characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.). | phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) cdna from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) revealed high sequence similarity to pal genes in nicotiana tabacum (92%), ipomoea nil (87%), manihot esculenta (84%), and catharanthus roseus (84%). the slpal5 gene exists as multiple copies in the tomato plant, and its transcription was strongly expressed in old leaves and flowers. from 5 days post-anthesis to the onset of ripening, slpal5 expre ... | 2009 | 18791854 |
| a single amino acid change in a geminiviral rep protein differentiates between triggering a plant defence response and initiating viral dna replication. | we have devised an in planta system for functional analysis of the replication-associated protein (rep) of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). using this assay and pcr-based random mutagenesis, we have identified an acmv rep mutant that failed to trigger the hypersensitive response (hr), but had an enhanced ability to initiate dna replication. the mutant rep-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. sequence analysis showed that the mutated rep gene had three ... | 2008 | 18796734 |
| use of lactobacillus strains to start cassava fermentations for gari production. | two lactobacillus strains, lactobacillus plantarum bfe 6710 and lactobacillus fermentum bfe 6620, were used to start cassava fermentations in a pilot study under field production conditions in kenya, to determine their potential to establish themselves as predominant lactobacilli during the fermentation. predominant strains from three fermentations were isolated throughout the 48 h fermentation period. the use of these strains in high numbers clearly resulted in 1 to 2 log higher lactic acid bac ... | 2008 | 18834642 |
| fusarium species from the cassava root rot complex in west africa. | abstract fusarium species are a significant component of the set of fungi associated with cassava root rot. yield losses due to root rot average 0.5 to 1 ton/ha but losses >3 ton/ha, an equivalent of 15 to 20% yield, often occur. this paper reviews previous work on cassava root rot and summarizes a few recent studies on fusarium species associated with the disease. our studies in cameroon showed that 30% of rotted tubers were infected by fusarium spp. 12 months after planting and represented 25% ... | 2006 | 18943189 |
| identification of pathotypes of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in africa and detection of quantitative trait loci and markers for resistance to bacterial blight of cassava. | abstract cassava suffers from bacterial blight attack in all growing regions. control by resistance is unstable due to high genotype-environment interactions. identifying genes for resistance to african strains of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis can support breeding efforts. five f(1) cassava genotypes deriving from the male parent 'cm2177-2' and the female parent 'tms30572' were used to produce 111 individuals by backcrossing to the female parent. in all, 16 genotypes among the mapping pop ... | 2004 | 18943797 |
| measuring the genetic diversity of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis within different fields in colombia. | abstract cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, is a widespread disease that affects cassava (manihot esculenta). we collected 238 x. axonopodis pv. manihotis strains by intensively sampling single fields in four edaphoclimatic zones (eczs) in colombia. dna polymorphism of different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis populations was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr), and ... | 2000 | 18944486 |
| development of a new semiselective medium for isolating xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis from plant material and soil. | abstract an effective control for bacterial blight of cassava (manihot esculenta), caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis, requires the use of non-contaminated cuttings and seeds. using classical agar plating techniques for screening planting material for contamination has not been very successful because of the lack of a reliable semiselective agar medium. the pathogen grows slowly on general plating media and is easily overgrown by saprophytic bacteria during isolation from diseased pl ... | 1999 | 18944695 |
| feed preference in pigs: effect of cereal sources at different inclusion rates. | the palatability of different cereals was studied in 2 two-way choice (preference) experiments using pigs of 56 d of age and 17 kg of bw. in exp. 1, the effect of 24 cereals vs. a common reference diet containing white rice on feed preference in pigs was studied. pigs were offered free choice between the reference diet and a diet with the cereal under study for 4 d. barley, corn (2 sources), wheat, cassava meal, biscuit meal, rye, sorghum, and 1 source of oats were tested at inclusion rates of 3 ... | 2009 | 18952740 |
| agroinfection of cloned sri lankan cassava mosaic virus dna to arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum and cassava. | sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) is a bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in india and sri lanka. we have used agrobacterium-mediated inoculation (agroinoculation) of cloned slcmv dna to inoculate additional hosts, nicotiana tabacum and arabidopsis. although slcmv infection in these hosts caused stunting, leaf deformation and developmental abnormalities, accumulation levels of viral dna in the infected plants suggested that this virus was poorly adapted to them. in the natural host, c ... | 2008 | 18982246 |
| potential uses of local feed resources for ruminants. | energy and protein sources are of prime importance for ruminants as they stimulate microorganisms in the rumen and enhance the productive functions of the animals. cassava roots in the form of dry cassava chips or pellets as energy sources and dried cassava leaves and cassava hay as protein sources have been used successfully in ruminant rations. these uses of cassava could provide year-round feed which results in a high yield and good quality of milk and contribute to a more lucrative dairy and ... | 2009 | 19015946 |
| [infestation of pseudopiazurus papayanus (marshall) (coleoptera: curculionidae) on carica spp. and vasconcella spp. genotypes]. | the papaya borer weevil, pseudopiazurus papayanus (marshall), is generally considered a secondary pest, but it has been reported in high infestations in northeast brazil. this work aimed at evaluating the occurrence of p. papayanus and reporting its infestation level in papaya genotypes kept at the germplasm bank of embrapa cassava & tropical fruits (cruz das almas, bahia, brazil). the number of larvae, pupae and adults found in each plant of 65 carica spp. genotypes and of three vasconcella spp ... | 2008 | 19061052 |
| protein extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of ammonia-treated cassava leaves (manihot esculenta crantz). | in the present work, cassava leaves were treated with 0.5 kg ammonia/kg dry matter at 78 degrees c and 30% moisture content in a 2-kg reactor. protein extraction was carried out with a calcium hydroxide solution (ph 10) for 30 min at several temperatures (30 degrees c, 45 degrees c, 60 degrees c, 75 degrees c, and 90 degrees c) and solid/liquid ratios (1:10 and 1:15) in a thermostatized bath. soluble protein content of the extracts was determined by lowry's method. dry substrate concentrations o ... | 2009 | 19067247 |
| evaluation of a morphological marker selection and excision system to generate marker-free transgenic cassava plants. | the efficacy of the ipt-type multi-auto-transformation (mat) vector system to transform the extensively grown cassava cultivar "ku50" was evaluated. this system utilizes the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene as morphological marker for visual selection of transgenic lines. the extreme shooty phenotype (esp) of transgenic lines is lost due to the removal of ipt gene mediated by the yeast rint/rs system. as a result, phenotypically normal shoots, considered marker-free transgenic plants, could be ... | 2009 | 19093119 |
| factors affecting hydrogen production from cassava wastewater by a co-culture of anaerobic sludge and rhodospirillum rubrum. | series of batch experiments were used to investigate the effects of environmental factors, i.e., total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, initial ph, illumination pattern and stirring conditions on hydrogen production from cassava wastewater by a co-culture of anaerobic sludge and rhodospirillum rubrum. the maximum of the hydrogen yield of 150.46 and 340.19 ml g-cod(-1) was obtained at the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of 0.2 and 0.04 m, respectively. an effect of ... | 2007 | 19093464 |
| infestation and population dynamics of insects on stored cassava and yams chips in benin, west africa. | natural insect infestation in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz subspecies esculenta) and yam (dioscorea spp.) chips was evaluated during two consecutive storage seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savanna [ngs] and sudan savanna [ss]). the insects infesting chips were collected, identified, and counted, they included prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrychidae), cathartus quadricollis (guerin) (coleoptera: silvanidae), carpophilus ... | 2008 | 19133481 |
| cassava with enhanced beta-carotene maintains adequate vitamin a status in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content. | efforts to increase beta-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-beta-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin a deficiency has not been determined. two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin a in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin a status in vitamin a-depleted mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). gerbils were fed a vitamin a-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. in expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) inclu ... | 2009 | 19138445 |
| genetically distinct strains of cassava brown streak virus in the lake victoria basin and the indian ocean coastal area of east africa. | six isolates of cassava brown streak virus (cbsv, genus ipomovirus; potyviridae) from the lake victoria basin in uganda and tanzania were characterized. virus particles were 650 nm long. the complete coat protein (cp)-encoding sequences (1,101 nucleotides, nt) were 90.7-99.5 and 93.7-99.5% identical at the nt and amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. the 3' untranslated region was 225, 226 or 227 nt long. these eight isolates were only 75.8-77.5% (nt) and 87.0-89.9% (aa) identical when compared ... | 2009 | 19184340 |
| novel methods for storage stability and release of bacillus spores. | bacillus subtilis spores were immobilized in activated charcoal and tapioca and filled with acacia gum. these formulations were tested for spore stability during storage at temperatures ranging from 40 degrees c to 90 degrees c and for bacterial release. thermodynamic analysis showed that immobilization of spores in acacia gum significantly increased their viability compared with unprotected spores. the viability was further increased when suspensions of spores in acacia gum were added to granul ... | 2008 | 19194925 |
| adaptability of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts to sourdoughs prepared from cereals, pseudocereals and cassava and use of competitive strains as starters. | the adaptability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts to sourdoughs prepared from cereals, pseudocereals and cassava was investigated using pcr-dgge and bacteriological culture combined with rrna gene sequence analysis. sourdoughs were prepared either from flours of the cereals wheat, rye, oat, barley, rice, maize, and millet, or from the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat, or from cassava, using a starter consisting of various species of lab and yeasts. doughs were propagated unt ... | 2009 | 19239979 |
| improving the performance of a continuous process for the production of ethanol from starch. | in a previous work, a continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process to produce ethanol from cassava starch was studied, using a set of fixed-bed reactors. the biocatalyst consisted of glucoamylase immobilized in silica particles and co-immobilized with s. cerevisiae in pectin gel. using 3.8 u ml(-1) (reactor) and 0.05 g(wet yeast) ml(-1) (reactor) at start-up, starch hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step. maximum ethanol productivity was 5.8 g(ethanol) l(-1) h(-1), with 94.0% ... | 2009 | 19240991 |
| validation of high rates of nucleotide substitution in geminiviruses: phylogenetic evidence from east african cassava mosaic viruses. | whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses are major pathogens of the important crop cassava in africa. the intensive sampling and sequencing of cassava mosaic disease-causing viruses that occurred in the wake of a severe outbreak in central africa (1997-2002) allowed us to estimate the rate of evolution of this virus. east african cassava mosaic virus and related species are obligately bipartite (dna-a and dna-b segments), and these two genome segments have different evolutionary histories. despite the ... | 2009 | 19264617 |
| alpha-amylase production by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology (rsm). | production of alpha-amylase under solid state fermentation by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 has been investigated using different agro-industrial residues, i.e. cassava bagasse, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran; wheat bran was found to be the best substrate. among different nitrogen source supplemented to wheat bran, beef extract or peptone (1%) showed maximum enzyme production. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of main process parameters as incubation period (48 h), ... | 2008 | 19275042 |
| novel method for high-throughput colony pcr screening in nanoliter-reactors. | we introduce a technology for the rapid identification and sequencing of conserved dna elements employing a novel suspension array based on nanoliter (nl)-reactors made from alginate. the reactors have a volume of 35 nl and serve as reaction compartments during monoseptic growth of microbial library clones, colony lysis, thermocycling and screening for sequence motifs via semi-quantitative fluorescence analyses. nl-reactors were kept in suspension during all high-throughput steps which allowed p ... | 2009 | 19282448 |