| polyphasic approach for the characterization of rhizobial symbionts effective in fixing n(2) with common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) is a legume that has been reported as highly promiscuous in nodulating with a variety of rhizobial strains, often with low effectiveness in fixing nitrogen. the aim of this work was to assess the symbiotic efficiency of rhizobial strains isolated from common bean seeds, nodules of arachis hypogaea, mucuna pruriens, and soils from various brazilian agroecosystems, followed by the characterization of elite strains identified in the first screening. forty-five el ... | 2011 | 22159885 |
| Biosynthesis of the major tetrahydroxystilbenes in spruce, astringin and isorhapontin, proceeds via resveratrol and is enhanced by fungal infection. | Stilbenes are dibenzyl polyphenolic compounds produced in several unrelated plant families that appear to protect against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Stilbene biosynthesis has been well described in economically important plants, such as grape (Vitis vinifera), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and pine (Pinus species). However, very little is known about the biosynthesis and ecological role of stilbenes in spruce (Picea), an important gymnosperm tree genus in temperate and boreal forests. To ... | 2011 | 21865488 |
| a qtl study on late leaf spot and rust revealed one major qtl for molecular breeding for rust resistance in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). | late leaf spot (lls) and rust are two major foliar diseases of groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) that often occur together leading to 50-70% yield loss in the crop. a total of 268 recombinant inbred lines of a mapping population tag 24 x gpbd 4 segregating for lls and rust were used to undertake quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis. phenotyping of the population was carried out under artificial disease epiphytotics. positive correlations between different stages, high to very high heritability ... | 2010 | 20526757 |
| cloning a peanut resveratrol synthase gene and its expression in purple sweet potato. | a resveratrol synthase gene was cloned from the peanut plant (arachis hypogaea) by rt-pcr and was transformed into purple sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. stem sections were infected with bacterial solution of od(600) = 0.4 for 20 min and then cocultured for 2 days. infected explants were cultured on ms media containing 50 mg/l kanamycin, 0.02 mg/l naa and 1 mg/l 6-ba for bud induction or containing 75 mg/l kanamycin, 1.0 mg/l naa and 0.1 mg/l 6-ba for roo ... | 2012 | 21932029 |
| purification of resveratrol, arachidin-1, and arachidin-3 from hairy root cultures of peanut (arachis hypogaea) and determination of their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. | antioxidant stilbenoids, such as resveratrol, arachidin-1, and arachidin-3, have demonstrated beneficial effects on human health. although resveratrol is commercially available, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 are not, resulting in an opportunity to explore purification methods and to confirm biological activity. recently, arachis hypogaea hairy root cultures (produced via agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation) were reported to secrete stilbenoids into liquid growth media upon elicitation ... | 2010 | 20623593 |
| analysis of expression and glycosylation of avian metapneumovirus attachment glycoprotein from recombinant baculoviruses. | recently, we reported the expression and glycosylation of avian metapneumovirus attachment glycoprotein (ampv/c g protein) in eukaryotic cell lines by a transient-expression method. in the present study, we investigated the biosynthesis and o-linked glycosylation of the ampv/c g protein in a baculovirus expression system. the results showed that the insect cell-produced g protein migrated more rapidly in sds-page as compared to llc-mk2 cell-derived g proteins owing to glycosylation differences. ... | 2010 | 20713098 |
| comparing symbiotic efficiency between swollen versus nonswollen rhizobial bacteroids. | symbiotic rhizobia differentiate physiologically and morphologically into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids inside legume host nodules. the differentiation is apparently terminal in some legume species, such as peas (pisum sativum) and peanuts (arachis hypogaea), likely due to extreme cell swelling induced by the host. in other legume species, such as beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpeas (vigna unguiculata), differentiation into bacteroids, which are similar in size and shape to free-living rhizobia, ... | 2010 | 20837702 |
| rhizobial nod factors are required for cortical cell division in the nodule morphogenetic programme of the aeschynomeneae legume arachis. | nod factors are among the best-studied molecules implicated in the signal exchange that leads to legume-rhizobia symbiosis. the role of these molecules in symbiosis development has been primarily studied in legumes invaded through infection threads. in these plants, nod factors generate several responses required for nodulation, including the induction of cortical cell division to form the nodule primordium. arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) exhibits a specific mode of rhizobial infection and nodule ... | 2011 | 21815984 |
| over expression of rice chitinase gene in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) improves resistance against leaf spot. | a rice chitinase-3 under enhance version of camv 35s was introduced into peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) through agrobacterium mediation. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lb4404 was used harboring the binary vector (pb1333-en4-rcg3) containing the chitinase (chit) and hygromycin resistance (hpt) gene as selectable marker. putative transgenic shoots were regenerated and grown on ms medium supplemented with 5-ámg/l bap, 1-ámg/l kinetin, and 30-ámg/l hygromycin. elongated shoots were examined for the ... | 2011 | 21688039 |
| influence of corn on stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae) in subsequent crops. | in southeastern united states farmscapes, corn, zea mays l., is often closely associated with peanut, (arachis hypogaea l.), cotton, (gossypium hirsutum l.), or both. the objective of this 3-yr on-farm study was to examine the influence of corn on stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae), nezara viridula (l.), and euschistus servus (say), in subsequent crops in these farmscapes. adults of both stink bug species entered corn first, and seasonal occurrence of stink bug eggs, nymphs, and adults indic ... | 2011 | 22251727 |
| impact of elevated co₂ on tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura on peanut, arachis hypogea. | if the carbon dioxide (co(2)) concentration in the atmosphere changes in the future, as predicted, it could influence crops and insect pests. the growth and development of the tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura (fabricius) (noctuidae: lepidoptera), reared on peanut (arachis hypogea l.) foliage grown under elevated co(2) (550 ppm and 700 ppm) concentrations in open top chambers at central research institute for dryland agriculture, hyderabad, india, were examined in this study. significantly ... | 2012 | 23437971 |
| predicting favorable conditions for early leaf spot of peanut using output from the weather research and forecasting (wrf) model. | early leaf spot of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), a disease caused by cercospora arachidicola s. hori, is responsible for an annual crop loss of several million dollars in the southeastern united states alone. the development of early leaf spot on peanut and subsequent spread of the spores of c. arachidicola relies on favorable weather conditions. accurate spatio-temporal weather information is crucial for monitoring the progression of favorable conditions and determining the potential threat of ... | 2011 | 21494900 |
| effects of necrotic enteritis challenge on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile. | 1. this study investigated the effect of eimeria spp./clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and traditional antibiotic preventatives on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile. 2. a total of 600 cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following three groups: (i) unchallenged, (ii) challenged, and (iii) zinc bacitracin/monensin (znb/monensin) (n = 25 chickens/pen, 8 pens/group). the challenged and znb/monensin chickens were individually inoculated with eimeria ... | 2011 | 21919578 |
| [sphingolipids and glycolipids of fungi and higher plants. v. on the structure of the phytoglycolipid from arachis hypogaea l]. | | 2013 | 4390049 |
| peanut alkaline lipase. | peanut alkaline lipase, (glycerol ester hydrolase ec 3.1.1.3), ph optimum 8.5, was isolated from acetone powders prepared from developing and germinated peanut seed (arachis hypogaea l. var. nc-2). enzyme activity/seed increased in successive developmental stages. the course of the hydrolytic reaction was linear with regard to enzyme concentration and all times tested up to periods exceeding 60 min. km for the reaction was determined to be 2.6 times 10-4m. molecular weight of peanut lipase, as e ... | 1975 | 235692 |
| the preputial gland of the japanese serow capricornis crispus: ultrastructure and lectin histochemistry. | preputial glands of the japanese serow were found to consist of the modified sebaceous gland and apocrine gland in both sexes. in the modified sebaceous gland, cells transformed gradually toward the lumen from plentiful cytoplasm to a sponge-like network. lipid droplets were observed in mitochondria of differentiating cells. by lectin histochemistry, differentiating cells were stained with arachis hypogaea (pna), triticum vulgaris (wga) and canavalia ensiformis (con a) lectins, while secretory c ... | 2009 | 2728845 |
| lectin binding in the male breast. | twenty-four male breast lesions including ten normal, ten gynaecomastia, and four infiltrating carcinomas were studied for the presence and distribution of lectin binding carbohydrates. for comparison, tissue sections of five normal female breast lesions, ten each of fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, and carcinoma, were also included in this study. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were tested with glycine maximus (sba), dolichos biflorus (dba), triticum vulgaris (wga), concanavalia ens ... | 2011 | 3193300 |
| detection, characterization, and biological effect of quorum-sensing signaling molecules in peanut-nodulating bradyrhizobia. | bacteria of the genus bradyrhizobium are able to establish a symbiotic relationship with peanut (arachis hypogaea) root cells and to fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to nitrogenous compounds. quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-cell communication mechanism employed by a variety of bacterial species to coordinate behavior at a community level through regulation of gene expression. the qs process depends on bacterial production of various signaling molecules, among which the n-acylhomoserine la ... | 2012 | 22736981 |
| Evaluation of correct endogenous reactive oxygen species content for human sperm capacitation and involvement of the NADPH oxidase system. | Generation of controlled amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues (Tyr) are two closely related changes involved in sperm capacitation. This study investigated the effect of altered endogenous ROS production on Tyr-phosphorylation (Tyr-P), acrosome reaction (AR) and cell viability during sperm capacitation. The possible origin of the altered ROS production was also evaluated by apocynin (APO) or oligomycin (Oligo) addition. | 2011 | 21940394 |
| dynamics in the resistant and susceptible peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) root transcriptome on infection with the ralstonia solanacearum. | bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease of peanut (arachis hypogaea l). the molecular basis of peanut response to r. solanacearum remains unknown. to understand the resistance mechanism behind peanut resistance to r. solanacearum, we used rna-seq to perform global transcriptome profiling on the roots of peanut resistant (r) and susceptible (s) genotypes under r. solanacearum infection. | 2014 | 25481772 |
| qtl mapping for bacterial wilt resistance in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | bacterial wilt (bw) caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a serious, global, disease of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), but it is especially destructive in china. identification of dna markers linked to the resistance to this disease will help peanut breeders efficiently develop resistant cultivars through molecular breeding. a f2 population, from a cross between disease-resistant and disease-susceptible cultivars, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with the resistance to th ... | 2016 | 26869849 |
| enhancing resistance to sclerotinia minor in peanut by expressing a barley oxalate oxidase gene. | sclerotinia minor jagger is the causal agent of sclerotinia blight, a highly destructive disease of peanut (arachis hypogaea). based on evidence that oxalic acid is involved in the pathogenicity of many sclerotinia species, our objectives were to recover transgenic peanut plants expressing an oxalic acid-degrading oxalate oxidase and to evaluate them for increased resistance to s. minor. transformed plants were regenerated from embryogenic cultures of three virginia peanut cultivars (wilson, per ... | 2005 | 15778458 |
| human basophils: a unique biological instrument to detect the allergenicity of food. | labeling of major food allergens is mandatory for the safety of allergic consumers. although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction, and mass spectrometry are sensitive and specific instruments to detect trace amounts of food proteins, they cannot measure the ability of food constituents to trigger activation of mast cells or basophils. | 2011 | 21548445 |
| detection of s-nitrosothiol and nitrosylated proteins in arachis hypogaea functional nodule: response of the nitrogen fixing symbiont. | to detect the presence of no, ros and rns in nodules of crack entry legumes, we used arachis hypogaea functional nodule. the response of two cognate partner rhizobia was compared towards no and gsno using s. meliloti and bradyrhizobium sp nc921001. ros, no, nitrosothiol and bacteroids were detected by fluorescence microscopy. redox enzymes and thiol pools were detected biochemically. nitrosothiols were found to be present but ros and no were absent in a. hypogaea nodule. a number of s-nitrosylat ... | 2012 | 23029073 |
| first trimester histiotrophe shows altered sialylation compared with secretory phase glycoconjugates in human endometrium. | histiotrophe is now recognized as being an important feature of early human pregnancy, providing nutrients and growth factors to the developing embryo. our aim was to examine the glycan composition of histiotrophe from first trimester decidua and to compare it with secretions present in endometrial glands from the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. | 2010 | 20569980 |
| engineering of a microbial coculture of escherichia coli strains for the biosynthesis of resveratrol. | resveratrol is a plant natural product with many health-protecting effects which makes it an attractive chemical both for academic studies and industrial purposes. however, the low quantities naturally produced by plants as well as the unsustainable procedures of extraction, purification and concentration have prompted many biotechnological approaches to produce this chemical in large quantities from renewable sources. none of these approaches have considered a microbial coculture strategy to pr ... | 2016 | 27680538 |
| the tomato spotted wilt virus genome is processed differentially in its plant host arachis hypogaea and its thrips vector frankliniella fusca. | thrips-transmitted tospoviruses are economically important viruses affecting a wide range of field and horticultural crops worldwide. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of the tospovirus genus with a broad host range of more than 900 plant species. interactions between these viruses and their plant hosts and insect vectors via rnai pathways are likely a key determinant of pathogenicity. the current investigation, for the first time, compares biogenesis of small rnas between the ... | 2016 | 27656190 |
| determinants of visceral leishmaniasis: a case-control study in gedaref state, sudan. | improving knowledge on local determinants of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is crucial to guide the development of relevant control strategies. this study aimed to identify individual and household level determinants of primary vl in 24 highly endemic villages of tabarak allah hospital's catchment area, gedaref state, sudan. | 2015 | 26544177 |
| epidemiology of spotted wilt disease of peanut caused by tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern u.s. | spotted wilt disease of peanut (arachis hypogaea) (swp), caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae), was first observed in alabama, florida, and georgia in the late 1980s and rapidly became a major limiting factor for peanut production in the region. tobacco thrips (frankliniella fusca) and western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) both occur on peanut throughout the southeastern u.s., but f. fusca is the predominant species that reproduces on pea ... | 2011 | 21620508 |
| overexpression of bacterial mtld gene in peanut improves drought tolerance through accumulation of mannitol. | in the changing global environmental scenarios, water scarcity and recurrent drought impose huge reductions to the peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) crop yield. in plants, osmotic adjustments associated with efficient free radical scavenging ability during abiotic stress are important components of stress tolerance mechanisms. mannitol, a compatible solute, is known to scavenge hydroxyl radicals generated during various abiotic stresses, thereby conferring tolerance to water-deficit stress in many pl ... | 2014 | 25436223 |
| evaluation of fresh and frozen-thawed fowl semen by flow cytometry. | the aim of this study was to assess the spermatozoal viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and dna status in the frozen-thawed fowl semen with the use of flow cytometry. the experiment was carried out on 10 sexually adult roosters of meat type line flex. the semen was collected three times a week by dorso-abdominal massage method, then pooled and subjected to cryopreservation using "pellet" method and dimethylacetamide (dma) as a cryoprotectant. for cytometric analysis the fresh ... | 2010 | 20580066 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) embryo axes and the development of transgenic plants. | transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) plants have been produced using an agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. zygotic embryo axes from mature seed were cocultured with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harboring a binary vector that contained the genes for the scorable marker b-glucuronidase (gus) and the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase ii. nine percent of the germinated seedlings were gus+. polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that gus+ shoots and t1 proge ... | 1995 | 24186625 |
| accumulation of poly[(r)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] in enterobacter cloacae su-1 during growth with two different carbon sources in batch culture. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are polymers of hydroxyalkanoate, which are accumulated by many bacteria as food storage material under excess carbon source and limited nitrogen source. in our study, enterobacter cloacae su-1 isolated from the rhizospheric soil of arachis hypogea was allowed to grow as batch culture in minimal media containing either glucose or lactose, and the pattern of pha accumulation by e. cloacae su-1 was studied. e. cloacae su-1 was found to accumulate 94% of pha/dry weight ... | 2011 | 20632129 |
| gene transfer into peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | introduction of foreign genes into plant tissues via agrobacterium tumefaciens based vectors requires specific knowledge of agrobacterium-host compatibility. therefore, to develop a transformation protocol for peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), five brazilian cultivars were screened with four wild-type a.tumefaciens strains. successful transformation was dependent on specific bacterial strain-plant cultivar interactions and strain a281 was the most effective for tumor induction. tumors displayed horm ... | 1991 | 24221673 |
| expression of δ-endotoxin cry1ec from an inducible promoter confers insect protection in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) plants. | spodoptera litura (f.) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). constitutive expression of δ-endotoxin cry1ec gives protection against s. litura, as reported earlier. in this study, insect bites and salicylic acid induced high-level expression of cry1ec was achieved in peanut. in order to achieve this, the expression of pathogenesis responsive promoter pr-1a was enhanced by placing it downstream of the camv35s promoter in the pcambia 1300 backbone. the re ... | 2011 | 20981728 |
| characterization of the n-glycans of female angiostrongylus cantonensis worms. | glycoconjugates play a crucial role in the host-parasite relationships of helminthic infections, including angiostrongyliasis. it has previously been shown that the antigenicity of proteins from female angiostrongylus cantonensis worms may depend on their associated glycan moieties. here, an n-glycan profile of a. cantonensis is reported. a total soluble extract (te) was prepared from female a. cantonensis worms and was tested by western blot before and after glycan oxidation or n- and o-glycosi ... | 2016 | 27107931 |
| bradyrhizobium lablabi sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of lablab purpureus and arachis hypogaea grown in southern china. | five strains isolated from root nodules of lablab purpureus and arachis hypogaea grown in anhui and sichuan provinces of china were classified within the genus bradyrhizobium. these strains had identical 16s rrna nucleotide sequences which shared 99.22% and 99.48% similarities with the most related strains of bradyrhizobium jicamae pac 68(t), bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi pac 48(t) and bradyrhizobium elkanii usda 76(t). polyphasic approaches including 16s rrna gene rflp, igs-rflp, box-pcr, comparati ... | 2010 | 21112989 |
| immune responses to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of peste des petits ruminants virus expressed in transgenic peanut plants in sheep. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is an acute, highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by a morbillivirus, peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv). the disease is prevalent in equatorial africa, the middle east, and the indian subcontinent. a live attenuated vaccine is in use in some of the countries and has been shown to provide protection for at least three years against ppr. however, the live attenuated vaccine is not robust in terms of thermotolerance. as a step towards developmen ... | 2010 | 21211855 |
| biological activity of peanut (arachis hypogaea) phytoalexins and selected natural and synthetic stilbenoids. | the peanut plant (arachis hypogaea l.), when infected by a microbial pathogen, is capable of producing stilbene-derived compounds that are considered antifungal phytoalexins. in addition, the potential health benefits of other stilbenoids from peanuts, including resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been acknowledged by several investigators. despite considerable progress in peanut research, relatively little is known about the biological activity of the stilbenoid phytoalexins. this study investi ... | 2011 | 21314127 |
| rna sequencing of contaminated seeds reveals the state of the seed permissive for pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination and points to a potential susceptibility factor. | pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (pac) is a major problem facing peanut production worldwide. produced by the ubiquitous soil fungus, aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin is the most naturally occurring known carcinogen. the interaction between fungus and host resulting in pac is complex, and breeding for pac resistance has been slow. it has been shown that aflatoxin production can be induced by applying drought stress as peanut seeds mature. we have implemented an automated rainout shelter that con ... | 2016 | 27827875 |
| aspergillus and aflatoxin in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) and groundnut cake in eastern ethiopia. | this study was conducted to assess major aspergillus species and aflatoxins associated with groundnut seeds and cake in eastern ethiopia and evaluate growers' management practices. a total of 160 groundnut seed samples from farmers' stores and 50 groundnut cake samples from cafe and restaurants were collected. fungal isolation was done from groundnut seed samples. aspergillus flavus was the dominant species followed by aspergillus parasiticus. aflatoxin analyses of groundnut seed samples were pe ... | 2016 | 27748169 |
| natural postharvest aflatoxin occurrence in food legumes in the smallholder farming sector of zimbabwe. | aflatoxins, mainly produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, are highly toxic and may lead to health problems such as liver cancer. exposure to aflatoxins may result from ingestion of contaminated foods. levels of afb1, afb2, afg1 and afg2 in samples of groundnuts (arachis hypogaea), beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) and bambara nuts (vigna subterranean) grown by smallholder farmers in shamva and makoni districts, zimbabwe, were determined at harvesting, u ... | 2017 | 27700622 |
| comparative transcript profiling of resistant and susceptible peanut post-harvest seeds in response to aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus. | aflatoxin contamination caused by aspergillus flavus in peanut (arachis hypogaea) including in pre- and post-harvest stages seriously affects industry development and human health. even though resistance to aflatoxin production in post-harvest peanut has been identified, its molecular mechanism has been poorly understood. to understand the mechanism of peanut response to aflatoxin production by a. flavus, rna-seq was used for global transcriptome profiling of post-harvest seed of resistant (zhon ... | 2016 | 26922489 |
| prevalence of toxigenic fungi in common medicinal herbs and spices in india. | mycotoxins are unavoidable contaminants of food grains, feeds, medicinal herbs, and spices, posing as health threat to animals and humans. the objective of this study was to screen medicinal herbs and spices for fungi and mycotoxin contamination and evaluate their safety. sixty-three samples were examined for fungal contamination and fungal load determined using standard microbiological method. aflatoxin and citrinin were detected using thin layer chromatography and high-performance chromatograp ... | 2016 | 28330231 |
| new monomeric stilbenoids from peanut (arachis hypogaea) seeds challenged by an aspergillus flavus strain. | two new stilbene derivatives have been isolated from peanut seeds challenged by an aspergillus flavus strain, along with chiricanine b, which has not been previously reported from peanuts, as well as a stilbenoid reported previously only as a synthetic product. the structures of these new putative phytoalexins were determined by analysis of (1)h and (13)c nmr, hresims, ms(n), and uv data. the new stilbenoids were named arahypin-13 (21), arahypin-14 (22), and arahypin-15 (23). together with other ... | 2016 | 26672388 |
| morphological and toxigenic variability in the aspergillus flavus isolates from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production system in gujarat (india). | morphological and toxigenic variability in 187 aspergillus flavus isolates, collected from a major indian peanut production system, from 10 districts of gujarat was studied. on the basis of colony characteristics, the isolates were grouped as group a (83%), b (11%) and g (6%). of all the isolates, 21%, 47% and 32% were found to be fast-growing, moderately-fast and slow-growing respectively, and nosclerotia and sclerotia production was recorded in 32.1% and 67% isolates respectively. large, mediu ... | 2015 | 25895268 |
| antifungal activity of metabolites from the marine sponges amphimedon sp. and monanchora arbuscula against aspergillus flavus strains isolated from peanuts (arachis hypogaea). | contamination of preharvest and stored peanuts (arachis hypogaea l.) by aflatoxigenic strains of aspergillus flavus is an important economical and food safety problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. the present investigation reports the antifungal activity of a halitoxins/amphitoxins enriched extract obtained from the sponge amphimedon sp. (haeeasp), and of batzelladine l isolated from the sponge monanchora arbuscula on aspergillus flavus isolated from stored peanuts. a pcr ... | 2014 | 24660456 |
| aflatoxins as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. | aflatoxins, metabolites of the fungi aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, are frequent contaminants of a number of staple foods, particularly maize and ground nuts, in subsistence farming communities in tropical and sub-tropical climates in sub-saharan africa, eastern asia and parts of south america. contamination of foods occurs during growth and as a result of storage in deficient or inappropriate facilities. these toxins pose serious public health hazards, including the causation o ... | 2013 | 24078988 |
| characterization of peanut germin-like proteins, ahglps in plant development and defense. | germin-like superfamily members are ubiquitously expressed in various plant species and play important roles in plant development and defense. although several glps have been identified in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), their roles in development and defense remain unknown. in this research, we study the spatiotemporal expression of ahglps in peanut and their functions in plant defense. | 2013 | 23626720 |
| some 2s albumin from peanut seeds exhibits inhibitory activity against aspergillus flavus. | a crude 2s albumin fraction was separated from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cotyledons. untreated 2s albumin had little inhibitory activity against trypsin, spore germination, or hyphal growth of aspergillus flavus. however, following treatment of 2s albumin with sds, increased inhibitory activity was demonstrated. we further purified 2s albumin using sephadex g-100 and deae cellulose (de-32) chromatography. hplc analysis showed that the partially pure 2s albumin consisted of two polypeptides, w ... | 2013 | 23500710 |
| proteomic analysis reveals an aflatoxin-triggered immune response in cotyledons of arachis hypogaea infected with aspergillus flavus. | an immune response is triggered in host cells when host receptors recognize conserved molecular motifs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), such as β-glucans, and chitin at the cell surface of a pathogen. effector-triggered immunity occurs when pathogens deliver effectors into the host cell to suppress the first immune signaling. using a differential proteomic approach, we identified an array of proteins responding to aflatoxins in cotyledons of peanut (arachis hypogaea) infected wit ... | 2012 | 22424419 |
| antioxidant defense response induced by trichoderma viride against aspergillus niger van tieghem causing collar rot in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). | the study was conducted to examine the antioxidant enzymes induced by trichoderma viride jau60 as initial defense response during invasion of rot pathogen aspergillus niger van tieghem in five groundnut varieties under pot culture. seed treatment of t. viride jau60 reduced 51-58% collar rot disease incidence in different groundnut varieties under pathogen infected soil culture. the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx, ec ... | 2016 | 26620080 |
| trichoderma viride induces pathogenesis related defense response against rot pathogen infection in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). | the study examine induction of defense enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway and accumulation of pathogenesis related proteins in rot pathogen (aspergillus niger van tieghem) challenged groundnut seedlings in response to trichoderma viride jau60. seeds of five groundnut varieties differing in collar rot susceptibility were sown under non-infested, pathogen infested and pathogen+t. viride jau60 seed treatment. collar rot disease evident between 31.0% (j-11, gg-2) and 67.4% (gg-20) in differ ... | 2015 | 26160540 |
| improved drought and salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis overexpressing a nac transcriptional factor from arachis hypogaea. | the nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) proteins share a highly conserved nac domain and constitute a large family of plant-specific transcriptional factors. we have isolated a drought-induced nac gene from arachis hypogaea, named ahnac2 (arachis hypogaea nac2) but its specific role remains unknown. in this study, we found that transgenic arabidopsis overexpressing ahnac2 lines were hypersensitive to aba in root growth, seed germination, and stomatal closure compared to wild type arabidopsis. the transgeni ... | 2011 | 21389632 |
| lipids, proteins, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seeds of peanuts (arachis hypogaea l) cultivated in tunisia. | fatty acid composition of peanut seed oil in four varieties cultivated in tunisia showed that linoleic (c18:2), oleic (c18:1) and palmitic (c16) acids account for more than 84% for chounfakhi and massriya and for more than 85% of the total fatty acids of trabilsia and sinya seed oil respectively. seed oil contents were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) and did not exceed 48%. the study of total phenolics revealed that chounfakhi contained more total phenolics (2.1 mg gae/g dw), followed by the ... | 2013 | 24346073 |
| isolation and characterization of fatty acid desaturase genes from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | fatty acid desaturases are responsible for the insertion of double bonds into pre-formed fatty acid chains in reactions that require oxygen and reducing equivalents. in this study, genes for fab2, fad2-2, fad6 and sld1, were cloned from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). the orfs of the four genes were 1,221, 1,152, 1,329 and 1,347 bp in length, encoding 406, 383, 442 and 448 amino acids, respectively. the predicted amino acid sequences of ahfab2, ahfad2-2, ahfad6, ahsld1 shared high sequence identit ... | 2011 | 21409552 |
| biosynthesis of plant-specific phenylpropanoids by construction of an artificial biosynthetic pathway in escherichia coli. | biological synthesis of plant secondary metabolites has attracted increasing attention due to their proven or assumed beneficial properties and health-promoting effects. phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbenoid class of compounds. in this study, engineered escherichia coli containing artificial phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways utilizing tyrosine as the initial precursor were establis ... | 2011 | 21424580 |
| impact of plant development on the rhizobacterial population of arachis hypogaea: a multifactorial analysis. | present study investigates the impact of plant development on the structure and composition of root-associated bacterial community of groundnut (arachis hypogaea) plant, an economically important oilseed legume. relative abundance of total and active bacteria were studied in bulk soil and rhizosphere samples collected from different growth stages of groundnut plant by sequencing pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene fragments from soil genomic dna and reverse-transcribed soil community rna. plant growth p ... | 2015 | 25572408 |
| isolation and identification of allelochemicals produced by b. sonorensis for suppression of charcoal rot of arachis hypogaea l. | bacillus sonorensis mbcu2 isolated from vermicompost-amended soil from gujarat, india showed most antagonistic activity against macrophomina phaseolina by dual culture screening. the culture supernatant of mbcu2 completely suppressed the mycelia growth of pathogen, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of allelochemicals in the culture filtrate. results of scanning electron microscopy revealed that mbcu2 caused morphological alteration in mycelia of m. phaseolina as evident by hyph ... | 2015 | 25346523 |
| a novel cost-effective medium for the production of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for mosquito control. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) has been used for mosquito-control programmes the world-wide. indeed, the large-scale production of bti for mosquito control is very expensive due to the high cost of its culture. in the present study, we attempted to widen the scope in developing cost-effective culture medium for bti production, based on the raw materials available on the biosphere, including coconut cake powder, ccp (cocos nucifera), neem cake powder, ncp (azadirachta indica) and ... | 2012 | 22543607 |
| nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of ensiled warm-season legumes and bahiagrass. | this study determined the nutritive value, ensiling characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flügge 'tifton 9'), perennial peanut (arachis glabrata benth. 'florigraze'), annual peanut [arachis hypogaea (l.) 'fl mdr 98'], cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. 'iron clay'], and pigeonpea [cajanus cajan (l.) millsp. 'ga-2']. all forages were harvested at maturity stages that optimized dry matter (dm) yield and nutritive value. after harvest, forages were wi ... | 2011 | 21426995 |
| a study on the prevalence of bacteria that occupy nodules within single peanut plants. | in this study, bacteria hosted in root nodules of single plants of legume arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) cv tegua runner growing at field were isolated. the collection of nodule isolates included both fast and slow growing strains. their genetic diversity was assessed in order to identify the more frequently rhizobial strain associated to nodules from single plants. molecular fingerprinting of 213 nodular isolates indicated heterogeneity, absence of a dominant genotype and, therefore, of a unique ... | 2011 | 21442391 |
| enhanced expression of atnhx1, in transgenic groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) improves salt and drought tolerence. | salinity and drought are main threat to agriculture productivity, to avoid further losses it is necessary to improve the genetic material of crops against these stresses in this present study, atnhx1, a vacuolar type na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene driven by 35s promoter was introduced into groundnut using agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system. the stable integration of the atnhx1 gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern blot analysis. it was found that transgenic ... | 2011 | 21455815 |
| stable fluorescent and enzymatic tagging of bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens to analyze host-plant infection and colonization. | bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens usda 110 (formerly named bradyrhizobium japonicum) can fix dinitrogen when living as an endosymbiont in root nodules of soybean and some other legumes. formation of a functional symbiosis relies on a defined developmental program mediated by controlled gene expression in both symbiotic partners. in contrast to other well-studied rhizobium-legume model systems that have been thoroughly examined by means of genetically tagged strains, analysis of b. diazoefficiens hos ... | 2015 | 26035130 |
| bradyrhizobium arachidis sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of arachis hypogaea grown in china. | twenty-three bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of arachis hypogaea and lablab purpureus grown in five provinces of china were classified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium by analyses of pcr-based rflp of the 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s igs. to determine their taxonomic position, four representative strains were further characterized. the comparative sequence analyses of 16s rrna and six housekeeping genes clustered the four strains into a distinctive group closely related ... | 2013 | 23295123 |
| large-scale development of expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers and diversity analysis in arachis spp. | large-scale development of expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (est-ssr) markers was performed in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) to obtain more informative genetic markers. a total of 10,102 potential non-redundant est sequences, including 3,445 contigs and 6,657 singletons, were generated from cdna libraries of the gynophore, roots, leaves and seedlings. a total of 3,187 primer pairs were designed on flanking regions of ssrs, some of which allowed one and two base mismatches. among the ... | 2011 | 22707912 |
| an integrated genetic linkage map of cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) constructed from two ril populations. | construction and improvement of a genetic map for peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) continues to be an important task in order to facilitate quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis and the development of tools for marker-assisted breeding. the objective of this study was to develop a comparative integrated map from two cultivated × cultivated recombinant inbred line (ril) mapping populations and to apply in mapping tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance trait in peanut. a total of 4,576 simple s ... | 2011 | 22072100 |
| Production of resveratrol from p-coumaric acid in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase and stilbene synthase genes. | Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenol present in red wine and exerts antioxidative and anti-carcinogenic effects on the human body. To produce resveratrol in a food-grade yeast, the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase gene (4CL1) from Arabidopsis thaliana and stilbene synthase gene (STS) from Arachis hypogaea were cloned and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. The resveratrol produced was unglycosylated and secreted into the culture medium. A batch culture with 15.3mg/l p-coumaric acid ... | 2011 | 22112770 |
| Regulated expression of an isopentenyltransferase gene (IPT) in peanut significantly improves drought tolerance and increases yield under field conditions. | Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) is a critical enzyme in the cytokinin biosynthetic pathway. The expression of IPT under the control of a maturation- and stress-induced promoter was shown to delay stress-induced plant senescence that resulted in an enhanced drought tolerance in both monocot and dicot plants. This report extends the earlier findings in tobacco and rice to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oil crop and protein source. Regulated expression of IPT in peanut significantly improv ... | 2011 | 21920877 |
| quantitative trait locus analysis and construction of consensus genetic map for foliar disease resistance based on two recombinant inbred line populations in cultivated groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). | late leaf spot (lls) and rust have the greatest impact on yield losses worldwide in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). with the objective of identifying tightly linked markers to these diseases, a total of 3,097 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were screened on the parents of two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations, namely tag 24 × gpbd 4 (ril-4) and tg 26 × gpbd 4 (ril-5), and segregation data were obtained for 209 marker loci for each of the mapping populations. linkage map analysis of the 2 ... | 2011 | 22924018 |
| genotypic diversity among rhizospheric bacteria of three legumes assessed by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent techniques. | the genotypic diversity of rhizospheric bacteria of 3 legumes including vigna radiata, arachis hypogaea and acacia mangium was compared by using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. for cultivation-dependent method, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles revealed that the bacterial genetic diversity of v. radiata and a. mangium rhizospheres was higher than that of a. hypogaea rhizosphere. for cultivation-independent method, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ... | 2011 | 22806857 |
| phytosynthesis of intracellular and extracellular gold nanoparticles by living peanut plant (arachis hypogaea l.). | inorganic nanomaterials of different chemical compositions are conventionally synthesized under harsh environments such as extremes of temperature, pressure, and ph. moreover, these methods are eco-unfriendly and cumbersome, yield bigger particles, and agglomerate because of not being capped by capping agents. in contrast, biological synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials occurs under ambient conditions, namely room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and physiological ph. these methods are reliabl ... | 2012 | 23586957 |
| [soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in sloping peanut land under different planting modes in yimeng mountainous area of shandong province, east china]. | taking the typical land use type, sloping arachis hypogaea land, in yimeng mountainous area of shandong as study object, an in-situ fixed-point field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in the sloping land under different planting modes (arachis hypogaea + cynodon dactylon, i; a. hypogae + melilotus officinalis, ii; a. hypogaea + lolium multiflorum, iii; a. hypogaea + trifolium repens, iv; a. hypogaea + ... | 2012 | 23479876 |
| groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools. | groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.), a self-pollinated legume is an important crop cultivated in 24 million ha world over for extraction of edible oil and food uses. the kernels are rich in oil (48-50%) and protein (25-28%), and are source of several vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, biologically active polyphenols, flavonoids, and isoflavones. improved varieties of groundnut with high yield potential were developed and released for cultivation world over. the improved varieties belong to different ... | 2013 | 23443056 |
| a gene-based map of the nod factor-independent aeschynomene evenia sheds new light on the evolution of nodulation and legume genomes. | aeschynomene evenia has emerged as a new model legume for the deciphering of the molecular mechanisms of an alternative symbiotic process that is independent of the nod factors. whereas most of the research on nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, legume genetics and genomics has so far focused on galegoid and phaseolid legumes, a. evenia falls in the more basal and understudied dalbergioid clade along with peanut (arachis hypogaea). to provide insights into the symbiotic genes content and the structure of ... | 2016 | 27298380 |
| divergent nod-containing bradyrhizobium sp. doa9 with a megaplasmid and its host range. | bradyrhizobium sp. doa9, a non-photosynthetic bacterial strain originally isolated from the root nodules of the legume aeschynomene americana, is a divergent nod-containing strain. it exhibits a broad host range, being able to colonize and efficiently nodulate the roots of most plants from the dalbergioid, millettioid, and robinioid tribes (7 species of papilionoideae). in all cases, nodulation was determinate. the morphology and size of doa9 bacteroids isolated from the nodules of various speci ... | 2014 | 25283477 |
| progress in genetic engineering of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.)--a review. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is a major species of the family, leguminosae, and economically important not only for vegetable oil but as a source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. it is widely grown in the semi-arid tropics and plays a role in the world agricultural economy. peanut production and productivity is constrained by several biotic (insect pests and diseases) and abiotic (drought, salinity, water logging and temperature aberrations) stresses, as a result of which crop experiences ser ... | 2015 | 25626474 |
| production of fertile transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) plants using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | fertile transgenic plants of peanut (arachis hypogaea l. cv. new mexico valencia a) were produced using an agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. leaf section explants were inoculated with a. tumefaciens strain eha105 harboring the binary vector pbi121 containing the genes for β-glucuronidase (gus) and neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii). approximately 10% of the shoots regenerated on selection medium were gus-positive. five independent transformation events resulted in the production ... | 1996 | 24178604 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | transgenic peanut plants were produced using agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. primary leaf explants of peanut were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens lba 4404 harbouring the binary plasmid pbi 121 (conferring β-glucuronidase activity and resistance to kanamycin) and cultured on regeneration medium supplemented with kanamycin to select putatively transformed shoots. they were rooted and plants were transferred to soil. stable integration and expression of the transgenes were confir ... | 1994 | 24196226 |
| agromyces arachidis sp. nov. isolated from a peanut (arachis hypogaea) crop field. | a gram-positive, yellowish bacterium strain ak-1(t) was isolated from soil sample collected from peanut (arachis hypogaea) crop field and studied by using a polyphasic approach. the organism had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with its classification in the genus agromyces. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that strain ak-1(t) was closely related to agromyces aurantiacus (98.6%) followed by agromyces soli (98.3%), agromyces tropicus (97.6%), agromy ... | 2013 | 24348566 |
| constitutive expression of fluorescent protein by aspergillus var. niger and aspergillus carbonarius to monitor fungal colonization in maize plants. | aspergillus niger and aspergillus carbonarius are two species in the aspergillus section nigri (black-spored aspergilli) frequently associated with peanut (arachis hypogea), maize (zea mays), and other plants as pathogens. these infections are symptomless and as such are major concerns since some black aspergilli produce important mycotoxins, ochratoxins a, and the fumonisins. to facilitate the study of the black aspergilli-maize interactions with maize during the early stages of infections, we ... | 2013 | 23899775 |
| characterization of small rna populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut. | aflatoxin contamination is a major constraint in food production worldwide. in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), these toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins are mainly produced by aspergillus flavus link and a. parasiticus speare. the use of rna interference (rnai) is a promising method to reduce or prevent the accumulation of aflatoxin in peanut seed. in this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small rna populations in a control line and in two transformed peanut lines that expressed an i ... | 2017 | 28224915 |
| mining, identification and function analysis of micrornas and target genes in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | in the present investigation, a total of 60 conserved peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) microrna (mirna) sequences, belonging to 16 families, were identified using bioinformatics methods. there were 392 target gene sequences, identified from 58 mirnas with target-align software and blastx analyses. gene ontology (go) functional analysis suggested that these target genes were involved in mediating peanut growth and development, signal transduction and stress resistance. there were 55 mirna sequences, ... | 2017 | 27915176 |
| modification of prenylated stilbenoids in peanut (arachis hypogaea) seedlings by the same fungi that elicited them: the fungus strikes back. | aspergillus oryzae and rhizopus oryzae were compared for inducing the production of prenylated stilbenoids in peanut seedlings. the fungus was applied at two different time points: directly after soaking (day 1) or after 2 days of germination (day 3). aspergillus- and rhizopus-elicited peanut seedlings accumulated an array of prenylated stilbenoids, with overlap in compounds induced, but also with compounds specific to the fungal treatment. the differences were confirmed to be due to modificatio ... | 2015 | 26458982 |
| screening of pgpr from saline desert of kutch: growth promotion in arachis hypogea by bacillus licheniformis a2. | rhizosphere of a halotolerant plant suaeda fruticosa from saline desert of little rann of kutch, gujarat (india) was explored for isolation of pgpr form the rare ecological niche having4.33% salinity. total 85 isolates from the rhizosphere belonging to different species were isolated. out of 85 isolates, 23 could solubilize phosphate and 11 isolates produced iaa. seven isolates showed both the traits of phosphate solubilization and iaa production. all isolates which showed either of iaa producti ... | 2014 | 23896166 |
| effects of interactions of auxin-producing bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes on regulation of peanut growths. | the influences of an iaa (indole-3-acetic acid)-producing bacterium (bacillus megaterium) and two bacterial-feeding nematodes (cephalobus sp. or mesorhabditis sp.) on the growth of peanut (arachis hypogaea l. cv. haihua 1) after various durations of time were investigated in natural soils. the addition of bacteria and nematodes and incubation time all significantly affected plant growth, plant root growth, plant nutrient concentrations, soil nutrient concentrations, soil microorganisms and soil ... | 2015 | 25867954 |
| the potential for controlling pangaeus bilineatus (heteroptera: cydnidae) using a combination of entomopathogens and an insecticide. | the peanut burrower bug, pangaeus bilineatus (say), is an important pest of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) in the southern united states. current control methods for this pest, which are based on the use of chemical insecticides, have not been successful. our objective was to determine if entomopathogens applied alone or in combination with a standard chemical insecticide would provide superior levels of p. bilineatus mortality compared with the standard chemical applied alone. specifically, we in ... | 2013 | 24224248 |
| belonolaimus longicaudatus: an emerging pathogen of peanut in florida. | sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus) is an economically important ectoparasitic nematode that is highly pathogenic on a wide range of agricultural crops in sandy soils of the southeastern united states. although this species is commonly found in florida in hardwood forests and as a soilborne pathogen on turfgrasses and numerous agronomic and horticultural crops, it has not been reported infecting peanut. in the summers of 2012 and 2013, sting nematode was found infecting three different p ... | 2015 | 26170470 |
| host differences among florida populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus rau. | three populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus from gainesville, fuller's crossing, and sanford, all in florida, were tested for parasitism on citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), arachis hypogaea ('early runner' peanut), fragaria sp. ('florida 90' hybrid strawberry), and lycopersicon esculentum ('rutgers' tomato). the three populations were found to be three different physiological races because: (i) the fuller's crossing population reproduced well on and caused injury to rough lemon and tomato but ... | 1970 | 19322299 |
| bradyrhizobium vignae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing symbiont isolated from effective nodules of vigna and arachis. | twenty one strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) and peanuts (arachis hypogaea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region of namibia, were previously characterized as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to verify their taxonomic position, the strains were further analysed using a polyphasic approach. 16s rrna gene sequences were most similar to bradyrhizobium manausense br 33 ... | 2016 | 26463703 |
| bradyrhizobium guangdongense sp. nov. and bradyrhizobium guangxiense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of peanut. | seven slow-growing rhizobia isolated from effective nodules of arachis hypogaea were assigned to the genus bradyrhizobium based on sharing 96.3-99.9 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity with the type strains of recognized bradyrhizobium species. multilocus sequence analysis of glnii, reca, gyrb and dnak genes indicated that the seven strains belonged to two novel species represented by ccbau 51649t and ccbau 53363t. strain ccbau 51649t shared 94, 93.4, 92.3 and 94.9 % and ccbau 53363t shared 91.4 ... | 2015 | 26409482 |
| bradyrhizobium subterraneum sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of groundnuts. | seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) and peanuts (arachis hypogaea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region, namibia, were previously characterized and identified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to corroborate their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. all strains possessed identical 16s rrna gene sequences with bradyrhizobium yuanmingen ... | 2015 | 26198108 |
| isolation and functional characterization of a novel seed-specific promoter region from peanut. | the importance of using tissue-specific promoters in the genetic transformation of plants has been emphasized increasingly. here, we report the isolation of a novel seed-specific promoter region from peanut and its validation in arabidopsis and tobacco seeds. the reported promoter region referred to as groundnut seed promoter (gsp) confers seed-specific expression in heterologous systems, which include putative promoter regions of the peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) gene 8a4r19g1. this region was i ... | 2014 | 24078220 |
| reproductive and damage potential of ditylenchus destructor on six peanut cultivars. | commercial peanut cultivars were evaluated for host suitability and sensitivity to ditylenchus destructor. all cultivars were susceptible. approximately 94% of the final population were in the pods. highest pf occurred at harvest on early maturing cultivars. damage occurred on four of six cuttivars at pi = 100/3 liters of soil and all six cultivars at pi = 1,000. norden and selmani were the most susceptible cultivars. sellie was the most tolerant and highest yielding cultivar. this cultivar may ... | 1993 | 19279743 |
| minimizing damage by ditylenchus destructor to peanut seed with early harvest. | greenhouse and microplot experiments were conducted to evaluate the damage potential of ditylenchus destructor on four south african commercial peanut cultivars as influenced by harvest date. the cultivars sellie and harts should be harvested by 150 and 120 days after planting, respectively. losses were 12-13% with early harvest, but a 15-day delay resulted in losses of 45-49%. harvest of natal common and norden at 125 and 145 days after planting, respectively, resulted in the highest seed grade ... | 1992 | 19283031 |
| effect of host plant age on population development and pathogenicity of ditylenchus destructor on peanut. | the effect of inoculating peanut, arachis hypogaea cv. sellie, with ditylenchus destructor at timed intervals after planting and with different initial nematode population densities (pi) was tested in greenhouse experiments. final nematode population densities (pf) in hulls and seeds were greater (pf < 0.001) in plants inoculated at or before 9 weeks after planting. pod disease symptoms correlated positively with the pf in the pods. the seedgrade of peanuts inoculated at or before 9 weeks after ... | 1992 | 19283001 |
| population dynamics of ditylenchus destructor on peanut. | the population development of ditylenchus destructor in the roots, pegs, hulls, and seeds of eight peanut (arachis hypogaea) genotypes was studied in the greenhouse. although all genotypes tested were good hosts for d. destructor, differences in host suitability were observed. invasion of the plant parts by ditylenchus destructor proceeded more slowly in genotypes with long growth periods. during the second half of the growth period of these genotypes, d. destructor populations emigrated from th ... | 1991 | 19283159 |
| reproductive and damage potential of ditylenchus destructor on peanut. | the reproductive and damage potential of ditylenchus destructor on peanut, arachis hypogaea cv. sellie, was determined in greenhouse tests. final nematode population densities (pf) in roots, hulls, and seeds increased (p = 0.01) as a function of increasing initial population (pi). final population densities were higher in hulls than in seeds and roots. final densities in hulls and seeds were positively (p = 0.01) correlated. fresh root and hull weight and number of pods and seeds per plant were ... | 1991 | 19283089 |
| in vitro embryo explant cultures of peanut to evaluate resistance to ditylenchus destructor. | population densities of d. destructor on embryo explants of 22 peanut genotypes grown in vitro were compared with those in roots and seeds of the same genotypes grown in the greenhouse. during the first 8 weeks after inoculation, the optimum incubation period was 6 weeks for maximum reproduction of ditylenchus destructor on embryo explants of peanut (arachis hypogaea l. cv. sellie) inoculated with 250 nematodes at 25 c. nematode numbers increased 17-fold. deletion of mnso ho and a higher khpo co ... | 1990 | 19287727 |
| host status of seven weed species and their effects on ditylenchus destructor infestation of peanut. | the host suitability to ditylenchus destructor of seven common weed species in peanut (arachis hypogaea) fields in south africa was determined. based on the number of nematodes per root unit, white goosefoot (chenopodium album), feathertop chloris (chloris virgata), purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus), jimson weed (datura stramonium), goose grass (eleusine indica), khaki weed (tagetes minuta), and cocklebur (xanthium strumarium) were poor hosts. ditylenchus destructor survived on all weed species ... | 1990 | 19287723 |