a journey of twenty-five years through the ecological biochemistry of flavonoids. | the ecological biochemistry of flavonoids, in which i have been engaged for 25 years, is summarized in this review article. the review covers (1) a survey of rare bio-active flavonoids in higher plants; (2) the fungal metabolism of prenylated flavonoids; (3) flavonoids antidoting against benzimidazole fungicides; (4) dihydroflavonol ampelopsin in salix sachalinensis as a feeding stimulant towards willow beetles; and (5) flavones as signaling substances in the life-cycle development of the phytop ... | 2007 | 17587669 |
biogenic amine production in grass, maize and total mixed ration silages inoculated with lactobacillus casei or lactobacillus buchneri. | to investigate the effects of inoculating lactobacillus casei or lacobacillus buchneri on the production of biogenic amines (ba) in silage. | 2007 | 17650192 |
discovery of fusarium solani as a naturally occurring pathogen of sugarbeet root maggot (diptera: ulidiidae) pupae: prevalence and baseline susceptibility. | the fungus fusarium solani (mart.) sacc. was discovered as a native entomopathogen of the sugarbeet root maggot, tetanops myopaeformis (röder), in the red river valley of north dakota during the 2004 sugarbeet production season. this is the first report of a native pathogen affecting the pupal stage of t. myopaeformis. forty-four percent of larvae collected from a field site near st. thomas (pembina co.) in northeastern north dakota during may and june of 2004 were infected with the entomopathog ... | 2008 | 17662996 |
hydrolysis and microbial community analyses in two-stage anaerobic digestion of energy crops. | the roles of the diverse populations of micro-organisms responsible for biodegradation of organic matter to form methane and carbon dioxide are rudimentarily understood. to expand the knowledge on links between microbial communities and the rate limiting, hydrolytic stage of two-stage biogas production from energy crops, this study was performed. | 2007 | 17714384 |
characterization of protein changes associated with sugar beet (beta vulgaris) resistance and susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum. | fusarium oxysporum (f-19) is a serious threat to sugar beet. resistance exists, but the basis for resistance and disease is unknown. protein extracts from sugar beet genotypes c1200.xh024 (resistant, r) and fus7 (susceptible, s) were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography at 2 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) and compared to mock-inoculated controls. one hundred twenty-one (r) and 73 (s) protein peaks were induced/repressed by f-19, approximately 12 (r) and 8% (s) of the total proteo ... | 2007 | 17715886 |
genetic analysis of the histidine utilization (hut) genes in pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | the histidine utilization (hut) locus of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 confers the ability to utilize histidine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. genetic analysis using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and chromosomally integrated lacz fusions showed the hut locus to be composed of 13 genes organized in 3 transcriptional units: hutf, hutcd, and 10 genes from hutu to hutg (which includes 2 copies of huth, 1 of which is nonfunctional). inactivation of hutf eliminated the ability to g ... | 2007 | 17717196 |
remote detection of biological stresses in plants with infrared thermometry. | green leaves of mature sugar beets infected with pythium aphanidermatum and cotton infected with phymatotrichum omnivorum had midday radiant leaf temperatures 3 degrees to 5 degrees warmer than adjacent plants with no sign of disease. the temperature difference persisted under varying conditions of soil moisture and could be used to detect biological stress imposed by these soilborne root-rotting fungi. | 1979 | 17729682 |
extreme consumption of beta vulgaris var. rubra can cause metal ion accumulation in the liver. | redox homeostasis can be considered as the cumulative action of all free radical reactions and antioxidant defences in different tissues, which provide suitable conditions for life. transition metal ions are ubiquitous in biological systems. beta vulgaris var. rubra (table beet root) contains several bioactive agents (e.g. betain, betanin, vulgaxanthine, polyphenols, folic acid) and different metal elements (e.g. al, b, ba, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, zn), which act on the various physiological r ... | 2007 | 17899785 |
isoflavonoids in non-leguminous taxa: a rarity or a rule? | isoflavonoids are characteristic metabolites in legumes and an overwhelming number of reports concerning them come from the leguminosae. nevertheless, the spectrum of isoflavonoid producing taxa includes the representatives of four classes of multicellular plants, namely the bryopsida, the pinopsida, the magnoliopsida and the liliopsida. at least 59 non-leguminous families have been reported to produce isoflavones sensu lato; coumestans have been reported in 3 families, coumaronochromones in 3, ... | 2007 | 17904596 |
laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic hirsutella strains (mycota: clavicipitaceous anamorphs). | laboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (scolytus ratzeburgi jans.-coleoptera, scolytidae) and codling moth cydia pomonella l. -lepidoptera, tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-globodera rostochiensis wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-heterodera schachtii schmidt and root-knot nematode-meloidogyne hapla chif (nematoda, heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus hirsutella. from among four spec ... | 2008 | 17920621 |
revegetation of high zinc and lead tailings with municipal biosolids and lime: greenhouse study. | acidic (ph 4.1) and high cd, pb, and zn mine tailings (mean +/- sd: 17 +/- 0.4, 3800 +/- 100, and 3500 +/- 100 mg kg(-1), respectively) from an alluvial tailings deposit in leadville, colorado were amended with municipal biosolids (bs) (224 mg ha(-1)) and different types of lime (calcium carbonate equivalent of 224 mg ha(-1) caco3) in a greenhouse column study to test the ability of the amendments to neutralize surface and subsoil acidity and restore plant growth. the types of lime included coar ... | 2007 | 17940260 |
integrated bioinformatic and phenotypic analysis of rpon-dependent traits in the plant growth-promoting bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | the alternative sigma factor rpon is a key regulator in the acclimation of pseudomonas to complex natural environments. in this study we show that rpon is required for efficient colonization of sugar beet seedlings by the plant growth-promoting bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25, and use phenotypic and bioinformatic approaches to profile the rpon-dependent traits and genes of p. fluorescens sbw25. rpon is required for flagellar biosynthesis and for assimilation of a wide variety of nutrient ... | 2007 | 17991033 |
transgene escape in sugar beet production fields: data from six years farm scale monitoring. | concerns have been raised in europe about the efficiency, sustainability, and environmental impact of the first genetically modified crops. the committees and regulators in charge of approving procedures have encouraged a field trial approach for safety assessment studies under current agronomic conditions. we describe the gene flow from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in a multi-year and multi-crop monitoring study on farmers' fields at two locations that has been carried out since 1995. we analy ... | 2007 | 18001686 |
sequence-based analysis of pqbr103; a representative of a unique, transfer-proficient mega plasmid resident in the microbial community of sugar beet. | the plasmid pqbr103 was found within pseudomonas populations colonizing the leaf and root surfaces of sugar beet plants growing at wytham, oxfordshire, uk. at 425 kb it is the largest self-transmissible plasmid yet sequenced from the phytosphere. it is known to enhance the competitive fitness of its host, and parts of the plasmid are known to be actively transcribed in the plant environment. analysis of the complete sequence of this plasmid predicts a coding sequence (cds)-rich genome containing ... | 2007 | 18043644 |
sugar beet-associated bacterial and fungal communities show a high indigenous antagonistic potential against plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to analyze microbial communities in/on sugar beet with special focus on antagonists toward plant pathogens. for this purpose, the composition of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza, and endosphere of field-grown sugar beet plants was analyzed by a multiphasic approach at three different plant development stages at six locations in europe. the analysis of microbial communities by single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) of 16s/18s ... | 2008 | 18060449 |
carbohydrate and ethane release with erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum--induced necrosis. | erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum, also known as e. betavasculorum and pectobacterium betavasculorum, is a soil bacterium that has the capacity to cause root rot necrosis of sugarbeets. the qualitatively different pathogenicity exhibited by the virulent e. carotovora strain and two avirulent strains, a citrobacter sp. and an enterobacter cloacae, was examined using digital analysis of photographic evidence of necrosis as well as for carbohydrate, ethane, and ethylene release compared ... | 2008 | 18066619 |
genetic characterization of psp encoding the ding protein in pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | ding proteins constitute a conserved and broadly distributed set of proteins found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals (including humans). characterization of ding proteins from animal and plant tissues indicated ligand-binding ability suggesting a role for ding proteins in cell signaling and biomineralization. surprisingly, the genes encoding ding proteins in eukaryotes have not been identified in the eukaryotic genome or est databases. recent discovery of a ding homologue (named psp here) i ... | 2007 | 18088430 |
stereoselective degradation of benalaxyl in tomato, tobacco, sugar beet, capsicum, and soil. | the stereoselective degradation of the racemic benalaxyl in vegetables such as tomato, tobacco, sugar beet, capsicum, and the soil has been investigated. the two enantiomers of benalaxyl in the matrix were extracted by organic solvent and determined by validated chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with a cellulose-tris-(3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral column. rac-benalaxyl was fortified into the soil and foliar applied to vegetables. the assay method was linear over a range ... | 2008 | 18092301 |
evaluation of a dynamic in vitro model to simulate the porcine ileal digestion of diets differing in carbohydrate composition. | the aim of the study was to assess the ability of a dynamic in vitro model to determine the digestibility of om, cp, and starch compared with a validated, static, in vitro method and in vivo ileal digestibility obtained from growing pigs fitted with a t-cannula. five experimental diets with different carbohydrate types and level were assessed: a standard corn-based diet (st) or the same diet with coarse ground corn (cc), 8% sugar beet pulp (bp), 10% wheat bran (wb), or 8% sugar beet pulp and 10% ... | 2008 | 18203977 |
phylogenetic analysis of beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates from china. | a survey detected beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infection in six chinese sugar-beet-growing regions. to study the diversity of virus isolates among the regions, nucleotide sequences of four proteins, namely cp, p25, p31, and p26, were determined and the amino acid sequences thus deduced were analyzed using sequence alignments and the phylogenetic method, respectively. amino acid sequence analysis of cp revealed a-type isolates in harbin, hohhot, baotou, wuwei, and jiuquan and b-type is ... | 2008 | 18224433 |
trace elements in wild grasses: a phytoavailability study on a remediated field. | there have been significant efforts to establish a widely usable method for the prediction of trace element bioavailability in soil. in this work, we used extraction with 0.01 m cacl2 and 0.05 m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) to estimate bioavailable concentrations of as, cd, cu, pb, and zn in a soil moderately contaminated with trace elements 1 and 2 years after the application of three amendments. the experiment took place in a field plot of a soil affected by the toxic spill of the az ... | 2008 | 18253844 |
digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with contrasting levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber. | three experimental diets were used to investigate the digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with different levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (df). the low-fiber diet (lf; df, 16%; soluble df, 4.8%) was based on wheat and barley. the high-fiber 1 diet (hf1; df, 41%; soluble df, 11%) was based on wheat and barley supplemented with the coproducts: sugar beet pulp, potato pulp, and pectin residue, and the high-fiber 2 diet (hf2; df, 44%; soluble ... | 2008 | 18310490 |
influence of dietary fiber on luminal environment and morphology in the small and large intestine of sows. | in this study, the effect of feeding different types and amounts of dietary fiber (df) on luminal environment and morphology in the small and large intestine of sows was studied. three diets, a low-fiber diet (lf) and 2 high-fiber diets (high fiber 1, hf1, and high fiber 2, hf2) were used. diet lf (df, 17%; soluble df 4.6%) was based on wheat and barley, whereas the 2 high-fiber diets (hf1: df, 43%; soluble df, 11.0%; and hf2: df, 45%; soluble df, 7.6%) were based on wheat and barley supplemente ... | 2008 | 18310497 |
a male sterility-associated mitochondrial protein in wild beets causes pollen disruption in transgenic plants. | in higher plants, male reproductive (pollen) development is known to be disrupted in a class of mitochondrial mutants termed cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) mutants. despite the increase in knowledge regarding cms-encoding genes and their expression, definitive evidence that cms-associated proteins actually cause pollen disruption is not yet available in most cases. here we compare the translation products of mitochondria between the normal fertile cytoplasm and the male-sterile i-12cms(3) cyto ... | 2008 | 18315539 |
evaluation of the impact of various agricultural practices on nitrate leaching under the root zone of potato and sugar beet using the stics soil-crop model. | the quaternary aquifer of vitoria-gasteiz (basque country, northern spain) is characterised by a shallow water table mainly fed by drainage water, and thus constitutes a vulnerable zone in regards to nitrate pollution. field studies were performed with a potato crop in 1993 and a sugar beet crop in 2002 to evaluate their impact on nitrate leaching. the overall predictive quality of the stics soil-crop model was first evaluated using field data and then the model was used to analyze dynamically t ... | 2008 | 18328537 |
influence of fermentation methods on neutral detergent fiber degradation parameters. | the effect of 3 fermentation methods, in situ (is) in 4 lactating cows (average ph of 5.8), in vitro (ivn) with media ph of 6.8, or in vitro (iva) with media ph adjusted to 6.0 using citric acid, on fiber degradation parameters was studied using feeds ground to different particle sizes. corn silage (cs), grass silage (gs), barley grain (b), sugar beet pulp (bp), and rapeseed cake (rc) were ground using a shear mill. silages were ground through 8-, 4-, 2-, or 1-mm screens, b and bp through 4-, 2- ... | 2008 | 18349240 |
transfer of dietary zinc and fat to milk--evaluation of milk fat quality, milk fat precursors, and mastitis indicators. | the present study demonstrated that the zinc concentration in bovine milk and blood plasma is significantly affected by the intake of saturated fat supplements. sixteen holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 periods of 12 d, and 4 dietary treatments were conducted. a total mixed ration based on corn silage, grass-clover silages, and pelleted sugar beet pulp was used on all treatments. a high de novo milk fat diet was formulated by adding rapeseed meal and molasses in the t ... | 2008 | 18349247 |
technological options for biological fuel ethanol. | the current paradigm to produce biotechnological ethanol is to use the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment sugars derived from starch or sugar crops such as maize, sugar cane or sugar beet. despite its current success, the global impact of this manufacturing model is restricted on the one hand by limits on the availability of these primary raw materials, and on the other hand by the maturity of baker's yeast fermentation technologies. revisiting the technical, economic, and value chain asp ... | 2008 | 18349547 |
effects of pyrite sludge pollution on soil enzyme activities: ecological dose-response model. | a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of soil enzyme activities (acid and alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, urease and dehydrogenase) to different levels of trace elements pollution in soils representative of the area affected by the pyrite sludge mining spill of aznalcóllar (guadiamar basin, sw spain). three uncontaminated soils from the study area were mixed with different loads of pyrite sludge to resemble field conditions and criteria applied for recl ... | 2008 | 18395245 |
effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and biological efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis against rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of bean damping-off. | one of the most important environmental factors that regulate the growth and antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents is the medium. the aim of this paper was to find the nitrogen and carbon sources that provide maximum biomass production of strains p-5 and p-6 (pseudomonas fluorescens), b-3 and b-16 (bacillus subtilis) and minimum cost of media, whilst maintaining biocontrol efficacy. all of the strains were grown in seven liquid media (ph=6.9) including: sucrose + yeast extract, molasses of ... | 2007 | 18396833 |
identification of amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein required for induction of the resistance response in leaves of beta vulgaris plants. | the rna3-encoded p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is responsible for the production of rhizomania symptoms of sugar beet roots (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). here, it was found that the presence of the p25 protein is also associated with the resistance response in rub-inoculated leaves of sugar beet and wild beet (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) plants. the resistance phenotype displayed a range of symptoms from no visible lesions to necrotic or greyish lesions at the inoc ... | 2008 | 18420811 |
changes in the intraisolate genetic structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus populations associated with plant resistance breakdown. | the causal agent of rhizomania disease, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), typically produces asymptomatic root-limited infections in sugar beets (beta vulgaris) carrying the rz1-allele. unfortunately, this dominant resistance has been recently overcome. multiple cdna clones of the viral pathogenic determinant p25, derived from populations infecting susceptible or resistant plants, were sequenced to identify host effects on the viral population structure. populations isolated from compatib ... | 2008 | 18423510 |
evidence for a blockwise distribution of acetyl groups onto homogalacturonans from a commercial sugar beet (beta vulgaris) pectin. | commercial acid-extracted sugar beet pectin was extensively hydrolysed using an endo-polygalacturonase (anpgi from aspergillus niger or anpgii from a. niger or fmpg from fusarium moniliforme) in combination with aspergillus aculeatus pectin methyl-esterase (aapme). the homogalacturonan-derived oligogalacturonates released were quantified by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and their structure determined by mass spectrometry. the different endo-polygalacturonases exhibited variable ... | 2008 | 18448141 |
cloning and characterization of a novel exo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase gene and the enzyme. | a novel exo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase gene (arn3) was isolated, cloned, and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant enzyme (arn3) had a ph optimum of 6.0-7.0 and a ph 3.0-7.0 stability range. the temperature optimum was 50 degrees c with a stability less than or equal to 45 degrees c. the recombinant arn3 cleaved carboxymethyl (cm)-arabinan, debranched arabinan, and linear arabinan at a decreasing rate and is inactive on sugar beet arabinan, wheat arabinoxylan, and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuran ... | 2008 | 18483735 |
possibilities of the use of vinasses in the control of fungi phytopathogens. | the purpose of this research was to study the biocide effect of three agroindustrial subproducts, concretely sugar beet, sugar cane and wine vinasse. results from in vitro testing determined that wine vinasse is what shows a 100% capacity to suppress fungal growth with concentrations between 5% and 7% for fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 0 and 1, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pythium aphanidermatum and phytophthora parasitica and 10-15% for f. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum. on the other h ... | 2008 | 18519163 |
secondary metabolites from nonhost plants affect the motility and viability of phytopathogenic aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores. | the motile zoospores of the damping-off pathogen aphanomyces cochlioides aggregate on host plants (e.g., sugar beet, spinach) guided by the host-specific plant signal cochliophilin a before infection. to assess the potential role of secondary metabolites in nonhost resistance, acetone extracts of 200 nonhost traditional medicinal plants from chinese and bangladeshi origins were tested for the motility behaviour of a. cochlioides zoospores using a particle bioassay method. nearly one third of the ... | 2008 | 18533468 |
effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on energy digestibility, nitrogen retention, and fiber digestibility of diets fed to gestating sows. | twenty-four sows (12 nulliparous, 12 multiparous) were used to determine soluble fiber (sf) and insoluble fiber (isf) effects on energy digestibility, n balance, and sf and isf digestibility. experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal control (c; 1.20% sf, 9.78% isf), a 34% oat bran diet high in sf (hs; 3.02% sf, 10.11% isf), a 12% wheat straw diet high in isf (his; 1.11% sf, 17.86% isf), and a 16% sugar beet pulp diet (hs + his; 2.32% sf, 16.08% isf). sows were assigned randomly to diets w ... | 2008 | 18539846 |
assessment of chemical, biochemical and ecotoxicological aspects in a mine soil amended with sludge of either urban or industrial origin. | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (ss), of sugar beet sludge (sbs), or of a combination of both, in the remediation of a highly acidic (ph 3.6) metal-contaminated soil, affected by mining activities. the ss was applied at 100 and 200 mg ha(-1) (dry weight basis), and the sbs at 7 mg ha(-1). all pots were sown with italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). after 60 d of growth, shoot biomass was quantified and analysed for cu, pb and zn. the pseud ... | 2008 | 18547605 |
molecular and serological characterization of an iranian isolate of beet black scorch virus. | an isolate of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) was obtained from iranian sugar beet roots. its genome organization closely resembles that of the previously described chinese and north american isolates, but the nucleotide sequences of the three isolates differ considerably. most of the nucleotide exchanges, however, are silent, and the iranian and the chinese isolates were serologically indistinguishable. beets infected by the iranian bbsv did not show black scorch symptoms, but severe root bearde ... | 2008 | 18548319 |
a family 51 alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from penicillium purpurogenum: purification, properties and amino acid sequence. | the soft rot fungus penicillium purpurogenum secretes a wide variety of xylanolytic enzymes to the medium, among them three alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases. this work refers to arabinofuranosidase 2 (abf 2). this enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characterized; it is a glycosylated monomer with a molecular weight of 70 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. when assayed with p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (pnpara) the enzyme followed michaelis-menten kinetics with a k(m) of 0.098mm. the ... | 2008 | 18550352 |
effect of fructo-oligosaccharides and different doses of bifidobacterium animalis in a weaning diet on bacterial translocation and toll-like receptor gene expression in pigs. | our aim was to study the possible synergic action of one prebiotic with increasing dietary doses of a probiotic strain of bifidobacterium animalis on the translocation of bifidobacteria and on toll-like receptor (tlr) gene expression in different organs of weaned piglets. | 2008 | 18562167 |
a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation: application to the protein enrichment of sugar beet pulp. | a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation has been used for single-cell protein production on raw sugar beet pulp with a mutant, trichoderma viride t.s. this pilot plant, having a maximum working capacity of one ton (ca. 200 kg dry matter) can be scaled up to the production plant level. during the process, the protein content increases from 9 to 20-21% (on the basis of dry matter) in 48 h. a material and heat balance is presented in relation with temperature and moisture level regulation ... | 1988 | 18584634 |
comparative in vitro fermentation activity in the canine distal gastrointestinal tract and fermentation kinetics of fiber sources. | the current study aimed to evaluate the variation in fermentation activity along the distal canine gastrointestinal tract (git, exp. 1). it also aimed to assess fermentation kinetics and end product profiles of 16 dietary fibers for dog foods using canine fecal inoculum (exp. 2). for exp. 1, digesta were collected from the distal ileum, proximal colon, transverse colon, and rectum of 3 adult dogs. digesta per part of the git were pooled for 3 dogs, diluted (1:25, wt/vol), mixed, and filtered for ... | 2008 | 18599660 |
batch fermentation kinetics of sugar beet molasses by zymomonas mobilis. | a new osmotolerant mutant strain of zymomonas mobilis was successfully used for ethanol production from beet molasses. addition of magnesium sulfate to hydrolyzed molasses allowed repeated growth without the need of yeast extract addition. the kinetics and yields parameters of fermentation on media with different molasses concentrations were calculated. the anabolic parameters (specific growth rate, mu, and biomass yield, y(x/s)) were inhibited at elevated molasses concentrations while the catab ... | 1991 | 18600764 |
trace elements, ph and organic matter evolution in contaminated soils under assisted natural remediation: a 4-year field study. | a 4-year study was undertaken on the effect of three amendments (biosolid compost (bc), sugar beet lime (sl), and combination of leonardite plus sugar beet lime (lesl)) on reclamation of a moderately trace element-contaminated soil under field conditions. results showed that organic c increased in bc and lesl treatments. bc and sl treatments increased soil ph and reduced cacl(2)-extractable metal concentrations more efficiently. at the end of the experiment, cacl(2)-extractable metal concentrati ... | 2009 | 18602216 |
bentonite aids virus transmission. | the addition of 0.1-1% bentonite to crude sap of erigeron glaucus containing tomato ringspot virus increased transmission of the virus to bean, but similar amounts of bentonite to the same inoculum decreased transmission to cucumber and cowpea. addition of bentonite to crude inoculum of this virus in cucumber, bean, and cowpea reduced transmission to cucumber, bean, and cowpea. bentonite decreased transmission to cowpea of cucumber mosaic virus from young cucumber but increased transmission from ... | 1966 | 18611479 |
absorption of carbohydrate-derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber. | the current investigation was undertaken to study the absorption and plasma concentration of carbohydrate-derived nutrients [glucose, short-chain fatty acids (scfa), and lactate] and the apparent insulin production in sows fed diets containing contrasting types and contents of dietary fiber. six sows were fed 3 experimental diets, low fiber (lf; 177 g of dietary fiber and 44 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm), high soluble fiber (hf-s; 429 g of dietary fiber and 111 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm), and h ... | 2009 | 18676728 |
production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses. | the fungus mucor indicus is found in this study able to consume glucose and fructose, but not sucrose in fermentation of sugarcane and sugar beet molasses. this might be an advantage in industries which want to selectively remove glucose and fructose for crystallisation of sucrose present in the molasses. on the other hand, the fungus assimilated sucrose after hydrolysis by the enzyme invertase. the fungus efficiently grew on glucose and fructose and produced ethanol in synthetic media or from m ... | 2008 | 18712551 |
two distinct arabinofuranosidases contribute to arabino-oligosaccharide degradation in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis produces alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases (ec 3.2.1.55; afs) capable of releasing arabinosyl oligomers and l-arabinose from plant cell walls. here, we show by insertion-deletion mutational analysis that genes abfa and xsa(asd), herein renamed abf2, encode afs responsible for the majority of the intracellular af activity in b. subtilis. both enzyme activities were shown to be cytosolic and functional studies indicated that arabino-oligomers are natural substrates for the afs. the pr ... | 2008 | 18757805 |
biochemical characterization of a novel dual-function arabinofuranosidase/xylosidase isolated from a compost starter mixture. | the gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 43 enzyme termed deax was isolated and subcloned from a culture seeded with a compost starter mixed bacterium population, expressed with a c-terminal his(6)-tag, and purified to apparent homogeneity. deax was monomeric in solution and had a broad ph maximum between ph 5.5 and ph 7. a twofold greater k (cat)/k (m) for the p-nitrophenyl derivative of alpha-l: -arabinofuranose versus that for the isomeric substrate beta-d-xylopyranose was due to an app ... | 2009 | 18762936 |
a conserved mechanism for nitrile metabolism in bacteria and plants. | pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium that efficiently colonizes the leaf surfaces and rhizosphere of a range of plants. previous studies have identified a putative plant-induced nitrilase gene (pina) in p. fluorescens sbw25 that is expressed in the rhizosphere of sugar beet plants. nitrilase enzymes have been characterised in plants, bacteria and fungi and are thought to be important in detoxification of nitriles, utilisation of nitrogen and synthesis of plant horm ... | 2009 | 18786181 |
extraction of green labeled pectins and pectic oligosaccharides from plant byproducts. | green labeled pectins were extracted by an environmentally friendly way using proteases and cellulases being able to act on proteins and cellulose present in cell walls. pectins were isolated from different plant byproducts, i.e., chicory roots, citrus peel, cauliflower florets and leaves, endive, and sugar beet pulps. enzymatic extraction was performed at 50 degrees c for 4 h, in order to fulfill the conditions required for microbiological safety of extracted products. high methoxy (hm) pectins ... | 2008 | 18788816 |
comparative mycotoxin profiles of gibberella zeae populations from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets. | gibberella zeae is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley and wheat in the united states. the fungus also infects noncereal crops, such as potatoes and sugar beets, and the genetic relationships among barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet isolates indicate high levels of similarity. however, little is known about the toxigenic potential of g. zeae isolates from potatoes and sugar beets. a total of 336 isolates of g. zeae from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets were collected and a ... | 2008 | 18791024 |
influence of source and concentrations of dietary fiber on in vivo nitrogen excretion pathways in pigs as reflected by in vitro fermentation and nitrogen incorporation by fecal bacteria. | the inclusion of dietary fiber (df) in diets has been suggested as a way to reduce nh(3) emission in pig barns because it contributes to a shift in n excretion from urine to feces owing to enhanced bacterial growth in the intestines. this study compared an in vitro method to measure bacterial protein synthesis during fermentation with an in vivo n excretion shift induced by diets differing in df concentrations and solubility. the first experiment measured the effect of graded concentrations of s ... | 2009 | 18791157 |
quantitative trait locus responsible for resistance to aphanomyces root rot (black root) caused by aphanomyces cochlioides drechs. in sugar beet. | aphanomyces root rot, caused by aphanomyces cochlioides drechs., is one of the most serious diseases of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). identification and characterization of resistance genes is a major task in sugar beet breeding. to ensure the effectiveness of marker-assisted screening for aphanomyces root rot resistance, genetic analysis of mature plants' phenotypic and molecular markers' segregation was carried out. at a highly infested field site, some 187 f(2) and 66 f(3) individuals, deriv ... | 2009 | 18813904 |
management practices associated with udder health of first-parity dairy cows in early lactation. | this study aimed at investigating associations between management routines including feeding, housing, and milking around calving, and udder health of first-parity cows in early lactation in swedish large, high producing, low bulk-milk somatic cell count (scc) dairy herds housed in free stalls. seventy-two dairy herds participated and data concerning 1189 first-parity cows calving during the study period (october 2005-january 2006) was collected. multivariable regression analysis were performed ... | 2009 | 18842308 |
interactions of bacillus spp. and plants--with special reference to induced systemic resistance (isr). | biological control of soil-borne pathogens comprises the decrease of inoculum or of the disease producing activity of a pathogen through one or more mechanisms. interest in biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens has increased considerably in the last few decades, because it may provide control of diseases that cannot or only partly be managed by other control strategies. recent advances in microbial and molecular techniques have significantly contributed to new insights in underlying m ... | 2009 | 18845426 |
two glucuronoyl esterases of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium produces glucuronoyl esterase, a recently discovered carbohydrate esterase, during growth on sugar beet pulp. two putative genes encoding this enzyme, ge1 and ge2, were isolated and cloned. heterologous expression in aspergillus vadensis, pycnoporus cinnabarinus and schizophyllum commune resulted in extracellular glucuronoyl esterase activity, demonstrating that these genes encode this enzymatic function. the amino acid sequence of ge1 was used to ... | 2009 | 18854978 |
characterization of a gamma-3 proteobacteria responsible for the syndrome "basses richesses" of sugar beet transmitted by pentastiridius sp. (hemiptera, cixiidae). | abstract the disease syndrome "basses richesses" (sbr) has affected sugar beet crops in burgundy (france) since 1991. it mainly is associated with an uncultivable phloem-restricted bacterium-like organism (blo) called sbr blo. transmission tests showed that field-collected pentastiridius sp. (hemiptera, cixiidae) were able to transmit the sbr blo to sugar beet. in the present work, sequences of a 1,507-bp 16s ribosomal (r)dna fragment of sbr blo were amplified from dna extracts of sbr-affected f ... | 2007 | 18942939 |
association with the syndrome "basses richesses" of sugar beet of a phytoplasma and a bacterium-like organism transmitted by a pentastiridius sp. | abstract the syndrome "basses richesses" of sugar beet (sbr) was first observed in 1991 in burgundy, france. a cixiid planthopper, pentastiridius beieri, has been proved to be involved in the transmission to sugar beet of a stolbur phytoplasma, which could be detected in some affected plants. in 2000, periwinkle and sugar beet exposed to field-collected cixiids developed symptoms similar to sbr on sugar beet. use of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining and transmission electron microsco ... | 2002 | 18942951 |
remote detection of rhizomania in sugar beets. | abstract as a prelude to remote sensing of rhizomania, hyper-spectral leaf reflectance and multi-spectral canopy reflectance were used to study the physiological differences between healthy sugar beets and beets infested with beet necrotic yellow vein virus. this study was conducted over time in the presence of declining nitrogen levels. total leaf nitrogen was significantly lower in symptomatic beets than in healthy beets. chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were reduced in symptomatic beets. veg ... | 2003 | 18943059 |
factors affecting the onset of cercospora leaf spot epidemics in sugar beet and establishment of disease-monitoring thresholds. | abstract severe cercospora leaf spots epidemics in sugar beet during the late 1980s and early 1990s in southern germany prompted us to initiate investigations on the epidemiology of the causal agent, cercospora beticola. the data set involved 69 field trials (1993 to 2003) focusing on factors affecting the epidemic onset of this disease. observations were made at weekly intervals, recording the calendar week when canopy closure occurred (growth stage according to bbch scale = 39) and symptom dev ... | 2005 | 18943120 |
curly top survey in the western united states. | curly top in sugar beet continues to be a challenging disease to control in the western united states. to aid in development of host resistance and management options, the curtovirus species composition was investigated by sampling 246 commercial fields along with nursery and field trials in the western united states. dna was isolated from leaf samples and the species were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for the c1 gene. amplicons from 79 isolates were also se ... | 2008 | 18943410 |
mutations associated with resistance-breaking isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and their allelic discrimination using taqman technology. | abstract genetic resistance in sugar beet (beta vulgaris) to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which causes the disease rhizomania, is conferred by the single dominant gene rz1. however, since 2002, rz1 cultivars grown in the imperial valley of california have been increasingly damaged by a new strain of bnyvv. viral rna 3 was extracted from asymptomatic and symptomatic sugar beets and, after amplification and sequencing of a region including the p25 cistron, two polymorphic sites, a67v a ... | 2007 | 18943652 |
epidemiology of cercospora leaf spot on sugar beet: modeling disease dynamics within and between individual plants. | abstract disease dynamics of cercospora leaf spot (cls) of sugar beet was analyzed at two hierarchical scales: as vertical profiles within individual plants and in relation to disease on neighboring plants. the relative contribution of different leaf layers to increase in cls was analyzed using a simple continuous-time model. the model was fitted to data from two field trials in the netherlands: one in an area with a long history of cls, the other in an area where cls has only recently establish ... | 2007 | 18943715 |
genetic relationships among populations of gibberella zeae from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet in the upper midwest of the united states. | gibberella zeae, a causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and barley, is one of the most economically harmful pathogens of cereals in the united states. in recent years, the known host range of g. zeae has also expanded to noncereal crops. however, there is a lack of information on the population genetic structure of g. zeae associated with noncereal crops and across wheat cultivars. to test the hypothesis that g. zeae populations sampled from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet i ... | 2008 | 18943734 |
induction of beet-cyst nematode suppressiveness by the fungi dactylella oviparasitica and fusarium oxysporum in field microplots. | abstract the ability of dactylella oviparasitica and fusarium oxysporum to suppress heterodera schachtii numbers was examined in field microplots. fungi were individually added to fumigated field soil that was seeded with sugar beet. four weeks later, soils were infested with h. schachtii second-stage juveniles (j2). at two harvests, 11 weeks and 19 weeks (1,469 and 2,547 degree days (base 8 degrees c), respectively) after nematode-infestation, h. schachtii cyst and egg numbers were assessed. at ... | 2006 | 18943750 |
mutagenesis of beta-1,3-glucanase genes in lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3 results in reduced biological control activity toward bipolaris leaf spot of tall fescue and pythium damping-off of sugar beet. | abstract lysobacter enzymogenes produces extracellular lytic enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of fungi and oomycetes. many of these enzymes, including beta-1,3-glucanases, are thought to contribute to the biological control activity expressed by several strains of the species. l. enzymogenes strain c3 produces multiple extracellular beta-1,3-glucanases encoded by the glua, glub, and gluc genes. analysis of the genes indicates they are homologous to previously characterized genes in th ... | 2005 | 18943787 |
real-time pcr quantification and mycotoxin production of fusarium graminearum in wheat inoculated with isolates collected from potato, sugar beet, and wheat. | abstract fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (fhb) in small grains worldwide. although primarily a pathogen of cereals, it also can infect noncereal crops such as potato and sugar beet in the united states. we used a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on intergenic sequences specific to the trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) from f. graminearum. taqman probe and primers were designed and used to estimate dna content of the pathogen (fgdna) in the susceptible wheat ... | 2007 | 18943932 |
influence of soil temperature and matric potential on sugar beet seedling colonization and suppression of pythium damping-off by the antagonistic bacteria pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis. | abstract pseudomonas fluorescens b5 and bacillus subtilis mbi 600 colonized sugar beet seedlings at matric potentials of -7 x 10(3), -140 x 10(3), and -330 x 10(3) pa and under five temperature regimes ranging from 7 to 35 degrees c, with diurnal fluctuations of 5 to 22 degrees c. no interaction between matric potential and temperature was observed. in situ bioluminescence indicated physiological activity of pseudomonas fluorescens b5. colonization of the root at >/=4 cm below the seed decreased ... | 2004 | 18944111 |
suppression of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii by the fungus dactylella oviparasitica. | this study examined the role of the fungi dactylella oviparasitica and fusarium oxysporum in the beet-cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) suppressiveness exhibited by a southern californian soil. in prior research, the abundance of d. oviparasitica rrna genes positively correlated with high levels of suppressiveness, whereas the abundance of f. oxysporum rrna genes positively correlated with minimal to moderate levels of suppressiveness. in this report, both fungi were added to fumigation-induc ... | 2006 | 18944211 |
differentiation of three homogeneous groups of rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4 by analysis of fatty acids. | abstract profiles of fatty acids from 70 isolates of rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (ag)-4 clustered into three groups, corresponding to homogeneous group (hg)-i, hg-ii, and a newly described hg-iii. isolates from georgia peanuts exhibiting limb rot were characterized as gas chromatography (gc) subgroup 1 (gc-1) and contained hg-i isolates. isolates from diseased soybean hypocotyls grown in north dakota and sugar beet seedlings, taproots, and tare soil in minnesota and north dakota were ch ... | 2001 | 18944227 |
induction of defense reactions in sugar beet and wheat by treatment with cell wall protein fractions from the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum. | abstract to detect molecules with elicitor properties from pythium oligandrum, cell wall protein fractions (cwps) were extracted from 10 p. oligandrum isolates and examined for elicitor activity in sugar beet and wheat. p. oligandrum isolates were divided into two groups based on the number of major proteins in cwp: isolates with two major proteins (d-type) and isolates with one major protein (s-type). sugar beet seedlings treated with both types of cwp through their roots showed enhanced activi ... | 2003 | 18944321 |
distinct species exist within the cercospora apii morphotype. | abstract the genus cercospora is one of the largest genera of hyphomycetes. cercospora apii sensu lato is the oldest name for a large complex of morphologically indistinguishable cercospora spp. occurring on a wide host range. there are currently 659 recognized cercospora spp., and names of another 281 morphologically identical species are included in the synonymy of c. apii sensu lato. two of the species that belong to the c. apii complex, c. apii and c. beticola, cause cercospora leaf spot on ... | 2005 | 18944418 |
induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by bacillus spp. | abstract elicitation of induced systemic resistance (isr) by plant-associated bacteria was initially demonstrated using pseudomonas spp. and other gram-negative bacteria. several reviews have summarized various aspects of the large volume of literature on pseudomonas spp. as elicitors of isr. fewer published accounts of isr by bacillus spp. are available, and we review this literature for the first time. published results are summarized showing that specific strains of the species b. amyloliquef ... | 2004 | 18944464 |
the relationship of host range, physiology, and genotype to virulence on cantaloupe in pseudomonas syringae from cantaloupe blight epidemics in france. | abstract in 1993, a bacterial blight caused important losses of cantaloupe (cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) in southwestern france and has now been reported in all cantaloupe-growing regions of france. the causal agent of this blight is pseudomonas syringae, although on a worldwide basis this bacterium has not been a major pathogen of melon for over 50 years. to identify the pathovar of the cantaloupe pathogen, we employed biochemical tests, plasmid and chromosomal profiling, and host range stu ... | 2000 | 18944544 |
biological, serological, and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape. | yellowing diseases of sugar beet can be caused by a range of strains classified as beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) or beet western yellows virus (bwyv), both belonging to the genus polerovirus of the family luteoviridae. host range, genomic, and serological studies have shown that isolates of these viruses can be grouped into three distinct species. within these species, the coat protein amino acid sequences are highly conserved (more than 90% homology), whereas the p0 sequences (open reading f ... | 2000 | 18944550 |
rna 3 deletion mutants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus do not cause rhizomania disease in sugar beets. | abstract two mutant strains of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) containing deletions in rna 3 were obtained by single lesion transfers in tetragonia expansa. the deleted regions encode either 94 or 121 amino acids toward the c-terminal part of the 25-kda protein (p25). wild-type and mutant virus strains were inoculated by polymyxa betae to sugar beet seedlings of susceptible and partially resistant cultivars. no differences were found in virus content in rootlets between mutant and wild-t ... | 1999 | 18944654 |
soil acidity determines the effectiveness of an organic amendment and a native bacterium for increasing soil stabilisation in semiarid mine tailings. | unstable mine tailings are vulnerable to water and air erosion, so it is important to promote their surface stabilisation in order to avoid the spread of heavy metals. in a greenhouse experiment, we assessed the effect of the addition of aspergillus niger-treated sugar beet waste and inoculation with a native bacterium, bacillus cereus, on the stabilisation of soil aggregates of two acidic, semiarid mine tailings, with different acidity degree, during watering and drying periods. organic amendme ... | 2009 | 18954889 |
effect of replacing barley with rice bran in finishing diet on productive performance and carcass characteristics of afshari lambs. | thirty-five male afshari lambs (3.5 months old), with an average weight of 35 kg were randomly assigned to one of five experimental treatments relating to optimal replacement level of rice bran in lamb finishing diets. the lambs were fed a milled concentrate (3 mm screen) diet supplemented with 15% (dm basis) chopped (5 cm length) lucerne hay and chopped (5 cm length) maize silage or wet (80% moisture) sugar beet pulp. barley grain in the lambs' diets was replaced by rice bran at either 0, 15, 3 ... | 2009 | 18958577 |
application of a fuzzy logic control system for continuous anaerobic digestion of low buffered, acidic energy crops as mono-substrate. | a fuzzy logic control (flc) system was developed at the hamburg university of applied sciences (haw hamburg) for operation of biogas reactors running on energy crops. three commercially available measuring parameters, namely ph, the methane (ch4) content, and the specific gas production rate (spec. gpr = m(3)/kg vs/day) were included. the objective was to avoid stabilization of ph with use of buffering supplements, like lime or manure. the developed flc system can cover most of all applications, ... | 2009 | 18988261 |
cellulose binding protein from the parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii interacts with arabidopsis pectin methylesterase: cooperative cell wall modification during parasitism. | plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete a complex of cell wall-digesting enzymes, which aid in root penetration and migration. the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines also produces a cellulose binding protein (hg cbp) secretory protein. to determine the function of cbp, an orthologous cdna clone (hs cbp) was isolated from the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii, which is able to infect arabidopsis thaliana. cbp is expressed only in the early phases of feeding cell formation and no ... | 2008 | 19001564 |
accumulation of the hormone abscisic acid (aba) at the infection site of the fungus cercospora beticola supports the role of aba as a repressor of plant defence in sugar beet. | inducible plant defence responses in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves are repressed during the early phase of infection by the fungus cercospora beticola. in this report, we show that the concentration of the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) increases in sugar beet leaves during c. beticola infection. after an initial burst of aba induced by inoculation of the fungus, elevated aba concentrations were detected during the fungal penetration and colonization phases 3-9 days after inoculation. ... | 2008 | 19018995 |
identification of differentially expressed root genes upon rhizomania disease. | rhizomania is one of the most devastating sugar beet diseases. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which induces abnormal rootlet proliferation. to understand better the physiological and molecular basis of the disorder, transcriptome analysis was performed by restriction fragment differential display polymerase chain reaction (rfdd-pcr), which provided differential gene expression profiles between non-infected and infected sugar beet roots. two distinct viral isolates were ... | 2008 | 19019003 |
biogas from energy crops--optimal pre-treatments and storage, co-digestion and energy balance in boreal conditions. | the objective of this research was to evaluate the biogas production from crops in boreal conditions, focusing on the optimal pre-treatment and storage methods, co-digestion and energy balance of farm-scale crop based biogas plants. alkaline treatments offered some potential for improving the methane yield from grass and sugar beet tops. the results show that the ch4 yield of energy crops can be maintained by appropriate ensiling conditions for even after 11 months in ambient conditions. the ch4 ... | 2008 | 19029729 |
identification of mitochondrial genome rearrangements unique to novel cytoplasmic male sterility in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms) radish (raphanus sativus l.) and its associated mitotype (dcgms) were previously identified; however, no mtdna fragments flanking the atp6 gene were found in the dcgms mitotype. unlike three other mitotypes in this study, a unique mtdna organization, atp6-nad3-rps12, was found to be the major mtdna structure associated with this mitotype. this organization may have arisen from short repeat sequence-mediated recombination events. the short repeat clusters ... | 2009 | 19034407 |
curtovirus-cucurbit interaction: acquisition host plays a role in leafhopper transmission in a host-dependent manner. | curly top disease (ctd) of vegetable crops is caused by viruses in the genus curtovirus (family geminiviridae). cucurbits are reported to be susceptible to ctd; however, the disease is rare in california despite annual outbreaks in other hosts (e.g., common bean, pepper, sugar beet, and tomato). consistent with these observations, no obvious curly top symptoms were observed in melon fields surveyed for ctd in central california in 2004 and 2005, whereas the disease was readily observed in tomato ... | 2009 | 19055441 |
impact of crop species on bacterial community structure during anaerobic co-digestion of crops and cow manure. | the bacterial communities in three continuously stirred tank reactors co-digesting cow manure with grass silage, oat straw, and sugar beet tops, respectively, were investigated by 16s rrna gene-based fingerprints and clone libraries. the analyses revealed both clearly distinct and similar phylotypes in the bacterial communities between the reactors. the major groups represented in the three reactors were clostridia, unclassified bacteria, and bacteroidetes. phylotypes affiliated with bacilli or ... | 2009 | 19062272 |
phylogeny of chitinases and its implications for estimating horizontal gene transfer from chitinase-transgenic silver birch (betula pendula). | chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that have been employed in biotechnology in attempts to increase plants' resistance against fungal pathogens. genetically modified plants have given rise to concerns of the spreading of transgenes into the environment through vertical or horizontal gene transfer (hgt). in this study, chitinase-like sequences from silver birch (betula pendula) est-libraries were identified and their phylogenetic relationships to other chitinases were studied. phylogenetic analyse ... | 2008 | 19081010 |
effect of sugar beet root aphid, pemphigus fuscicornis (homoptera: pemphigidae), on sugar beet yield and quality in iran. | pemphigus fuscicornis (koch) is a pest of sugar beet root in warm and dry regions of iran. this belongs to the middle east and south east of asia fauna. nymphs establish colonies in root sutures and feed heavily which cause wilting and yellowing in beet near harvest. this study was conducted to determine infestation indices, damage occurrence and the necessity for control measures of this pest. nymph colonies were monitored in different experimental fields that were planted with commonly used mo ... | 2007 | 19090171 |
sodium and proline accumulation as osmoregulators in tolerance of sugar beet genotypes to salinity. | twenty eight sugar beet genotypes were analysed for their tolerance at 3 nacl levels (0, 3000 and 6000 mg nacl kg(-1) soil) and na+, k+, na+/k+ and free proline were measured from the leaf samples. results showed that increasing salinity level caused an increase in na+, na+/k+ and proline, but a decrease in k+ content of leaf samples (p < or = 0.01). as compared to non-tolerant genotypes, tolerant ones accumulated more na+ and na+/k+ and proline and less k+. it seems that na+ and proline accumul ... | 2007 | 19090283 |
the effect of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on nutrient intake, digestibility and finishing performance of lambs fed a diet based on dried molasses sugar beet-pulp. | this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae, sc47) on finishing performance, digestibility, some blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of male lambs fed a diet based on dried molasses sugar beet-pulp (msbp). eighteen sanjabi male lambs (20.95 +/- 2.7 kg initial body weight and 3 month of age) were used in a completely randomized design. animals were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments (with or without yeast). digestibility and nitrog ... | 2007 | 19093506 |
the effects of dietary fibre type on satiety-related hormones and voluntary food intake in dogs. | depending on type and inclusion level, dietary fibre may increase and maintain satiety and postpone the onset of hunger. this 7-week study evaluated the effect of fibre fermentability on physiological satiety-related metabolites and voluntary food intake (vfi) in dogs. sixteen healthy adult dogs were fed a low-fermentable fibre (lff) diet containing 8.5 % cellulose or a high-fermentable fibre (hff) diet containing 8.5 % sugarbeet pulp and 2 % inulin. large intestinal fibre degradation was evalua ... | 2009 | 19144213 |
multiple physiological states of a pseudomonas fluorescens dr54 biocontrol inoculant monitored by a new flow cytometry protocol. | a new fluorescence staining and flow cytometry protocol was developed to monitor several physiological states in biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens dr54 during storage survival in a stationary-phase culture, preparation of clay carrier for seed formulation, and establishment in a sugar beet spermosphere. the high load of impurities in the environmental samples was dealt with by adding a density-gradient purification step to the staining protocol. staining by sybr green, combined with eith ... | 2009 | 19159420 |
progress towards the understanding and control of sugar beet rhizomania disease. | rhizomania is a soil-borne disease that occurs throughout the major sugar beet growing regions of the world, causing severe yield losses in the absence of effective control measures. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which is transmitted by the obligate root-infecting parasite polymyxa betae. bnyvv has a multipartite rna genome with all natural isolates containing four rna species, although some isolates have a fifth rna. the larger rna1 and rna2 contain the housekeeping g ... | 2009 | 19161359 |
density and composition of an insect population in a field trial of chitinase transgenic and wild-type silver birch (betula pendula) clones. | fifteen silver birch (betula pendula roth) lines carrying a sugar beet chitinase iv gene and eight wild-type birch clones were grown in a field trial. the composition and density of the insect population and the leaf damage caused by insects were monitored and compared between transgenic and wild-type trees. the most abundant insect group in all trees was aphids, and the variation in total insect densities was mainly explained by the variation in aphid densities. insect densities were generally ... | 2008 | 19161703 |
significance of treated agrowaste residue and autochthonous inoculates (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus cereus) on bacterial community structure and phytoextraction to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals. | in this study, we analyzed the impact of treatments such as aspergillus niger-treated sugar beet waste (sb), po4(3-) fertilization and autochthonous inoculants [arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and bacillus cereus], on the bacterial community structure in a soils contaminated with heavy metals as well as, the effectiveness on plant growth (trifolium repens). the inoculation with am fungi in sb amended soil, increased plant growth similarly to po4(3-) addition, and both treatments matched in p a ... | 2009 | 19185328 |
vinasse added to dried sugar beet pulp: preference rate, voluntary intake, and digestive utilization in sheep. | three experiments were performed to study the nutritional characteristics of sugar beet pulp (sbp) according to the concentration of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) added. eighteen merino ewes were used to study preference in exp. 1, and 18 merino ewes were used in exp. 2 to study voluntary intake of sbp with different amounts of vinasse inclusion (0, 7, and 13% on a dm basis; sbp0, sbp7, and spb13, respectively). sheep showed a marked preference for sbp with vinasse, regardless of the amo ... | 2009 | 19213714 |
a single u/c nucleotide substitution changing alanine to valine in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein promotes increased virus accumulation in roots of mechanically inoculated, partially resistant sugar beet seedlings. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) a type isolates e12 and s8, originating from areas where resistance-breaking had or had not been observed, respectively, served as starting material for studying the influence of sequence variations in bnyvv rna 3 on virus accumulation in partially resistant sugar beet varieties. sub-isolates containing only rnas 1 and 2 were obtained by serial local lesion passages; biologically active cdna clones were prepared for rnas 3 which differed in their coding se ... | 2009 | 19218223 |
quaternary ipm (integrated pest management)--concept for the control of powdery mildew in sugar beets. | powdery mildew, caused by erysiphe betae (vanha) weltzien, may be assumed as an important leaf disease in sugar beet growing areas of central europe. although the causal agent is mainly adapted to arid climatic zones, the disease is appearing every year, where the extent of infection is mainly dependent on weather conditions and susceptibility of cultivar. the losses caused by powdery mildew seldom exceed 10% of sugar yield; moreover, losses are likely only under the condition that the epidemic ... | 2008 | 19226742 |