| sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in swedish children. ii. a study of preschool children. | non-bcg-vaccinated preschool children (4 or 5 years of age) were simultaneously tested on separate arms with a 2 iu ppd rt23 and 0.1 microgram mycobacterium avium sensitin rs10 or 0.1 microgram mycobacterium scrofulaceum sensitin rs95. none of the 762 children had any known exposure to tuberculosis. a total of 8.8% reacted with an induration (greater than or equal to 3 mm to ppd rt23 while 2% reacted with greater than or equal to 6 mm. half the children were tested with m. avium sensitin: 18.9 a ... | 1991 | 1882444 |
| [the formation of delayed hypersensitivity to mycobacterial antigens]. | in experiments on guinea pigs and balb/c mice delayed hypersensitivity to mycobacterial antigens was induced by the sensitization of the animals with live bcg or killed mycobacterium bovis or m. avium in incomplete freund's adjuvant. in the study of the dynamics of the development of skin reactivity to tuberculin some advantages of the sensitization of guinea pigs with live mycobacteria were revealed, while after the revaccination of the animals no development of secondary cell-mediated immune r ... | 1991 | 1882613 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid absorbed enzyme immunoassay test for the diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle. | an absorbed enzyme immunoassay (eia) test for johne's disease in cattle was developed in which absorption of cross-reacting antibodies occurred as a rapid reaction in solution rather than overnight with whole organisms and a subsequent centrifugation step. total test time was reduced to less than 2 h with a minimum of manipulations. the test was evaluated in cattle herds from johne's disease-endemic and johne's disease-free regions of australia. specificity was 99.8%. calculations of sensitivity ... | 1991 | 1883290 |
| effect of tween 80 on formation of the superficial l1 layer of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex. | the effects of tween 80 supplementation of liquid culture medium on the formation of the superficial l1 layer of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) were examined by serological and scanning electron microscopic experiments. specific antiserum to the glycopeptidolipids on the l1 layer of m. avium s-139, made in a rabbit, was used for seroagglutination reactions with antigens prepared from strain s-139 grown in medium supplemented with various levels of tween 80 (0, ... | 1991 | 1885740 |
| [in vitro susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to various drugs]. | mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare isolated from patients infected with m. avium complex (mac), which were identified by gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for the mac, were studied for susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents, including rifampicin, rifabutin, kanamycin, streptomycin, amikacin, ethambutol, clofazimine, isoniazid, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and cycloserine. ratio of resistant strains to test strains to a given agent at prescribed concentration in cases of m. avium and m ... | 1991 | 1890791 |
| [the comparison of drug susceptibility of antituberculous agents against colonizing m. intracellulare and infectious m. intracellulare]. | the susceptibility of antituberculous agents against colonized m. intracellulare which were isolated from patients with pulmonary disease and infectious m. intracellulare (pathogens) isolated from atypical mycobacterial culture was investigated. aminoglycosides were more potent against colonized organisms than against pathogens. isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin showed less potent antimicrobial activity against both colonized organism and pathogens as compared to aminoglycosides. on the contr ... | 1991 | 1890793 |
| survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection with and without antimycobacterial chemotherapy. | the contribution of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (dmac) infection to the morbidity and mortality of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is unclear. previous studies that suggested the decreased survival of patients with aids and dmac had incomplete information on patient immunologic status and follow-up. we studied patients with aids and dmac and compared their survival with that of aids patients without dmac but with other comparable risk factors for survival. c ... | 1991 | 1892294 |
| therapeutic efficacy of liposome-encapsulated kanamycin against mycobacterium intracellulare infection induced in mice. | liposome-encapsulated kanamycin (km) was examined for therapeutic efficacy against experimental infection induced with mycobacterium intracellulare in mice. liposomal km injections (once weekly for up to 8 wk) led to a greater reduction in the degree of gross pulmonary lesions and in the growth of the organisms in the visceral organs (lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys) of infected mice than did either free km alone or free km mixed with empty liposomal vesicles. the therapeutic effect of the lip ... | 1991 | 1892297 |
| pulmonary manifestations of hiv infection in children. | we retrospectively reviewed the spectrum, course, and outcome of pulmonary diseases in 66 children with aids, hospitalized between 1982 and 1988, prior to the use of zidovudine. fifty-two of the 66 (79%) patients developed pulmonary problems. in fifty-two percent of all patients, a pulmonary problem was the first symptom of hiv infection. the most common respiratory illness requiring hospitalization was an episode of respiratory distress with normal pao2 and unchanged x-ray with a 9.7 +/- 6.8 da ... | 1991 | 1896230 |
| in situ immunophenotype of macrophages and lymphocytes in granuloma formation of tuberculous lymphadenitis in hiv-infected and immunocompetent patients. | the phenotype of inflammatory cells in lymph nodes from 16 patients with culture-proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. eight patients were suffering from a symptomatic hiv1 infection and 8 patients were immunocompetent individuals without positive hiv1 serology. in addition, the lymph nodes of 2 aids patients with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection were examined using the same techniques. characteristic granulomas with or wit ... | 1991 | 1896641 |
| natural killer cell-dependent mycobacteriostatic and mycobactericidal activity in human macrophages. | host defense mechanisms against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are poorly understood. recent evidence suggests the role of nk cells in the host defense against some intracellular pathogens. we investigated whether nk cells play a role in mac infection. il-2-activated human nk cells were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages either before or after infection with mac. macrophages were lysed 3 and 5 days after infection for quantitation of viable intracellular organisms. although no ... | 1991 | 1898601 |
| modulation of mycobacterium avium growth in murine macrophages: reversal of unresponsiveness to interferon-gamma by indomethacin or interleukin-4. | the ability of soluble factors to modulate the growth of a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium in murine peritoneal macrophages was studied. the virulent strain, tmc 702, grew progressively in the organs of susceptible balb/c mice. in addition, this strain of m. avium grew progressively in untreated peritoneal macrophages. treatment of macrophage monolayers with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) did not change significantly the intracellular growth of m. avium. addition of indomethacin to ifn-gamm ... | 1991 | 1898613 |
| immunomodulation of mouse macrophage killing of mycobacterium avium in vitro. | when c57bl/6 mice were infected intravenously with mycobacterium avium, bacterial growth continued within the spleen until more than 10(8) cfu/g of tissue were attained. this contrasted with mycobacterium bovis bcg infections where growth declined after 2 weeks. in vivo m. avium-infected splenic macrophages were harvested from chronically infected mice and cultured in vitro for 4 days at 37 degrees c. the number of viable mycobacteria within the resulting macrophage monolayers decreased when cul ... | 1991 | 1898909 |
| comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of isoniazid and ethionamide against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mic and mbc) of isoniazid and ethionamide were determined in 7h12 broth in experiments with 68 mycobacterium avium strains and 14 wild drug-susceptible m. tuberculosis strains. mics of isoniazid for m. tuberculosis were from 0.025 to 0.05 microgram/ml, and for m. avium from 0.6 to greater than 10.0 micrograms/ml. mics of ethionamide for m. tuberculosis were from 0.3 to 1.25 micrograms/ml, and 42.7% of m. avium strains were within the same range ... | 1991 | 1899326 |
| intraabdominal mycobacterium tuberculosis vs mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections in patients with aids: distinction based on ct findings. | abdominal ct scans of 71 patients with aids who had proved disseminated infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis (27 patients) or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (44 patients) were reviewed retrospectively to identify radiologic features that can be used to distinguish the two infections. ct findings in patients with disseminated m. tuberculosis included focal lesions in the liver (11%), spleen (30%), kidneys (19%), pancreas (7%), and gastrointestinal tract (15%) and lymph nodes with centr ... | 1991 | 1899742 |
| growth of mycobacterium avium in human monocytes: identification of cytokines which reduce and enhance intracellular microbial growth. | human monocytes were isolated by standard procedures and their ability to harbor growth of two virulent strains of mycobacterium avium, tmc724 and tmc7479, was assessed in the absence or presence of cytokines. both strains of mycobacteria, especially the m. avium tmc7479, grew progressively in untreated human monocytes. inclusion of certain macrophage-activating cytokines, such as interferon-gamma in the presence of indomethacin or 1.25(oh2)-vitamin d3 (calcitriol) led to significant reductions ... | 1991 | 1900241 |
| growth inhibition of mycobacterium avium complex in human alveolar macrophages by the combination of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma. | the reservoir of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) during human infection is the mononuclear phagocyte. in these studies, the ability of certain macrophage-active cytokines to affect mac growth in human alveolar macrophages was evaluated. neither recombinant interferon-gamma (2 x 10(2) to 10(3) u/well of 5 x 10(5) cells) nor recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (20 to 50 ng/well), when tested alone, exhibited a consistent ability to induce macrophage targets to inhibit the growth of ... | 1991 | 1900425 |
| tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulate human macrophages to restrict growth of virulent mycobacterium avium and to kill avirulent m. avium: killing effector mechanism depends on the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates. | an avirulent and a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium were selected on the basis of their growth patterns in human monocyte-derived macrophages. the virulent 7497 m. avium grew progressively in untreated macrophages, whereas the avirulent lr/149 m. avium was killed to a moderate extent by untreated human macrophages (50% of the original infectious inoculum killed 7 days after infection). we set out to investigate the possibility of modulating these growth patterns by cytokine treatment. appl ... | 1991 | 1900522 |
| modulation of mycobacterium avium growth in vivo by cytokines: involvement of tumour necrosis factor in resistance to atypical mycobacteria. | the protective mechanisms associated with resistance to atypical mycobacteria infections are not clear. in an effort to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms involved, susceptible mice were infected with a virulent strain of m. avium and various treatments were applied so as to modify the course of the disease. treatment with an antiserum against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) significantly enhanced the experimental infection, as judged by enumeration of colony-forming units (cfu ... | 1991 | 1900745 |
| bidirectional effects of cytokines on the growth of mycobacterium avium within human monocytes. | certain cytokines including ifn-gamma possess macrophage-activating factor activity that enhances the ability of these effector cells to destroy intracellular pathogens. a panel of recombinant and highly purified human cytokines was screened to detect this effect on the activation of human monocytes to kill mycobacterium avium in an in vitro model. peripheral blood monocytes obtained from 15 healthy donors were precultured for 2 days before infection. monocytes were infected with two strains of ... | 1991 | 1901893 |
| evidence that vesicles containing living, virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium in cultured human macrophages are not acidic. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium multiply in cultured human macrophages (mp) within membrane-enclosed vesicles. these vesicles are generally assumed to be acidic. the evidence most frequently cited for this assumption is that pyrazinamide, which requires an acid ph to be effective, is effective and streptomycin, which loses most of its activity at a low ph, is poorly effective against tubercle bacilli. this assumption was tested by using the two weak bases chloroquine and nh4cl ... | 1991 | 1902198 |
| evaluation of xp-1: a new medium to culture mycobacteria in smooth form. | | 1991 | 1903990 |
| interferon decreases the growth inhibition of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex by fresh human monocytes but not by culture-derived macrophages. | using a rapid radiolabel assay, monocytes derived from the peripheral blood of normal donors were found to kill 40%-92% of inoculated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac), an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in aids patients. however, bactericidal activity was significantly lower in 4-day culture-derived macrophages compared with matched monocyte cultures. the addition of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) to monocytes was found to inhibit the bactericidal activity of fresh monocytes. ... | 1991 | 1905332 |
| [normal rabbit sera. an immunologic and immunohistologic study]. | reported in this paper are results obtained from immunological and immunohistochemical studies into non-immune rabbit sera which were tested for various antimycobacterial antibodies. 11% of the sera were found to be positive by transmigration electrophoresis, while antibodies against mycobacteria were recorded from 94% of all rabbits by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap), an immunohistological technique of higher sensitivity. several owners had kept rabbits together with fowl, which was considered ... | 1991 | 1905568 |
| effect of mycobacteria on sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor. | unlike mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis is not found inside cells other than macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells in vivo, yet previous work has revealed that in vitro it readily enters all cell lines tested. moreover, these cells are not killed by the intracellular mycobacteria. we report here that when fibroblasts take up live (but not killed) m. tuberculosis h37rv, they develop greatly increased sensitivity to the toxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) whether the cel ... | 1991 | 1906841 |
| genotypic identification of pathogenic mycobacterium species by using a nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe. | commercial dna hybridization assays (syngene, inc., san diego, calif.) utilizing alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex (mac) were evaluated with 261 isolates of mycobacteria. on the basis of biochemical criteria, the test for mac was 98% specific and more sensitive (95 of 99, 95%) than gen-probe (88 of 99, 89% sensitivity); the major difference in sensitivity noted between the two systems was related ... | 1991 | 1907612 |
| association of hematuria and mycobacterial infection. | hematuria has been noted to be a presenting symptom of urinary tuberculosis. in the last few decades because of the decreasing incidence of tuberculosis in the united states, the association of tuberculosis and hematuria has been neglected. now that the incidence of tuberculosis is again on the rise, it is timely to remind the medical community of this association. we present 3 children with hematuria associated with positive tuberculin tests. mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the uri ... | 1991 | 1907885 |
| [study of detailed conditions in dna probe test by use of gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for identification of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]. | in order to improve feasibility of technical procedures in gen probe rapid diagnostic system (gen probe inc., san diego, ca, u.s.a.) for identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. tuberculosis complex (mtc), we studied several test conditions in the dna probe testing, such as stability of test bacterial suspension, optimal duration of bacterial cultivation, the number of organisms in test bacterial suspension required for accurate determination, and so on. with respect to concent ... | 1991 | 1908537 |
| mixed mycobacterial infection of cervical lymph nodes. | | 1991 | 1908571 |
| activities of pefloxacin and ofloxacin against mycobacteria: in vitro and mouse experiments. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of strains (mic90) of ofloxacin against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium xenopi was 2 mg/l. this was three dilutions lower than that of pefloxacin and was well within the range of drug concentrations achievable in man. the antituberculosis activities of both quinolones were independent of resistance of the strains to other antimycobacterial agents. mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was resistant to both compounds with mic90s greater than ... | 1991 | 1909062 |
| new insights into the immunopathology of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is characterised by fever, weight loss and necrosis in both lesions and tuberculin skin test sites (koch phenomenon), although the antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis are not directly toxic to the tissues. the tissue damage appears to be due to several interacting factors. first, m. tuberculosis induces an immunoregulatory disorder of which a raised percentage of agalactosyl igg is a marker. this is seen also in rheumatoid arthritis and crohn's disease and is associated with tiss ... | 1991 | 1909140 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for identification of mycobacteria from early cultures. | a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the identification of cultured mycobacteria belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the mycobacterium avium complex, and mycobacterium kansasii has been developed (r. schöningh, c. p. h. j. verstijnen, s. kuijper, and a. h. j. kolk. j. clin. microbiol. 28:708-713, 1990). the test for the routine identification of cultured mycobacteria was introduced in five clinical laboratories located in tanzania, thailand, vietnam, and the ne ... | 1991 | 1909344 |
| [identification of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by gen-probe rapid diagnostic system]. | dna probe testing for mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) was performed using gen-probe rapid diagnostic system (gen-probe inc., san diego, calif., u.s.a.). by dna probe test carried out blindfold for 48 mycobacterial strains with code numbers obtained from kyoto university (prof. f. kuze), 13, 7, and 5 strains were identified as to be m. avium, m. intracellulare, and mtc, respectively. the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of this ... | 1991 | 1909765 |
| preservation of monocyte effector functions against mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare in patients with aids. | mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare is a frequent cause of late disseminated infection in patients with aids. the ability of human peripheral blood monocytes to phagocytose and kill m. avium was examined in an in vitro model. monocytes were obtained from 13 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with aids, three of whom had documented disseminated m. avium infection. monocytes were precultured for 2 days before infection with two aids-associated and two non-aids-associated strains of m. avium. upt ... | 1991 | 1910011 |
| arthritis due to tuberculosis, fungal infections, and parasites. | tuberculous, fungal, and parasitic infections infect millions of people throughout the world. while other problems usually overshadow their rheumatologic manifestations, nearly all these infections can involve bone or joints and may on occasion present with rheumatologic symptoms. the classic model of these diseases presenting as chronic monoarticular arthritis is still generally valid but other presentations, such as tenosynovitis with atypical mycobacterial infections, erythema nodosum with le ... | 1991 | 1911057 |
| susceptibility to infection with mycobacterium avium is paradoxically correlated with increased synthesis of specific anti-bacterial antibodies. | a comparison was made between the levels of splenic and intestinal (peyer's patches and thin intestinal epithelium) ig production of c57bl/6 germ free and conventional c57bl/6, balb/c, dba/2 and c3h/he mice and the susceptibility to mycobacterium avium infection, evaluated by the number of bacterial colony-forming units (cfu) found in the liver and in the spleen of the animals. mice received an i.p. injection of either 5 x 10(6), 10(7) or 10(8) bacteria, or were given the larger inoculum intraga ... | 1991 | 1911533 |
| recombinant interleukin-6 increases the intracellular and extracellular growth of mycobacterium avium. | human monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal donors and allowed to differentiate in vitro into macrophages. the susceptibility of these cells to infection with a virulent mycobacterium avium and its modulation by some soluble factors was monitored. the virulent strain of mycobacterium avium grew progressively in untreated macrophage monolayers. interleukin-6 (il-6) was tested for its ability to modulate the macrophage-mycobacteria interaction. surprisingly, il-6 was shown to ... | 1991 | 1913352 |
| infection of "nonprofessional phagocytes" with mycobacterium avium complex. | organisms belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex are the most common bacteria isolated from patients with aids. in these patients, m. avium is associated with disseminated disease, and bacteria are found within macrophages in the liver and spleen. to examine the potential of m. avium infection of a nonprofessional phagocyte, the murine fibroblast cell line (l929 cells) are infected with strain 101 (serotype 1) of m. avium. the duplication time for the intracellular bacteria was approximate ... | 1991 | 1914258 |
| dosage of antimycobacterial agents. | | 1991 | 1914427 |
| antigens of the mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare complex. | in the past decade, the clinical significance of the mycobacterium avium, myobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) has increased dramatically primarily because of the association between the mac and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). recent hospital reports have suggested that about one-half of aids patients in the united states are infected with the mac. the resulting myobacteremia is a primary cause of mortality in 5-10% of these patients. this increased clinical importance of the ... | 1991 | 1915784 |
| reactivity of fungal organisms in tissue sections using anti-mycobacteria antibodies. | sixty-four cases of deep fungal infections diagnosed using pas or silver stains and 18 control cases of sarcoidosis, m. tuberculosis and m. leprae infection were stained using commercial polyclonal antibody raised against m. paratuberculosis (mp), m. duvalii (md), and bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). nine of 13 cases of sporotrichosis stained positively using anti-mp antibody only; 13 of 14 cases of histoplasmosis stained with anti-bcg, anti-md, and anti-mp; seven cases of cryptococcosis had only ... | 1991 | 1918507 |
| siderophilic bodies associated with hemosiderosis and atypical mycobacterial infection in an island siamang (hylobates syndactylus). | laminated iron concretions were noted in the liver of an aged siamang (hylobates syndactylus) that had granulomatous enteritis and hepatitis due to mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection. preexisting hepatic siderosis, iron sequestration in macrophages, and compromised macrophage function due to mycobacterial infection are proposed as the basis for the abundance and size of the concretions. similar siderophilic bodies and concomitant siderosis occurred in other siamangs. the concretions ar ... | 1991 | 1920383 |
| [enzymatic profile of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare]. | the characterization of extracellular enzymatic activities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare which were identified by dna probe (gen-probe, cal., usa) was carried out using the api zym system (api, la balme les grottes, france). the enzymatic activities of m. avium were attributed to esterase (c4), esterase lipase (c8), leucin arylamidase, acid phosphatase and phosphoamidase. enzymatic characterization of m. intracellulare was very similar to that of m. avium. however, m. i ... | 1991 | 1921096 |
| case report 687. disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare osteomyelitis. | we present a patient with disseminated mai osteomyelitis with no evidence of underlying disease or immune failure. disseminated mai is rare in the immunocompetent host and closely simulates malignant disease. delayed cultures are required for precise diagnosis and optimal treatment. | 1991 | 1925681 |
| serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay responses of calves vaccinated with a killed mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine. | the purpose of this study was to document the effect of calfhood vaccination for mycobacterium paratuberculosis on a serologic elisa. fifteen calves vaccinated with a killed paratuberculosis vaccine and 5 unvaccinated control calves were tested from the first through the fifteenth month of life. age of vaccination ranged from 5 to 40 days. blood samples were collected prior to vaccination and periodically thereafter. serum antibody was analyzed by use of the elisa. all calves were elisa-negative ... | 1991 | 1928899 |
| pectus excavatum and scoliosis. thoracic anomalies associated with pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | we studied the frequency of pectus excavatum or otherwise abnormally narrowed anterior-posterior thoracic dimension and of thoracic scoliosis among consecutive series of 67 patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex and 55 patients with pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis. among those with m. avium, pectus excavatum and abnormal narrowing was present in 27% and scoliosis was seen in 52%; overall, 47 of the 67 (70%) had one or both of these anomalies. by comparison, of th ... | 1991 | 1928970 |
| [mycobacterium avium/intracellulare complex mediastinal lymphadenopathy excluding hiv infection]. | | 1991 | 1929060 |
| effects of antimicrobial agents on survival of mycobacterium avium complex inside alveolar macrophages obtained from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | measurements of the activities of antimicrobial agents against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) usually do not take into consideration the intracellular location of the organism. a recent study using mouse macrophage continuous cell line j774 (d. m. yajko, p.s. nassos, c. a. sanders, and w. k. hadley, am. rev. respir. dis. 140: 1198-1203, 1989) showed that certain combinations of antimicrobial agents are able to kill mac inside macrophages and suggested that the j774 cell line could be used ... | 1991 | 1929335 |
| chronic arthritis due to mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1991 | 1930325 |
| 99mtc-human immunoglobulin (hig) in aids patients: first results. | scintigraphy with 99mtc labelled human polyclonal immunoglobulin was performed in 16 patients with ascertained or suspected aids-related infections. 99mtc-hig lung scanning was compared, in 11 patients, with 67ga scintigraphy, chest x-ray and high resolution lung ct. 67ga and 99mtc-hig were concordantly positive in five cases of bal-ascertained pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), while one of them was rx and ct negative. x-ray, 67ga and 99mtc were concordantly negative in 5 cases. 99mtc-hig yi ... | 1991 | 1932171 |
| diagnostic significance of apparent abnormal bowel activity on ga-67 scans in aids patients. | twenty-one ga-67 studies on 19 aids patients were analyzed to investigate the relationship between clinically acute gastrointestinal disease and abnormal scintigraphic bowel activity. whole body images were obtained at times ranging from 4 to 192 hours, with most exams imaged at 48 and 72 hours. abnormal bowel activity was observed in eight of 21 exams. patients experienced acute gi disease during seven studies. gallium scan results and clinical presentation agreed in 14 cases; both were abnorma ... | 1991 | 1934789 |
| intramacrophagic mycobacterium avium bacilli are coated by a multiple lamellar structure: freeze fracture analysis of infected mouse liver. | we used freeze fracture electron microscopy to study the fine structure of mycobacterium avium inside phagosomes of murine macrophages. m. avium-susceptible c57bl/6 mice were infected with m. avium by intraperitoneal inoculation of 10(8) viable bacilli. we studied the microanatomy of the mycobacteria in 3-month infections of mice, a situation in which bacillary multiplication is extensive. in these samples, freeze fracture revealed that intraphagosomal bacilli were surrounded by a multilamellar ... | 1991 | 1937749 |
| isolation and expression of a gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of the glycopeptidolipid antigens of mycobacterium avium. | bacteria within the mycobacterium avium complex are prominent in the environment and are a source of serious disseminated infections in patients with aids. serovars of the m. avium complex are distinguished from all other mycobacteria and from one another by the presence of highly antigenic glycolipids, the glycopeptidolipids, on their surfaces. a genomic library of dna from serovar 2 of the m. avium complex was constructed in the escherichia coli-mycobacterium shuttle cosmid, pyub18, and used t ... | 1991 | 1938900 |
| survival of human macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium intracellulare correlates with increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and il-6. | the long term survival of peripheral blood derived human macrophages (m phi) from normal, healthy donors after infection with mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) correlates with the increased induction of tnf-alpha and il-6 mrna and protein by the infected m phi. this conclusion is based on the following observations: m phi from approximately 30% of the blood donors in our study die 3 to 4 days after inoculation (mai-growth nonsupportive (ns], whereas m phi from the other donors survive ino ... | 1991 | 1940376 |
| progressive disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex after intravenous and oral challenge in cyclosporine-treated rats. | male sprague-dawley rats, immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (csa), developed disseminated infection after intravenous or oral challenge with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). disseminated infection leading to bacillemia could be established after intravenous inoculation with as few as 5 x 10(3) organisms. when csa was not given or when csa was stopped 1 month after infection, animals cleared the bacilli from blood and tissue. animals developed disseminated infection after oral challenge with a ... | 1991 | 1940470 |
| mycobacterial disease in aids. | an increase in tuberculosis cases in the united states has been partially linked to the large number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other opportunistic infections and include cough, low-grade fever, and weight loss. in patients with early human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, radiographic findings resemble those seen in patients with reactivation tuberculosis. in patients with advanced hiv infection, chest radiographs typ ... | 1991 | 1942194 |
| [reactivities of various mycobacteria species against dna probes (gen-probe rapid diagnostic system) specific to mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare]. | various mycobacterial species (22 species, 178 strains) were studied for their reactivity to dna probe specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), m. avium or m. intracellulare, using gen-probe rapid diagnostic system (gen-probe inc., san diego, calif., u.s.a.). all the mtc strains, including m. tuberculosis, m. africanum, m. bovis and m. microti reacted with mtc-dna probe at the % hybridization value of 42.8-51.9% (values higher than 10% are regarded as positive), but their reactivit ... | 1991 | 1942722 |
| inhibition of glycopeptidolipid synthesis resulting from treatment of mycobacterium avium with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. | exponentially growing cultures of mycobacterium avium complex serovar 4 were treated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-ddg) and incubated with radiolabelled components which incorporate into the serovar-specific glycopeptidolipids (gpl) associated with the l1 layer. following treatment with the drug, radiolabelled lipids were extracted from the mycobacteria and examined by thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and autoradiography to determine the percent distribution of radio ... | 1991 | 1947432 |
| paraspinous abscess with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in a patient without aids. | this paper reports the case of a young woman with sle whose paraspinous abscess due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was metastatic to the breast. surgical drainage and 18 months of treatment with rifampin, cycloserine, ethambutol, and streptomycin failed to eradicate the infection. this case illustrates that mai infection can occur in patients not usually considered to be immunosuppressed and may be difficult to treat. | 1991 | 1948230 |
| comparison of different media for the isolation of small ruminant strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | two different egg based media, with and without the incorporation of sodium pyruvate, were used to isolate m. paratuberculosis from sheep, goat and cattle samples obtained at our laboratory for two years. both media were adequate for bovine material, with a slightly improved isolation rate for herrold's egg yolk medium incorporating sodium pyruvate; however, most of the small ruminant strains grew only on löwenstein-jensen medium without sodium pyruvate. those results point out the need to use d ... | 1991 | 1949552 |
| spontaneous murine thymocyte comitogenic activity consistent with interleukin-1 in cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the production of comitogenic activity consistent with interleukin-1 (il-1) activity by blood monocytes from cattle with naturally acquired paratuberculosis was examined by murine thymocyte proliferation. in addition, il-1-like activity in response to homologous and heterologous antigens was determined. activity was determined in nine cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis and six non-infected cattle. comitogenic properties were measured in response to m. paratuberculosis ... | 1991 | 1949571 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | extrapulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii is an uncommon event in which the skin may be affected rarely. all cases heretofore described in immunocompromised hosts have involved the external auditory canal and mastoid areas. we describe two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and extrapulmonary cutaneous p carinii infection that involved the glabrous skin. the first was a 31-year-old white man seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus with prior episodes of p carinii pne ... | 1991 | 1952976 |
| surgical management of resistant mycobacterial tuberculosis and other mycobacterial pulmonary infections. | between august 1983 and october 1990, 42 patients with resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis underwent 44 pulmonary resections. during the same time, 38 patients with mycobacterial infections other than tuberculosis had 41 pulmonary resections. all patients either were poor candidates for medical therapy alone or had existing complications requiring surgical intervention. there was one operative death in each group, both from adult respiratory distress syndrome (postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema) ... | 1991 | 1953131 |
| comparison of the johne's absorbed eia and the complement-fixation test for the diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle. | a commercially available absorbed elisa for the diagnosis of johne's disease (jd) (paratuberculosis) in cattle, the johne's absorbed eia, was compared with the conventional complement-fixation test (cft) used in australia. stored plasma from 3 victorian dairy herds with a history of jd, sera from specimens submitted from animals showing clinical signs of jd and sera from the us national repository for paratuberculosis specimens were used to determine the sensitivity of each test. the eia detecte ... | 1991 | 1953547 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids patients. | | 1991 | 1957137 |
| [neuropathologic study of 135 adult cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | the central nervous system was examined in 135 adult aids patients who died between august 1982 and december 1990. twenty two brains showed non-diagnostic changes including microglial nodules, discrete myelin pallor with reactive astrocytosis, mineralization of blood vessels and granular ependymitis. in 105 brains with specific changes, toxoplasmosis was the most frequent finding (55 cases) manifested by multifocal necrotic lesions or diffuse pseudo-encephalitic process. other opportunists inclu ... | 1991 | 1958258 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare (mai) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to both increased illness and death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. early reports of treatment of mai were disappointing but recent studies have shown that combination antimycobacterial therapy may provide symptomatic relief and an improvement in mycobacteraemia. | 1991 | 1958928 |
| diagnosis of mediastinal mycobacterial lymphadenopathy by transbronchial needle aspiration. | a 35-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) presented with a multitude of constitutional symptoms, fever, and marked intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. results of initial diagnostic examination were unrevealing, and bronchoscopy with fine-gauge flexible transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) of subcarinal lymph nodes was performed. two aspirates were obtained, one for cytologic study and the other for acid-fast smear. despite obtaining acid-fast smears from numerous sites, ... | 1991 | 1959421 |
| chemotherapeutic potential of free and liposome encapsulated streptomycin against experimental mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice. | we investigated in two experiments the chemotherapeutic role of streptomycin on the progression of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in beige mice. in the first experiment, streptomycin 100 mg/kg given intramuscularly (im) five days a week for four weeks caused a significant reduction of the colony forming unit (cfu) counts of mac from spleen, lungs and liver. in the same experiment, streptomycin, given in an encapsulated form in multilamellar liposomes at 15 mg/kg in two intravenous (iv ... | 1991 | 1960123 |
| [studies on epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis--on the regional difference of the incidence of pulmonary diseases due to m. kansasii and m. avium complex in tokyo area]. | on 397 patients with pulmonary disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) [102 due to m. kansasii (mk) and 295 due to m. avium complex (mac)] observed at national tokyo chest hospital, 191 patients with pulmonary disease (59 due to mk and 132 due to mac) observed at fukujuji hospital of antituberculosis association and 257 patients from whose sputum mk (36) or mac (221) were isolated in byotai-seiri clinical laboratory, the distribution of these patients by domicile in tokyo area was analy ... | 1991 | 1960915 |
| [antimycobacterial activities of rifamycin derivatives]. | the standard initial chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic activity of which depends mostly on the two potent bactericidal drugs, inh and rfp, has made a remarkable progress in the treatment of tuberculosis. however, certain difficult situations still remain in the treatment of resistant diseases, mostly in retreatment cases especially resistant to inh and/or rfp, and of the patients who are not able to continue the standard regimens because of side effects and/or severe complications with various orga ... | 1991 | 1960916 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis. | | 1990 | 1968611 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex by restriction polymorphism of the rrna gene region. | nineteen mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, including strains of bovine, caprine, ovine, cervid, subhuman primate, and human origins, were compared with organisms of the m. avium complex by restriction fragment length polymorphism with a 5s rrna gene probe as the reference dna. mycobacterial dna was extracted, digested with several restriction enzymes, subjected to electrophoresis and southern blotting, and then hybridized with a 5s rrna gene probe from escherichia coli. hybridizing bands w ... | 1990 | 1969866 |
| effect of stress-related hormones on macrophage receptors and response to tumor necrosis factor. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has been implicated in the early metabolic events following acute tissue injury or sepsis; it increases blood levels of glucocorticoids and glucagon or the cellular responses to the hormones. to examine whether stress-related hormones have any effect on macrophage activation by tnf, human monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to somatostatin (s), acth, angiotensin (an), insulin (i), epinephrine (e), and glucagon (g) at physiologic concentrations. 125i-tnf binding ... | 1990 | 1971032 |
| aids-related infections. | | 1990 | 1974084 |
| hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to aids. infection with mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated inf ... | 1991 | 1986533 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial rheumatism--fact or fiction? | | 1991 | 1986586 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens from aids and non-aids patients in a san francisco hospital. | over the past several years there has been a large increase in the recovery of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates from respiratory specimens submitted to the clinical laboratory at san francisco general hospital (sfgh). this increase in mac recovery correlates with an increase in the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the community. although it is well known that mac is often isolated from patients with aids, the isolation of mac from respiratory specimens is ... | 1991 | 1986686 |
| aids enteropathy: occult enteric infections and duodenal mucosal alterations in chronic diarrhea. | to investigate occult enteric infections and morphologic changes in the small intestine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and chronic diarrhea of undefined cause. | 1991 | 1992878 |
| host and bacterial factors control the mycobacterium avium-induced chronic peritoneal granulocytosis in mice. | persistent peritoneal granulocytosis and elevated macrophage counts have been found in nine mouse strains from 8 to 90 days after infection with mycobacterium avium. peritoneal granulocytosis was higher in m. avium-resistant balb/c. bcgr (c.d2) mice, compared with congenic m. avium-susceptible balb/c (bcgs) animals. although maximal granulocytosis values were not related to virulence of the inocula, the kinetics of the granulocytic response varied with the virulence of m. avium. following infect ... | 1991 | 1993357 |
| diagnosis of disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from sputum specimens in association with the appearance of a new cavitary (or infiltrative) lesion was studied in 299 patients from whom the organism was isolated one or more times. of the patients studied, 114 showed only single isolation. of these 114, only two patients (2 percent) had association with appearance of a cavitary lesion. of 29 patients who showed two isolations, 26 (90 percent) had the association. of 40 patients who showed three isolatio ... | 1991 | 1995223 |
| successful treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related mycobacterium avium complex disease with a multiple drug regimen including amikacin. | disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) typically occurs late in the course of aids and is usually disseminated with evidence of multiorgan involvement. most patients are persistently bacteremic. previously published studies have noted a poor response to antimycobacterial chemotherapy. we describe successful treatment of mac disease in an aids patient with a multiple drug regimen, including amikacin, clofazimine, rifampin, e ... | 1991 | 2001140 |
| mycobacterial disease associated with hiv infection. | mycobacterial disease is a major part of the spectrum of opportunistic infections (ois) associated with hiv infection. mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) and mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most common mycobacterial pathogens afflicting hiv-positive patients. infection with mai tends to be an oi of advanced aids, and the results of treatment are frequently unsatisfactory. m. tuberculosis tends to attack patients much earlier in the course of their hiv disease, responds to standard treat ... | 1991 | 2005473 |
| controversies in the management of hiv-related illnesses. | the care of patients who have hiv infection requires technical competence, skill in clinical decision making, a commitment to continuing self-education, the ability to collaborate with medical and community-based service providers, and attention to the psychological and ethical aspects of patient care. general internists bring these attributes to their work and will be increasingly involved in meeting the challenges presented by the aids epidemic. controversial issues in the management of hiv il ... | 1991 | 2005478 |
| mycobacterial avium-intracellulare infection of a renal allograft. | | 1991 | 2007298 |
| multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the mycobacterium avium complex and other mycobacteria. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis was used to evaluate the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. paratuberculosis, and nine other mycobacterial species. the average number of alleles per locus was 2.8 for the 35 mac and 2 m. paratuberculosis strains which represented 24 electrophoretic types (ets) and two distinct groups. the m. avium group was resolved into 17 ets and contained the m. paratuberculosis et. the m. intracellulare group consisted of six ets. there was complete agreement be ... | 1991 | 2007633 |
| endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. | two cases of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) infection in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are presented to highlight the distinctive upper gastrointestinal endoscopic appearances: 2 x 4 mm diameter, white nodules with intervening erythema and hemorrhagic erosions covered the mucosa of the second part of the duodenum. histological evaluation of these nodules revealed diffuse expansion of the lamina propria by macrophages that contained numerous intracellular an ... | 1991 | 2007738 |
| mycobacterial proliferation in macrophages is prevented by incubation with lymphocytes activated in vitro with a mycobacterial antigen complex. | antigen a60 from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin was shown to trigger both humoral and cellular immune reactions. we explored the ability of a60 to block intracellular proliferation of phagocytosed mycobacteria with a model system involving peritoneal murine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium. mixed lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice inoculated with a60 hindered intracellular proliferation of this mycobacterium, owing to a60-specific cells, proliferation of which was in ... | 1991 | 2009916 |
| [disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection revealed by hepatomegaly and cholestasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | | 1991 | 2010082 |
| in vivo modulation of atypical mycobacterial infection: adjuvant therapy increases resistance to mycobacterium avium by enhancing macrophage effector functions. | susceptible balb/c mice were infected iv with a strain of mycobacterium avium and infused with different biological response modifiers (brm) in a gel delivery system so as to modify the progression of the infection in a beneficial fashion. infusion of il-2 or il-4 in hydrophobic gels led to no significant enhancement of resistance. infusion of muramyl dipeptide in hypromellose led to a significant enhancement of resistance against the m. avium, as seen by a significant reduction of colony-formin ... | 1991 | 2013106 |
| [a comparative study of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare identified by a newly developed dna probe (gen-probe]. | by using dna probe, cases due to m. avium complex in japan were grouped into those m. avium and m. intracellulare and their clinical patients were compared by multifactorial analysis. a total of 179 cases was studied (103 due to m. avium and 76 due to m. intracellulare). m. avium cases were found more commonly around tokyo and north, whereas m. intracellulare cases were seen more frequently in the western part of japan. background factors (sex, age, past history, complications, bacterial status, ... | 1991 | 2013966 |
| [post pneumonectomy empyema with bronchopleural fistula--a successful management using pedicled intercostal muscle flap on an atypical mycobacteriosis following the irradiation]. | a 48-year-old woman underwent a right pneumonectomy for advanced mycobacterial disease (m. avium complex), which followed the postoperative radiotherapy against a malignant schwannoma of the right lower chest wall treated seven years ago. on the 13th postoperative day, re-suture of the bronchial stump was performed urgently because of early bronchopleural fistula development. on the heels of that, reclosure of the bronchial fistula with coverage of the stump by parietal pleural flap was performe ... | 1991 | 2013967 |
| [in vivo activities of new rifamycin derivatives against mycobacteria]. | therapeutic effects of new rifamycin derivatives, 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-alkylpiperazinyl) benzoxazinorifamycins, krm 1648, 1657, 1668, 1674 and 2312 (kindly supplied by kanegafuchi chem. ind. co. japan), were evaluated on experimental tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice. i. experimental tuberculosis in mice male ddy mice were inoculated via tail vein with ca. 1 x 10(9) cfu of m. tuberculosis h37rv suspended in 0.2 ml medium. treatment of the mice with the new rifamycin deri ... | 1991 | 2013969 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1991 | 2017230 |
| abortion and granulomatous colitis due to mycobacterium avium complex infection in a horse. | | 1991 | 2017833 |
| recombinant murine beta interferon enhances resistance of mice to systemic mycobacterium avium infection. | susceptible balb/c mice were infected with mycobacterium avium tmc 702. groups of mice were then infused with 10(4) u (approximately 400 u/h) of murine beta interferon (ifn-beta) via a minipump system, and the progression of the infection was assessed. mice infused with ifn-beta showed superior resistance to infection, as determined by reduced bacterial growth in the livers and spleens of infected animals, (1-log reduction in bacterial cfu at 2 months postinfection; p less than 0.001). this was ... | 1991 | 2019446 |
| plasmid analysis of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) isolated in the united kingdom from patients with and without aids. | one hundred and forty-seven isolates (128 strains) of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) were screened by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of plasmids. plasmids were characterised according to size and by southern hybridisation analysis of intact and restriction endonuclease-digested dna. two cloned mai plasmids, plr7 and plr20, were used as probes. there was no significant difference in the rate of plasmid carriage in mai strains isolated from patients with the acquired immuno ... | 1991 | 2020017 |
| [mycobacteriosis in the hermit ibis (geronticus eremita)]. | the present paper reports on a case of mycobacteriosis in a colony of hermit-ibises, in which a so far unknown serovar of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare has been isolated. the serologic findings in the birds disagree with those of the isolate, a fact that has been mentioned in the literature several times. the hematological and clinical-chemical parameters can hardly be interpreted without knowledge of normal values. however, the high numbers of eosinophiles in the differential smears are st ... | 1991 | 2025217 |
| a chronic gastric ulcer refractory to conventional antiulcer therapy associated with localized gastric mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection. | | 1991 | 2028971 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare induces interleukin-6 from human monocytes and large granular lymphocytes. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, whose immune systems are severely compromised. however, normal responses to this bacterium are apparently sufficient to prevent disseminated infection because disease is rarely found unless an immunocompromised state is present. because interleukin-6 (il-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a multitude of activities, we investigated the potential of mai to induce il ... | 1991 | 2029580 |