| enterococcal bacteraemia: a prospective study of 125 episodes. | one hundred and twenty-five episodes of enterococcal bacteraemia occurring over a 50-month period were studied prospectively. enterococcus faecium was the commonest species, accounting for 76 (59.8%) of the 127 isolates. overall, 33.1% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin and one isolate (0.8%) to vancomycin; high-level gentamicin resistance was detected in 4.3% of 93 isolates tested. the percentage of nosocomial episodes was 70.4, and 95.2% of the patients had significant underlying illness ... | 1994 | 7963458 |
| nosocomial infection due to enterococci attributed to a fluidized microsphere bed. the value of pyrolysis mass spectrometry. | the potential of fluidised microsphere beds as sources of nosocomial enterococcal infection was investigated with the help of pyrolysis mass spectrometry. isolates from clinical specimens collected from two patients who were nursed sequentially on a fluidized microsphere bed were compared with similar isolates cultured from the microspheres before and after decontamination. pyrolysis mass spectrometry confirmed that nosocomial spread had indeed occurred and that the existing decontamination proc ... | 1994 | 7963459 |
| activity of clinafloxacin against multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium. | enterococci resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, and/or aminoglycosides are a growing clinical problem. we studied the in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone clinafloxacin (pd 127,391) against 15 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium. in kill-kinetic studies, clinafloxacin (1 microgram/ml) was bactericidal against 7 of 12 susceptible isolates, although substantial regrowth occurred in 4 isolates at 48 h. the addition of ampicillin (20 micrograms/ml) resulted in bact ... | 1994 | 7979306 |
| colonization pattern of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium is increasingly recognized as a serious problem by hospital epidemiologists. understanding its colonization patterns may help in designing strategies to control its nosocomial spread in the hospital. | 1994 | 7985818 |
| the effect of some antibiotics on enterococcus faecium sf 68 inoculated in germ-free mice. | a strain of enterococcus faecium sf 68 (sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline, virginiamicin and tylosin, but resistant to streptomycin) was administered to five groups of germ-free mice. each group was subsequently given 40 micrograms/ml and then 80 micrograms/ml of a single antibiotic. the following determinations were made: a) colonization of the bacterial strain before and after administration of the antibiotic and b) the mics in the original strain and after administration of the antibiotic ... | 1994 | 7987613 |
| differential susceptibilities of enterococcal species to elfamycin antibiotics. | the elfamycins are a class of naturally occurring antibiotics not currently used in the therapy of human disease. enterococcus faecium and closely related species (enterococcus durans and enterococcus hirae) are susceptible to these antibiotics, while isolates of enterococcus faecalis and other enterococcal species are highly resistant. among enterococci, susceptibility or resistance to elfamycins appears to be determined by the bacterial protein synthesis elongation factor ef-tu. elfamycin susc ... | 1994 | 7989561 |
| a novel strictly anaerobic recovery and enrichment system incorporating lithium for detection of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk containing background microflora. | heat-injured cells of listeria monocytogenes were recovered from heated raw milk containing noninjured enterococcus faecium by combining a simple method for obtaining strict anaerobiosis with a novel enrichment broth, penn state university broth (psu broth). strictly anaerobic conditions were rapidly achieved by adding 0.5 g of filter-sterilized cysteine per liter to psu broth and then purging the preparation with n2 gas. little resuscitation or growth occurred in strictly anaerobic psu broth wi ... | 1994 | 7993088 |
| is6770, an enterococcal insertion-like sequence useful for determining the clonal relationship of clinical enterococcal isolates. | enterococci expressing resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. effective strategies to prevent or abort outbreaks of resistant enterococcal infection will rely on an accurate understanding of the mechanisms by which these organisms spread. a 1065-bp insertion-like sequence (is6770) is present in varying copy numbers in > 90% of enterococcal strains thus far examined. hybridization patterns resulting from hybridization of enterococcal genomic dna with a ... | 1994 | 7995994 |
| activities and regulation of the enzymes involved in the first and the third steps of the aspartate biosynthetic pathway in enterococcus faecium. | the enzymes aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase catalyze the reaction at key branching points in the aspartate pathway of amino acid biosynthesis. enterococcus faecium has been found to contain two distinct aspartokinases and a single homoserine dehydrogenase. aspartokinase isozymes eluted on gel filtration chromatography at molecular weights greater than 250,000 and about 125,000. the molecular weight of homoserine dehydrogenase was determined to be 220,000. one aspartokinase isozyme was ... | 1994 | 8002714 |
| microbiological evaluation of jejunal aspirates and faecal samples after oral administration of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. | a double-blind placebo controlled investigation was carried out to study the effect of peroral colonization. human volunteers were given mixtures of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. measurements were made over a 1 week treatment period and for another week after the end of the treatment. two different bacteriological preparations were used, one consisted of enterococcus faecium and bifidobacterium longum (a total of 6.4 x 10(8) cfu d-1); the other consisted of lactobacillus acidophilus, ... | 1994 | 8005834 |
| [enterococcus faecium obtained from surveillance cultures of the stool of the patients with hematological malignancies]. | surveillance cultures of the stool were obtained from 55 patients with hematological malignancies, who have been receiving norfloxacin or tosufloxacin during their neutropenic periods, from may, 1991 to september, 1992. cultures were performed using 5% blood agar with piperacillin 300 micrograms/ml and amikacin 20 micrograms/ml and bacteria resistant to these antibiotics were analyzed further. thirty-four over 55 patients were positive for enterococci and 22 strains of 23 examined were enterococ ... | 1994 | 8027596 |
| synergy and resistance to synergy between beta-lactam antibiotics and glycopeptides against glycopeptide-resistant strains of enterococcus faecium. | a synergistic effect between vancomycin or teicoplanin and different beta-lactam antibiotics was found for two strains of enterococcus faecium, efm4 and efm11, expressing resistance to glycopeptides and belonging to the vana class. the mics of penicillin for these two strains were 16 and 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. by using a penicillin-binding protein (pbp) competition assay, it was shown that the affinities of pbps for different beta-lactam antibiotics and the mics of these antibiotics ob ... | 1994 | 8031053 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria from nursing home residents in oklahoma. | in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities for 2,832 isolates from nursing home patients in oklahoma (1992) were compiled retrospectively. an appreciable proportion of antimicrobial resistance was detected for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin among gram-negative bacilli. of 301 staphylococcus aureus isolates tested, 70% were resistant to methicillin and 72% resistant to ciprofloxacin. vancomycin resistance occurred in 22% of enterococcus faecium isolates. these findings h ... | 1994 | 8034204 |
| endocarditis due to high level gentamicin resistant enterococcus faecium. | we describe the first reported case in the literature of bacterial endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecium that was highly resistant to gentamicin. the case is unusual in that it followed a successfully treated streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. the micro-organism was susceptible only to the glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin and to agents such as pristinamycin and daptomycin which are not routinely available for treatment. it illustrates the therapeutic dilemma posed by s ... | 1994 | 8034999 |
| vana-mediated vancomycin-resistant enterococcus spp. in sewage. | three high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus strains (two enterococcus faecium and one enterococcus durans) were recovered from three of eight sewage samples taken from the general sewage collector at logroño (northern spain). the strains were present in the sewage samples at estimated concentrations of ten resistant bacteria/ml, corresponding to about 0.4% of the enterococcal population. the vana protein was detected in each strain by immunoblotting of membrane extracts of the vancomycin- ... | 1994 | 8040119 |
| antilisterial activity by enterococci in a model predicting the temperature evolution of taleggio, an italian soft cheese. | enterococcus ssp. produced broad-spectrum bacteriocins, which were active against listeria innocua and listeria monocytogenes. inhibition of l. innocua in milk by different starter cultures was evaluated. milk was inoculated with a conventional starter (streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus mixed cultures) as a sole starter or in combination with inhibitory starter cultures (enterococcus ssp., bacteriocin-producing strains). tests were performed ... | 1994 | 8046062 |
| outbreak of multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium with transferable vanb class vancomycin resistance. | enterococcus faecium strains resistant to ampicillin, high levels of gentamicin, and vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin (vanb class vancomycin resistance) were recovered from 37 patients during an outbreak involving a 250-bed university-affiliated hospital. three isolates with vancomycin mics ranging from 8 to 256 micrograms/ml all hybridized with a vanb probe. restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal and plasmid dna suggested that all isolates tested were derived from a single cl ... | 1994 | 8051238 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: an emerging nosocomial pathogen and its implications for the operating room setting. | enterococci, an emerging group of nosocomial pathogens with high-level resistance to various antibiotics, will demand effective, conscientious, and continuous use of universal precautions to combat their pernicious threat. effective universal precautions/body substance isolation infection control precautions and methodologies and innovative medical and surgical procedures will play a significant role in containing these highly infectious pathogens. | 1993 | 8054953 |
| differences in the sensitivity to eight disinfectants of listeria monocytogenes strains as related to their origin (short note). | the efficacy of eight commercialized disinfectants proposed by several manufacturers was evaluated using the french standard in the presence of organic matter and against listeria monocytogenes and l. innocua strains isolated in a dairy plant, against other listeria strains of various origin and reference strains of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecium. products containing quaternary ammonium plus peroxide or amine were shown to be efficient at the concentrations recommended by the man ... | 1994 | 8060796 |
| enteric eradication of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium with oral bacitracin. | the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) has produced a therapeutic dilemma. the colonization of the intestinal tract with vref may predispose patients to infections by this organism and may contribute to its nosocomial spread. it is reasonable to attempt to eradicate vref from colonized patients. the optimal regimen, however, is unknown and this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of oral regimens of vancomycin and bacitracin for the elimination of vref from the ... | 1994 | 8062527 |
| [the etiological role of enterococci in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. | the role of enterococci in the development of chronic obstructive bronchitis was determined. enterococcus faecalis, subspecies zymogens and liquefaciens, were found to be the etiological factors of chronic obstructive bronchitis both as the primary cause of the disease and, probably, the cause of secondary hospital infection. enterococci isolated from patients had some signs of pathogenicity, their characteristic feature being multiple drug resistance. chronic obstructive bronchitis caused by th ... | 1993 | 8067086 |
| in vitro activities of two glycylcyclines. | the in vitro activities of two glycylcyclines, cl 329,998 and cl 331,002 (two new semisynthetic tetracyclines), were evaluated in comparison with those of tetracycline and other available oral antimicrobial agents. a total of 523 recent clinical isolates were studied, including strains resistant to tetracycline. members of the family enterobacteriaceae were generally > or = 16-fold more susceptible to the glycylcyclines than to tetracycline (although less difference was seen with proteus spp.). ... | 1994 | 8067744 |
| transferability and genetic relatedness of high-level gentamicin resistance among enterococci. | gentamicin resistance in six enterococcal species was investigated. transfer of resistance was observed for the donors e. faecium uc 79, e. avium cc 54, and e. gallinarum b 51, but not for e. raffinosus uc 78 or e. casseliflavus uc 73. except for e. casseliflavus uc 73, homology was observed between the e. faecalis aac6'-aph2" gene and dna from other species. whereas 2.6-kb hindiii fragments encoded resistance in e. faecalis uc 244, its transconjugant, and e. raffinosus uc 78, 3.4-kb fragments e ... | 1994 | 8067764 |
| post-antibiotic effect of fk-037 and biapenem tested against five bacterial species. | the in-vitro post-antibiotic effect (pae) was determined for two newer beta-lactams, fk-037 (a cephalosporin) and biapenem (a carbapenem). our pae results for these drugs were consistent with what has been reported previously for similar beta-lactams, e.g. gram-positive organisms had measurable effects (0.4-2.2 hours), while gram-negatives had variable results (0.0 to 1.4 hours). even though the pae test conditions generally coincided with achievable clinical levels for most organisms tested (< ... | 1994 | 8071670 |
| clinical and molecular epidemiology of enterococcal bacteremia in a pediatric teaching hospital. | an apparent increase in the incidence of enterococcal bacteremias from 7 to 48/1000 bacteremias during 1986 to 1991 (p < 0.01) prompted this descriptive clinical and molecular epidemiologic study of 83 episodes occurring in 80 children between 1986 and 1992. most community-acquired cases were in infants, in comparison with nosocomial episodes (24/26 and 34/57; p < 0.01); many of them were neonates (10/26 and 6/57; p < 0.01). nosocomial cases were associated with underlying conditions including m ... | 1994 | 8071746 |
| [the role of enterococcus sf 68 in the prevention and treatment of infectious and antibiotic-related gastroenteritis]. | | 1994 | 8073216 |
| special organism isolation: attempting to bridge the gap. | | 1994 | 8077647 |
| infections by ampicillin-resistant enterococci: a case-control study. | we identified 17 (20%) of 83 consecutive enterococcal isolates from hospitalized patients with documented infection as high-level ampicillin-resistant enterococci (are). of these, 16 isolates were identified as enterococcus faecium and 1 isolate as enterococcus raffinosus. a case-control study found no significant differences with respect to underlying diseases, central venous catheterization, nosocomial acquisition of the infection and sites of infection. patients with are infection were older ... | 1994 | 8077987 |
| resistant gram-positive organisms. | antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria has reemerged in the last decade as a major clinical problem. methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, and enterococci resistant to penicillin, vancomycin, and/or gentamicin have become new considerations in the selection of therapy. both mutation and acquisition of new dna on either the chromosome or plasmids can be responsible for resistance in gram-positive species. because therapies are often limited, renewed ef ... | 1994 | 8080144 |
| vancomycin-dependent enterococci in the united kingdom. | | 1994 | 8089058 |
| potentiation of antibiotic activity by edta-tromethamine against three clinically isolated gram-positive resistant bacteria. an in vitro investigation. | the in vitro synergistic effects of combinations of edta-tromethamine and five antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, cephalexin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulphadimethoxine) on three clinically isolated gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hominis and streptococcus faecium) were investigated. the bacteria had been isolated from three cases of canine otitis resistant to beta-lactam antibiotic therapy. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the minimal i ... | 1994 | 8091636 |
| bactericidal activities of antibiotics against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium blood isolates and synergistic activities of combinations. | the effects of teicoplanin (8 micrograms/ml), ampicillin (64 micrograms/ml), imipenem (32 micrograms/ml), and gentamicin (4 micrograms/ml), alone and in combination, against 13 unique blood isolates of vancomycin-resistance (mic for 90% of isolates tested [mic90], 512 micrograms/ml), teicoplanin-susceptible (mic90, 2.0 micrograms/ml), ampicillin-resistant (mic90, 128 micrograms/ml), and non-beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus facium (vancomycin-resistant enterococci [vre] isolates) were evalua ... | 1994 | 8092818 |
| outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit. | an outbreak of bacteremia caused by enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin (mic of > or = 256 micrograms/ml), ampicillin (mic of > or = 64 micrograms/ml), and gentamicin or streptomycin (mic of > or = 2,000 micrograms/ml) occurred in an adult oncology unit from june 1991 to may 1992. active surveillance for the presence of this organism in stool or perianal cultures was begun in september 1991. between june 1991 and may 1992, seven patients with bacteremia and 22 noninfect ... | 1994 | 8092838 |
| application of dna probes for rrna and vana genes to investigation of a nosocomial cluster of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | dna probes specific for genes encoding rrna and the glycopeptide resistance gene vana were used to investigate a cluster of vancomycin-resistant (mics, > 512 mg/liter) enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from separate patients in a renal unit in a london hospital. when digested with bamhi, 12 of 13 vancomycin-resistant e. faecalis isolates exhibited a common restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of rrna genes (ribotype). a vana probe hybridized with chromosomal dna ... | 1993 | 8096216 |
| comparison of high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from different continents. | eight clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium highly resistant to gentamicin (mic, > 1,000 mg/liter) from patients in six hospitals on three continents were investigated for evidence of spread of either a clone of high-level gentamicin-resistant (hlgr) e. faecium or wide dissemination of a gentamicin resistance (gmr) plasmid. a combination of ribotypes, plasmid profiles, and extended antimicrobial susceptibilities enabled us to distinguish all but two of the isolates and did not suggest clonal ... | 1993 | 8098597 |
| nosocomial infection with microsphere beds. | | 1993 | 8100961 |
| evidence for an animal origin of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | | 1993 | 8102440 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci in vitro. | treating patients with enterococcal infections has become difficult because of the emergence of several resistant traits in the past decade, including high-level resistance to gentamicin, beta-lactamase production, non-beta-lactamase-associated penicillin resistance and vancomycin resistance. to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and to survey the antibiotic resistance of enterococci, we tested 111 clinical isolates of enterococci from the national taiwan university hospital from 1990 to ... | 1993 | 8106043 |
| study of heterogeneity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) genes in streptococci and enterococci by polymerase chain reaction: characterization of a new cat determinant. | an assay based on the utilization of degenerate primers that enable enzymatic amplification of an internal fragment of cat genes known to be present in gram-positive cocci was developed to identify the genes encoding chloramphenicol resistance in streptococci and enterococci. the functionality of this system was illustrated by the detection of cat genes belonging to four different hydridization classes represented by the staphylococcal genes catpc221, catpc194, catpscs7, and the clostridial gene ... | 1993 | 8109922 |
| in vitro activity of novobiocin against multiresistant strains of enterococcus faecium. | sixty strains of vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium were evaluated for their susceptibilities to novobiocin in vitro. in mueller-hinton broth, novobiocin inhibited all strains when it was used at a concentration of < or = 2 microgram/ml and 40 of 60 strains when it was used at a concentration of < or = 0.5 micrograms/ml. mics were 8- to 16-fold higher in 50% serum. novobiocin alone resulted in 2-log-unit killing at 24 h. combinations of novobiocin and a fluoroquinolone (ei ... | 1993 | 8109945 |
| chromosomally mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in streptococcus mitis. | four blood culture isolates of streptococcus mitis were found to be resistant to penicillin (mic, 16 to 32 micrograms/ml) and gentamicin (mic, 128 or 1,000 micrograms/ml), and the two antibiotics demonstrated a lack of in vitro synergy. as shown by polymerase chain reaction assays, the structural gene known to encode high-level gentamicin resistance in enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus agalactiae was also present in all four s. mitis strains. attempts to isolate plas ... | 1993 | 8109946 |
| detection of ampicillin resistance in enterococcus spp. by disk diffusion and two commercial automated systems. | a total of 154 enterococcus faecium and 48 enterococcus faecalis isolates, 55% of which were ampicillin-resistant, were used to evaluate two commonly used automated systems, vitek's gps-ta card (biomérieux, usa) and microscan's pos mic type 6 panel (baxter health-care, usa), and the nccls disk diffusion method for the detection of ampicillin resistance. microscan panels were read by the walk/away system and by visual inspection. the results were as follows: disk diffusion, 100% sensitive and spe ... | 1993 | 8112359 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activities of broad spectrum quinolones against clinical bacterial isolates]. | in vitro activities of broad-spectrum quinolones (sparfloxacin (spfx), ciprofloxacin (cpfx), lomefloxacin (lflx), fleroxacin (flrx), and levofloxacin (lvfx) were examined against clinical bacterial isolates: klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus pneumoniae). antibacterial activit ... | 1994 | 8114270 |
| enterococcus faecium meningitis. | | 1994 | 8117138 |
| [bacterial reducing qualities of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. i. contamination and sedimentation in humid and dry conditions]. | in this examination the bactericide qualities of different materials were tested. particularly the effect of humidity was examined. 3 materials containing copper ("copper", "brass" and "brass sheet") and 2 materials not containing copper ("polyamide b" and "high-grade steel") were tested. the surfaces of the 5 types of material were contaminated with a suspension of 2 different bacteria species (staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus luteus). after defined exposure times the survival rate of the ... | 1993 | 8117392 |
| sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin alone or in combination with gentamicin for therapy of experimental ampicillin-resistant enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. | sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin alone and in combination with gentamicin, were evaluated for the treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by ampicillin-resistant enterococci. clinafloxacin was tested against enterococcus faecalis strain wh245, a beta-lactamase producer lacking high-level gentamicin resistance (mic 12.5 mg/l). sparfloxacin was tested against enterococcus faecium strain sf2149 a non-producer of beta-lactamase (ampicillin mic 400 mg/l, gentamicin mic 12.5 mg/l). for ... | 1993 | 8125836 |
| effect of microbial inoculants on the nutritive value of corn silage for lactating dairy cows. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculation on the composition and nutritive value of corn silage for lactating cows. in experiment 1, forage was untreated or treated at ensiling with pioneer 1174 or ecosyl silage inoculants. forage was offered for free choice consumption, and concentrate was fed by a computerized feeder. treatment with 1174 inoculant had little effect on silage composition and no effect on cow performance. silage treated with ecosyl inoculant ... | 1993 | 8132883 |
| growth and adhesion of enterococcus faecium l-forms. | comparisons of growth and surface colonisation of enterococcus faecium l-forms and their cell-walled forms were undertaken to produce information about their ability to form sessile cells. the growth of l-forms in liquid culture was slower than that of the parent. this was reflected in their longer lag phase and slower specific growth rates: 0.16 h-1 for the l-form and 0.81 h-1 for the parent. although e. faecium l-forms attached to a silastic rubber surface, the attached population density was ... | 1994 | 8138130 |
| [escherichia vulneris infection. report of 2 cases]. | escherichia vulneris is an enterobacteriaceae seldom isolated in microbiology laboratories. we report two cases of infection with positive cultures for this microorganism. | 1993 | 8142507 |
| modification of peptidoglycan precursors is a common feature of the low-level vancomycin-resistant vanb-type enterococcus d366 and of the naturally glycopeptide-resistant species lactobacillus casei, pediococcus pentosaceus, leuconostoc mesenteroides, and enterococcus gallinarum. | the biochemical basis for the acquired or natural resistance of various gram-positive organisms to glycopeptides was studied by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of their peptidoglycan udp-murnac-peptide precursors. in all cases, resistance was correlated with partial or complete replacement of the c-terminal d-ala-d-ala-containing udp-murnac-pentapeptide by a new precursor with a modified c terminus. nuclear magnetic resonance analysis by sequential assignment showed that the new pr ... | 1994 | 8157610 |
| in vitro evaluation of high-level, gentamicin-resistant enterococci isolated from bacteremic patients. | we attempted to characterize the susceptibility of high-level, gentamicin-resistant (hlgr, minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] > 2000 micrograms/ml) enterococcal blood isolates and evaluated a small subset of these isolates for bactericidal synergy. thirteen enterococcus faecalis and three enterococcus faecium isolates that were hlgr were prospectively collected. standard broth macrodilution techniques were used to determine the mics and minimum bactericidal concentrations to a variety of ant ... | 1994 | 8159604 |
| identification of the dna-binding site for the phosphorylated vanr protein required for vancomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium. | the vancomycin resistance operon of enterococcus faecium encodes a two-component regulatory system comprising vans and vanr. in vitro experiments showed that about 5% of a labile phosphorylated vanr (p-vanr) was accumulated from atp and a maltose-binding protein-vans fusion protein (mbp-vans). alternatively, about an 8% abundance of p-vanr was produced with acetyl phosphate. in such incubations, gel shift experiments revealed that p-vanr selectively bound to a 254-bp dna fragment that contains t ... | 1994 | 8161518 |
| administration of vancomycin for treatment of ascending bacterial cholangiohepatitis in a cat. | a 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, being treated with methimazole for hyperthyroidism, developed chronic cholangitis with portal fibrosis and chronic cholecystitis. the common bile duct was not patent, which necessitated cholecystojejunostomy. four days after surgery, the cat developed suppurative cholangio-hepatitis caused by a beta-lactam resistant enterococcus. the cat's condition was further complicated by the concurrent development of hypokalemic polymyopathy. on the basis ... | 1994 | 8163415 |
| [community-acquired pneumonia caused by enterococcus faecium]. | | 1994 | 8170232 |
| conjugative transfer of tetracycline resistance in rumen streptococcal strains. | in 11% of tested streptococcus bovis strains a conjugative transfer of tetracycline resistance was observed when mating experiments were carried out on membrane filters. the recipient strain used was s. bovis bm114 with chromosomal resistance to rifampicin. in addition, in two strains tetracycline resistance was transferred also to recipient strain enterococcus faecium al6. the transfer frequencies were in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-3). the donor strains were screened for the presence of plasmid ... | 1994 | 8181787 |
| in-vitro activity of trospectomycin, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic, against multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium. | | 1994 | 8182013 |
| bactericidal activities of peptide antibiotics against multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium. | multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium has emerged as a serious pathogen for which no effective therapy has been established. in this report, we describe the activities of two peptide antibiotics, ramoplanin and daptomycin, against 15 isolates of e. faecium resistant to vancomycin, ampicillin, and aminoglycosides using time-kill experiments. both antibiotics were rapidly bactericidal when tested in broth; however, the addition of 50% serum resulted in significant regrowth. the combination of a ... | 1994 | 8192473 |
| comparative in vitro activity of du-6859a, a new fluoroquinolone agent, against gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activity of du-6859a (du), a new fluoroquinolone agent, was evaluated against 233 gram-positive cocci and was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, nafcillin, and ampicillin. the mics of du for 90% of the staphylococci tested were < or = 0.06 microgram/ml. all of the groups a and b and viridans group streptococci were inhibited by < or = 0.125 microgram of du per ml, which was 32-fold more active than ciprofloxacin. on the basis of mics for 90% of the strains tested, du ... | 1994 | 8203863 |
| genetics and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. | | 1993 | 8215264 |
| a gene conferring resistance to vancomycin but not teicoplanin in isolates of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium demonstrates homology with vanb, vana, and vanc genes of enterococci. | we report the sequence of a 630-bp fragment of a gene associated with resistance to high levels of vancomycin in a clinical isolate of enterococcus faecalis which retained susceptibility to teicoplanin. this gene was similar to the recently sequenced vanb and partially homologous with vana, but it showed less-marked similarity to vanc. a dna probe, derived from this polymerase chain reaction-amplified gene fragment, hybridized specifically with genomic dna from enterococcus faecium and e. faecal ... | 1993 | 8215270 |
| multicentre survey of the comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against bacteria from hospitalized patients in the british isles. | twenty-nine british and irish hospitals each collected up to 300 bacterial isolates from in-patients. the organisms were identified by an appropriate api system or, for staphylococci, by their gram and coagulase reactions. disc susceptibility tests were performed. isolates that gave zones < or = 25 mm to piperacillin/tazobactam (75 micrograms + 10 micrograms) discs were sent to a central laboratory for re-examination and determination of mic, together with a sample of the more susceptible organi ... | 1993 | 8226427 |
| prevalence in singapore of enterococci with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides and comparison of three methods for their detection. | the first study of the prevalence in singapore of enterococci with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been made in the national university hospital. from march to june 1992, 225 isolates were studied by means of three methods: (1) use of brain-heart infusion (bhi) agar incorporating the antibiotic; (2) microdilution of the antibiotic in broth; and (3) use of high content antibiotic discs. the bhi agar was the reference method. of the total, 49 (22%) isolates were resistant to gentamici ... | 1993 | 8228292 |
| [chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol combination. in vitro study of interactions observed against potential cutaneous strains]. | the interaction type of chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol association (foaming solution dc 102/1, laboratoires pierre fabre médicament) have been studied according to the chess-board method, on microplate, by determining mbc (minimal bactericidal concentrations) (or mfc (minimal fungicidal concentrations)) adjusted to t 72-150 afnor norm (dilution-neutralization, contact 5 mn) and computation of fbc (or ffc) index. trials were carried out against 18 hospital strains (staphylococcus epidermi ... | 1993 | 8233635 |
| experimental infection of chicks with enterococcus hirae. | | 1993 | 8236693 |
| characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-ii gene specific for enterococcus faecium. | chromosomal gene aac(6')-ii of enterococcus faecium cip 54-32, encoding a 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase was characterized. the gene was identified as a coding sequence of 549 bp corresponding to a protein with a calculated mass of 20,666 da. analysis of the sequence of the deduced protein suggested that it was the second member of a subfamily of aac(6')-i enzymes. insertional inactivation of aac(6')-ii led to aminoglycoside susceptibility of cip 54-32, suggesting that this gene plays a r ... | 1993 | 8239603 |
| novel antibiotic regimens against enterococcus faecium resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin. | enterococci have emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens. enterococci with resistance to commonly used antibiotics are appearing more frequently. we encountered at our institution several infections caused by enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin. the optimal antibiotic therapy for serious infections with unusually resistant enterococci has not been established. using time-kill studies, we tested the effectiveness of various antibiotic comb ... | 1993 | 8239604 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin against multidrug-resistant enterococci. | we evaluated the in vitro susceptibility of 140 clinical enterococcal isolates to the quinolones sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin. isolates included enterococcus faecalis (107), enterococcus faecium (29), enterococcus raffinosus (3), and one enterococcus gallinarum. there were 111 isolates that showed high-level [minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) > or = 2000 micrograms/ml] resistance to gentamicin and were resistant to high levels of all other aminoglycosides; five isolates produced beta-la ... | 1993 | 8243036 |
| modeling the growth of enterococcus faecium in bologna sausage. | a study to set up mathematical models which allow the prediction of enterococcus faecium growth in bologna sausage (mortadella) was carried out. growth curves were obtained at different temperatures (5, 6, 12, 15, 25, 32, 35, 37, 42, 46, 50, 52, and 55 degrees c). the gompertz and logistic models, modified by zwietering, were found to fit with the representation of experimental curves. the variations of the parameters a (i.e., the asymptotic value reached by the relative population during the st ... | 1993 | 8250562 |
| the antimicrobial activity in vitro of cefpirome and 6 other beta-lactam antibacterial agents against clinical isolates. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome (cpr) was compared with that of cefazolin (cez), cefotiam (ctm), flomoxef (fmox), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftazidime (caz) and imipenem/cilastatin (ipm/cs) against 384 clinical isolates, for tested by the both microdilution method. the activity of cpr against staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 1 microgram/ml) and enterococcus faecalis (mic50, 8 micrograms/ml) was better than ctx and caz, but slightly less than ipm/cs. cpr and other antibacterial agents were not effect ag ... | 1993 | 8254889 |
| antibiotic treatment of experimental endocarditis due to vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | we compared ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and gentamicin treatments, alone and in combination, for 5 days in the therapy of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rats caused by a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. the mics and mbcs of vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and gentamicin were 250 and > 1,000, 3.1 and 6.3, 0.098 and 1.6, and 12.5 and > 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. infected rats were sacrificed after completing 5 days of therapy. additional rats within ... | 1993 | 8257125 |
| identification of the sata gene encoding a streptogramin a acetyltransferase in enterococcus faecium bm4145. | enterococcus faecium bm4145, a clinical isolate from urine, was resistant to streptogramin group a antibiotics by inactivation. the strain harbored a plasmid containing a gene, sata, responsible for this resistance; this gene was cloned and sequenced. it encoded sata, a protein deduced to be 23,634 da in mass and homologous with a new family of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases described in agrobacterium tumefaciens, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus. the simil ... | 1993 | 8257133 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterococci: results of a survey conducted by the united kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for microbiology. | six strains of enterococci were distributed to participants in the united kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for microbiology with a request that they be tested for susceptibility to ampicillin/penicillin and vancomycin and for high-level resistance to gentamicin. more than 98% of laboratories correctly reported the resistant strains as resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. however, there was a poorer correlation for the susceptible strains, with only 1-6% and 69-83% of labora ... | 1993 | 8262862 |
| vancomycin-resistant leuconostoc mesenteroides and lactobacillus casei synthesize cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursors that terminate in lactate. | the emergence of acquired high-level resistance among enterococcus species has renewed interest in mechanisms of resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in gram-positive bacteria. in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium, resistance is encoded by the van gene cluster and is due to the production of a peptidoglycan precursor terminating in d-alanyl-d-lactate, to which vancomycin does not bind. most leuconostoc and many lactobacillus species are intrinsically resistant to high levels of gl ... | 1994 | 8282706 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of the glycylcyclines, a new class of semisynthetic tetracyclines. | n,n-dimethylglycylamido (dmg) derivatives of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline are new semisynthetic tetracyclines referred to as the glycylcyclines. the in vitro activities of the glycylcyclines were evaluated in comparison with those of minocycline and tetracycline against strains carrying characterized tetracycline resistance determinants and against 995 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers in north america. the glycylcyclines were active ... | 1993 | 8285606 |
| characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci from u.s. hospitals. | we examined 105 clinical isolates of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci collected from 31 u.s. hospitals in 14 states during may 1988 to july 1992. the isolates included 82 enterococcus faecium, 8 e. faecalis, 6 enterococcus spp., 5 e. gallinarum, 3 e. casseliflavus, and 1 e. raffinosus. the isolates were categorized into the following four phenotypes of glycopeptide resistance on the basis of their mic patterns: (i) 70 vana (vancomycin [vm] mic, > or = 64 micrograms/ml; teicoplanin [tei] mic, 1 ... | 1993 | 8285611 |
| high-level penicillin resistance and penicillin-gentamicin synergy in enterococcus faecium. | thirty-seven enterococcus faecium strains with different levels of penicillin susceptibility were studied in time-kill experiments with a fixed concentration (5 micrograms/ml) of gentamicin combined with different penicillin concentrations (6 to 600 micrograms/ml). synergy was defined as a relative decrease in counts of greater than 2 log10 cfu per milliliter after 24 h of incubation when the combination of the antibiotics was compared with its most active component alone. the minimal synergisti ... | 1993 | 8285628 |
| the bactericidal activity of magainins against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecium. | the antimicrobial activities of two synthetic magainins, msi 94 and msi 93, were investigated in vitro against 20 clinical isolates each of pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecium. the ranges of the mics of both agents were 6.25-50 mg/l for p. aeruginosa and 3.13-12.5 mg/l for e. faecium. in time-kill studies, the magainins demonstrated rapid, concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against selected isolates of both species. this bactericidal effect was inoculum-dependent for p. ae ... | 1993 | 8288499 |
| effect of extracellularly generated singlet oxygen on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | in the separated surface-sensitizer system, a photosensitizer is physically separated from the substrate by a thin air layer under such conditions that only singlet oxygen can reach and oxidize the substrate, preventing the competition by type i photosensitized processes. this method has been used to study the reaction of singlet oxygen with gram-positive (streptococcus faecium) and gram-negative (escherichia coli) bacterial strains. studies on cell samples exposed to singlet oxygen for differen ... | 1993 | 8289115 |
| [regulation of enzymes of the first and last stage of lysine biosynthesis in streptococcus bovis and enterococcus faecium]. | regulation of aspartate kinase and diaminopimelate decarboxylase activities in streptococcus bovis and enterococcus faecium cell-free extracts was studied. the levels of synthesis of aspartate kinase and diaminopimelate decarboxylase in both microorganisms are growth-dependent. the synthesis of these enzymes is depressed by lysine, but the activity of aspartate kinase is induced by addition of this amino acid and threonine to the reaction system. meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity was n ... | 1993 | 8289839 |
| infection problems for the 1990's--do we have an answer? | there is and has been continued change in organisms causing infection in the hospital. in the past few years, although gram-negative bacteria have remained a major cause of mortality, gram-positive bacteria and fungi have become increasingly important. this has caused organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, xanthomonas maltophilia and multiply resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa to be common pathogens. can this difficult state of affairs be changed by better antimicrobia ... | 1993 | 8290904 |
| crystallization, characterization and preliminary crystallographic studies of carbamate kinase of streptococcus faecium. | crystals of carbamate kinase (e.c.2.7.2.2) suitable for high resolution studies have been obtained, using the hanging drop vapour diffusion technique, with polyethylene glycol 8000 and nacl as precipitants at ph 6.5 and a temperature of 4 degrees c. crystals of about 0.3 mm x 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm in size diffract to at least 3.2 a resolution and are stable to x-radiation for more than ten hours. the space group is p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions a = 84.5 a, b = 99.6 a, c = 173.3 a. density p ... | 1994 | 8308897 |
| clonal spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium between patients in three hospitals in two states. | the dnas of 3* vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from five hospitals in three states were analyzed by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis and plasmid analysis. there were 22 strain types. one strain type was common to patients in three hospitals in two states. these results suggest the apparent intra- and interhospital spread of vancomycin-resistant e. faecium. | 1993 | 8315004 |
| colonial variation in vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium. | vancomycin resistant enterococci are increasingly being isolated from inpatients. this report describes the colonial variation present in most isolates of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium obtained at this hospital. colonial variants within the same culture were indistinguishable by antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, and ribotyping. failure to appreciate this colonial variation will lead to pure cultures being regarded as contaminated or mixed. | 1993 | 8320331 |
| enterococcus faecium: in vitro activity of antimicrobial drugs, singly and combined, with and without defibrinated human blood, against multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains. | the minimal inhibitory (mics) and bactericidal concentrations of 14 antimicrobial drugs were determined against 17 clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium, including 4 glycopeptide-resistant strains. both teicoplanin and vancomycin lacked bactericidal activity against all 13 susceptible isolates. time-kill experiments served to test various antibiotic combinations chiefly against glycopeptide-resistant strains in mueller-hinton broth (mhb) and in mhb supplemented with 65% (v/v) fresh defibrina ... | 1993 | 8325127 |
| constitutively vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium resistant to synergistic beta-lactam combinations. | vancomycin resistance among enterococci has recently been recognized. synergy between vancomycin and penicillin has been shown in vitro for isolates of enterococcus faecium resistant to both of these antibiotics. we describe three isolates of vancomycin-resistant e. faecium which demonstrate unique phenotypic characteristics. the isolates exhibited high-level resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, consistent with the vana phenotype. however, resistance in these isolates could not be indu ... | 1993 | 8328775 |
| nosocomial outbreak due to enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. | in october 1990, enterococcus faecium that was highly resistant to glycopeptides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides was isolated from the peritoneal dialysis fluid from a patient in an intensive care unit. over the following 6 months, multiresistant e. faecium organisms were isolated from cultures of blood, urine, or surgical wound specimens from eight additional patients. surveillance cultures of groin and/or rectal swabs were positive for eight of 37 patients and four of 62 employees at risk. r ... | 1993 | 8329505 |
| in-vitro synergy and mechanism of interaction between vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against enterococcal isolates. | in-vitro synergy between vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against 44 enterococcal isolates was studied. synergy occurred in chequerboard mic determinations with six enterococcus faecium strains resistant to both vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. the combination was additive for strains susceptible to one or both antibiotics. time-kill studies involving selected strains with different susceptibility patterns confirmed the chequerboard results. the effect of ciprofloxacin on the induction of vancomycin re ... | 1993 | 8335499 |
| diagnosis and treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. | enterococci are frequently encountered in urinary, biliary, and gastrointestinal tract infections and are increasingly being recognized in nosocomial bacteriuria and bacteremia. undoubtedly, however, the most serious of all enterococcal infections is endocarditis. at present, enterococci are the third most common cause of infective endocarditis (after streptococci and staphylococcus aureus), and the incidence of the disease is likely to grow as the population ages and increasing numbers of perso ... | 1993 | 8340432 |
| [antagonistic activity of the rumen bacteria, enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus warneri]. | the bacterial strains e. faecium and s. warneri were tested for their antagonistic activities, and/or for the antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocin-like substances produced by these bacteria. isolates of rumen and non-rumen origin were used as indicator strains (tab. i). all the isolates (except the strains sw48 and ef24c as indicators of rumen origin) produced bacteriocin-like substances inhibiting the growth of at least one of the series of the nine indicators used while clear inhibition zones ... | 1993 | 8346614 |
| ability of clinical laboratories to detect antimicrobial agent-resistant enterococci. | to test the ability of clinical laboratories to detect antimicrobial resistance among enterococci, we sent four vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains and one beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus to all 93 nongovernment, hospital-based clinical laboratories in new jersey; 76 (82%) participated in the study. each organism was tested by the laboratory's routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. the proportion of laboratories that correctly reported that an isolate was resistant to v ... | 1993 | 8349745 |
| recovery of borrelia burgdorferi by filtration. | bacterial contamination frequently interferes with successful recovery of the lyme spirochete from cultures of tissue from borrelia burgdorferi-infected humans, rodents, or ticks. we used 0.20- and 0.45-microns-pore-size syringe-tip filters to recover spirochetes from cultures contaminated with other bacteria. low concentrations (1 to 10/ml) of b. burgdorferi organisms could be recovered from cultures seeded with 1 x 10(8) to 4 x 10(8) staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecium, escherichia co ... | 1993 | 8349770 |
| comparison of patients with enterococcal bacteremia due to strains with and without high-level resistance to gentamicin. | patients with enterococcal bacteremia due to strains with and without high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr; mic, > 2,000 mg/l) were compared. between 1986 and 1991, there were 178 episodes of enterococcal bacteremia: 47 and 131 episodes, respectively, due to enterococcal strains with and without hlgr. sixty-two, 57, and 59 episodes, respectively, were in patients with transient bacteremia (a single positive blood culture), bacteremia (two or more positive blood cultures), and polymicrobial bac ... | 1993 | 8353250 |
| frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of enterococci. | a study was performed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococcus species in clinical specimens. of 943 aesculin-positive isolates, 873 (92%) were identified as enterococci (737 enterococcus faecalis, 129 enterococcus faecium and 7 other enterococcus species). high-level resistance to gentamicin was found in 15.2% of enterococcus faecalis, but not in enterococcus faecium; 58% of enterococcus faecium were resistant to gentamicin at a concentration of 64 mg/l. none ... | 1993 | 8354304 |
| ternary complex formation with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and the kinetic properties of thymidylate synthase from lactobacillus leichmannii. | lactobacillus leichmannii thymidylate synthase (5,10-ch2-h4pteglu:dump c-methyltransferase, ec 2.1.1.45) forms a tight and stable covalently bonded ternary complex with the inhibitor 5-fdump in the presence of the cofactor 5,10-ch2-h4-pteglu. 'filter assay' employing the radioactive nucleotide ligand showed that 2 moles of fdump are bound per mole enzyme during the ternary complex formation with the l. leichmannii dtmp synthase. this is in line with our earlier observation on the streptococcus f ... | 1993 | 8354517 |
| triple combination penicillin-vancomycin-gentamicin for experimental endocarditis caused by a highly penicillin-and glycopeptide-resistant isolate of enterococcus faecium. | a combination of low-dose penicillin (75,000 iu/kg twice daily [b.i.d.]) vancomycin (30 mg/kg b.i.d.) and gentamicin (6 mg/kg b.i.d.) has been shown to be as effective as a combination of high-dose penicillin (500,000 iu/kg b.i.d.) and gentamicin (6 mg/kg b.i.d.) in the treatment of rabbit endocarditis caused by an enterococcus faecium strain moderately resistant to beta-lactams and highly resistant to glycopeptides. the same regimens were evaluated against an e. faecium strain highly resistant ... | 1993 | 8354909 |
| presumptive fecal streptococci in environmental samples characterized by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the use of fecal streptococci as fecal indicators requires better knowledge of the ecology of these bacteria. we isolated 371 presumptive fecal streptococci from environmental samples--domestic wastewater, forest industry wastewater, contaminated surface and seawater, well water, cow dung, bird droppings, and pristine waters--and clustered them according to their protein profiles in one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. some clusters could be tentati ... | 1993 | 8357252 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of cp-99433 compared with other fluoroquinolones. | cp-99433 is a new c-7 diazabicyclofluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that includes enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci, and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. potent activity was demonstrated against pseudomonas aeruginosa [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml), xanthomonas maltophilia (mic90, 1 microgram/ml), and all streptococcus species (mic90s, 0.25-1 microgram/ml). only cp-99433 was active against enterococcus faecium (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). cp-99433 ... | 1993 | 8359012 |
| [intestinal flora of inpatients and isolation frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus]. | the authors compared intestinal flora from 30 healthy volunteers and 128 inpatients. e. coli, b. fragilis, and bifidobacterium were each detected in the stools of healthy subjects at a frequency of more than 90%, while the incidences of such flora were low in the stools of inpatients: a significant difference was observed between the two groups. e. faecium, p. aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), c. difficile, and candida were detected at high frequencies in the stools ... | 1993 | 8361033 |
| taurolidine: in vitro activity against multiple-antibiotic-resistant, nosocomially significant clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, and diverse enterobacteriaceae. | taurolidine at < or = 1,250 micrograms/ml killed all 37 isolates of multiple-antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus (n = 9), enterococcus faecium (n = 17), and enterobacteriaceae (n = 11). time-kill experiments disclosed that bovine serum (65% v/v) only marginally retarded the bactericidal activity of 2,000 and 1,000 micrograms/ml of taurolidine against the various strains. taurolidine at 2,000 micrograms/ml did not antagonize the bactericidal activity of 50% (v/v) fresh human serum against ... | 1993 | 8370323 |
| characterization of tn1546, a tn3-related transposon conferring glycopeptide resistance by synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in enterococcus faecium bm4147. | sequence determination of the flanking regions of the vancomycin resistance van gene cluster carried by pip816 in enterococcus faecium bm4147 revealed similarity to transposons of the tn3 family. imperfect inverted repeats (36 of 38 bp) delineated a 10,851-bp element designated tn1546. the 4-kb region located upstream from the vanr gene contained two open reading frames (orf) transcribed in opposite directions. the deduced amino acid sequence of orf1 (988 residues) displayed, respectively, 56 an ... | 1993 | 8380148 |