| [health problems of the elderly]. | | 1986 | 214626 |
| [treatment of psychoses with cholinolytic comas]. | | 1991 | 270267 |
| [american psychiatry (i): impressions from a study trip, spring 1975]. | | 1994 | 1263677 |
| [organization of nocturnal sleep in patients with liver cirrhosis: changes before and after treatment with levodopa and lactulose]. | | 1995 | 167416 |
| endometrial carcinoma in a celebese black macaque (macaca nigra). | | 2008 | 2588441 |
| [pancreatic hormones and gastrin in patients with acute dysentery]. | the incretory pancreatic function has been studied in 35 patients with a moderately severe course of acute dysentery. the blood plasma content of insulin, glucagon and gastrin was determined by means of radioimmunoassay with standard kits during the acute course of the disease and prior to discharge of patients. the endocrine pancreatic function was found to be deranged with an increased insulin content during convalescence; the glucagon content was decreased during the period of the disease and ... | 2009 | 2657214 |
| a taxonomic revision of the small catarrhine primates from the early miocene of east africa. | this paper presents a detailed systematic revision of the small catarrhine primates from the early miocene of east africa, recovered from sites in western kenya and in uganda dated at between 22 and 17 m.y. revised diagnoses and amended hypodigms for each of the species are presented. in addition to the currently identified taxa, limnopithecus legetet hopwood, 1933, dendropithecus macinnesi (le gros clark and leakey, 1950) and micropithecus clarki fleagle and simons, 1978, two further species ar ... | 2011 | 3234984 |
| to switch or not to switch? the senning alternative. | we analyzed the fate of 100 consecutive patients with simple arterial transposition who were admitted within the first 2 weeks of life to the hospital for sick children during the period 1978-1986. in contrast to current practice, these patients were managed with the objective of performing a senning operation as the definitive procedure. five of these 100 patients died on the first day of life of sequelae of perinatal hypoxia, four died within the first month of life (often of complications of ... | 2011 | 3180387 |
| postradiation soft tissue sarcomas. an analysis of 53 cases. | the clinicopathologic features of 53 cases of postradiation soft tissue sarcoma (prs) were correlated with the physical characteristics of the administered radiation. all but three patients received radiation for malignant processes. of the secondary sarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (mfh) accounted for 36 cases (68%), followed by seven extraskeletal osteosarcomas (13%), six fibrosarcomas (11%), two malignant schwannomas (4%), one extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and one angiosarcoma. the se ... | 2011 | 3179948 |
| [assessment of fitness for airplane and ship travel]. | | 2011 | 3176547 |
| [vesicorenal reflux following endoscopic treatment of vesical tumors. developmental and therapeutic complications]. | a survey of 107 patients treated for bladder papillomatosis, 78 of which recurred, confirmed the frequency of appearance of an iatrogenic reflux (28 cases: 26%). the main explanations for its onset are resection and orificial sclerosis. two consequences of reflux are discussed. one is very probable: the development of tumoral lesions in the upper excretory pathways. noted in 7 (25%) of the 28 cases, these high tumors can be partly explained by the mechanism of cell implantation, grafts being asc ... | 2011 | 3102620 |
| [effect of prednisolone on hormonal function of the fetoplacental unit in the third trimester of pregnancy. ii. effect of prednisolone on progesterone, placental gonadotropin and placental lactogen levels in the blood of pregnant women]. | | 2012 | 3428656 |
| factors influencing the assay of inoue-melnick virus. | we describe factors influencing the assay of inoue-melnick virus (imv) and practical comments for its assay. mrc-5 cells at a population doubling level (pdl) of more than 32 were more sensitive than younger cells for demonstrating cytopathic effect (cpe) of the virus. the pdl of mrc-5 cells also influenced the virus yield, particularly when the amount of viral inoculum was small. cells at younger pdl produced less virus. the appearance of cpe and the virus yield were inhibited by increasing the ... | 2013 | 3680463 |
| hemocytic changes associated with the encapsulation and melanization of some insect parasites. | | 2014 | 4196234 |
| treatment of bladder cancer in egypt, part ii: reconstruction technics. | | 2014 | 4168150 |
| aids. pasteur sues over patent. | | 2014 | 4079978 |
| [lewis-negative blood group. definite frequency, probable prognostic value in adult psychiatry]. | the negative lewis blood type is meaningfully more frequent with our psychiatric patients than with the general population. the theoretical interest of this fact is certain for the reason of two particularities of this blood type. it is not genetically and definitely determined at birth: the absence of passing over negativity through positivity seems to constitute a factor in favour of the blossoming of a psychiatric pathology. it is in connection with the secretory aptitude of some cells: this ... | 2014 | 4029074 |
| small square (ss) net structure of the narrow z-line. | | 2014 | 4046027 |
| [two cases of congenital hydronephrosis discovered by renal trauma]. | two cases of congenital hydronephrosis discovered by renal trauma are reported. the first case was a 15-year-old girl. when she was practicing kendo, her hakama clung to her legs, and she tumbled. she had emergency operation for abdominal injury. at surgery, no evidence of abdominal injury was detected. renal trauma was suspected. right renal angiography revealed hydronephrosis. the second case was a 23-year-old girl, complaining of abdominal pain after stumbling over a block. intravenous pyelog ... | 2014 | 3993488 |
| the nucleotide sequence of trnaval3a and trnaval3b from drosophila melanogaster. | the nucleotide sequences of two valine trna's of drosophila melanogaster are the following: trnaval3a, (sequence in text) trnaval3b, (sequence in text) trnaval3a shows greater similarity to prokaryotic and eukaryotic organelle trnaval's than does trnaval3b. | 2014 | 3921221 |
| probabilistic information processing: implementation and evaluation of a semi-pip diagnostic system. | | 2015 | 4582627 |
| burn-wound management. | | 2015 | 4582569 |
| [experimental study on extraction wound healing]. | | 2015 | 4508036 |
| proceedings: differential leucocyte counts by volume distribution analysis. | | 2015 | 4415250 |
| supply of antivenenes. | | 2015 | 4384789 |
| perinatal tips. | | 2016 | 4937157 |
| high-level association of bovine digital dermatitis treponema spp. with contagious ovine digital dermatitis lesions and presence of fusobacterium necrophorum and dichelobacter nodosus. | contagious ovine digital dermatitis (codd) is an important foot disease in sheep, with significant animal welfare and economic implications. it is thought that codd emerged from bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) via treponemal bacteria. with wildlife species such as elk now suffering a codd-like disease, it is imperative to clarify these disease etiologies. a large investigation into treponemal association with codd is warranted. codd lesions (n = 58) and healthy sheep foot tissues (n = 56) were a ... | 2015 | 25740778 |
| development and comparison of a real-time pcr assay for detection of dichelobacter nodosus with culturing and conventional pcr: harmonisation between three laboratories. | ovine footrot is a contagious disease with worldwide occurrence in sheep. the main causative agent is the fastidious bacterium dichelobacter nodosus. in scandinavia, footrot was first diagnosed in sweden in 2004 and later also in norway and denmark. clinical examination of sheep feet is fundamental to diagnosis of footrot, but d. nodosus should also be detected to confirm the diagnosis. pcr-based detection using conventional pcr has been used at our institutes, but the method was laborious and t ... | 2012 | 22293440 |
| drug target identification and prioritization for treatment of ovine foot rot: an in silico approach. | ovine foot rot is an infection of the feet of sheep, mainly caused by dichelobacter nodosus. in its virulent form, it is highly contagious and debilitating, causing significant losses in the form of decline in wool growth and quality and poor fertility. current methods of treatment are ineffective in complete eradication. effective antibiotic treatment of foot rot is hence necessary to ensure better outcomes during control phases by reduction in culling count and the possibility of carriers of t ... | 2016 | 27379247 |
| secretion of tcpf by the vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus biogenesis apparatus requires an n-terminal determinant. | type iv pili are important for microcolony formation, biofilm formation, twitching motility, and attachment. we and others have shown that type iv pili are important for protein secretion across the outer membrane, similar to type ii secretion systems. this study explored the relationship between protein secretion and pilus formation in vibrio cholerae. the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type iv pilus required for v. cholerae pathogenesis, is necessary for the secretion of the colonization fac ... | 2013 | 23564177 |
| the aprv5 subtilase is required for the optimal processing of all three extracellular serine proteases from dichelobacter nodosus. | dichelobacter nodosus is the principal causative agent of ovine footrot and its extracellular proteases are major virulence factors. virulent isolates of d. nodosus secrete three subtilisin-like serine proteases: aprv2, aprv5 and bprv. these enzymes are each synthesized as precursor molecules that include a signal (pre-) peptide, a pro-peptide and a c-terminal extension, which are processed to produce the mature active forms. the function of the c-terminal regions of these proteases and the mech ... | 2012 | 23112874 |
| first study of pathogen load and localisation of ovine footrot using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish). | analysis of bacterial populations in situ provides insights into pathogen population dynamics and potential reservoirs for disease. here we report a culture-independent study of ovine footrot (fr); a debilitating bacterial disease that has significant economic impact on sheep farming worldwide. disease begins as an interdigital dermatitis (id), which may then progress to separation of the hoof horn from the underlying epidermis causing severe footrot (sfr). dichelobacter nodosus is the causative ... | 2015 | 25742734 |
| reducing exposure to pathogens in the horse: a preliminary study into the survival of bacteria on a range of equine bedding types. | to compare the rate of growth of four microbial strains that cause disease in the horse, on four commonly used types of bedding. the moisture-holding capacity of each bedding type was also tested. | 2017 | 27659898 |
| sample pooling for real-time pcr detection and virulence determination of the footrot pathogen dichelobacter nodosus. | dichelobacter nodosus is the principal cause of ovine footrot and strain virulence is an important factor in disease severity. therefore, detection and virulence determination of d. nodosus is important for proper diagnosis of the disease. today this is possible by real-time pcr analysis. analysis of large numbers of samples is costly and laborious; therefore, pooling of individual samples is common in surveillance programs. however, pooling can reduce the sensitivity of the method. the aim of t ... | 2017 | 28343363 |
| a distinct bacterial dysbiosis associated skin inflammation in ovine footrot. | ovine footrot is a highly prevalent bacterial disease caused by dichelobacter nodosus and characterised by the separation of the hoof horn from the underlying skin. the role of innate immune molecules and other bacterial communities in the development of footrot lesions remains unclear. this study shows a significant association between the high expression of il1β and high d. nodosus load in footrot samples. investigation of the microbial population identified distinct bacterial populations in t ... | 2017 | 28338081 |
| evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic protease virulence tests for dichelobacter nodosus infection in sheep. | dichelobacter nodosus is a fastidious, strictly anaerobic bacterium, an obligate parasite of the ruminant hoof and the essential causative agent of virulent ovine footrot. the clinical disease results from a complex interplay between pathogen, environment and host. sheep flocks diagnosed with virulent but not benign footrot in australia may be quarantined and required to undergo a compulsory eradication program, with costs met by the farmer. virulence of d. nodosus is at least partially dependen ... | 2017 | 28202796 |
| elimination of virulent strains (aprv2) of dichelobacter nodosus from feet of 28 swiss sheep flocks: a proof of concept study. | virulent ovine footrot caused by dichelobacter nodosus is an endemic disease worldwide. it is associated with severe pain, impaired animal welfare and economic losses. the competitive real-time pcr for the differentiation of virulent aprv2 and benign aprb2 strains of dichelobacter nodosus provides an objective, rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool for footrot surveillance, especially as it enables early detection of subclinical carriers of virulent strains. the aim of this study was to evaluate t ... | 2016 | 27687922 |
| nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum metabolic profiling of dairy cows with footrot. | footrot is a debilitating and contagious disease in dairy cows, caused by the gram-negative anaerobe dichelobacter nodosus. (1)h-nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance)-based metabolomics has been previously used to understand the pathology and etiology of several diseases. the objective of this study was to characterize serum from dairy cows with footrot (n=10) using (1)h-nmr-based metabolomics and chemometric analyses. (1)h-nmr spectroscopy with multivariate pattern recognition (principal component a ... | 2016 | 27320815 |
| ovine footrot: new insights into bacterial colonisation. | ovine footrot is characterised by interdigital dermatitis (id) and by the separation of the skin and hoof horn (under-running footrot). dichelobacter nodosus is the essential pathogen causing footrot; the role of other microorganisms in this disease remains unclear. the aims of this study were (i) to investigate the colonisation of d nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema species in biopsies from the ovine interdigital skin of healthy, id and footrot-affected feet and (ii) to character ... | 2016 | 27317761 |
| identification and characterization of dichelobacter nodosus serogroup h from ovine footrot in india. | a total of 56 foot swabs were collected from inter digital spaces of sheep with footrot lesions were screened for 16 rrna of dichelobacter nodosus by pcr. out of the 56 samples, 38(67.85%) were found to be positive. all the positive samples were subjected to multiplex pcr targeting fima gene for identification of serogroups of d. nodosus. serogroup h was found along with serogroup b in 12 (55.26%) samples and with serogroup i in 8 (22.2%) samples. the serogroup h was identified for the first tim ... | 2016 | 27259362 |
| cloning, expression, and functional characterization of serine protease aprv2 from virulent isolate dichelobacter nodosus of indian origin. | a gene encoding an extracellular protease from dichelobacter nodosus was characterized and expressed in e. coli rosetta-gami (de3). the nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an orf of 1427 bp ecoding 475 amino acids long protein of calculated molecular weight 50.6 kda and pi value 6.09. the phylogenetic analysis showed relatedness to subtilisin-like serine proteases of peptidase s8 family. the amino acid sequence analysis showed presence of n-terminal pre-peptide (1-23 aa), pro-peptide (24-160 a ... | 2016 | 27168406 |
| phylogenetic analysis of dichelobacter nodosus serogroup-specific fima gene from ovine footrot in andhra pradesh. | identification of different serogroups of dichelobacter nodosus prevailing in the region and to understand the degree of genetic heterogeneities among the different isolates of d. nodosus. | 2015 | 27047136 |
| infectious lameness among migratory sheep and goats in north-west india, with particular focus on anaerobes. | various bacterial species, particularly dichelobacter nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum, trueperella pyogenes (previously arcanobacterium pyogenes) and treponema spp., have been implicated in infectious conditions manifesting in lameness in sheep and goat populations. the current study reports the causes of infectious lameness in the north-western himalayan region, particularly himachal pradesh (hp), where no such study has been conducted in the past. among a total surveyed population of 27,586 ... | 2015 | 27044157 |
| outbreak of severe foot rot associated with benign dichelobacter nodosus in an alpine ibex colony in the swiss prealps. | an outbreak of foot rot occurred in the ibex colony "vanil noir" in switzerland from may to december 2014. this article describes field observations and the analyses carried out on the limbs of 3 animals submitted for postmortem examination. disease signs observed in the field included lameness, poor body condition and overgrown hooves. macroscopic examination of selected limbs revealed severe lesions in all of them, including interdigital inflammation with ulceration and malodorous exudation. h ... | 2015 | 26753343 |
| survival of the ovine footrot pathogen dichelobacter nodosus in different soils. | dichelobacter nodosus (d. nodosus) is the causative agent of footrot in sheep; one of the most important health and welfare issues of sheep worldwide. for control programmes to be effective, it is essential that the transmission cycle of d. nodosus is understood and bacterial reservoirs in the environment are better defined. this study evaluated the survival of d. nodosus in different soils using soil microcosms. cultivation independent and dependent methods were used to detect d. nodosus over 4 ... | 2016 | 26746387 |
| a case report of lameness in two dairy goat herds; a suspected combination of nutritional factors concurrent with treponeme infection. | two dairy goat farms with high level of lameness in lactating animals were presented for further investigation. farm 1 and farm 2 presented with 37 and 67% morbidity, respectively. both farms had an all year round indoor system, feeding ad libitum concentrate with forage available at all times. | 2015 | 26673897 |
| experimental infection of cattle with ovine dichelobacter nodosus isolates. | dichelobacter nodosus is the main causative agent of ovine footrot, and there are strong indications that the bacterium can be transferred to cattle grazing on the same pasture as sheep. the aim of this study was to investigate if benign and virulent d. nodosus strains isolated from sheep can be transferred to the interdigital skin of cattle under experimental conditions. further, we wanted to observe the impact of such infection on bovine foot health, and test the effect of topical chlortetracy ... | 2015 | 26407552 |
| draft genome sequence of dichelobacter nodosus atcc 25549, strain vpi 2340 [11342], a bacterium causing footrot in sheep. | we report a draft genome sequence for dichelobacter nodosus atcc 25549, strain vpi 2340 [11342], a causative agent of ovine footrot. the draft genome shares ~98% gene similarity with the available genome of d. nodosus strain vcs1703a but is differentiated by extensive gene duplication and the absence of 13 particular genes. | 2015 | 26404593 |
| the detection of dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum from ovine footrot in kashmir, india. | in a study conducted, a total of 450 swab samples from footrot lesions of naturally infected sheep were collected in all the ten districts of the kashmir valley and were examined for the presence of dichelobacter nodosus (d. nodosus) and fusobacterium necrophorum (f. necrophorum), in order to determine if f. necrophorum was associated with ovine footrot. the detection of f. necrophorum and d. nodosus was carried out by polymerase chain reaction targeting the leukotoxin (lkta) and 16s rrna genes, ... | 2015 | 26159406 |
| association of treponeme species with atypical foot lesions in goats. | five uk goat farms with high levels of lameness (prevalence 14-67 per cent) were investigated. on two farms (farms 1 and 2), the animals presented with typical footrot lesions. the remaining three farms (farms 3, 4 and 5) presented with infected lesions on the foot that did not resemble footrot. these lesions were observed to start from the white line or sole but the interdigital space was rarely affected. swabs were processed by pcr to assess the presence of dichelobacter nodosus and three spec ... | 2015 | 25977404 |
| the role of the environment in transmission of dichelobacter nodosus between ewes and their lambs. | dichelobacter nodosus (d. nodosus) is the essential causative agent of footrot in sheep. the current study investigated when d. nodosus was detectable on newborn lambs and possible routes of transmission. specific qpcr was used to detect and quantify the load of d. nodosus in foot swabs of lambs at birth and 5-13 h post-partum, and their mothers 5-13 h post-partum; and in samples of bedding, pasture, soil and faeces. d. nodosus was not detected on the feet of newborn lambs swabbed at birth, but ... | 2015 | 25953734 |
| a molecular epidemiology of treponemes in beef cattle digital dermatitis lesions and comparative analyses with sheep contagious ovine digital dermatitis and dairy cattle digital dermatitis lesions. | bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is an infective foot disease commonly reported in dairy cattle where treponema are considered as the primary causative infectious agents. there still remains little definitive information on the etiology of bdd in beef cattle suggesting further investigations are warranted. beef bdd lesions (n=34) and healthy beef foot tissues (n=38) were analysed by pcr for three bdd-associated treponema phylogroups and also for dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum ... | 2015 | 25937315 |
| a two-component regulatory system modulates twitching motility in dichelobacter nodosus. | dichelobacter nodosus is the essential causative agent of footrot in sheep and type iv fimbriae-mediated twitching motility has been shown to be essential for virulence. we have identified a two-component signal transduction system (twmsr) that shows similarity to chemosensory systems from other bacteria. insertional inactivation of the gene encoding the response regulator, twmr, led to a twitching motility defect, with the mutant having a reduced rate of twitching motility when compared to the ... | 2015 | 25891425 |
| characterisation of dichelobacter nodosus and detection of fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema spp. in sheep with different clinical manifestations of footrot. | the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of dichelobacter nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema spp. in sheep with different clinical manifestations of footrot compared to healthy sheep both at flock and individual level. the second aim was to characterise d. nodosus with respect to virulence, presence of inta gene and the serogroups. swab samples (n=1000) from footrot-affected (n=10) and healthy flocks (n=10) were analysed for the presence of d. nodosus, f. necrophorum a ... | 2015 | 25796133 |
| identification and characterization of serogroup m dichelobacter nodosus from sheep with virulent footrot. | as part of an outbreak-specific footrot vaccination field trial a total of 1282 footrot lesion samples were collected from 2 sheep flocks on king island, tasmania. breeding rams were shared between the two flocks, suggesting a common source of infection. all samples were tested for dichelobacter nodosus. a total of 1047 d. nodosus isolates were obtained in pure culture (490 from 670 lesion samples from flock 1, and 557 from 612 lesion samples from flock 2) were tested by agglutination and pcr te ... | 2015 | 25669597 |
| investigation of immunity in sheep following footrot infection and vaccination. | ovine footrot is a major disease affecting sheep welfare and production. the anaerobic gram-negative bacterium dichelobacter nodosus is the essential transmitting agent. monovalent or bivalent vaccines induce high levels of d. nodosus antibodies and are the basis of several successful footrot treatment, control and eradication programs. due to the rapid rate of disease transmission within a flock, the presence of therapeutic vaccination non-responders has major implications for a control program ... | 2014 | 25454866 |
| genomic evidence for a globally distributed, bimodal population in the ovine footrot pathogen dichelobacter nodosus. | footrot is a contagious, debilitating disease of sheep, causing major economic losses in most sheep-producing countries. the causative agent is the gram-negative anaerobe dichelobacter nodosus. depending on the virulence of the infective bacterial strain, clinical signs vary from a mild interdigital dermatitis (benign footrot) to severe underrunning of the horn of the hoof (virulent footrot). the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between d. nodosus strains of differen ... | 2014 | 25271288 |
| differential expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in ovine interdigital dermatitis and footrot. | footrot is a common inflammatory bacterial disease affecting the health and welfare of sheep worldwide. the pathogenesis of footrot is complex and multifactorial. the primary causal pathogen is the anaerobic bacterium dichelobacter nodosus, with fusobacterium necrophorum also shown to play a key role in disease. since immune-mediated pathology is implicated, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of the host response in interdigital dermatitis (id) and footrot. we compared the expr ... | 2014 | 25124770 |
| dynamics and impact of footrot and climate on hoof horn length in 50 ewes from one farm over a period of 10 months. | footrot, including interdigital dermatitis, is caused by dichelobacter nodosus cause the majority of lameness in sheep in the uk. lame sheep often have overgrown hoof horn but recent evidence has indicated that trimming overgrown hoof horn increases recovery time, and that routine foot trimming of the flock does not reduce the prevalence or incidence of lameness. the objectives of this study were to investigate the temporal associations between hoof horn length, footrot and climate. fifty multip ... | 2014 | 24973007 |
| contagious ovine digital dermatitis: an emerging disease. | the novel sheep disease, contagious ovine digital dermatitis (codd) was first described in the uk in 1997. the disease is characterised by severe lameness associated with initial inflammation at the coronary band, followed by progressive separation of the hoof capsule from the underlying tissue. on microbiological examination, treponeme bacteria have been frequently isolated from cases of codd, including treponemes phylogenetically identical to those associated with bovine digital dermatitis (bd ... | 2014 | 24973004 |
| a recently introduced dichelobacter nodosus strain caused an outbreak of footrot in norway. | in 2008, an outbreak of ovine footrot occurred in norway. dichelobacter nodosus isolates collected between 2008 and 2011 have been characterised. isolates defined as virulent by the gelatin gel test (gg-test) were only found in sheep in rogaland county, where the severe cases of footrot were registered. the majority (96%) of the virulent isolates belonged to serogroup a. it is suspected that they represent a newly introduced strain, and the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ... | 2014 | 24886510 |
| prevalence of ovine footrot in the tropical climate of southern india and isolation and characterisation of dichelobacter nodosus. | the present communication records the first determination of the prevalence of footrot in the unexpected situation of the tropical climate of andhra pradesh and tamil nadu, two states in southern india where the maximum temperature rises to 42 degrees c. in total, 73 outbreaks of footrot in nellore brown sheep were investigated in 11 districts of andhra pradesh and one district of tamil nadu during the period march 2009 to march 2011.the overall prevalence of ovine footrot was 15%, with severity ... | 2013 | 24761738 |
| footrot vaccines and vaccination. | research on footrot in small ruminants, which is caused by dichelobacter nodosus, has led to development of vaccines and their application for control, treatment and eradication of the disease in sheep. footrot vaccines have evolved over decades to contain monovalent whole cell, multivalent recombinant fimbrial, and finally mono or bivalent recombinant fimbrial antigens. initially whole cell vaccines made against the few known serogroups of d. nodosus were found to be inefficient in control of t ... | 2014 | 24736003 |
| a longitudinal study of the role of dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum load in initiation and severity of footrot in sheep. | footrot is an infectious bacterial disease of sheep that causes lameness. the causal agent is dichelobacter nodosus. there is debate regarding the role of fusobacterium necrophorum in disease initiation. this research used an observational longitudinal study of footrot, together with quantitative pcr (qpcr) of bacterial load of d. nodosus and f. necrophorum, to elucidate the roles of each species in the development of disease. all feet of 18 a priori selected sheep were monitored for five weeks ... | 2014 | 24703249 |
| cross-infection of virulent dichelobacter nodosus between sheep and co-grazing cattle. | dichelobacter nodosus is the main aetiological agent of ovine footrot and the bacterium has also been associated with interdigital dermatitis is cattle. the aim of this study was to investigate possible cross-infection of virulent d. nodosus between sheep and co-grazing cattle. five farms, where sheep previously diagnosed with virulent d. nodosus were co-grazing with cattle for different periods of time, were included. the study sample consisted of 200 cows and 50 sheep. all cows were examined f ... | 2014 | 24698131 |
| field studies on the elimination of footrot in sheep through whole flock treatments with gamithromycin. | | 2014 | 24477473 |
| simultaneous detection and discrimination of virulent and benign dichelobacter nodosus in sheep of flocks affected by foot rot and in clinically healthy flocks by competitive real-time pcr. | ovine foot rot caused by dichelobacter nodosus is affecting sheep worldwide. the current diagnostic methods are difficult and cumbersome. here, we present a competitive real-time pcr based on allelic discrimination of the protease genes aprv2 and aprb2. this method allows direct detection and differentiation of virulent and benign d. nodosus from interdigital skin swabs in a single test. clinically affected sheep harbored high loads of only virulent strains, whereas healthy sheep had lower loads ... | 2014 | 24452162 |
| molecular genetic analysis of dichelobacter nodosus proteases aprv2/b2, aprv5/b5 and bprv/b in clinical material from european sheep flocks. | dichelobacter nodosus, the etiological agent of ovine footrot, exists both as virulent and as benign strains, which differ in virulence mainly due to subtle differences in the three subtilisin-like proteases aprv2, aprv5 and bprv found in virulent, and aprb2, aprb5 and bprb in benign strains of d. nodosus. our objective was a molecular genetic epidemiological analysis of the genes of these proteases by direct sequence analysis from clinical material of sheep from herds with and without history o ... | 2014 | 24332828 |
| a longitudinal study of the risks for introduction of severe footrot into sheep flocks in the south west of norway. | in 2008, ovine footrot was detected in norway for the first time since 1948. by december 2012 it had spread to 99 flocks, all in the county of rogaland in the south west of norway, and 42% of which were located in the municipality of rennesøy in rogaland. the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for contracting severe footrot in flocks of sheep. a flock was considered positive for severe footrot based on positive virulence test or by clinical signs in addition to a positive pcr test ... | 2014 | 24315430 |
| interdigital dermatitis, heel horn erosion, and digital dermatitis in 14 norwegian dairy herds. | the aim of this study was to assess infectious foot diseases, including identification and characterization of dichelobacter nodosus and treponema spp., in herds having problems with interdigital dermatitis (id) and heel horn erosion (e) and in control herds expected to have few problems. we also wanted to compare diseased and healthy cows in all herds. the study included 14 dairy herds with a total of 633 cows. eight herds had a history of id and e, and 6 were control herds. all cows were score ... | 2013 | 24140335 |
| multiple locus vntr analysis highlights that geographical clustering and distribution of dichelobacter nodosus, the causal agent of footrot in sheep, correlates with inter-country movements. | dichelobacter nodosus is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium and the causal agent of footrot in sheep. multiple locus variable number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) is a portable technique that involves the identification and enumeration of polymorphic tandem repeats across the genome. the aims of this study were to develop an mlva scheme for d. nodosus suitable for use as a molecular typing tool, and to apply it to a global collection of isolates. seventy-seven isolates selected from reg ... | 2014 | 23748018 |
| non-specificity of primers used for pcr based serogrouping of dichelobacter nodosus and identification of a novel d. nodosus strain. | the present study records the first case of non-specificity of typing primers developed by dhungyel et al. a strain of dichelobacter nodosus (jks-20g) isolated from ovine footrot in kashmir, india, showed specificity for serogroup c and g primers. the fima sequence of the strain turned out to be closer to serogroup g than c. the nucleotide sequence showed maximum homology of 92% with that of serotype g1 strain 238 and 95% with partial sequence available for serotype g2 strain vcs 1004. however, ... | 2013 | 23542117 |
| outbreak-specific monovalent/bivalent vaccination to control and eradicate virulent ovine footrot. | footrot is a contagious disease of small ruminants which is caused by the bacterium dichelobacter nodosus. in its virulent form there are severe economic losses and a very significant animal welfare issue. sheep and goats can be vaccinated for treatment and prevention of the disease. there are 10 different serogroups of d. nodosus (a-i and m) and immunity is serogroup-specific. when all 10 serogroups are presented together in a vaccine, protection persists for only a few months due to "antigenic ... | 2013 | 23395621 |
| an evaluation of the ability of dichelobacter nodosus to survive in soil. | dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of footrot in sheep. the survival of the bacterium in soil is of importance for the epidemiology of the disease. the investigation evaluates the survival of d. nodosus in soil with and without added hoof powder stored under different temperatures. | 2013 | 23343097 |
| characterisation of dichelobacter nodosus isolates from norway. | an outbreak of ovine footrot in norway in 2008, the first reported since 1948, prompted action to investigate norwegian isolates of dichelobacter nodosus. a total of 579 isolates from 124 different farms were characterised. these included 519 isolates from sheep, 52 isolates from cattle and 8 isolates from goats. the potential virulence of the isolates was assessed by the gelatin gel test (gg-test) and the elastin agar test, that test the heat stability and elastase activity of bacterial proteas ... | 2013 | 23332560 |
| comparative study of the commonly used virulence tests for laboratory diagnosis of ovine footrot caused by dichelobacter nodosus in australia. | footrot in sheep and goats is expressed as a spectrum of clinical entities ranging from benign, which is a self limiting interdigital dermatitis to highly virulent, in which severe under running of the horn of the hoof occurs. interactions between the host, the virulence of the causative strain of dichelobacter nodosus and environmental conditions determine the severity of the disease. clinical diagnosis of virulent footrot, which a notifiable disease in some states of australia, is not always s ... | 2013 | 23084506 |
| infection dynamics of digital dermatitis in first-lactation holstein cows in an infected herd. | digital dermatitis (dd) refers to painful lesions primarily affecting the skin in the interdigital region of dairy cattle. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of dd in 39 cows, observed at approximately 3-d intervals, for the first 6 mo of lactation. specifically, the study aimed at evaluating different levels of dd susceptibility in cows, identifying the bacterial colonization of the interdigital skin, and exploring the relationship between clinical dd diagnosis and laborator ... | 2012 | 22939796 |
| fusobacterium necrophorum, and not dichelobacter nodosus, is associated with equine hoof thrush. | the aim of this study was to determine which of the two species, fusobacterium necrophorum or dichelobacter nodosus, are associated with hoof thrush in horses. fourteen hoof samples, collected from eight horses with thrush and 14 samples collected from eight horses with healthy hooves, were examined for the presence of f. necrophorum, fusobacterium equinum and d. nodosus. only isolates with phenotypic characteristics representing fusobacterium could be cultured. total dna extracted from the 28 h ... | 2013 | 22909990 |
| bovine digital dermatitis: possible pathogenic consortium consisting of dichelobacter nodosus and multiple treponema species. | bovine digital dermatitis (dd) is a multifactorial disease involving at least one or more treponemal species. virulent phylotypes of treponema and other infectious agents contributing to disease etiology still remain to be identified. this study addressed these questions by analyzing the prevalence and distribution of seventeen phylotypes of treponema in dd lesions by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) applying species/phylotype-specific oligonucleotide probes. in situ hybridization for di ... | 2012 | 22698300 |
| possible cross-infection of dichelobacter nodosus between co-grazing sheep and cattle. | the aim of this study was to investigate possible cross-infection of dichelobacter nodosus in norwegian farms practising co-grazing of sheep and cattle. | 2012 | 22458248 |
| artificial infection of sheep with multiple strains of dichelobacter nodosus to induce footrot. | to establish multiple strains of dichelobacter nodosus in two flocks of sheep and to assess the virulence of five of these strains. | 2017 | 28749020 |
| epidemiological and economic evaluation of alternative on-farm management scenarios for ovine footrot in switzerland. | footrot is a multifactorial infectious disease mostly affecting sheep, caused by the bacteria dichelobacter nodosus. it causes painful feet lesions resulting in animal welfare issues, weight loss, and reduced wool production, which leads to a considerable economic burden in animal production. in switzerland, the disease is endemic and mandatory coordinated control programs exist only in some parts of the country. this study aimed to compare two nationwide control strategies and a no intervention ... | 2017 | 28560223 |
| within-flock population dynamics of dichelobacter nodosus. | footrot causes 70-90% of lameness in sheep in great britain. with approximately 5% of 18 million adult sheep lame at any one time, it costs the uk sheep industry £24-84 million per year. the gram-negative anaerobe dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent, with disease severity influenced by bacterial load, virulence, and climate. the aim of the current study was to characterize strains of d. nodosus isolated by culture of swabs from healthy and diseased feet of 99 ewes kept as a closed flock ... | 2017 | 28484704 |
| mathematical modeling of ovine footrot in the uk: the effect of dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum on the disease dynamics. | dichelobacter nodosus is a virulent, invasive, anaerobic bacterium that is believed to be the causative agent of ovine footrot, an infectious bacterial disease of sheep that causes lameness. another anaerobe, fusobacterium necrophorum, has been intimately linked with the disease occurrence and severity. here we examine data from a longitudinal study of footrot on one uk farm, including quantitative pcr (qpcr) estimates of bacterial load of d. nodosus and f. necrophorum. the data is at foot level ... | 2017 | 28461081 |