| studies on the so-called x-factor common to proteus ox19, rickettsia prowazeki and rickettsia mooseri, especially on the relation of the factor to blood group b specific substance. | | 1949 | 18128656 |
| three rickettsioses, darnley island, australia. | we report 3 rickettsioses on darnley island, australia, in the torres strait. in addition to previously described cases of flinders island spotted fever (rickettsia honei strain "marmionii"), we describe 1 case of queensland tick typhus (r. australis) and 2 cases of scrub typhus caused by a unique strain (orientia tsutsugamushi). | 2007 | 18214193 |
| prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in different regions of serbia. | we assayed the presence of antibodies specific for rickettsia typhi, r. akari, and r. conorii in sera of persons from several localities in serbia with different geographic, climatic, and lifestyle characteristics. sera from 140 patients with unclear clinical symptoms and 273 healthy persons were tested for the presence of rickettsiae-specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. in this study, for the first time we detected the presence of rickettsiae from the spotted fever group in ... | 2008 | 18240971 |
| murine typhus in caldas, colombia. | in the north of caldas, colombia, febrile syndromes with positive weil-felix reactions have been reported as murine typhus to the national health authorities. we used indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of serial paired samples to confirm the diagnosis of murine typhus in 14 of 120 patients with a compatible febrile syndrome. | 2008 | 18256438 |
| murine typhus: an unrecognized suburban vectorborne disease. | murine typhus, an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsia typhi, is distributed worldwide. mainly transmitted by the fleas of rodents, it is associated with cities and ports where urban rats (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) are abundant. in the united states, cases are concentrated in suburban areas of texas and california. contrary to the classic rat-flea-rat cycle, the most important reservoirs of infection in these areas are opossums and cats. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, has ... | 2008 | 18260783 |
| serological reactivity and biochemical characterization of methylated and unmethylated forms of a recombinant protein fragment derived from outer membrane protein b of rickettsia typhi. | rickettsia typhi, an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes murine typhus, possesses a heavily methylated outer membrane protein b (ompb) antigen. this immunodominant antigen is responsible for serological reactions and is capable of eliciting protective immune responses with a guinea pig model. western blot analysis of partially digested ompb with patient sera revealed that most of the reactive fragments are larger than 20 kda. one of these fragments, which is located at the n terminus (a ... | 2008 | 18287575 |
| genome-wide screen for temperature-regulated genes of the obligate intracellular bacterium, rickettsia typhi. | the ability of rickettsiae to survive in multiple eukaryotic host environments provides a good model for studying pathogen-host molecular interactions. rickettsia typhi, the etiologic agent of murine typhus, is a strictly intracellular gram negative alpha-proteobacterium, which is transmitted to humans by its arthropod vector, the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis. thus, r. typhi must cycle between mammalian and flea hosts, two drastically different environments. we hypothesize that temperat ... | 2008 | 18412961 |
| rickettsial seroepidemiology among farm workers, tianjin, people's republic of china. | high seroprevalence rates for anaplasma phagocytophilum (8.8%), coxiella burnetii (6.4%), bartonella henselae (9.6%), and rickettsia typhi (4.1%) in 365 farm workers near tianjin, people's republic of china, suggest that human infections with these zoonotic bacteria are frequent and largely unrecognized. demographic features of seropositive persons suggest distinct epidemiology, ecology, and risks. | 2008 | 18507907 |
| a case of murine typhus associated with large vessel infarct of the spleen. | we present a case of rickettsia typhi infection (the causative agent of endemic typhus) associated with an isolated splenic infarction. large vessel infarction is a rare complication of murine typhus, unlike infections caused by rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia conorii (the spotted fever group rickettsias) which are known to cause hemostatic changes that lead to coagulopathies and thrombotic events. this case adds to the scarce data in the literature on the association between large vessels ... | 2008 | 18552585 |
| detection of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial infection in wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in chonbuk province, korea. | both the spotted fever and the typhus group rickettsioses are potential emerging arthropod-borne infectious disease complexes in korea. wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) sheltered at the korean society for the protection of wild animals, chonbuk branch, korea, were sampled for the presence of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial pathogens. thirty-six serum samples of wild raccoon dogs were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using type-specific yh strain ... | 2008 | 18634203 |
| characterization of sec-translocon-dependent extracytoplasmic proteins of rickettsia typhi. | as obligate intracellular, vector-borne bacteria, rickettsiae must adapt to both mammalian and arthropod host cell environments. deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between rickettsiae and their host cells has largely been hindered by the genetic intractability of these organisms; however, research in other gram-negative pathogens has demonstrated that many bacterial determinants of attachment, entry, and pathogenesis are extracytoplasmic proteins. the annotations of several ... | 2008 | 18641131 |
| serological evidence of typhus group rickettsia in a homeless population in houston, texas. | we tested sera from 176 homeless people in houston for antibodies against typhus group rickettsiae (tgr). sera from 19 homeless people were reactive to tgr antigens by elisa and ifa. two people had antibodies against rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus) and the remaining 17 had antibodies against rickettsia typhi (murine typhus). | 2008 | 18697325 |
| rickettsia typhi and r. felis in rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis), oahu, hawaii. | rickettsia typhi (prevalence 1.9%) and r. felis (prevalence 24.8%) dna were detected in rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis) collected from mice on oahu island, hawaii. the low prevalence of r. typhi on oahu suggests that r. felis may be a more common cause of rickettsiosis than r. typhi in hawaii. | 2008 | 18826827 |
| murine typhus and febrile illness, nepal. | murine typhus was diagnosed by pcr in 50 (7%) of 756 adults with febrile illness seeking treatment at patan hospital in kathmandu, nepal. of patients with murine typhus, 64% were women, 86% were residents of kathmandu, and 90% were unwell during the winter. no characteristics clearly distinguished typhus patients from those with blood culture-positive enteric fever. | 2008 | 18826840 |
| the antirickettsial effect of thionine dyes; on the mode of action of the thionine dyes in combating experimental infections of mice with rickettsia orientalis and rickettsia mooseri. | | 1948 | 18901429 |
| [investigation on the epidemiology of far-east tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of china]. | to study the infection rate, epidemiological features of far-east tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of china and to provide evidence for prevention and control. | 2008 | 19173957 |
| [detection of co-infection with lyme spirochetes and spotted fever group rickettsiae in a group of haemaphysalis longicornis]. | the present study was conducted to investigate the infection of lyme disease, spotted fever, ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosisin) in wild animals and ticks in the mountain areas of zhejiang province. | 2008 | 19173967 |
| serologic study of rickettsia typhi infection among the human population of southern spain. | | 2009 | 19374644 |
| detection of rickettsia felis and rickettsia typhi in an area of california endemic for murine typhus. | | 2009 | 19374645 |
| murine typhus in children: clinical and laboratory features from 41 cases in crete, greece. | | 2009 | 19374652 |
| seroprevalence of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in dogs from north-eastern spain. | | 2009 | 19392898 |
| comparison of indirect immunofluorescence assays for diagnosis of scrub typhus and murine typhus using venous blood and finger prick filter paper blood spots. | we performed indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifas) to compare levels of igm and igg antibodies to orientia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia typhi in admission-phase serum samples and filter paper blood spots (assayed immediately and stored at 5.4 degrees c and 29 degrees c for 30 days) collected on the same day from 53 adults with suspected scrub typhus and murine typhus admitted to mahosot hospital vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. the sensitivities and specificities of admission-pha ... | 2009 | 19407134 |
| ocular manifestations associated with murine typhus. | to characterise and analyse ocular manifestations associated with acute murine typhus (mt), an infectious disease caused by rickettsia typhi. | 2009 | 19414440 |
| murine typhus in child, yucatan, mexico. | a case of murine typhus in yucatan was diagnosed in a child with nonspecific signs and symptoms. the finding of rickettsia typhi increases the number of rickettsia species identified in yucatan and shows that studies are needed to determine the prevalence and incidence of rickettsioses in mexico. | 2009 | 19523307 |
| murine typhus and leptospirosis as causes of acute undifferentiated fever, indonesia. | to investigate rickettsioses and leptospirosis among urban residents of semarang, indonesia, we tested the blood of 137 patients with fever. evidence of rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus, was found in 9 patients. another 9 patients showed inconclusive serologic results. thirteen patients received a diagnosis of leptospirosis. no dual infections were detected. | 2009 | 19523308 |
| prediction of rickettsial skin eschars in humans using an experimental guinea pig model. | until now, when a new rickettsia species was isolated in a tick, it was not possible to predict whether it was a human pathogen or if it would cause a skin eschar at the infection site. guinea pigs are injected intradermally with 25 different rickettsia species or subspecies: 16 induced an eschar, 5 induced inflammatory lesions and 4 have no effect. we observed that the occurrence of skin eschars in this model was significantly correlated (p <0.05) with observations of skin eschars in humans (14 ... | 2009 | 19527779 |
| ecology of rickettsia in south america. | until the year 2000, only three rickettsia species were known in south america: (i) rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by the ticks amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma aureolatum, reported in colombia, argentina, and brazil, where it is the etiological agent of rocky mountain spotted fever; (ii) rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by body lice and causing epidemic typhus in highland areas, mainly in peru; (iii) rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas and causing endemic typhus in many countries. d ... | 2009 | 19538276 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in fleas from algeria. | | 2009 | 19548988 |
| [experimental study of the inoculative transmission of rickettsia typhi by gamasid mites (gamasidae) ornithonyssus bacoti]. | the authors' studies have established that the concentration of rickettsia typhi may increase about 100-fold in the infected ornithonyssus bacoti mites. at the time, when on feeding 20 to 200 adult mites on guinea-pigs and albino rats 4 to 36 days after inoculation, they did not transmit rickettsia typhi on blood sucking. | 2009 | 19566066 |
| a teenager with prolonged fever. | | 2009 | 19633527 |
| outbreak of rickettsia typhi infection - austin, texas, 2008. | murine typhus is a fleaborne rickettsial disease caused by the organism rickettsia typhi. symptoms include fever, headache, chills, vomiting, nausea, myalgia, and rash. although murine typhus is endemic in southern texas, only two cases had been reported during the past 10 years from austin, located in central texas. on august 8, 2008, the austin/travis county department of health and human services (atcdhhs) contacted the texas department of state health services (tdshs) concerning a cluster of ... | 2009 | 19940832 |
| analysis of rickettsia typhi-infected and uninfected cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) midgut cdna libraries: deciphering molecular pathways involved in host response to r. typhi infection. | murine typhus is a flea-borne febrile illness that is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, rickettsia typhi. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, acquires r. typhi by imbibing a bloodmeal from a rickettsemic vertebrate host. to explore which transcripts are expressed in the midgut in response to challenge with r. typhi, cdna libraries of r. typhi-infected and uninfected midguts of c. felis were constructed. in this study, we examined midgut transcript levels for select c. felis serine ... | 2010 | 20017753 |
| epidemiological study of rickettsial infections in patients with hypertransaminemia in madrid (spain). | a retrospective analysis was performed to detect anti-rickettsial antibodies in the serum of patients with hypertransaminemia of unknown etiology, and in that of healthy members of the general population of madrid (spain). among 143 patients 16 (11.2%) were positive for anti-r. conorii igg antibodies and 7% for r. typhi. pcr analysis was performed in patients with igm antibodies. among 143 healthy subjects from the general population, seven (4.9%) were positive for anti-r. conorii igg antibodies ... | 2009 | 20054452 |
| fibrin ring granulomas in rickettsia typhi infection. | we describe a 71-year-old man hospitalized for fever and productive cough. laboratory investigation showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, hyponatremia, and hypoalbuminemia. computerized tomography of the abdomen, thorax, and sinuses, echocardiography, and a gallium scan did not reveal the source of the fever. the patient remained febrile despite courses of piperacillin-tazobactam/azithromycin and ceftriaxone/vancomycin. a bone marrow biopsy showed fibrin ring granulomas, and 2 ... | 2010 | 20071129 |
| detection of rickettsia typhi and seasonal prevalence of fleas collected from small mammals in the republic of korea. | fleas were collected from live-captured small mammals to identify potential flea-borne pathogens, seasonal prevalence of flea species, and host preference as part of the us military rodent-borne diseases surveillance program conducted at one us military installation and 10 military training sites, northern gyeonggi province, republic of korea. during 2003-04, 948 fleas (563 females and 385 males) were recovered from 2,742 small mammals (seven rodent and one insectivore species). apodemus agrariu ... | 2010 | 20090029 |
| the changing etiology of fever of intermediate duration. | fever of intermediate duration (fid) is a common condition. currently, its most frequent causes are not well defined. | 2010 | 20153558 |
| murine typhus in pregnancy. | murine typhus is widely reported in tropical and subtropical areas, especially coastal and port cities. we describe an interesting case of murine typhus in a 26-year-old woman at 26 weeks of gestation treated with ampicillin with a good response. the serology testing for murine typhus was reported after ampicillin was empirically started, and the patient's symptoms were already resolving. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of murine typhus during pregnancy reported in th ... | 2010 | 20186042 |
| review of microarray studies for host-intracellular pathogen interactions. | obligate intracellular bacteria are privileged soldiers on the battlefield that represent host-pathogen interactions. microarrays are a powerful technology that can increase our knowledge about how bacteria respond to and interact with their hosts. this review summarizes the limitations inherent to host-pathogen interaction studies and essential strategies to improve microarray investigations of intracellular bacteria. we have compiled the comparative genomic and gene expression analyses of obli ... | 2010 | 20188126 |
| murine typhus in austin, texas, usa, 2008. | in august 2008, texas authorities and the centers for disease control and prevention investigated reports of increased numbers of febrile rash illnesses in austin to confirm the causative agent as rickettsia typhi, to assess the outbreak magnitude and illness severity, and to identify potential animal reservoirs and peridomestic factors that may have contributed to disease emergence. thirty-three human cases of confirmed murine typhus were identified. illness onset was reported from march to oct ... | 2010 | 20202415 |
| functional characterization of a phospholipase a(2) homolog from rickettsia typhi. | phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) has long been proposed to be involved in rickettsial entry into host cells, escape from the phagosome to evade destruction by lysosomal exposure, and lysis of the host cells. however, the corresponding rickettsial gene(s) encoding a protein with pla(2) activity has not been identified or functionally characterized. here, we report that the rickettsia typhi genome possesses two genes encoding patatin-like pla(2) proteins, rt0590 and rt0522. sequence analysis of rt0522 ... | 2010 | 20435729 |
| murine typhus in a pregnant woman. | murine typhus is a flea-borne disease caused by rickettsia typhi. although uncommon in most of the united states, it is endemic in southern california. most cases are unrecognized given its nonspecific viral symptoms and rare complications. | 2010 | 20664448 |
| accuracy of rapid igm-based immunochromatographic and immunoblot assays for diagnosis of acute scrub typhus and murine typhus infections in laos. | we studied the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) for detection of igm against scrub typhus (st ict) and an immunoblot test for the detection of igm against murine typhus (mt ibt) by using admission serum samples from 1,030 febrile patients in laos. sensitivity and specificity for the st ict determined by using the diagnostic criteria of a four-fold increase in igm against orientia tsutsugamushi between paired samples were 23.8% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 15.9-3 ... | 2010 | 20682883 |
| rats as indicators of the presence and dispersal of six zoonotic microbial agents in cyprus, an island ecosystem: a seroepidemiological study. | a total of 622 rats (402 rattus norvegicus and 220 r. rattus frugivorus) were collected in 51 different areas in cyprus during 2000-2003 and used as indicators of the presence and dispersal of six zoonotic microbial agents. igg antibodies against rickettsia typhi (241/496, 48.6%), r. conorii (209/500, 41.8%), toxoplasma sp. (138/494, 27.9%), coxiella burnetti (63/494, 12.8%), bartonella henselae (52/494, 10.5%) and leishmania infantum (36/494, 7.3%) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence t ... | 2010 | 20870259 |
| first detection of human infection with rickettsia felis in israel. | | 2010 | 20881761 |
| murine typhus as a cause of fever in travelers from tunisia and mediterranean areas. | travelers are exposed to a variety of health risks in unfamiliar environments and fever is a common problem in patients returning from travel abroad. rickettsial diseases are increasingly frequently being reported among international travelers. here we present cases of rickettsia typhi infection, the agent of murine typhus, that were identified in our laboratory the last year, in travelers from tunisia. | 2010 | 20920051 |
| murine typhus in two travelers returning from bali, indonesia: an underdiagnosed disease. | two japanese travelers from bali were diagnosed with murine typhus in japan during the same period. although one had only mild illness, the other experienced liver and kidney dysfunction. murine typhus may be missed not only in endemic areas around the world, but also in travelers, especially those returning from marine resorts in these areas. | 2010 | 20920060 |
| [gastroenteritis with fever, headache and rash after travelling in india]. | a 63-year-old patient presented to our emergency unit two days after returning from india suffering from watery diarrhea, nausea, fever and headache. on admission we found a maculopapular rash on his trunk and forehead. laboratory findings revealed a leuko-thrombopenia and elevated levels of crp and procalcitonin. we started treatment with ciprofloxacin. after 48 hours of treatment the diarrhea subsided, whereas the rush on his trunk increased. under the suspicion of rickettsial fever we started ... | 2011 | 20945058 |
| [not available]. | | 1945 | 21023473 |
| [not available]. | | 1945 | 21023477 |
| rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in xenopsylla cheopis and leptopsylla segnis parasitizing rats in cyprus. | fleas collected from rats during a three-year period (2000-2003) in 51 areas of all provinces of cyprus were tested by molecular analysis to characterize the prevalence and identity of fleaborne rickettsiae. rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, was detected in xenopsylla cheopis (4%) and in leptopsylla segnis (6.6%). rickettsia felis was detected in x. cheopis (1%). this is the first report of r. typhi in x. cheopis and l. segnis from rats, in cyprus, and the first report of r ... | 2010 | 21118938 |
| rickettsia typhi infection with interstitial pneumonia in a traveler treated with moxifloxacin. | rickettsial diseases may play an important part in the differential diagnosis of fever in returned travelers. the initial empirical treatment needs to take rickettsia species into consideration to avoid the development of life-threatening courses. here, we present a case of interstitial pneumonia associated with rickettsia typhi infection treated with moxifloxacin. | 2010 | 21123528 |
| urban focus of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in los angeles, california. | abstract classic murine typhus, caused by rickettsia typhi, is endemic in the continental united states in areas of texas and southern california. we conducted an environmental investigation in an urban area of los angeles identified as the probable exposure site for a case of murine typhus. four rattus norvegicus heavily infested with xenopsylla cheopis (average 32.5 fleas per animal, range 20-42) were trapped, and fleas, blood, and tissues were collected. dnas from all specimens were tested fo ... | 2010 | 21142968 |
| contrasting spatial distribution and risk factors for past infection with scrub typhus and murine typhus in vientiane city, lao pdr. | the aetiological diagnostic of fevers in laos remains difficult due to limited laboratory diagnostic facilities. however, it has recently become apparent that both scrub and murine typhus are common causes of previous undiagnosed fever. epidemiological data suggests that scrub typhus would be more common in rural areas and murine typhus in urban areas, but there is very little recent information on factors involved in scrub and murine typhus transmission, especially where they are sympatric - as ... | 2010 | 21151880 |
| rickettsial infections of fleas collected from small mammals on four islands in indonesia. | ectoparasites were sampled from small mammals collected in west java, west sumatra, north sulawesi, and east kalimantan, indonesia, in 2007-2008 and were screened for evidence of infection from bacteria in the rickettsaceae family. during eight trap nights at eight sites, 208 fleas were collected from 96 of 507 small mammals trapped from four orders (379 rodentia; 123 soricomorpha; two carnivora; three scandentia). two species of fleas were collected: xenopsylla cheopis (n = 204) and nosopsyllus ... | 2010 | 21175069 |
| a cluster of pediatric endemic typhus cases in orange county, california. | murine typhus is typically a mild febrile illness caused by rickettsia typhi, generally con?ned to texas and southern california. clinicians should consider early treatment with doxycycline when presented with a child having protracted fever, rash, and headache.we present 5 pediatric cases and a literature review highlighting the changing epidemiology and diagnostic dif?culty of typhus. | 2011 | 21298850 |
| [bilateral anterior uveitis and rickettsia typhi infection]. | | 2011 | 21324556 |
| structural features of lipid a-áof rickettsia typhi. | lipid a isolated from the rickettsia typhi lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated for its composition and structure using chemical analyses, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and electrospray ionization (esi) combined with the tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). our studies revealed a noticeable compositional and structural heterogeneity of lipid a with respect to the content of phosphate groups and the degree of acylation. it appeared that at least two molecular species were presen ... | 2011 | 21434703 |
| [sero-epidemiological investigation on rickettsia typhi, bartonella henselae and orientia tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of tianjin, 2007 - 2009.] | objective: to study the sero-epidemiological status regarding rickettsia (r.) typhi, bartonella (b.) henselae and orientia (o.) tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of tianjin. methods: field epidemiological surveys were performed in 8 districts (county) of tianjin city from 2007 to 2009. 886 farmers were randomly recruited and their serum samples collected to detect the specific antibodies of r. typhi, b. henselae and o. tsutsugamushi by micro-indirect immunoflorescence (ifa). results: the ... | 2011 | 21457660 |
| [an outbreak of endemic typhus in baoshan city, yunnan province.] | objective: to understand the epidemiologic characteristics of endemic typhus in baoshan city. methods: epidemiological data were collected and characteristics were analyzed. igg antibody (ab) of rickettsia mooseri and orientia tsutsugamushi in serum of patients were tested using both weil-felix and ifa method. the rickettsia mooseri glta gene, rickettsia prowazekii glta gene, orientia tsutsugamushi 56 kda protein gene, sfgr ompa gene, ehrlichia sp. 16s rrna gene and anaplasma sp. 16s rrna gene i ... | 2011 | 21518541 |
| detection of rickettsia felis and rickettsia typhi and seasonal prevalence of fleas collected from small mammals at gyeonggi province in the republic of korea. | abstract fleas were collected from live-captured small mammals to identify flea-borne pathogens, host associations, and seasonal prevalence of flea species, as part of the 65th medical brigade rodent-borne disease surveillance program at 20 military installations and training sites, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, 2005-2007. a total of 1251 fleas were recovered from 2833 small mammals. apodemus agrarius, the striped field mouse, accounted for 93.1% (2,637/2,833) of all small mammals captur ... | 2011 | 21612536 |
| seroprevalence of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia conorii infections in the canary islands (spain). | objective: the aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of past infection due to rickettsia typhi and rickettsia conorii in the canary islands (spain). methods: a representative sample of the population of the seven islands, formed of 662 people aged between 5 and 75 years (368 females, 294 males), was analyzed. epidemiological data were obtained by direct survey. the detection of serum igg antibodies against both microorganisms was based on an indirect immunofluorescence test, considered ... | 2011 | 21612963 |
| q fever, spotted fever group, and typhus group rickettsioses among hospitalized febrile patients in northern tanzania. | background. the importance of q fever, spotted fever group rickettsiosis (sfgr), and typhus group rickettsiosis (tgr) as causes of febrile illness in sub-saharan africa is unknown; the putative role of q fever as a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfection is unclear. methods. we identified febrile inpatients in moshi, tanzania, from september 2007 through august 2008 and collected acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples. a ≥4-fold increase in immunoglobulin (ig) g immunfluorescence ass ... | 2011 | 21810740 |
| investigation of anaplasmosis in yiyuan county, shandong province, china. | to investigate the situation of anaplasmosis in yiyuan county, shandong province. | 2011 | 21803311 |
| murine typhus returns to new south wales: a case of isolated meningoencephalitis with raised intracranial pressure. | murine typhus (mt) occurs worldwide, but, in australia, is only regularly diagnosed in south-west western australia. meningoencephalitis is an uncommon complication of mt, often accompanied by rash or systemic involvement. we report a case of mt presenting exclusively with meningoencephalitis, raised intracranial pressure, papilloedema and bilateral 6th cranial nerve palsies. mt should be considered in patients with "aseptic" meningitis or meningoencephalitis, even in the absence of other typica ... | 2011 | 21692726 |
| case report: severe typhus group rickettsiosis complicated by pulmonary edema in a returning traveler from indonesia. | we report a severe case of typhus group rickettsiosis in a returning traveler from indonesia. this typically mild illness was characterized by progressive pulmonary edema and prolonged fever, with defervescence 4 days after the commencement of doxycycline. | 2011 | 22144455 |
| coagulation and inflammation in scrub typhus and murine typhus-a prospective comparative study from laos. | clin microbiol infect abstract: scrub typhus (caused by orientia tsutsugamushi) and murine typhus (caused by rickettsia typhi) cause up to 28% of febrile episodes in thailand and laos. the current understanding of coagulation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of these clinically very similar vasculotropic diseases is limited. this study compared human in vivo changes in 15 coagulation, inflammation and endothelial activation markers in prospectively collected admission and follow-up samples o ... | 2011 | 22192733 |
| development of a duplex real-time pcr for the detection of rickettsia spp. and typhus group rickettsia in clinical samples. | molecular diagnosis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may allow earlier diagnosis of rickettsiosis. we developed a duplex real-time pcr that amplifies (1) dna of any rickettsial species and (2) dna of both typhus group rickettsia, that is, rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia typhi. primers and probes were selected to amplify a segment of the 16s rrna gene of rickettsia spp. for the pan-rickettsial pcr and the citrate synthase gene (glta) for the typhus group rickettsia pcr. analyt ... | 2011 | 22098502 |
| postinfectious optic neuropathy in endemic typhus. | endemic typhus (rickettsia typhi), also known as murine typhus, is a flea-borne bacterial disease rarely found in most of the developed world. known ocular manifestations linked to endemic typhus include mild vitritis, retinal lesions, and retinal vascular leakage. optic neuropathy, however, is rarely associated with r. typhi, and postinfectious optic neuropathy is even less common. to highlight this unusual complication, we report a patient who developed postinfectious optic neuropathy a few we ... | 2011 | 21897295 |
| bilateral simultaneous facial palsy following scrub typhus meningitis: a case report and literature review. | scrub typhus is widely distributed across the asia-pacific region, taiwan included. the clinical manifestations and complications of scrub typhus vary and the illness ranges in severity from mild to fatal. the etiology of facial nerve palsy varies and infectious agents have been associated with this condition. rickettsiae species have, however, rarely been reported as the causative agents. we report the case of a 49-year-old man who had fever, malaise, headache, oligouria and tea-colored urine. ... | 2011 | 22208541 |
| protein candidates for the serodiagnosis of rickettsioses. | the laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses is based on serology (reference method), cell culture and/or molecular tools. however, the main drawback of serology is its incapacity to provide identification of rickettsiae at the level of species. the aim of this study was to propose the versatile protein markers able to discriminate the patients with murine typhus from those with mediterranean spotted fever. we have cloned and expressed 20 proteins of rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia rickettsii, ... | 2011 | 22098357 |
| widespread use of real-time pcr for rickettsial diagnosis. | we report 2 years of experience with rickettsial molecular diagnosis using real-time pcr at the french national reference center. all rickettsia genomes available were compared to discover specific sequences to design new sets of primers and probes. the specificity was verified in silico and against a panel of 30 rickettsial species. sensitivity was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions. finally, primers and probes that were both specific and sensitive were routinely used for the diagnosis o ... | 2011 | 22092999 |
| Murine typhus in the homeless. | Homeless populations are particularly exposed to many vector-borne diseases because of their poor living conditions. We tested sera from 299 homeless people recruited in 2010 and 2011 in Marseilles, France for antibodies to Rickettsia typhi by microimmunofluorescence using a titer of 1:25 as a cut-off titer, and we confirmed the results by Western blot and cross-adsorption studies. Sixty-three persons (22%) had antibodies against R. typhi. The murine typhus seroprevalence rates have significantl ... | 2011 | 22093517 |
| Transmission of flea-borne zoonotic agents (*). | Flea-borne zoonoses such as plague (Yersinia pestis) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) caused significant numbers of human cases in the past and remain a public health concern. Other flea-borne human pathogens have emerged recently (e.g., Bartonella henselae, Rickettsia felis), and their mechanisms of transmission and impact on human health are not fully understood. Our review focuses on the ecology and epidemiology of the flea-borne bacterial zoonoses mentioned above with an emphasis on rece ... | 2012 | 21888520 |
| [two travellers suffering from typhus]. | endemic typhus, caused by rickettsia typhi, belongs to the typhus group of the rickettsioses. the disease is prevalent worldwide and is probably an underestimated cause of illness accompanied by fever in travellers, due to its frequently mild presentation and resemblance to diseases like typhoid- or dengue fever. broad-spectrum antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of endemic typhus, but the disease is responsive to doxycycline. | 2011 | 22217240 |
| rickettsia felis infections, new zealand. | to the editor: members of the genus rickettsia have garnered much attention worldwide in recent years with the emergence of newly recognized rickettsioses. in new zealand, only rickettsia typhi and r. felis, belonging to the typhus and spotted fever groups, respectively, have so far been found (1). r. typhi, primarily transmitted by the oriental rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis), has a worldwide distribution and causes murine typhus in humans (2). at the end of 2009, a total of 47 cases of murine ty ... | 2012 | 22261304 |
| murine typhus: an important consideration for the nonspecific febrile illness. | murine typhus is a widely distributed flea-borne infection caused by rickettsia typhi. symptoms of murine typhus are nonspecific and mimic a variety of other infectious diseases. we herein report a case of murine typhus in an area where the broad use of ddt in the mid-20th century has now made it a rare disease. the patient described presented with headache, fever, and a faint macular rash. initial laboratory studies revealed a slight transaminase elevation. further questioning revealed exposure ... | 2012 | 23326268 |
| the role of dogs in the eco-epidemiology of rickettsia typhi, etiological agent of murine typhus. | rickettsia typhi, etiological agent of murine typhus (mt), is transmitted to humans from an animal reservoir through two cycles: a classic rat-flea-rat cycle, and a peridomestic animal cycle. there are not many studies concerning which animals are involved in the peridomestic cycle, and most of them are focused on cats. the aim of this study was to determine the presence of r. typhi in dogs, not only by serological methods but also by direct methods such as culture and molecular detection. two h ... | 2012 | 23290118 |
| two pathogens and one disease: detection and identification of flea-borne rickettsiae in areas endemic for murine typhus in california. | results of an environmental assessment conducted in a newly emergent focus of murine typhus in southern california are described. opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, infested with cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis buché, in the suburban area were abundant. animal and flea specimens were tested for the dna of two flea-borne rickettsiae, rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis. r. felis was commonly detected in fleas collected throughout this area while r. typhi was found at a much lower prevalence ... | 2012 | 23270180 |
| investigation of an outbreak of rickettsial febrile illness in guatemala, 2007. | we describe an outbreak of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiosis that occurred in 2007 in a farming community in southeastern guatemala. we identified 17 cases of an acute febrile illness, among which 10, including two fatalities, were confirmed or probable cases of rickettsial disease (case-fatality proportion 12%). | 2012 | 23266334 |
| [primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. | | 2011 | 3927607 |
| the mechanism of a steroidal aromatization reaction. | | 2014 | 4251998 |
| c.s.f. beta-endorphin in schizophrenia. | | 1999 | 89490 |
| child abuse: does prosecution serve any useful purpose? | | 2006 | 1635513 |
| "raynaud's disease" in migraineurs: one entity or two? | two cases are reported of patients who were diagnosed as having both migraine and raynaud's disease. because they were able to achieve effective control of both headaches and extremity temperature after undergoing a comprehensive approach--utilizing medication, biofeedback, and psychotherapy--it is suggested that both conditions are manifestations of the same disorder. it is recommended that a first step in approaching concurrent diagnoses of this type involve combined treatment as is often used ... | 2006 | 1446993 |
| regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action. | the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ... | 2007 | 1852316 |
| [clinical study of osteoporosis]. | | 2008 | 2614196 |
| [single photon emission computed tomography by using n-isopropyl-p-[123i]-iodoamphetamine and 99mtc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis]. | single photon emission computed tomographies (spects) by using n-isopropyl-p-[123i-imp]-iodo-amphetamine (123i-imp) and 99mtc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mtc-hm-pao) were serially performed in a 70 yrs. old male with herpes simplex encephalitis (hse), and the chronological changes of accumulations were studied. accumulations of both 123i-imp and 99mtc-hm-pao increased initially, and then decreased with the stage of hse being advanced. the sequential appearance of the lesion in hse with 12 ... | 2009 | 2786584 |
| sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. | | 2009 | 2704378 |
| tripelennamine enhances buprenorphine-, but not pentazocine-induced hyperactivity in mice. | the opioid agonist-antagonist pentazocine (1-30 mg/kg) and the partial agonist buprenorphine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) were tested, alone or in combination with the histamine h1-receptor antagonist tripelennamine (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg), on locomotor activity in mice of the cd-1 strain. when given alone, pentazocine produced slight and non-dose-related activity increments, while buprenorphine induced strong and dose-related locomotor stimulation. tripelennamine slightly increased activity by itself and ... | 2011 | 3137594 |
| [gastric carcinoid associated with duodenal diverticulum]. | | 2011 | 3121905 |
| ovarian carcinoma: abdominopelvic irradiation following reexploration. | twenty patients with ovarian cancer, who following reexploration were left with residual disease nodules of less than 2 cm diameter, received abdominopelvic irradiation. of these patients 18 had previous chemotherapy. fifteen patients completed treatment, 13 of whom had prior chemotherapy. six of the 18 patients with invasive tumors were alive and disease free 18-53 months postradiotherapy, while only 4 patients had died at the time of follow-up. no patient with residual nodules greater than 1 c ... | 2011 | 3141249 |
| hypophosphatemia-associated respiratory muscle weakness in a general inpatient population. | although hypophosphatemia has been implicated as a cause of respiratory failure, its impact on respiratory muscle function in patients hospitalized for other reasons remains to be determined. maximal inspiratory pressures (mip) and maximal expiratory pressures (mep) were measured at the bedside in 23 hospitalized patients with serum phosphate levels less than 2.5 mg/dl, and these measurements were repeated daily during phosphate repletion until serum phosphate levels reached the normal range. a ... | 2012 | 3364446 |
| [epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease in guatemala]. | | 2012 | 3269012 |
| [measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors]. | in introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. first the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. the type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording ... | 2008 | 2635572 |
| cyclosporin a inhibits activation-induced cell death in t-cell hybridomas and thymocytes. | one mechanism by which the immune system develops the ability to discriminate self from nonself is the deletion of autoreactive t-cell clones during thymic maturation. the drug cyclosporin a (csa) has been shown to interfere with this process, allowing the escape of normally 'forbidden' t-cell clones and the appearance of autoimmune disease. recently, it has been demonstrated that immature thymocytes undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) upon activation via the t-cell receptor. a similar phe ... | 2009 | 2786609 |
| "evaluable" vs "evaluatable": a postscript. | | 2013 | 3597684 |
| [the university dermatology clinic erlangen till 1945]. | | 2015 | 4914366 |
| [accuracy of fit of castings in relation to impression, model and technical parameters]. | | 2011 | 3044749 |
| serum alkaline phosphatase activity in acrodermatitis enteropathica: an index of the serum zinc level. | a significant positive correlation between serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase levels was demonstrated in four patients suffering from acrodermatitis enterophathica for which they received oral zinc sulphate therapy. in one of the male patients a significant inverse relation between serum zinc and serum copper was found. | 1999 | 84482 |
| porphyria cutanea tarda associated with lymphoma. | three patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and lymphoma were seen at the mayo clinic. in one patient, the signs and symptoms of porphyria cutanea tarda and lymphoma occurred simultaneously, whereas in the other two, the porphyria was seen before the lymphoma occurred, three years before in one and one and a half years before in the other. involvement of liver or marrow was not related to the development of porphyria cutanea tarda in any of the 3 patients. the porphyria cutanea tarda was not eas ... | 1999 | 84468 |