| childhood shigellosis in saudi arabia. | in this study 234 children with shigellosis were evaluated during a 6-year period. the ages ranged from 2 days to 13 years (mean, 3.4 years). sixty percent of the children were in the 1- to 4-year age group. one hundred four children were hospitalized and 130 were outpatients. most cases of shigellosis presented during the months of april-may and september-november. shigella flexneri accounted for 44% and shigella sonnei for 43% of the isolates. susceptibility testing showed that 54% were resist ... | 1992 | 1565538 |
| bioactive polymers: in vitro and in vivo study of controlled release neomycin. | neomycin is coupled on xanthan-a polysaccharide of microbial biosynthesis produced by xanthomonas campestris-through ionic complexation. the kinetics of neomycin release, in vitro, at ph = 8.2 is studied. a controlled release of neomycin, following a zero order kinetics is observed, regardless of the eluent flow. neomycin complexed on xanthan, administered in a unique daily dose to patients suffering from dysentery in the 100 cases taken in study, has shown a high clinical efficiency as compared ... | 1992 | 1573555 |
| occurrence of a large plasmid in a strain of plesiomonas shigelloides with cross-reactivity against shigella sonnei. | the plasmid profile of p. shigelloides svc 01, strain with cross-reactivity with sh. sonnei, (obtained from dr alf lindberg, stockholm university, sweden), was assayed and compared with other local isolates of plesiomonas spp. and also with sh. sonnei. diversity in occurrence of plasmids among different strains of p. shigelloides were observed. further, the svc 01 strain and sh. sonnei differ in their plasmid profile. | 1992 | 1577514 |
| interactions between persons at risk for aids and the general population in denmark. | a nationwide study of sexual behavior was undertaken among 4,680 randomly selected danes aged 18-59 years. the median number of sexual partners (lifetime) was highest for men aged 30-34 years (eight partners) and for women aged 25-29 years (seven partners). after adjustment for age and sex, having had greater than or equal to 5 sexual partners in the past year was strongly associated with living in larger cities, intravenous drug use, and having sex with a prostitute, a bisexual man, an intraven ... | 1992 | 1580235 |
| hla-b27 expression modulates gram-negative bacterial invasion into transfected l cells. | the mechanism by which hla-b27 confers genetic susceptibility to the seronegative spondyloarthropathies ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, and reactive arthritis, is not well understood. the current concept of an extraarticular bacterial infection functioning as the triggering event in a genetically susceptible host suggests the possibility of direct microbial-mhc interaction. we have addressed the role of hla-b27 in microbial-host cell interaction by examining invasion by putatively art ... | 1992 | 1588045 |
| acamprosate modulates synaptosomal gaba transmission in chronically alcoholised rats. | male sprague-dawley rats were pulmonary alcoholised for 30 days. six were treated with acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during alcoholisation. the control nonalcoholised group also received acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during the 30 days. at the end of the experiment, brains areas (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs) were dissected for the study of synaptosomal 3h-gaba uptake. in another experiment, gaba levels were determined in the same areas using hplc with electro ... | 1992 | 1594633 |
| copulatory analgesia in male rats ensues from arousal, motor activity, and genital stimulation: blockage by manipulation and restraint. | the effect of copulation on the vocalization threshold to tail shock (vtts) was assessed in freely-moving, sexually experienced, wistar male rats. mean vtts during the first copulation was 40% above the baseline values and slightly decreased during the first postejaculatory interval (pei; 28% above baseline). vtts mean values further increased during the second copulatory series (93% above baseline and 63% during the pei). testing at the same intervals in noncopulating rats did not induce analge ... | 1992 | 1594675 |
| the no-reflow phenomenon is a post-mortem artifact. | post-ischemic reperfusion impairment, ("no-reflow phenomenon"), was studied in rats subjected to 8-30 minutes of global brain ischemia. during ischemia, rapid and complete loss of cerebral blood flow, eeg and 31p-high energy phosphates (atp/pcr) was observed. brain intravascular perfusion defects were examined by injecting carbon black intravenously in a group of rats with stable cardiopulmonary function and in another group subjected to rapid thoracotomy and intraarterial infusion of the carbon ... | 1992 | 1595393 |
| shigellosis in child day care centers--lexington-fayette county, kentucky, 1991. | in january 1991, the lexington-fayette county (kentucky) health department (lfchd) received three reports of shigella sonnei infections from the university of kentucky microbiology laboratory. the infections occurred in children aged 2-3 years, each of whom attended a different child day care center in lexington-fayette county (population: 200,000). this report summarizes the findings of an investigation by the lfchd and the kentucky department for health services to assess the impact of day car ... | 1992 | 1608391 |
| characterization of the shigella serotype d (s. sonnei) o polysaccharide and the enterobacterial r1 lipopolysaccharide core by use of mouse monoclonal antibodies. | in the course of developing a live vaccine, we generated three murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for shigella sonnei. the specificities of these mab were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analyses with whole cells or purified lipopolysaccharides (lpss) as antigens. two of them are specific for the shigella serotype d o-polysaccharide determinant, whereas one specifically binds to the core hexose region of r1-type lpss. with these mab, it was possible to ana ... | 1992 | 1612742 |
| structural and functional features of cis-acting sequences in the basic replicon of plasmid colib-p9. | we have structurally and functionally analyzed the cis-elements essential for colib-p9 plasmid dna replication. the putative oriv region encompassed a region of 172 base pairs (bp) located 152 bp downstream of the repz gene. a typical dnaa box found in this region proved nonessential for the dna replication of colib-p9. the ssi signal of colib-p9 is a homologue of the g-sites of r1 and r100 plasmids. deletion of the g-site led to 1.5-fold reduction of the copy number, suggesting that although th ... | 1992 | 1614857 |
| effects of developmental changes and early nutrition on cholesterol metabolism in infancy: a review. | plasma cholesterol levels usually range between 50 and 100 mg/dl at birth, with the cholesterol approximately equally distributed between low-density lipoprotein (ldl) and high-density lipoprotein (hdl). plasma cholesterol increases rapidly over the first days after birth, predominantly due to an increase in cholesterol with ldl, irrespective of whether the infant is breast fed or fed with infant formulas. with continued feeding, plasma cholesterol becomes progressively, and significantly, highe ... | 1992 | 1619203 |
| antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the b subunit in sera of patients with shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two israeli patients and one bangladeshi patient with shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind s. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (lps), shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the b subunit of shiga toxin. paired sera from 24 maryland adults with shigella flexneri 2a or shigella sonnei diarrhea serv ... | 1992 | 1629317 |
| the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein by human lymphocytes. | oxidation of low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions may be involved in converting macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells. lesions contain endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. the first three types of cells have been shown previously to modify low density lipoprotein so as to increase its uptake by macrophages. we report here that lymphocytes from human blood are also capable of doing this. the modification process was an oxidative one because there wa ... | 1992 | 1632847 |
| influence of oxygen radicals generating agents on eicosanoid metabolism of human endothelial cells. | human umbilical venous endothelial cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.001-10 mmol/l) of h202 or cumene hydroperoxide. pgi2 was released within the first five minutes, whereas a significant increase in txa2-release was not observed before 10 minutes after stimulation. furthermore the content of intracellular atp and the level of cytosolic free ca2+ were measured. doses of 0.01 mmol/l h202 or cumene hydroperoxide increased the intracellular atp-level. doses higher than 0.1 mmol ... | 1992 | 1636164 |
| [studies of bacterial indicators for water pollution--growth of escherichia coli and enterococci in limited nutrient conditions]. | bacteria, that would be an ideal indicator for fecal contamination in environmental water, should not proliferate but at the same time should survive a little longer than enteropathogenic bacteria in the environmental water. while conventional methods have recommended escherichia coli as an indicator, enterococci is recommended as a preferable indicator for the estimation of fecal contamination based on the following observation. the relationship between the specific growth rate of organism and ... | 1992 | 1638040 |
| from the centers for disease control. shigellosis in child day care centers--lexington-fayette county, kentucky, 1991. | | 1992 | 1640601 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of form i antigen genes of shigella sonnei. | sau3ai-generated dna fragments of the shigella sonnei large plasmid encoding the form i antigen were cloned into escherichia coli with cosmid vector phsg262. one resulting plasmid, designated pjk1137, was studied further. restriction endonuclease mapping and analysis of transposon tn3 insertion mutants demonstrated that the form i antigen genes were located within a region of about 12.6 kb consisting of the two contiguous hindiii fragments of 1.26 kb and 12.4 kb. the results of complementation s ... | 1991 | 1649891 |
| [isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in tenri hospital]. | enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. as the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). several species including salmonella spp., escherichia coli serotype, vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). for the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly ... | 1991 | 1655921 |
| diarrheal disease during operation desert shield. | under combat conditions infectious disease can become a major threat to military forces. during operation desert shield, there were numerous outbreaks of diarrhea among the u.s. forces. to evaluate the causes of and risk factors for diarrheal disease, we collected clinical and epidemiologic data from u.s. troops stationed in northeastern saudi arabia. | 1991 | 1656260 |
| identification of a novel composite transposable element, tn5280, carrying chlorobenzene dioxygenase genes of pseudomonas sp. strain p51. | analysis of one of the regions of catabolic plasmid pp51 which encode chlorobenzene metabolism of pseudomonas sp. strain p51 revealed that the tcba and tcbb genes for chlorobenzene dioxygenase and dehydrogenase are located on a transposable element, tn5280. tn5280 showed the features of a composite bacterial transposon with iso-insertion elements (is1066 and is1067) at each end of the transposon oriented in an inverted position. when a 12-kb hindiii fragment of pp51 containing tn5280 was cloned ... | 1991 | 1657878 |
| molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. | the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ... | 1991 | 1658885 |
| multiple copies of is10 in the enterobacter cloacae md36 chromosome. | repetitive sequences were isolated and characterized as double-stranded dna fragments by treatment with s1 nuclease after denaturation and renaturation of the total dna of enterobacter cloacae md36. one repetitive sequence was identical to the nucleotide sequence of is10-right (is10r), which is the active element in the plasmid-associated transposon tn10. unexpectedly, 15 copies of is10r were found in the chromosomal dna of e. cloacae md36. one copy of the central region of tn10 was found in the ... | 1991 | 1660455 |
| dysentery surveillance. | | 1991 | 1669861 |
| genetic analysis of an invasion region by use of a tn3-lac transposon and identification of a second positive regulator gene, inve, for cell invasion of shigella sonnei: significant homology of inve with parb of plasmid p1. | we have previously cloned two distinct regions of the shigella sonnei form i plasmid pss120, a 37-kilobase-pair dna region and a virf region, which were found to be essential for cell invasion in escherichia coli k-12 (j. kato, k. ito, a. nakamura, and h. watanabe, infect. immun. 57:1391-1398, 1989). the 37-kilobase-pair dna region was randomly inserted by use of transposon tn3-lac. at least eight genes were found to be located within the region, as determined by analysis of tn3-lac-generated la ... | 1990 | 1688841 |
| specific immunoglobulin a-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic s. sonnei. | the ability of bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine strain 5076-1c to stimulate an intestinal immunoglobulin a response in humans was evaluated by detecting gut-derived, trafficking antibody-secreting cells (asc) in peripheral blood. following vaccination, an immunoglobulin a-asc response to o antigens of s. typhi and s. sonnei was observed in 10 of 13 and 13 of 13 vaccine recipients, respectively. experimental challenge with pathogenic s. sonnei stimulated an asc response to the s. ... | 1990 | 1692813 |
| [the significance of the o antigen for the diagnosis of acute sonne dysentery]. | the authors investigated the clinical importance of determination of the o-antigen in coprofiltrates of patients with acute sonne dysentery by means of immunoenzymatic analysis. it was found that use of immunoenzymatic analysis is justified for etiological diagnosis of dysentery as well as with the purpose of forecasting recurrence of the disease. | 1990 | 1697713 |
| monoclonal antibodies to quebec strain (q17) of bovine rotavirus. | fourteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against "quebec" strain (q17) of bovine rotavirus were isolated and characterized. four were specific for viral protein vp7 and ten were specific for viral protein vp6. five different isotypes were represented by this group of antibodies. all of the anti-vp6 and none of the anti-vp7 antibodies were sensitive to the effects of periodate on their antigen. the antibodies could be separated into three groups based on their relative resistance to the dissociation ... | 1990 | 1698323 |
| transient cytokeratin expression in skeletal muscle during murine embryogenesis. | cytokeratin expression was investigated in paravertebral skeletal musculature of 10 d and 18 d old embryos as well as in adult nmri-mice. the muscular nature of the evaluated tissue was evidenced by their expression of vimentin and desmin. binding moieties for cytokeratin antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) could be demonstrated only in muscle cells of 10 d old embryos. concerning subtypes, the mouse equivalents of the human cytokeratins nos. 8, 18 and 19 could be made probable. the importanc ... | 1990 | 1698345 |
| conduction velocity distribution of afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder. | the conduction velocities of individual afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder were determined by the antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots while recording from bladder postganglionic nerves. conduction velocities ranged from 0.5 to 21.0 m/s; 70% of the velocities were less than 2.5 m/s. the distribution within the dorsal roots was ipsilateral with 84% in l6 and 16% in s1. neuroanatomical tracing with horseradish peroxidase applied to individual bladder postganglionic nerves result ... | 1990 | 1698508 |
| [the rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis by a determination of the antigen in the biosubstrates of patients using the coagglutination reaction]. | the diagnostic potential of the coagglutination test was checked with the aim of improving the laboratory diagnosis of salmonella infections by the detection of salmonella specific antigen in different biological materials (feces, urine, saliva and immune complexes in blood sera). the study of all specimens resulted in the confirmation of the diagnosis in 78% of patients, often during the first days of the disease. the proportion of nonspecific reactions, as shown in the control groups of health ... | 1990 | 1699371 |
| [a method for determining specific circulating immune complexes in patients with acute sonne dysentery]. | the antigen-specific method for the determination of specific immune complexes in the blood serum of patients with acute sonne dysentery has been developed on the basis of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the use of reagents manufactured in the ussr. the possibility of the early prognostication of prolonged carrier state by using the proposed method for the determination of the level of specific circulating immune complexes has been shown. | 1990 | 1700565 |
| binding of enteric bacteria to hog gastric mucin. | the binding features of enteric bacteria were studied using a model mucin of hog gastric origin. the time requirement of binding is short, it is temperature-independent, but dose-dependent. the binding effectiveness of escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri, as well as salmonella minnesota had a narrow range: 1.5-9 germs pro pg of mucin. the bacterial ligand of the binding is certainly not a polysaccharide as proved by the uniform binding of the r-mutant series of s. sonnei and ... | 1990 | 1702253 |
| urinary tract infection caused by shigella sonnei: a case report. | we report a case of severe urinary tract infection caused by shigella sonnei in a 3-year-old girl with vesico-ureteric reflux and no history of dysentery. treatment with co-trimoxazole in a dose of 48 mg/kg for 10 days was given and the infection was eradicated. possible sources of infection are discussed. | 1990 | 1703750 |
| prospective study of the association between serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide o antigen and the attack rate of shigellosis. | a means for determining immune status against shigellosis would significantly improve the design and evaluation of interventional and other epidemiologic studies. previous case-control studies have indicated the potential role of humoral antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. to test this proposition, 190 soldiers serving in a field unit were monitored prospectively for 2.5 months for shigellosis. blood samples were taken at the beginning of the follow-up period and tested for serological evidence o ... | 1991 | 1706731 |
| [identification and characterization of the two promoters of plasmid pkym]. | plasmid pkym is a multicopy plasmid isolated from shigella sonnei and multiples stably in escherichia coli. the plasmid encodes rep protein which is essential for its multiplication and synthesizes cop ribonucleic acid (rna) which is a short rna complementary to the 5' region of rep m-rna. this rna controls the copy number and the incompatibility of the plasmid. the previous analysis located the promoters of rep m-rna rna (pr) and cop rna (pl) in the inc region. this report confirmed the presenc ... | 1990 | 1707096 |
| characterization of an enterobacterial common antigen (eca) epitope recognized by anti-eca-tetanus toxoid conjugate serum. | the antigenic reactivity of both native and chemically modified enterobacterial common antigen (eca) with anti-eca-tetanus toxoid (tt) conjugate serum was investigated. the results obtained suggest that reduction of the carboxyl group of the mannosaminuronic acid component of eca diminishes, but does not destroy its antigenic reactivity. each of the sugar components were found to contribute to its reactivity with anti-eca-tt conjugate serum, indicating that the trisaccharide repeating unit repre ... | 1991 | 1709894 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of viral hepatitis]. | | 1991 | 1713243 |
| cytotoxic effects of children's faeces: relation to diarrhoea due to clostridium difficile and other enteric pathogens. | cytotoxicity of faecal extracts was demonstrated in 47 of 88 children (54%) referred for microbiological investigation of stools. cytotoxic clostridium difficile and vertotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) were the pathogens identified most commonly but cytotoxicity was also found in association with campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp, shigella sonnei, giardia lamblia, rotavirus, adenovirus and poliovirus type 1 which had been acquired by oral immunization. in two patients, one of whom had cyst ... | 1991 | 1715139 |
| sensitivity of shigella strains to bactericidal activity of human serum. i. participation of two independently active mechanisms in bactericidal action against shigella sonnei phase ii. | normal human serum is strongly bactericidal for all studied shigella sonnei phase ii (10 strains). the studied bacteria were sensitive to two alternative mechanisms of the bactericidal activity of serum factors. the first mechanism involves the action of serum in which complement (c) is activated by the studied bacteria via the classical pathway. lysozyme did not participate in this reaction. the second mechanism involves the combined action of two factors: c activated via the alternative pathwa ... | 1990 | 1715644 |
| protective ribosomal preparation from shigella sonnei as a parenteral candidate vaccine. | a parenteral shigella ribosomal vaccine (srv) was investigated in animals for safety, antibody-inducing capacity, and protective activity. ribosomal preparations from a shigella sonnei phase i avirulent strain were obtained and shown to possess chemical, sedimentation, and other properties typical of bacterial ribosomes. no endotoxin contamination was revealed by a ketodeoxyoctonate assay, although the presence of some kind of o antigen was evidenced by serological findings and the high activity ... | 1991 | 1716612 |
| [the immunogenic and serological properties of the o-specific polysaccharide (l-hapten) in shigella]. | o-specific polysaccharide (l-hapten) was isolated earlier (zh. mikrobiol. epidemiol. immunobiol., 1989, no. 11, pp. 8-11). in this paper l-hapten was shown to be unable, even at high concentrations (up to 2,000 micrograms/ml), to sensitize sheep red blood cells for passive hemagglutination by o-antibodies. at the same time classical lps and heat-activated lps were active at concentrations ot 32 and 8 micrograms/ml respectively. the o-antibody-neutralizing activity of l-hapten was lower than that ... | 1991 | 1719715 |
| [the immunogenic properties of the endotoxin protein: serum antibodies in animals and man]. | endotoxin protein or lipid a-associated protein (lap) from shigella sonnei was isolated and characterized earlier (zh. mikrobiol. epidemiol. immunobiol., 1991, no. 4, pp. 47-50). in this investigation serum antibodies against lap were studied in elisa anti-lap antibodies were detected in high titers in the sera of nonimmunized mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys and healthy adults. we suppose that normal anti-lap antibodies resulted from interaction between the immune system and environmental en ... | 1991 | 1719717 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms in rrna operons for subtyping shigella sonnei. | shigella sonnei is the most frequent cause of shigellosis in the united states. epidemiologic studies of this organism have been hampered by the lack of adequate typing procedures. ribosomal dna analysis (ribotyping), a method which analyzes restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the chromosomal genes that encode rrna, has recently been shown to be useful for microbial species identification and subtyping. to determine whether ribotyping could be used to distinguish between s. sonnei isola ... | 1991 | 1723069 |
| possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in shigella spp. | a southern hybridization analysis revealed that the region homologous to escherichia coli lacz was present on the chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-positive shigella strains, such as shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 and shigella sonnei strains, whereas this region was absent from chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-negative strains of shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. we found that the lacy-a region was deficient in s. dysenteriae serovar 1 and believe that this is the reason for the ... | 1991 | 1746953 |
| [a study of kirby-bauer method of antimicrobial sensitivity test and resistant plasmid assay with 486 strains of shigella isolated clinically]. | 486 cases of bacillary dysentery admitted to an army hospital during the peak season (july to september) from 1986 to 1988 were studied. the pathogens in 452 cases were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity with 14 kinds of antibiotics by using kirby-bauer method recommended by who. the results showed that the number of antibiotics to which the dysentery bacteria became resistant had increased. in 1986 the number was 9, while in 1987 and 1988 it increased to 12 and 13 respectively. among the resi ... | 1991 | 1752157 |
| use of multiple markers for investigation of an epidemic of shigella sonnei infections in monroe county, new york. | antibiotic susceptibility patterns, plasmid profiles, and endonuclease restriction analysis of plasmid dna were used in the investigation of an epidemic of shigella sonnei infections in monroe county, new york, in 1988 and 1989. the epidemic peaked during the winter, included the simultaneous transmission of the disease from person to person and from common food sources, and especially affected inhabitants of the poor, inner-city neighborhoods, young children of both sexes, and women. resistance ... | 1991 | 1757559 |
| quarterly communicable disease review april to june 1991. from the phls communicable disease surveillance centre. | | 1991 | 1764292 |
| thermogenic and hormonal responses to palatable protein and carbohydrate rich food. | simultaneous variations of oxygen consumption, and plasma insulin and norepinephrine were measured during the postprandial cephalic and gastrointestinal phases of feeding in six human subjects following the ingestion of various nutrients. on alternative days the subjects were given foods (1280 kjoules) either rich in carbohydrates (sugar pie) or in proteins (fish). both nutrients produced an initial (0-40 min) enhanced thermogenesis and an early (2 min) cephalic insulin release. during that peri ... | 1991 | 1774019 |
| evidence for long-term memory of the mucosal immune system: milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella lipopolysaccharides. | although the common mucosal immune system has generally been considered to have only short-term memory, recent data suggest that long-term memory exists for shigella virulence plasmid antigens. because such antigens might cross-react with environmental antigens, we investigated milk for the persistence of antibodies to the specific shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) against shigella flexneri and shigella sonn ... | 1991 | 1774268 |
| damage to hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodination induced by pathogenic factors of keshan disease and the preventive effects of selenium and vitamin e. | experiments were performed to investigate the change of hepatic t4 5'-deiodination and the preventive effects of selenium (se) and vitamin e in rats fed grains from a keshan disease (kd) endemic area. the results showed that consumption of the endemic grain for 8 weeks caused a significant reduction in hepatic t4 5'-monodeiodinase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and a marked enhancement of hepatic malondialdehyde content. these changes could be effectively prevented through se or vitamin ... | 1991 | 1781930 |
| [latex test used for diagnosis of dysentery caused by shigella sonnei]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of latex reagent coated with immunoglobulins specific for antigens of phase i and ii of s. sonnei for detection of these antigens in primary, mixed bacterial cultures. the study was performed on 919 fecal samples from individuals with clinical symptoms of dysentery, convalescents and from contact individuals. material used for the test was bacterial suspension collected from mcconkey or ss agars and a culture from selenite f broth heated at 10 ... | 1991 | 1784135 |
| atopic disease. | | 1991 | 1788503 |
| [the effect of the synergistic action of enterotoxin on the specific protective complex of shigella sonnei]. | the study has first established that enterotoxin enhances the protective potency of s. sonnei specific protective complex. this effect has been revealed both in experiments of the oral immunization of mice and in experiments of the conjunctival immunization of guinea pigs and depends on the dose of enterotoxin used in the experiment. the increase of protection has a specific character. these observations open prospects for further enhancement for the protective properties of s. sonnei specific p ... | 1991 | 1789032 |
| [the culture of discussions and a little bit on the epidemiology of intestinal infections]. | | 1991 | 1789044 |
| ["the modern theoretical and practical concepts of the epidemiology of shigellosis" and the culture of discussions]. | | 1991 | 1789045 |
| evaluation of an intervention program in the control of an urban outbreak of shigellosis. | community-wide outbreaks of shigellosis are a persistent public health problem. we evaluated the effect of a household-based intervention program on the control of an urban outbreak of s. sonnei gastroenteritis. during the intervention we attempted to contact all households with culture-confirmed s. sonnei and provide education in methods to prevent spread of shigella. subsequently we conducted a survey of intervention (n = 43) and nonintervention (n = 33) households. we also conducted a serosur ... | 1991 | 1790035 |
| [plasmid analysis of antibiotic resistant shigella isolates]. | a correlation between the multiple drug resistance patterns and the plasmid profiles given by 70 clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri was investigated in this study. the most common plasmids were purified from different isolates by electroelution and characterized via restriction endonuclease digestions. | 1991 | 1795658 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1989]. | | 1991 | 1796165 |
| an epidemic of waterborne shigella gastroenteritis in kibbutzim of western galilee in israel. | in an epidemic of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis, probably waterborne, 1216 people were affected within three weeks, 302 of them members of communal settlements, the kibbutzim. a descriptive study of the epidemic in six affected kibbutzim in the area showed that the highest rates of diarrhoea occurred in a kibbutz that received its drinking water solely from the allegedly contaminated well. people at high risk within the kibbutzim were temporary visitors from europe and the us (the volunteers), ... | 1991 | 1800407 |
| serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in singapore. | serogrouping of 506 shigella strains isolated in singapore from 1986 to 1990 showed that shigella flexneri (60.3%) was the most common, followed by s. sonnei (33.6%), s. boydii (3.2%) and s. dysenteriae (3%). of the 23 shigella serotypes identified, the predominant ones were s. flexneri types 2a and 1b, s. boydii types 1 and 5, and s. dysenteriae types 1 and 3. more than 80% of the shigella species were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, and the incidence of multiresistance was partic ... | 1991 | 1800565 |
| [shigella sonnei. an epidemic in a day-care institution]. | epidemics caused by dysentery bacteria among children and adults in day-institutions are rare in denmark. the course of an epidemic of this type is reviewed. thirty children and six adults went on holiday to a deserted farmer's cottage under primitive conditions in the southern swedish woods. immediately prior to this holiday, two of the adults had had serious gastrointestinal infections during a hiking trip in south america. shigella sonnei was subsequently demonstrated in the stools from a tot ... | 1991 | 1801384 |
| technological aspect of the production of live dysentery vaccines for oral administration. | an experimental technology for the production of live freeze-dried vaccines prepared from attenuated shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i strains was developed. it is based on the cultivation of bacterial strains in a fermentor under conditions which ensure high yields. the strains grow in s-form, their antigenic structure is preserved and they remain non-virulent. the attenuating markers are stable. the freeze-dried vaccines retain good immunogenicity when applied intra-intestinally to ra ... | 1991 | 1805499 |
| [the role of a secondary immunodeficiency in the pathogenesis of different forms of dysentery]. | | 1991 | 1810052 |
| [humoral and cellular immunity in patients with acute dysentery]. | | 1991 | 1810054 |
| [the functional status of the endocrine pancreas in patients with acute intestinal infections]. | ria was used to measure the content of insulin, c-peptide and glucagon in blood plasma of 84 patients with acute dysentery and food toxicoinfections. the studies were carried out in the acute disease period and before the discharge from hospital. the data obtained indicate that despite the appreciable differences in the disease pathogenesis, the pathophysiological mechanisms influencing pancreatic function are similar in many respects. the changes are characterized by an increase in plasma insul ... | 1991 | 1810055 |
| [the fibronectin binding of salmonellae studied by a passive hemagglutination method]. | the study has shown that the fibronectin-binding properties of different salmonella species can be tested by means of passive hemagglutination with fibronectin-sensitized formulated sheep red blood cells (srbc). s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium isolated from foodstuffs, as well as the representatives of the species s. kottbus, s. anatum, s. tshiongwe and s. newlands, are capable of binding fibronectin. fibronectin-binding properties have also been detected in shigella sonnei, as well as in eubi ... | 1991 | 1811395 |
| [epidemiology of shigellosis and colicin typing of shigella sonnei. a 14-year study]. | to study the most important epidemiologic features of shigellosis and the application of colicinotyping as an epidemiologic marker for shigella sonnei. a total of 44.818 stoll-cultures were performed. we classify, using colicinotyping, 156 shigella sonnei strains isolated from different patients. the incidence of shigellosis in our media is low (1.08% of all stool-cultures). it is more frequent in pediatric population and increases on late summer and fall. we had been able to show an increasing ... | 1991 | 1822704 |
| localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mrna in rat brain. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is an inflammatory peptide hormone, with potent neuroendocrine effects. il-1 stimulates the central nervous system production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), growth hormone (gh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and somatostatin, and inhibits the secretion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (lh). interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is a novel cytokine, recently purified, characterized, and cloned. il-1ra is a pure endogenous antagonist of il-1:il-1 funct ... | 1991 | 1829036 |
| localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mrna in rat brain. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is an inflammatory peptide hormone, with potent neuroendocrine effects. il-1 stimulates the central nervous system production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), growth hormone (gh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and somatostatin, and inhibits the secretion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (lh). interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is a novel cytokine, recently purified, characterized, and cloned. il-1ra is a pure endogenous antagonist of il-1:il-1 funct ... | 1991 | 1829036 |
| expression and distribution of renal vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase in response to chronic acid and alkali loads in the rat. | renal hydrogen ion excretion increases with chronic acid loads and decreases with alkali loads. we examined the mechanism of adaptation by analyzing vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (h+ atpase) 31-kd subunit protein and mrna levels, and immunocytochemical distribution in kidneys from rats subjected to acid or alkali loads for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d. acid- and alkali-loaded rats exhibited adaptive responses in acid excretion, but showed no significant changes in h+ atpase prot ... | 1991 | 1829094 |
| [the manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis and their theoretical interpretation]. | this work, based on the retrospective analysis of shigellosis morbidity among organized groups of adults, as well as the whole population of the city, demonstrates the manifestations of the epidemic process. water supply was common in the city, while water consumption was autonomous. the organized groups of adults did not use the products of the local milk-processing factory. the following facts were established. the dynamics of morbidity in flexner's dysentery showed the change of dominating va ... | 1991 | 1830443 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of dysentery outbreaks caused by infected milk]. | | 1991 | 1835232 |
| [the structure of the population morbidity with specific intestinal infections in areas with different intensities in the development of the epidemic process and an evaluation of its manifestations]. | the authors analyze the morbidity structure in five enteric infections (typhoid fever, dysentery caused by shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei, hepatitis a, and hepatitis e (non a, non b) with the fecal/oral mechanism of the agent transmission) in three towns of turkmenia and in the town of novomoskovsk, tula province. the incidence of s. sonnei dysentery was found higher in novomoskovsk and that of the rest enteric infections under study in turkmenia. the incidence of typhoid fever and hepati ... | 1991 | 1836925 |
| genetic analysis of homology between the virulence plasmids of salmonella dublin and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | two segments within the virulence region of salmonella dublin plasmid psdl2 that were homologous to regions on yersinia pseudotuberculosis plasmid pib1 were located with regard to the four known genes (vsda, vsdb, vsdc, and vsdd) of psdl2. one segment mapped upstream of vsda within an insertion element related to is630 of shigella sonnei; the second was confined to a 45-bp sequence containing an inverted repeat between vsdc and vsdd. on pib1, both areas were located in an intergenic region upstr ... | 1991 | 1840573 |
| multiply-resistant shigella sonnei from recent outbreaks in canada. | | 1991 | 1843661 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infections: plasmid profiles, serotype correlation, and restriction endonuclease analysis. | plasmid isolation was used to refine the epidemiologic analysis for 168 shigellosis cases in pima county, ariz. plasmids of less than 20 kb were used for comparison of plasmid profiles. plasmid patterns for each species were distinct. a total of 57 of 74 (77%) shigella flexneri strains could be placed into seven plasmid patterns, 70 of 79 (89%) shigella sonnei strains could be placed into seven patterns, 12 shigella boydii strains could be placed into six patterns, and each of 3 shigella dysente ... | 1991 | 1847148 |
| is200 is not a member of the is600 family of insertion sequences. | | 1991 | 1851557 |
| antiprogesterone, ru 486, facilitates parturition in cattle. | ru 486, a potent progesterone antagonist with high affinity for progesterone receptor, was used alone or in combination with relaxin in late pregnant cattle to determine its effect on induction of parturition. cross-bred beef cattle were bred by artificial insemination. an indwelling cannula was inserted into a jugular vein on day 269 (expected term = day 283) for repeated blood sample collection. on day 277, the cattle were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 6 each): group 1 received ru 486 ... | 1991 | 1855474 |
| developmental toxicity of dimethylacetamide by inhalation in the rat. | dimethylacetamide (dmac) is a widely used industrial solvent. it has been reported to be teratogenic when given to rats by injection or following dermal application. most of these studies employed large single doses and did not examine both the fetal and the maternal response. in this study, groups of pregnant crl:cd rats were exposed to 32, 100, or 282 ppm dmac by inhalation for 6 hr/day from days 6 through 15 of gestation (day on which copulation plug was detected was termed day 1g). a control ... | 1991 | 1855615 |
| [the determination of the dates of seasonal upsurges in morbidity by a computational method]. | | 1991 | 1867032 |
| effect of prior infection with virulent shigella flexneri 2a on the resistance of monkeys to subsequent infection with shigella sonnei. | all virulent shigellae have large plasmids. plasmid-associated genes encode the expression of membrane-associated proteins (map), some of which correlate with the ability to invade susceptible epithelial cells. these map are serologically related in all of the shigella serotypes and evoke an antibody response after infection. to determine whether the map have a significant role in protection, 24 monkeys were infected with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. after recovery, one group (with controls) w ... | 1991 | 1869840 |
| antigen sharing of salmonella typhi non-flagellar proteins with other salmonellae and some shigellae and escherichia coli. | cathodal moving protein components were identified in agarose gel electrophoresis of the veronal buffer extract of a non-motile strain of s. typhi (8393, colindale). rabbit antiserum was raised against these cationic proteins; it had both agglutinating and precipitating activity. a total of 80 salmonella strains belonging to serogroups a, b, c1, c2, d, e1 and e2 including 26 s. typhi and 10 s. paratyphi a were tested against this antiserum in a slide agglutination test; all strains were agglutin ... | 1991 | 1874550 |
| a rapid fluorogenic method for the detection of escherichia coli by the production of beta-glucuronidase. | a medium containing the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide was developed for the isolation and identification of escherichia coli within 7.5 h and was based on the detection of beta-glucuronidase. optimum conditions for the rapid development of fluorescent colonies were determined. the optimum temperature was 41.5 degrees c. development of fluorescence was delayed when carbohydrates were incorporated into the medium. water samples were used to evaluate the medium by su ... | 1991 | 1874684 |
| [shigella endotoxin protein--its isolation and physicochemical characteristics]. | the scheme of the isolation of endotoxic protein from s. sonnei 9090 is presented. the isolation procedure includes the 10-minute hot (at 68 degrees c) extraction of protein from endotoxin with 45% aqueous phenol, the precipitation of protein from phenolic extract with 9.5 volumes of 95% ethanol, the purification of protein from lipid material and pigments by multiple extraction with the mixture of chloroform and ethanol in the proportion 2:1 by volume. the yield of protein obtained with the use ... | 1991 | 1882598 |
| [shigella endotoxin protein--its electrophoretic and serological properties]. | the electrophoretic analysis of lipid a-associated protein (lap), obtained from s. sonnei, in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea has revealed the heterogeneity of the preparation; it has found to contain three main components with molecular weights of 43, 38 and 18 kd and some minor components with molecular weights of 49, 45 35, 30, 29, 27, 5, 21 and 14 kd. the electrophoretic mobility of the main protein components in the isolated preparation of lap coincides ... | 1991 | 1882599 |
| [the action of ribosomal preparations on nonspecific resistance to bacterial infection and on early tolerance to endotoxic shock]. | ribosomal preparations from shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei, introduced parenterally into mice, enhance their resistance to infection with the causative agents of typhoid fever and staphylococci. this effect is considerably less pronounced than that produced by the preparation of homologous lipopolysaccharide isolated by boivin's method. after the administration of ribosomes nonspecific resistance to bacterial infective agents lasts for a short time. ribosomal preparations do not enhance t ... | 1991 | 1882607 |
| [use of immunofluorescence method in the diagnosis and study of pathogenesis of acute dysentery]. | | 1991 | 1887317 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection elicits early antibody not detected by standard tests: implications for diagnostics and viral immunology. | the fda-approved tests for diagnosis of hiv exposure depend on detection of specific antibody in serum. hiv infection is missed in some individuals because they score seronegative by the standard clinical eia and western blot assays. this apparent immunological "silent" period following infection may last for months and has been reported to be as long as 3 years in rare cases. is there truly a lack of an immune response or is there a more subtle, narrowly focused antibody response in these hiv-i ... | 1991 | 1887591 |
| [the determination in saliva of iga antibodies to shigella ribosomes for the diagnosis of dysentery]. | the levels of antiribosomal antibodies to shigella ribosomes in serum and saliva samples from 38 dysentery patients (15 s. sonnei cases and 23 s. flexneri cases), 14 patients with salmonellosis and 136 healthy adults were determined in elisa with ribosomes from s. sonnei r-mutant used as solid-phase antigen. high levels of "normal" antiribosomal iga, igg and igm antibodies were revealed in the sera of healthy persons while the level of salivary iga antibodies was very low. in dysentery infection ... | 1991 | 1887713 |
| bactericidal effect of 15-deoxyspergualin on staphylococcus aureus. | 15-deoxyspergualin (dsg), an immunosuppressive agent used in organ transplantation, exerts metabolic and antiproliferative effects on methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria (e.g. sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis, shigella sonnei, salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii). dsg, at the concentration of 20 mg/l, depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine in s. aureus to 43 and 40% of the controls, respectively. in these polyamine-depleted s. aureus cel ... | 1991 | 1889307 |
| shigellosis from swimming in a park pond in michigan. | in july 1989 an outbreak of shigellosis occurred among visitors to a recreational park in oakland county, mi. an epidemiologic investigation discovered an association between illness and swimming in a pond at the park, especially for those who had put their head underwater. no other factors were epidemiologically incriminated. a total of 65 cases were identified; nine were culture confirmed, all shigella sonnei. several water samples evaluated for fecal coliform counts shortly after the outbreak ... | 1991 | 1905054 |
| relationship of fever magnitude to rate of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 4-8 weeks. | we correlated the height of fever with underlying infectious etiology in 683 consecutive febrile infants aged four to eight weeks who received outpatient evaluation for sepsis during a five-year period. the relative number of infants with fever was inversely proportional to fever height, as 51% had a temperature 38.1-38.9 degrees c, 45% had a temperature 39-39.9 degrees c, and 4% had a temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees c [hyperpyrexia]. there were 34 cases of serious bacterial infe ... | 1991 | 1914347 |
| sociodemographic factors associated with serum anti-shigella lipopolysaccharide antibodies and shigellosis. | the association between various sociodemographic variables and the presence of anti-shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies was examined in a random sample (n = 383) of male israeli conscripts. of the male conscripts, 190 (49.6%) had pre-existing antibodies against s. sonnei lps (defined as ha titres of greater than or equal to 1:10 after treatment of sera with 2-mercaptoethanol). univariate analysis revealed a significant positive association between the presence of humoral anti-s. ... | 1991 | 1917263 |
| [primary perimyocarditis caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae]. | | 1991 | 1932499 |
| development of antisera to detect virulent yersinia enterocolitica, shigella and escherichia coli enteroinvasive. | | 1991 | 1935085 |
| hyperendemic shigellosis in the united states: a review of surveillance data for 1967-1988. | in 1988, 22,796 shigella isolates were reported to the centers for disease control, the highest number since national surveillance was begun in 1967. from 1986 to 1988, isolation rates increased from 5.4 to 10.1 per 100,000 persons. increased isolation of shigella sonnei, primarily among children and young women, occurred throughout the united states in a manner similar to the nationwide increase that occurred during the early 1970s. the highest rates during 1987-1988 were reported from countrie ... | 1991 | 1940468 |
| treatment of shigellosis. | | 1991 | 1941398 |
| localization of ipab protein in escherichia coli k-12 mc1061 strain carrying shigella sonnei form i plasmid pss120. | we partially purified antigens which reacted with shigellosis convalescent-monkey antisera. hybridomas, which were constructed from mice immunized by the antigens, produced monoclonal antibodies recognizing ipab protein. using the monoclonal antibody against ipab, evidence indicating that ipab proteins were localized on the cell surface of invasive bacteria (escherichia coli k-12 mc1061 harboring pss120 plasmid) was obtained by immunoelectron microscopy. | 1991 | 1943845 |
| [shigellosis in the ussr: the biochemical picture of shigella sonnei]. | the article deals with original data characterizing the biochemical picture of s. sonnei circulating in the ussr in 1983-1985. sub-biovars iie, iig and ia have been shown to prevail practically in all regions, irrespective of the intensity of functioning of the centralized alimentary and chronic water routes of transmission of shigellae. these sub-biovars most frequently cause significant alimentary outbreaks of sonne dysentery transmitted with milk. doubts are expressed concerning the importanc ... | 1991 | 1950283 |