| glycerol enhances the antifungal activity of dairy propionibacteria. | dairy propionibacteria are widely used in starter cultures for swiss type cheese. these bacteria can ferment glucose, lactic acid, and glycerol into propionic acid, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide. this research examined the antifungal effect of dairy propionibacteria when glycerol was used as carbon source for bacterial growth. five type strains of propionibacteria were tested against the yeast rhodotorula mucilaginosa and the molds penicillium commune and penicillium roqueforti. the conversion ... | 2010 | 21331381 |
| decreased susceptibility to doxycycline associated with a 16s rrna gene mutation in brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the objective of this study was to assess whether nucleotide substitutions in the 16s rdna sequence of selected brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates could explain differences in doxycycline minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics). the main part of the 16s rrna gene was sequenced and compared for 19 isolates with different doxycycline mics. a mutation in the 16s rrna gene at the position corresponding to 1058 in escherichia coli has been shown to cause tetracycline resistance in other bacteria. i ... | 2007 | 17428623 |
| prevalence of selected enteropathogenic bacteria in hungarian finishing pigs. | the aim of this study was to obtain prevalence estimates about the most important enteropathogenic bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, salmonella enterica and clostridium perfringens a and c in hungarian farrow-to-finish pig herds. a total of 31 herds were selected, from where six pooled faecal samples, each containing three individual rectal faecal samples were collected from fattening pigs of 5-6 months of age. all 186 samples were examined b ... | 2007 | 17555287 |
| evidence that the 36kb plasmid of brachyspira hyodysenteriae contributes to virulence. | swine dysentery (sd) results from infection of the porcine large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. recently the genome of virulent australian b. hyodysenteriae strain wa1 was sequenced, and a 36kilobase (kb) circular plasmid was identified. the plasmid contained 31 genes including six rfb genes that were predicted to be involved with rhamnose biosynthesis, and others associated with glycosylation. in the current study a set of pcrs was developed to a ... | 2011 | 21458173 |
| development of γδ t cell subset responses in gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotaviruses and colonized with probiotic lactobacilli. | γδ t cell responses are induced by various viral and bacterial infections. different γδ t cells contribute to activation and regulation of the inflammatory response and to epithelial repair. how γδ t cells respond to rotavirus infection and how the colonization of probiotics influences the γδ t cell response were unknown. in this study, we evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry the frequencies and distribution of total γδ t cells and three major subsets (cd2-cd8-, cd2+cd8- and cd2+cd8+) in ileum ... | 2011 | 21489639 |
| characterisation of multiresistant brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from czech pig farms. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of clonal spread of brachyspira hyodysenteriae resistant to pleuromutilins (tiamulin, valnemulin) on farms in the czech republic. agar dilution method and macrorestriction fragment profile analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used to characterise 35 b hyodysenteriae isolates that were obtained from clinical cases of swine dysentery on 32 farms between 2000 and 2005. most isolates showed multiple resistances to tiamulin, val ... | 2011 | 21493555 |
| typing of brachyspira spp. from rodents, pigs and chickens on swedish farms. | the aim of the current study was to look for evidence of possible cross-species transmission of brachyspira species between rodents and farm animals. to do this, previously collected and characterised brachyspira isolates from rodents, pigs and chickens on the same farms were analysed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). isolates with similar rapd banding patterns were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical isolates of brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira inter ... | 2011 | 21497461 |
| simultaneous detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces and tissue samples by multiplex-pcr. | diarrhoea in growing and finishing pigs is usually caused by infectious agents and laboratory diagnosis is a prerequisite for efficient therapy. cultivation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae or brachyspira pilosicoli and detection of lawsonia intracellularis by means of immunofluorescence tests (ift) are time-consuming and in some cases lack sensitivity. a multiplex-pcr was designed to detect simultaneously these three pathogens in faeces and tissue samples, allowing the differential diagnosis of dy ... | 2007 | 17931231 |
| identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other pathogenic brachyspira species in chickens from laying flocks with diarrhea or reduced production or both. | cecal samples from laying chickens from 25 farms with a history of decreased egg production, diarrhea, and/or increased feed conversion ratios were examined for anaerobic intestinal spirochetes of the genus brachyspira. seventy-three samples positive in an immunofluorescence assay for brachyspira species were further examined using selective anaerobic culture, followed by phenotypic analysis, species-specific pcrs (for brachyspira hyodysenteriae, b. intermedia, and b. pilosicoli), and a brachysp ... | 2008 | 18077642 |
| evaluation of recombinant bhlp29.7 as an elisa antigen for detecting pig herds with swine dysentery. | swine dysentery (sd) results from infection of the porcine large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. diagnosis of sd traditionally has relied on detecting the spirochaete in the faeces of acutely affected pigs. to date simple and reliable serological assays that can be applied as a diagnostic tool at the herd level have not been available. in the current study a recombinant histidine tagged 29.7 kda lipoprotein of b. hyodysenteriae (his6-bhlp29.7) was ... | 2009 | 18619744 |
| characterization of the tautomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from streptomyces spiroverticillatus unveiling new insights into dialkylmaleic anhydride and polyketide biosynthesis. | tautomycin (ttm) is a highly potent and specific protein phosphatase inhibitor isolated from streptomyces spiroverticillatus. the biological activity of ttm makes it an important lead for drug discovery, whereas its spiroketal-containing polyketide chain and rare dialkylmaleic anhydride moiety draw attention to novel biosynthetic chemistries responsible for its production. to elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with these novel molecular features, the ttm biosynthetic gene cluster fr ... | 2008 | 18708355 |
| horizontal gene exchange in environmental microbiota. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) plays an important role in the evolution of life on the earth. this view is supported by numerous occasions of hgt that are recorded in the genomes of all three domains of living organisms. hgt-mediated rapid evolution is especially noticeable among the bacteria, which demonstrate formidable adaptability in the face of recent environmental changes imposed by human activities, such as the use of antibiotics, industrial contamination, and intensive agriculture. at th ... | 2011 | 21845185 |
| the rela/spot homolog (rsh) superfamily: distribution and functional evolution of ppgpp synthetases and hydrolases across the tree of life. | rela/spot homologue (rsh) proteins, named for their sequence similarity to the rela and spot enzymes of escherichia coli, comprise a superfamily of enzymes that synthesize and/or hydrolyze the alarmone ppgpp, activator of the "stringent" response and regulator of cellular metabolism. the classical "long" rshs rel, rela and spot with the ppgpp hydrolase, synthetase, tgs and act domain architecture have been found across diverse bacteria and plant chloroplasts, while dedicated single domain ppgpp- ... | 2011 | 21858139 |
| isolation of scfv fragments specific for monokine induced by interferon-gamma (mig) using phage display. | iterative affinity selection procedures were used to isolate a number of single chain fv (scfv) antibody fragment clones from naïve tomlinson i+j phage display libraries that specifically recognize and bind a chemokine, monokine induced by interferon-gamma (mig/cxcl9). mig is an important transplant rejection/biology chemokine protein. elisa-based affinity characterization results indicate that selectants preferentially bind to mig in the presence of key biopanning component materials and closel ... | 2010 | 20382151 |
| carbon storage regulator a (csra(bb)) is a repressor of borrelia burgdorferi flagellin protein flab. | the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi lacks the transcriptional cascade control of flagellar protein synthesis common to other bacteria. instead, it relies on a post-transcriptional mechanism to control its flagellar synthesis. the underlying mechanism of this control remains elusive. a recent study reported that the increased level of bb0184 (csra(bb); a homologue of carbon storage regulator a) substantially inhibited the accumulation of flab, the major flagellin protein of b. burgdo ... | 2011 | 21999436 |
| proteomic analysis and identification of the structural and regulatory proteins of the rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent. | the gene transfer agent of rhodobacter capsulatus (gta) is a unique phage-like particle that exchanges genetic information between members of this same species of bacterium. besides being an excellent tool for genetic mapping, the gta has a number of advantages for biotechnological and nanoengineering purposes. to facilitate the gta purification and identify the proteins involved in gta expression, assembly and regulation, in the present work we construct and transform into r. capsulatus y262 a ... | 2009 | 19105630 |
| Analysis of bacterial load and prevalence of mixed infections with Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and/or Brachyspira pilosicoli in German pigs with diarrhoea. | Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli are important pathogens in domestic pig production world-wide, responsible for porcine intestinal adenomatosis, swine dysentery, and porcine intestinal spirochetosis, respectively. Conventional PCR is the major diagnostic tool in the detection of the three pathogens, but the sole detection of bacterial DNA might lead to misinterpretations of results with respect to their clinical relevance, especially with mixed inf ... | 2011 | 22059295 |
| reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a danish spf herd. | the present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against l. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. the pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. in the vaccinated batches, the consum ... | 2009 | 19128459 |
| antimicrobial activity of the investigational pleuromutilin compound bc-3781 tested against gram-positive organisms commonly associated with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | bc-3781 is a novel semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent which is developed as an intravenous and oral therapy for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and respiratory tract infections (rti). bc-3781 and comparator agents were tested against 1,893 clinical gram-positive organisms predominantly causing absssi by broth microdilution method. bc-3781 exhibited potent activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic(50/90), 0.12/0.25 μg/ml), coagulas ... | 2012 | 22232289 |
| identification of surprisingly diverse type iv pili, across a broad range of gram-positive bacteria. | in gram-negative bacteria, type iv pili (tfp) have long been known to play important roles in such diverse biological phenomena as surface adhesion, motility, and dna transfer, with significant consequences for pathogenicity. more recently it became apparent that gram-positive bacteria also express type iv pili; however, little is known about the diversity and abundance of these structures in gram-positives. computational tools for automated identification of type iv pilins are not currently ava ... | 2011 | 22216142 |
| a reverse vaccinology approach to swine dysentery vaccine development. | swine dysentery (sd) is a mucohaemorrhagic colitis of pigs resulting from infection of the large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. whole-cell bacterin vaccines are available to help control sd, but their performance has been inconsistent. this study aimed to use a reverse vaccinology approach to identify b. hyodysenteriae proteins for use as recombinant vaccine components. nineteen open reading frames (orfs) predicted to encode potential vaccine cand ... | 2009 | 19179021 |
| species characterization and minimum inhibitory concentration patterns of brachyspira species isolates from swine with clinical disease. | typhlocolitis and dysentery due to brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection represent an economically important disease syndrome in growing pigs. largely disappearing from u.s. swine herds in the late 1990 s and early 2000s, brachyspira-associated disease and bacterial isolation from swine with clinical disease has increased in the last several years, and non-b. hyodysenteriae isolates are commonly identified. antimicrobial resistance has been demonstrated in brachyspira spp. isolates from europe an ... | 2011 | 22362794 |
| actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction. | actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. the purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection and identification of a. suis and then compare these results with traditional isolation methods. bacterial isolation and pcr were performed on one hundred and ... | 2012 | 23346017 |
| annotation of protein domains reveals remarkable conservation in the functional make up of proteomes across superkingdoms. | the functional repertoire of a cell is largely embodied in its proteome, the collection of proteins encoded in the genome of an organism. the molecular functions of proteins are the direct consequence of their structure and structure can be inferred from sequence using hidden markov models of structural recognition. here we analyze the functional annotation of protein domain structures in almost a thousand sequenced genomes, exploring the functional and structural diversity of proteomes. we find ... | 2011 | 24710297 |
| evolution of dna ligases of nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses of eukaryotes: a case of hidden complexity. | eukaryotic nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses (ncldv) encode most if not all of the enzymes involved in their dna replication. it has been inferred that genes for these enzymes were already present in the last common ancestor of the ncldv. however, the details of the evolution of these genes that bear on the complexity of the putative ancestral ncldv and on the evolutionary relationships between viruses and their hosts are not well understood. | 2009 | 20021668 |
| genome signature difference between deinococcus radiodurans and thermus thermophilus. | the extremely radioresistant bacteria of the genus deinococcus and the extremely thermophilic bacteria of the genus thermus belong to a common taxonomic group. considering the distinct living environments of deinococcus and thermus, different genes would have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer after their divergence from a common ancestor. their guanine-cytosine (gc) contents are similar; however, we hypothesized that their genomic signatures would be different. our findings indicate ... | 2012 | 22500246 |
| the rebirth of culture in microbiology through the example of culturomics to study human gut microbiota. | bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a "dark matter" of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. by replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the "great plate count anomal ... | 2015 | 25567229 |
| macrolide resistance conferred by base substitutions in 23s rrna. | | 2001 | 11120937 |
| chemotactic behavior of pathogenic and nonpathogenic leptospira species. | we have developed a capillary tube assay in combination with real-time pcr to quantitate the number of chemoattracted leptospira cells. we identified tween 80, glucose, sucrose, and pyruvate as attractants for leptospira cells; amino acids and vitamin b(12) were found to be nonchemotactic or weakly chemotactic. this assay has the general applicability to further our understanding of leptospiral chemotaxis. | 2012 | 23001652 |
| increased cyp4b1 mrna is associated with the inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by caffeic acid in mice. | susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases depends upon interactions between the genetics of the individual and induction of chronic mucosal inflammation. we hypothesized that administration of dietary phenolics, caffeic acid and rutin, would suppress upregulation of inflammatory markers and intestinal damage in a mouse model of colitis. colitis was induced in c3h/ heouj mice (8 weeks old, 6 male/6 female per treatment) with 1.25% dextran sulfate sodium (dss) for 6 d in their drinking water. ... | 2009 | 19307459 |
| genetics of borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochetes in the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies group cycle in nature between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts. the current assemblage of b. burgdorferi sensu lato, of which three species cause lyme disease in humans, originated from a rapid species radiation that occurred near the origin of the clade. all of these species share a unique genome structure that is highly segmented and predominantly composed of linear replicons. one of the circular plasmids is a prophage that ex ... | 2012 | 22974303 |
| effect of obstructive jaundice and nitric oxide on the profiles of intestinal bacterial flora in wild and inos mice. | we previously reported that the plasma level of endotoxin and colonic expression of iga in the mouse increased with obstructive jaundice induced by bile duct ligation (bdl). to elucidate the mechanism of the bdl-induced increase, we analyzed the effect of bdl on intestinal flora in wild type and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos)-deficient mice (inos(-/-)) using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (t-rflp) and 16s rdna clone libraries. the amounts of bacterial dna ... | 2009 | 19308270 |
| multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. | accurate strain identification is essential for anyone working with bacteria. for many species, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is considered the "gold standard" of typing, but it is traditionally performed in an expensive and time-consuming manner. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available to scientists and routine diagnostic laboratories. currently, the cost is below that of traditional mlst. the new challenges will be how to extract ... | 2012 | 22238442 |
| the unique paradigm of spirochete motility and chemotaxis. | spirochete motility is enigmatic: it differs from the motility of most other bacteria in that the entire bacterium is involved in translocation in the absence of external appendages. using the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb) as a model system, we explore the current research on spirochete motility and chemotaxis. bb has periplasmic flagella (pfs) subterminally attached to each end of the protoplasmic cell cylinder, and surrounding the cell is an outer membrane. these internal h ... | 2012 | 22994496 |
| a phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the phylum spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. | the spirochaetes species cause many important diseases including syphilis and lyme disease. except for their containing a distinctive endoflagella, no other molecular or biochemical characteristics are presently known that are specific for either all spirochaetes or its different families. we report detailed comparative and phylogenomic analyses of protein sequences from spirochaetes genomes to understand their evolutionary relationships and to identify molecular signatures for this group. these ... | 2013 | 23908650 |
| review of evidence for immune evasion and persistent infection in lyme disease. | is chronic illness in patients with lyme disease caused by persistent infection? three decades of basic and clinical research have yet to produce a definitive answer to this question. this review describes known and suspected mechanisms by which spirochetes of the borrelia genus evade host immune defenses and survive antibiotic challenge. accumulating evidence indicates that lyme disease spirochetes are adapted to persist in immune competent hosts, and that they are able to remain infective desp ... | 2013 | 23637552 |
| two residues predominantly dictate functional difference in motility between shewanella oneidensis flagellins flaa and flab. | nearly half of flagellated microorganisms possess a multiple-flagellin system. although a functional filament can be formed from one of multiple flagellins alone in many bacteria, it is more common that one flagellin is the major constituent and others contribute. underlying mechanisms proposed for such scenarios cover flagellin regulation of various levels, including transcription, translation, post-translational modification, secretion, and filament assembly. in shewanella oneidensis, the flag ... | 2014 | 24733391 |
| spirochetal motility and chemotaxis in the natural enzootic cycle and development of lyme disease. | two-thirds of all bacterial genomes sequenced to-date possess an organelle for locomotion, referred to as flagella, periplasmic flagella or type iv pili. these genomes may also contain a chemotaxis-signaling system which governs flagellar rotation, thus leading a coordinated function for motility. motility and chemotaxis are often crucial for infection or disease process caused by pathogenic bacteria. although motility-associated genes are well-characterized in some organisms, the highly orchest ... | 2015 | 26519910 |
| brachyspira suanatina sp. nov., an enteropathogenic intestinal spirochaete isolated from pigs and mallards: genomic and phenotypic characteristics. | the genus brachyspira currently encompasses seven valid species that colonize the intestines of mammals and birds. in a previous study a group of strongly haemolytic isolates from pigs and mallards was provisionally described as a new species within genus brachyspira, "b. suanatina", and enteropathogenic properties were demonstrated in a porcine challenge model. | 2015 | 26458507 |
| complete genome sequence and description of salinispira pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel spirochaete isolated form a hypersaline microbial mat. | during a study of the anaerobic microbial community of a lithifying hypersaline microbial mat of lake 21 on the kiritimati atoll (kiribati republic, central pacific) strain l21-rpul-d2(t) was isolated. the closest phylogenetic neighbor was spirochaeta africana z-7692(t) that shared a 16s rrna gene sequence identity value of 90% with the novel strain and thus was only distantly related. a comprehensive polyphasic study including determination of the complete genome sequence was initiated to chara ... | 2015 | 26203324 |
| the exposed proteomes of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and b. pilosicoli. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli are well-known intestinal pathogens in pigs. b. hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a disease with an important impact on pig production while b. pilosicoli is responsible of a milder diarrheal disease in these animals, porcine intestinal spirochetosis. recent sequencing projects have provided information for the genome of these species facilitating the search of vaccine candidates using reverse vaccinology approaches. h ... | 2016 | 27493641 |
| motility is crucial for the infectious life cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, exists in a zoonotic cycle involving an arthropod tick and mammalian host. dissemination of the organism within and between these hosts depends upon the spirochete's ability to traverse through complex tissues. additionally, the spirochete outruns the host immune cells while migrating through the dermis, suggesting the importance of b. burgdorferi motility in evading host clearance. b. burgdorferi's periplasmic flagellar filaments are composed p ... | 2013 | 23529620 |
| the index herd with pmws in sweden: presence of serum amyloid a, circovirus 2 viral load and antibody levels in healthy and pmws-affected pigs. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is an emerging disease in pigs of multifactorial origin, but associated to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection. pmws was first diagnosed in sweden at a progeny test station that received pigs aged five weeks from 19 different nucleus herds on the day after weaning. the objective of this study was to examine, for the first time in an index outbreak of pmws, the relationship between pcv2 virus, antibodies to pcv2 and serum amyloid a (saa) in ... | 2009 | 19327135 |
| in vitro antagonistic activities of lactobacillus spp. against brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli. | the sensitivity of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli, respectively the causative agents of swine dysentery and porcine intestinal spirochaetosis to two probiotic lactobacillus strains, l. rhamnosus cncm-i-3698 and l. farciminis cncm-i-3699 was studied through viability, motility and coaggregation assays. the cell-free supernatant of these lactobacilli contains lactic acid, that is stressful for brachyspira (leading to the formation of spherical bodies), and lethal. it was dem ... | 2009 | 19356863 |
| the selection of single-chain fv antibody fragments specific to bhlp 29.7 protein of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | single-chain antibodies (scfv) specific to brachyspira hyodysenteriae were isolated from a phagemid library. recombinant bhlp 29.7 protein was used for scfv selection and individual clones were tested by elisa and immunofluorescent test; four unique clones were isolated. one of selected clones was able to bind specifically b. hyodysenteriae in elisa and immunofluorescence test. this is the first report of species-specific recombinant antibodies against b. hyodysenteriae. | 2009 | 19381477 |
| variation in hemolytic activity of brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains from pigs. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the primary cause of swine dysentery, which is responsible for major economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. the hemolytic activity of 10 b. hyodysenteriae strains isolated from stools of pigs with mild to mucohemorrhagic diarrhea was compared and seven hemolysis associated genes were sequenced. hemolysis induced by these strains varied from strong to near absent. one weakly hemolytic b. hyodysenteriae strain showed sequence changes in five hemolysis associat ... | 2016 | 27338265 |
| signaling components in bacterial locomotion and sensory reception. | | 2000 | 10692349 |
| spirochaetes as intestinal pathogens: lessons from a brachyspira genome. | anaerobic spirochaetes of the genus brachyspira have long been known as important gut pathogens of pigs, but increasingly they are recognised as causing disease in birds and other animal species, including human beings. the genome sequence of the major swine pathogen brachyspira hyodysenteriae was recently published, and this revealed extensive genome optimisation that leads to adaptation to the complex environment of the colon. the genome sequences of other pathogenic and non-pathogenic brachys ... | 2009 | 19405984 |
| experimental challenge of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) with brachyspira hyodysenteriae and "brachyspira suanatina" isolated from pigs and mallards. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of swine dysentery, and a recently proposed and closely related enteropathogenic spirochaete "brachyspira suanatina", originally isolated from pigs or mallards (anas platyrhynchos), were used to inoculate week-old mallard ducklings orally or cloacally. the colonization rate, clinical outcome, faecal dry matter content, blood leucocyte counts and gross, microscopical and electron microscopical features 14-16 days post-inoculation were investigate ... | 2009 | 19640549 |
| comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. | the continued rise of clostridium difficile infections worldwide has been accompanied by the rapid emergence of a highly virulent clone designated pcr-ribotype 027. to understand more about the evolution of this virulent clone, we made a three-way genomic and phenotypic comparison of an 'historic' non-epidemic 027 c. difficile (cd196), a recent epidemic and hypervirulent 027 (r20291) and a previously sequenced pcr-ribotype 012 strain (630). | 2009 | 19781061 |
| prophylactic treatment with hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (african potato) methanolic extract ameliorates brachyspira hyodysenteriae-induced murine typhlocolitis. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery and induces a characteristic mucosal inflammation resulting in pronounced typhlocolitis in swine and mice. hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (african potato) is a traditional medicine in southern africa. an african potato methanolic extract (apme) and one of its major constituents, hypoxoside, have been shown in vitro to possess an anti-inflammatory property. the aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of apme to prevent or amel ... | 2010 | 20404038 |
| metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma in an 8-year-old gilt. | an 8-y-old gilt was evaluated after the onset of hemorrhagic perineal discharge. uterine adenocarcinoma with metastases to the lungs and regional lymph nodes was diagnosed at necropsy. tumor cells lacked expression of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor. this case represents the first reported uterine adenocarcinoma in a research pig and the first swine uterine neoplasia in which steroid hormone receptor expression was evaluated. | 2009 | 19930830 |
| differential regulation of the multiple flagellins in spirochetes. | the expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma(28) factor flia, and an anti-sigma(28) factor, flgm. however, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. in these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. the flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three flab core proteins and at least one flaa sheath protein. here, the genetica ... | 2010 | 20304988 |
| the effect of infection order of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on dually infected swine alveolar macrophages. | concurrent infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is known as one of the major causes for porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). dual infection with pcv2 and prrsv is consistently to have more severe clinical presentations and pulmonary lesions than infection with pcv2 alone or prrsv alone. however, it is not known if dual infections with pcv2 and prrsv in different infection order may lead to different clinical sympto ... | 2012 | 23009687 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli isolated in sweden between 1990 and 2010. | the anaerobic spirochetes brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli cause diarrheal diseases in pigs. their fastidious nature has hampered standardization of methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. for monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility wild type cutoff values are needed to define where the wild type distribution of mics ends and no approved cutoffs are available for brachyspira spp. in this study antimicrobial susceptibility data for both species (in total 906 isol ... | 2012 | 22998753 |
| characterization of autonomic nerve markers and lymphocyte subsets in the ileal peyer's patch of pigs infected experimentally with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the aim of the present study was to investigate potential interrelationships between immune and neural elements of peyer's patches in normal pigs (n=8) and in pigs infected experimentally with brachyspira hyodysenteriae and suffering from swine dysentery (n=8). assessment of tissue concentration of neuropeptides by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay revealed increased levels of galanin (gal) and substance p (sp) in samples from the infected animals. in contrast, concentrations of vasoactive intes ... | 2010 | 20605161 |
| genome scanning of amazonian plasmodium falciparum shows subtelomeric instability and clindamycin-resistant parasites. | here, we fully characterize the genomes of 14 plasmodium falciparum patient isolates taken recently from the iquitos region using genome scanning, a microarray-based technique that delineates the majority of single-base changes, indels, and copy number variants distinguishing the coding regions of two clones. we show that the parasite population in the peruvian amazon bears a limited number of genotypes and low recombination frequencies. despite the essentially clonal nature of some isolates, we ... | 2010 | 20829224 |
| one for all or all for one: heterogeneous expression and host cell lysis are key to gene transfer agent activity in rhodobacter capsulatus. | the gene transfer agent (rcgta) of rhodobacter capsulatus is the model for a family of novel bacteriophage-related genetic elements that carry out lateral transfer of essentially random host dna. genuine and putative gene transfer agents have been discovered in diverse genera and are becoming recognized as potentially an important source of genetic exchange and microbial evolution in the oceans. despite being discovered over 30 years ago, little is known about many essential aspects of rcgta bio ... | 2012 | 22916305 |
| capreomycin susceptibility is increased by tlya-directed 2'-o-methylation on both ribosomal subunits. | the binding site of the cyclic peptide antibiotics capreomycin and viomycin is located on the ribosomal subunit interface close to nucleotides c1409 in 16s rrna and c1920 in 23s rrna. in mycobacterium tuberculosis, the 2'-hydroxyls of both nucleotides are methylated by the enzyme tlya. loss of these methylations through inactivation of tlya confers resistance to capreomycin and viomycin. we report here that tlya orthologues occur in diverse bacteria and fall into two distinct groups. one group, ... | 2012 | 22779429 |
| dissemination of clonal groups of brachyspira hyodysenteriae amongst pig farms in spain, and their relationships to isolates from other countries. | swine dysentery (sd) is a widespread diarrhoeal disease of pigs caused by infection of the large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. understanding the dynamics of sd, and hence being able to develop more effective measures to counter its spread, depends on the ability to characterise b. hyodysenteriae variants and trace relationships of epidemic strains. | 2012 | 22723934 |
| gene transfer agents: phage-like elements of genetic exchange. | horizontal gene transfer is important in the evolution of bacterial and archaeal genomes. an interesting genetic exchange process is carried out by diverse phage-like gene transfer agents (gtas) that are found in a wide range of prokaryotes. although gtas resemble phages, they lack the hallmark capabilities that define typical phages, and they package random pieces of the producing cell's genome. in this review, we discuss the defining characteristics of the gtas that have been identified to dat ... | 2012 | 22683880 |
| the chimeric genome of sphaerochaeta: nonspiral spirochetes that break with the prevalent dogma in spirochete biology. | spirochaetes is one of a few bacterial phyla that are characterized by a unifying diagnostic feature, namely, the helical morphology and motility conferred by axial periplasmic flagella. their unique morphology and mode of propulsion also represent major pathogenicity factors of clinical spirochetes. here we describe the genome sequences of two coccoid isolates of the recently described genus sphaerochaeta which are members of the phylum spirochaetes based on 16s rrna gene and whole-genome phylo ... | 2012 | 22589287 |
| novel plasmids and resistance phenotypes in yersinia pestis: unique plasmid inventory of strain java 9 mediates high levels of arsenic resistance. | growing evidence suggests that the plasmid repertoire of yersinia pestis is not restricted to the three classical virulence plasmids. the java 9 strain of y. pestis is a biovar orientalis isolate obtained from a rat in indonesia. although it lacks the y. pestis-specific plasmid pmt, which encodes the f1 capsule, it retains virulence in mouse and non-human primate animal models. while comparing diverse y. pestis strains using subtractive hybridization, we identified sequences in java 9 that were ... | 2012 | 22479347 |
| molecular mechanisms and biological role of campylobacter jejuni attachment to host cells. | adhesion to host cells is an important step in pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni, which is the most prevalent bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. in contrast to other bacteria such as e. coli and salmonella, adherence of c. jejuni is not mediated by fimbria or pili. a number of c. jejuni adhesion-related factors have been described. however, the results obtained by different researchers in different laboratories are often contradictory and inconclusive, with only some of the f ... | 2012 | 24611119 |
| xenotransplantation-associated infectious risk: a who consultation. | xenotransplantation carries the potential risk of the transmission of infection with the cells or tissues of the graft. the degree of risk is unknown in the absence of clinical trials. the clinical application of xenotransplantation has important implications for infectious disease surveillance, both at the national and international levels. preclinical data indicate that infectious disease events associated with clinical xenotransplantation from swine, should they occur, will be rare; data in h ... | 2012 | 22497509 |
| rodents on pig and chicken farms - a potential threat to human and animal health. | rodents can cause major problems through spreading various diseases to animals and humans. the two main species of rodents most commonly found on farms around the world are the house mouse (mus musculus) and the brown rat (rattus norvegicus). both species are omnivorous and can breed year-round under favourable conditions. this review describes the occurrence of pathogens in rodents on specialist pig and chicken farms, which are usually closed units with a high level of bio-security. however, wi ... | 2012 | 22957130 |
| the major surface vsp proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae form antigenic protein complexes. | the vsp proteins are the major outer membrane proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery. eight vsp genes have been identified in b. hyodysenteriae strain b204, arranged into two four-gene loci, and at least two of the corresponding proteins are produced in vitro. the aims of this study were to characterise the vsp genes of the virulent australian b. hyodysenteriae strain x576 and their corresponding proteins, genomic sequence comparison with strains b204 and ... | 2010 | 21036493 |
| typhlocolitis associated with spirochaetes in duck flocks. | the aetiology of increased mortality observed in two breeder duck flocks (flock a consisting of 3500 laying ducks and flock b comprising 4300 laying ducks) during the first egg-laying season was studied. in flocks a and b, 773 ducks and 715 ducks (18.4% and 16.6%) died within a 24-week and a 20-week period, respectively. death was preceded by clinical signs including movement difficulties, lack of appetite and depression lasting for 1 to 2 days. diarrhoea was not observed. on gross pathological ... | 2011 | 21331945 |
| molecular modeling and in silico characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis tlya: possible misannotation of this tubercle bacilli-hemolysin. | the tlya protein has a controversial function as a virulence factor in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). at present, its dual activity as hemolysin and rna methyltransferase in m. tuberculosis has been indirectly proposed based on in vitro results. there is no evidence however for tlya relevance in the survival of tubercle bacilli inside host cells or whether both activities are functionally linked. a thorough analysis of structure prediction for this mycobacterial protein in this st ... | 2011 | 21443791 |
| trends towards lower antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of acquired resistance among clinical isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae in spain. | antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae in spain was monitored and the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance were investigated. minimal inhibitory concentrations of tylosin, tiamulin, valnemulin, lincomycin and tylvalosin were determined for 87 b. hyodysenteriae isolates recovered from 2008 to 2009 by broth dilution. domain v of the 23s rrna gene and the ribosomal protein l3 gene were sequenced in 20 isolates with tiamulin mic ≥4 μg/ml, presenting ... | 2011 | 21555771 |
| bloodstream infection due to brachyspira pilosicoli in a patient with multiorgan failure. | brachyspira pilosicoli is an etiological agent of human intestinal spirochetosis. bloodstream infection due to this microorganism is rare. we report a case of b. pilosicoli bacteremia in a 70-year-old patient who presented with multiorgan failure. | 2011 | 21832021 |
| a high dietary concentration of inulin is necessary to reduce the incidence of swine dysentery in pigs experimentally challenged with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | a total of sixty surgically castrated male pigs (large white-á+ù-álandrace) weighing 31-à2 (sd 4-à3)-ákg were used in a randomised block experiment to examine the effect of added dietary inulin (0, 20, 40 and 80-ág/kg) on the occurrence of swine dysentery (sd) and on fermentation characteristics in the large intestine after experimental challenge with the causative spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the pigs were allowed to adapt to the diets for 2 weeks before each pig was challenged orall ... | 2011 | 21736788 |
| evaluation of the use of recombinant bhlp29.7 in immunoblotting with pig serum as a means to identify herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | aims:ôçé aim of the study is to evaluate the use of recombinant bhlp29.7 in immunoblotting with sera as a means to detect pig herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. methods and results:ôçé sera samples from 789 sows and rectal swabs from 838 pigs of various categories on 22 farms of different size (median 450 animals), production type and history of swine dysentery (sd) were examined. sera from 378 sows from farms with previous sd history were examined via immunoblotting. specific antib ... | 2011 | 21838749 |
| phenotypic and genetic diversity among intestinal spirochaetes (genus brachyspira) in free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) sampled in southern sweden. | brachyspira spp. are anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes that colonize vertebrates. some species cause enteric diseases in pigs, chickens and possibly in humans, whereas others display a commensual relationship with their hosts. the aims were to investigate the prevalence among colonized free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) of three enteropathogenic brachyspira spp., and to describe the biodiversity of brachyspira spp. isolates. isolates from 150 birds were screened by pcr for 3 pathogen ... | 2011 | 22036527 |
| antibiotics in feed induce prophages in swine fecal microbiomes. | antibiotics are a cost-effective tool for improving feed efficiency and preventing disease in agricultural animals, but the full scope of their collateral effects is not understood. antibiotics have been shown to mediate gene transfer by inducing prophages in certain bacterial strains; therefore, one collateral effect could be prophage induction in the gut microbiome at large. here we used metagenomics to evaluate the effect of two antibiotics in feed (carbadox and asp250 [chlortetracycline, sul ... | 2011 | 22128350 |
| the use of elisas for monitoring exposure of pig herds to brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | abstract: background: swine dysentery (sd), a mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoeal disease of pigs, results from infection of the large intestine with the spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. elisa systems using whole spirochaete cells (wc) and the b. hyodysenteriae outer membrane lipoprotein bhlp29.7 previously have been established as potential diagnostic tools for sd. however, their true value in identifying infected herds remains unclear. the present study aimed to compare the performance of whol ... | 2012 | 22248341 |
| diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens. | porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ... | 2011 | 22362939 |
| association between faecal load of lawsonia intracellularis and pathological findings of proliferative enteropathy in pigs with diarrhoea. | the study was designed to investigate correlation between histological findings of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine cases of diarrhoea and the quantitative detection of lawsonia intracellularis in faeces. a total of 156 pigs (10 to 70 days post weaning) with diarrhoea were randomly selected from 20 herds: the pigs were subjected to necropsy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and faecal quantification of lawsonia intracellularis by real time pcr. | 2012 | 23092367 |
| flaa proteins in leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath. | spirochetes have periplasmic flagella composed of a core surrounded by a sheath. the pathogen leptospira interrogans has four flab (proposed core subunit) and two flaa (proposed sheath subunit) genes. the flaa genes are organized in a locus with flaa2 immediately upstream of flaa1. in this study, flaa1 and flaa2 mutants were constructed by transposon mutagenesis. both mutants still produced periplasmic flagella. the flaa1 mutant did not produce flaa1 but continued to produce flaa2 and retained n ... | 2012 | 22451522 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pbp genes in treponemes. | β-lactamases are the main cause of bacterial resistance to penicillin, cephalosporins, and related β-lactam compounds. the presence of the novel penicillin-binding protein (pbp) tp47 in treponema pallidum has been reported to be a well-known mechanism for turnover of b-lactam antibiotics. although, t. pallidum remains sensitive to penicillin, clinically significant resistance to macrolides has emerged in many developing countries. the genome sequence of t. pallidum has shown the presence of gene ... | 2013 | 23330059 |
| draft genome sequence of 'treponema phagedenis' strain v1, isolated from bovine digital dermatitis. | 'treponema phagedenis' is considered to be a key agent in the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis, an infectious foot condition of economic and animal welfare importance. we hereby report the draft sequence of 't. phagedenis' strain v1. the draft genome assembly consists of 51 scaffolds comprising 3,129,551 bp and a gc-content of 39.9 %. putative pathogenicity related factors have been identified in the genome that can be used in future studies to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanism ... | 2015 | 26392840 |
| the gastrointestinal tract as a potential infection reservoir of digital dermatitis-associated treponemes in beef cattle and sheep. | digital dermatitis (dd) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. it has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [codd]). three treponema phylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions, treponema medium-like, treponema phagedenis-like, and treponema pedis. the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and feces are suggested sites of treponemal infection in dairy cattle; however, isolation of dd-associated treponemes from these areas has prev ... | 2015 | 26276110 |
| evolution and the complexity of bacteriophages. | the genomes of both long-genome (> 200 kb) bacteriophages and long-genome eukaryotic viruses have cellular gene homologs whose selective advantage is not explained. these homologs add genomic and possibly biochemical complexity. understanding their significance requires a definition of complexity that is more biochemically oriented than past empirically based definitions. | 2007 | 17355641 |
| a flood of microbial genomes-do we need more? | | 2009 | 19513110 |
| genome wide expression analysis of cbs domain containing proteins in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh and oryza sativa l. reveals their developmental and stress regulation. | in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh and oryza sativa l., a large number of genes encode proteins of unknown functions, whose characterization still remains one of the major challenges. with an aim to characterize these unknown proteins having defined features (pdfs) in plants, we have chosen to work on proteins having a cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs) domain. cbs domain as such has no defined function(s) but plays a regulatory role for many enzymes and thus helps in maintaining the intracellula ... | 2009 | 19400948 |
| progress in aminocyclitol biosynthesis. | a stream of genetic and biochemical information available for the biosynthesis of aminocyclitols over the past few years has provided the foundation to study the modes of formation of this clinically important class of natural products. in addition to work on the identification and functional analysis of aminocyclitol biosynthetic gene clusters, a contingent of recent studies has focused on the detailed analysis of unique enzymatic and catalytic mechanisms inherent to these pathways. the results ... | 2009 | 19321377 |
| using the noninvasive (13)c-sucrose breath test to measure intestinal sucrase activity in swine. | the sucrose breath test (sbt) is a simple noninvasive technique used currently to determine intestinal absorptive function in humans and rodents. however, to date, the test has not been adapted for use in swine. during weaning, intestinal sucrase activity in piglets temporarily declines in response to stressors and is commonly used as a marker of the intestinal response to weaning. here we assessed the sucrose dose needed for using the sbt in piglets. six randomly allocated piglets were orogastr ... | 2012 | 23561884 |
| association between average daily gain, faecal dry matter content and concentration of lawsonia intracellularis in faeces. | the objective of this study was to investigate the association between average daily gain and the number of lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in faeces of growing pigs with different levels of diarrhoea. | 2012 | 23013807 |
| secretion of immunomodulating neuropeptides (vip, sp) and nitric oxide synthase in porcine small intestine during postnatal development. | immunohistological identification/localization of immunomodulating neuropeptides [vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and substance p (sp)] and enzyme nitric oxide synthase (nos) as well as histomorphometric analyses of kinetics of their release and development of respective nerve fibers density during postnatal ontogenesis of porcine intestinal mucosal immune system (imis), were performed in order to assess the role of these molecules involved in maturation of the imis. the kinetcs of react ... | 2012 | 23027346 |
| collateral effects of antibiotics on mammalian gut microbiomes. | antibiotics are an essential component of the modern lifestyle. they improve our lives by treating disease, preventing disease, and in the case of agricultural animals by improving feed efficiency. however, antibiotic usage is not without collateral effects. the development and spread of antibiotic resistance is the most notorious concern associated with antibiotic use. new technologies have enabled the study of how the microbiota responds to the antibiotic disturbance, including how the communi ... | 2012 | 22825498 |
| phosphate concentration and the putative sensor kinase protein ccka modulate cell lysis and release of the rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent. | the gene transfer agent of rhodobacter capsulatus (rcgta) is a bacteriophage-like genetic element with the sole known function of horizontal gene transfer. homologues of rcgta genes are present in many members of the alphaproteobacteria and may serve an important role in microbial evolution. transcription of rcgta genes is induced as cultures enter the stationary phase; however, little is known about cis-active sequences. in this work, we identify the promoter of the first gene in the rcgta stru ... | 2013 | 23995641 |
| the pathogenic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli forms a diverse recombinant species demonstrating some local clustering of related strains and potential for zoonotic spread. | brachyspira pilosicoli is an anaerobic spirochaete that can colonizes the large intestine of many host species. infection is particularly problematic in pigs and adult poultry, causing colitis and diarrhea, but it is also known to result in clinical problems in human beings. despite the economic importance of the spirochaete as an animal pathogen, and its potential as a zoonotic agent, it has not received extensive study. | 2013 | 23957888 |
| mutational analysis of cj0183 campylobacter jejuni promoter. | gene-nominated cj0183 was identified in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 and in two human isolates 81116 and 81-176. it encodes a protein which shows partial homology to tlyc of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the aim of this work was to determine the mechanisms of gene regulation by cloning dna fragments lying upstream of the cj0183 gene. the β-galactosidase activity determined for the strain harboring the plasmid with the fragment upstream of cj0183 indicated the presence of a promoter in this dna ... | 2013 | 23884593 |
| fecal shedding of brachyspira spp. on a farrow-to-finish swine farm with a clinical history of "brachyspira hampsonii"-associated colitis. | brachyspira associated diarrhea is a re-emerging concern for canadian swine producers. to identify critical control points for reducing the impact of brachyspira on production, improved diagnostic tools and a better understanding of the on-farm epidemiology of these pathogens are required. a cross-sectional study was conducted for the detection of brachyspira on a commercial, two-site, farrow-to-finish pork production unit in saskatchewan, canada with a clinical history of mucohaemorrhagic colit ... | 2013 | 23844564 |
| swine dysentery: aetiology, pathogenicity, determinants of transmission and the fight against the disease. | swine dysentery (sd) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease of pigs caused by brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which has a large impact on pig production and causes important losses due to mortality and sub-optimal performance. although b. hyodysenteriae has been traditionally considered a pathogen mainly transmitted by direct contact, through the introduction of subclinically infected animals into a previously uninfected herd, recent findings position b. hyodysenteriae as a potential threat for ... | 2013 | 23665849 |
| nutritional protective mechanisms against gut inflammation. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a debilitating and widespread immune-mediated illness characterized by excessive inflammatory and effector mucosal responses leading to tissue destruction at the gastrointestinal tract. interactions among the immune system, the commensal microbiota and the host genotype are thought to underlie the pathogenesis of ibd. however, the precise etiology of ibd remains unknown. diet-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiome can modulate the induction o ... | 2013 | 23541470 |
| structures and properties of naturally occurring polyether antibiotics. | polyether ionophores represent a large group of natural, biologically active substances produced by streptomyces spp. they are lipid soluble and able to transport metal cations across cell membranes. several of polyether ionophores are widely used as growth promoters in veterinary. polyether antibiotics show a broad spectrum of bioactivity ranging from antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, and tumour cell cytotoxicity. recently, it has been shown that some of these compounds are a ... | 2013 | 23586016 |
| reproduction of mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea and colitis indistinguishable from swine dysentery following experimental inoculation with "brachyspira hampsonii" strain 30446. | mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea caused by brachyspira hyodysenteriae, swine dysentery, is a severe production limiting disease of swine. recently, pigs in western canada with clinical signs indistinguishable from swine dysentery were observed. despite the presence of spirochetes on fecal smears, recognized brachyspira spp. including b. hyodysenteriae could not be identified. a phylogenetically distinct brachyspira, called "b. hampsonii" strain 30446, however was isolated. the purpose of this study was ... | 2013 | 23460829 |
| movers and shakers: influence of bacteriophages in shaping the mammalian gut microbiota. | the human intestinal microbiota is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on earth, containing up to 10 ( 13) bacteria/g and in some respects can be considered an organ itself given its role in human health. bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant replicating entities on the planet and thrive wherever their bacterial hosts exist. they undoubtedly influence the dominant microbial populations in many ecosystems including the human intestine. within this setting, lysogeny appears to be ... | 2013 | 23022738 |
| investigation of the impact of increased dietary insoluble fiber through the feeding of distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) on the incidence and severity of brachyspira-associated colitis in pigs. | diet has been implicated as a major factor impacting clinical disease expression of swine dysentery and brachyspira hyodysenteriae colonization. however, the impact of diet on novel pathogenic strongly beta-hemolytic brachyspira spp. including "b. hampsonii" has yet to be investigated. in recent years, distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs), a source of insoluble dietary fiber, has been increasingly included in diets of swine. a randomized complete block experiment was used to examine the ... | 2014 | 25485776 |