| implant therapy following liver transplantation: clinical and microbiological results after 10 years. | the number of immunocompromised patients is increasing as a consequence of successful organ transplantation. placing dental implants in these patients has been questioned because of their increased risk for infections. the 10-year follow-up data of a 71-year-old liver transplant recipient with long-term immunosuppressive therapy is reported. six months after liver transplantation, two interforaminal implants were inserted in the edentulous mandible, and an overdenture using non-rigid telescopic ... | 2004 | 15295960 |
| real-time taqman pcr for quantifying oral bacteria during biofilm formation. | a taqman pcr was developed for quantifying early colonizer microorganisms in dental biofilms. to design species-specific primers and taqman probes, genomic subtractive hybridization was used. this quantitative assay in combination with subtractive hybridization may be of value in the study of microbial ecosystems consisting of related species that are involved in the formation and etiology of biofilms. | 2004 | 15297540 |
| microbiological shifts in intra- and extraoral habitats following mechanical periodontal therapy. | the aim of the present study was to analyze the intra- and extraoral colonization dynamics of periodontal pathogens following supra- and subgingival debridement. | 2004 | 15312101 |
| development of a novel chloramphenicol resistance expression plasmid used for genetic complementation of a flig deletion mutant in treponema denticola. | a new expression plasmid containing the fla operon promoter and a staphylococcal chloramphenicol resistance gene, was constructed to help assess the role of flig in treponema denticola motility. deletion of flig resulted in a nonmotile mutant with a markedly decreased number of flagellar filaments. wild-type flig genes from t. denticola and from treponema pallidum were cloned into this expression plasmid. in both cases, the gene restored the ability of the mutant to gyrate its cell ends and enab ... | 2004 | 15322052 |
| treponema species associated with abscesses of endodontic origin. | spirochetes have been frequently observed in abscesses of endodontic origin, but they have rarely been identified. this study sought to investigate the prevalence of eight oral treponemes in acute periradicular abscesses using a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction assay. purulent exudate was collected by aspiration from 19 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscesses and dna extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16s rdna primers. a second round of a ... | 2004 | 15327648 |
| selected endodontic pathogens in the apical third of infected root canals: a molecular investigation. | bacteria located at the apical portion of the root canals are conceivably in a strategic position to induce damage to the periradicular tissues and resulting inflammatory diseases. this study sought to investigate the prevalence of 11 selected putative endodontic pathogens in the apical third of infected root canals associated with periradicular lesions. the apical root portion of 23 extracted teeth with carious pulpal exposures and attached periradicular lesions was sectioned, and the root cana ... | 2004 | 15329567 |
| in search of rnase p rna from microbial genomes. | a simple procedure has been developed to quickly retrieve and validate the dna sequence encoding the rna subunit of ribonuclease p (rnase p rna) from microbial genomes. rnase p rna sequences were identified from 94% of bacterial and archaeal complete genomes where previously no rnase p rna was annotated. a sequence was found in camelpox virus, highly conserved in all orthopoxviruses (including smallpox virus), which could fold into a putative rnase p rna in terms of conserved primary features an ... | 2004 | 15337843 |
| contribution of periodontal pathogens on tongue dorsa analyzed with real-time pcr to oral malodor. | oral malodor is considered to originate primarily from tongue microbiota populations. however, the relationship between oral malodor and tongue microbiota remains unclear. in this study, tongue periodontal pathogens were analyzed via real-time pcr, and the association between oral malodor and tongue periodontal pathogens, including porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, prevotella intermedia, prevotella nigrescens and treponema denticola, was examined. the subject population consisted o ... | 2004 | 15380777 |
| outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes. | pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever. spirochetal bacteria possess two membranes and the proteins present in the outer membrane are at the site of interaction with host tissue and the immune system. this review describes the current knowledge in the field of spirochetal outer membrane protein (omp) biology. what is known concerning bioge ... | 2004 | 15449605 |
| clinical and microbiological effects of topical subgingival application of hyaluronic acid gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. | hyaluronic acid (ha) has shown anti-inflammatory effects in gingivitis therapy. the potential benefits of local subgingival application of ha adjunctive to scaling and root planing (srp) were evaluated in this study. | 2004 | 15455740 |
| treponema pallidum fibronectin-binding proteins. | putative adhesins were predicted by computer analysis of the treponema pallidum genome. two treponemal proteins, tp0155 and tp0483, demonstrated specific attachment to fibronectin, blocked bacterial adherence to fibronectin-coated slides, and supported attachment of fibronectin-producing mammalian cells. these results suggest tp0155 and tp0483 are fibronectin-binding proteins mediating t. pallidum-host interactions. | 2004 | 15466055 |
| genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of borrelia burgdorferi for identification of phenotypic mutants. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme disease, the leading vector-borne illness in the united states. many of the genetic factors affecting spirochete morphology and physiology are unknown due to the limited genetic tools available and the large number of open reading frames with unknown functions. by adapting a mariner transposon to function in b. burgdorferi, we have developed a random mutagenesis system that tags the mutated locus for rapid identification. transpo ... | 2004 | 15466540 |
| comparative genomics of the ftsk-hera superfamily of pumping atpases: implications for the origins of chromosome segregation, cell division and viral capsid packaging. | recently, it has been shown that a predicted p-loop atpase (the hera or mlaa protein), which is highly conserved in archaea and also present in many bacteria but absent in eukaryotes, has a bidirectional helicase activity and forms hexameric rings similar to those described for the trwb atpase. in this study, the ftsk-hera superfamily of p-loop atpases, in which the hera clade comprises one of the major branches, is analyzed in detail. we show that, in addition to the ftsk and hera clades, this ... | 2004 | 15466593 |
| need for procedural details in detection of periodontopathic bacterial dna in the atheromatous plaque by pcr. | | 2004 | 15472382 |
| subgingival microbiota of chronic periodontitis subjects from different geographic locations. | most clinical studies assume that the subgingival microbiota is similar from one geographic location to another. the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the composition of the subgingival microbiota in chronic periodontitis subjects from four countries. | 2004 | 15491316 |
| the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria among japanese children and their parents. | it is not well known how periodontopathic bacteria colonize in the oral cavity during childhood. the purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria in oral cavities of children and their parents and the relationship between the bacterial findings and clinical parameters. | 2004 | 15491344 |
| detection frequency of periodontitis-associated bacteria by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival and supragingival plaque of periodontitis and healthy subjects. | the aim of this study was to compare the detection frequencies of 25 bacterial species in subgingival and supragingival plaque of 18 untreated periodontitis subjects and 12 periodontally healthy subjects. genomic dna was extracted from subgingival and supragingival plaque samples, and bacterial detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction of the 16s rrna genes. fourteen bacteria showed no relationship with periodontitis, and 11 of these 14 species were frequently detected (> or =50%) in ... | 2004 | 15491463 |
| resistance to human beta-defensins is common among oral treponemes. | oral treponemes are implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. we have previously shown that treponema denticola atcc type strains and strain gm-1 are resistant to killing by human beta-defensins (hbetad)-1 and -2. we hypothesize that resistance to beta-defensins is a common feature of oral treponemes, which allows colonization and persistence in the oral cavity. in this study, we tested additional isolates of t. denticola, as well as six other species of treponemes, for resistance t ... | 2004 | 15491467 |
| extracellular secretion of the borrelia burgdorferi oms28 porin and bgp, a glycosaminoglycan binding protein. | borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease pathogen, cycles between its ixodes tick vector and vertebrate hosts, adapting to vastly different biochemical environments. spirochete gene expression as a function of temperature, ph, growth phase, and host milieu is well studied, and recent work suggests that regulatory networks are involved. here, we examine the release of borrelia burgdorferi strain b31 proteins into conditioned medium. spirochetes intrinsically radiolabeled at concentrations ranging f ... | 2004 | 15501754 |
| intra-familial distribution of nine putative periodontopathogens in dental plaque samples analyzed by pcr. | it is of great importance to understand the distribution of periodontopathogens within family members when considering the risk of periodontitis in children. the purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of periodontopathogens among family members. we used the polymerase chain reaction method to test 4,8, and 7 probands with healthy gingiva, gingivitis, and periodontitis, respectively, and their 60 immediate family members. plaque samples were collected from all erupted teeth sit ... | 2004 | 15508747 |
| an unusual integron in treponema denticola. | | 2004 | 15528643 |
| the microbiological case for adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. | that chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease is now firmly established, and the primary role of porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythensis and treponema denticola is generally accepted. treatment by mechanical means such as scaling and root planing or surgery generally results in significant clinical improvement but may not arrest the progress or recurrence of disease. several studies have shown that the probability of achieving lasting stability as measured by the arrest of progre ... | 2004 | 15536782 |
| identification of early microbial colonizers in human dental biofilm. | to elucidate the first colonizers within in vivo dental biofilm and to establish potential population shifts that occur during the early phases of biofilm formation. | 2004 | 15546422 |
| comparative analysis of the borrelia garinii genome. | three members of the genus borrelia (b.burgdorferi, b.garinii, b.afzelii) cause tick-borne borreliosis. depending on the borrelia species involved, the borreliosis differs in its clinical symptoms. comparative genomics opens up a way to elucidate the underlying differences in borrelia species. we analysed a low redundancy whole-genome shotgun (wgs) assembly of a b.garinii strain isolated from a patient with neuroborreliosis in comparison to the b.burgdorferi genome. this analysis reveals that mo ... | 2004 | 15547252 |
| rubrerythrin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus is a rubredoxin-dependent, iron-containing peroxidase. | rubrerythrin was purified by multistep chromatography under anaerobic, reducing conditions from the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus. it is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 39.2 kda and contains 2.9 +/- 0.2 iron atoms per subunit. the purified protein had peroxidase activity at 85 degrees c using hydrogen peroxide with reduced p. furiosus rubredoxin as the electron donor. the specific activity was 36 micromol of rubredoxin oxidized/min/mg with apparent k(m) values of 35 and 70 ... | 2004 | 15547260 |
| herpesviruses, the missing link between gingivitis and periodontitis? | herpesviruses appear to assume a major etiopathogenic role in various types of destructive periodontal disease. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and hcmv-ebv co-infection are closely associated with disease-active periodontitis in juveniles and adults, with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in children, and with periodontal abscesses. in particular, hcmv reactivation in periodontitis lesions seems to be linked to advancing disease. hcmv infects periodontal monocytes/m ... | 2004 | 15553977 |
| evolutionary relationships of fusobacterium nucleatum based on phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. | the phylogenetic position and evolutionary relationships of fusobacteria remain uncertain. especially intriguing is their relatedness to low g+c gram positive bacteria (firmicutes) by ribosomal molecular phylogenies, but their possession of a typical gram negative outer membrane. taking advantage of the recent completion of the fusobacterium nucleatum genome sequence we have examined the evolutionary relationships of fusobacterium genes by phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics tools. | 2004 | 15566569 |
| role of a nosx homolog in streptococcus gordonii in aerobic growth and biofilm formation. | oral streptococci such as streptococcus gordonii are facultative anaerobes that initiate biofilm formation on tooth surfaces. an isolated s. gordonii::tn917-lac biofilm-defective mutant contained a transposon insertion in an open reading frame (orf) encoding a homolog of nosx of ralstonia eutropha, a putative maturation factor of nitrous oxide reductase. located downstream are two genes, qor1 and qor2, predicted to encode two putative nadph quinone oxidoreductases. these three genes are cotransc ... | 2004 | 15576767 |
| culture-independent identification of periodontitis-associated porphyromonas and tannerella populations by targeted molecular analysis. | periodontitis is the commonest bacterial disease of humans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss. about half of the oral microflora is unculturable; and 16s rrna pcr, cloning, and sequencing techniques have demonstrated the high level of species richness of the oral microflora. in the present study, a pcr primer set specific for the genera porphyromonas and tannerella was designed and used to analyze the bacterial populations in subgingival plaque samples from inflamed shallow and deep site ... | 2004 | 15583276 |
| molecular detection of treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis in carotid and aortic atheromatous plaques by fish: report of two cases. | treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified in atheromatous plaques of two patients suffering from atherosclerosis by pcr and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the use of the fish technique suggested that these periodontopathic micro-organisms might be metabolically active within the wall of arteries, under the atherosclerotic lesion. | 2005 | 15591262 |
| enzyme adaptation to alkaline ph: atomic resolution (1.08 a) structure of phosphoserine aminotransferase from bacillus alcalophilus. | the crystal structure of the vitamin b(6)-dependent enzyme phosphoserine aminotransferase from the obligatory alkaliphile bacillus alcalophilus has been determined at 1.08 a resolution. the model was refined to an r-factor of 11.7% (r(free) = 13.9%). the enzyme displays a narrow ph optimum of enzymatic activity at ph 9.0. the final structure was compared to the previously reported structure of the mesophilic phosphoserine aminotransferase from escherichia coli and to that of phosphoserine aminot ... | 2005 | 15608117 |
| upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and proinflammatory cytokines by the major surface proteins of treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum, the phylogenetic group iv oral spirochetes associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections. | treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum belong to the group iv oral spirochetes and are associated with endodontic infections, as well as periodontitis. recently, the genes encoding the major surface proteins (msps) of these bacteria (mspa and msptl, respectively) were cloned and sequenced. the amino acid sequences of these proteins showed significant similarity. in this study we analyzed the functional role of these homologous proteins in human monocytic thp-1 cells and primary cul ... | 2005 | 15618163 |
| the cytolethal distending toxin induces receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. | actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis, a disease characterized by rapid loss of the alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand (rankl) and osteoprotegerin (opg) are two molecules that regulate osteoclast formation and bone resorption. rankl induces osteoclast differentiation and activation, whereas opg blocks this process by acting as a decoy receptor for rankl. the purpose of this study was to investigate the ... | 2005 | 15618171 |
| biochemical characterization of phosphoryl transfer involving hpr of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in treponema denticola, an organism that lacks pts permeases. | treponema pallidum and treponema denticola encode within their genomes homologues of energy coupling and regulatory proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) but no recognizable homologues of pts permeases. these homologues include (1) enzyme i, (2) hpr, (3) two iia(ntr)-like proteins, and (4) hpr(ser) kinase/phosphorylase (hprk). because the enzyme i-encoding gene in t. pallidum is an inactive pseudogene and because all other pts genes in both t. pallidum and t. ... | 2005 | 15641785 |
| clinical effects of scaling and root planing on untreated teeth. | the aim of this report is to examine whether scaling and root planing (srp) in one area of the mouth may affect periodontal improvement in untreated areas in the same patient, possibly through systemic effects of treatment. | 2005 | 15642054 |
| nature of the genome of the saprophytic spirochete spirochaeta aurantia and its ribosomal rna operons. | using restriction endonucleases drai, asei, and i-ceui in conjunction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we have shown that spirochaeta aurantia m1 possesses a circular 3.98-mb genome. this is the second largest spirochete chromosome yet analyzed. the observation that the latter enzyme cuts in 3 places suggests the presence of 3 copies of the large subunit (23s) rrna gene (rrl), which was confirmed by southern hybridizations. the complete sequence of 2 of the ribosomal rna operons was determ ... | 2004 | 15644914 |
| detection of dna from periodontal pathogenic bacteria in biofilm obtained from waterlines in dental units. | direct person-to-person transmission of periodontal bacteria through saliva has recently been widely reported and dental units have been demonstrated to retract saliva from patients under treatment and to release it into the mouths of subjects undergoing the next operation. in this study the presence of a group of periodontal pathogenic bacteria inside waterlines in dental units was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based methods. briefly, 18 dental units of three different manu ... | 2004 | 15646054 |
| characterization of the roka and hexa broad-substrate-specificity hexokinases from bacteroides fragilis and their role in hexose and n-acetylglucosamine utilization. | bacteroides fragilis, a human gastrointestinal commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, utilizes simple and complex sugars and polysaccharides for growth in the large intestine and at sites of infection. because b. fragilis lacks transport-linked sugar phosphorylation systems, cytoplasmic kinase(s) was expected to be required for the phosphorylation of hexoses and hexosamines. we have now identified two hexose kinases that are important for growth of b. fragilis on glucose, mannose, and other su ... | 2005 | 15659667 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum increases collagenase 3 production and migration of epithelial cells. | fusobacterium nucleatum is closely associated with human periodontal diseases and may also be a causative agent in other infections, such as pericarditis, septic arthritis, and abscesses of tonsils and liver. initiation and outcome of infective diseases depend critically on the host cell signaling system altered by the microbe. production of proteinases by infected cells is an important factor in pericellular tissue destruction and cell migration. we studied binding of f. nucleatum to human epit ... | 2005 | 15664960 |
| mutagenesis of a novel gene in the prca-prtp protease locus affects expression of treponema denticola membrane complexes. | a novel gene was identified in the treponema denticola prca-prtp protease operon. strains with mutations in either the prca-prtp or the msp region showed altered expression of a product(s) of the other locus. together, these results provide information on the assembly of outer membrane complexes involved in t. denticola interaction with host cells and tissue. | 2005 | 15664975 |
| clinical and microbiological effect of scaling and root planing in smoker and non-smoker chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. | to compare the effects of scaling and root planing (srp) on clinical and microbiological parameters at selected sites in smoker and non-smoker chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. | 2005 | 15691352 |
| protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated proteobacteria. | evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. the functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. we clustered completely-sequenced proteomes of prokaryotes on the basis of their protein domain content, as defined by pfam (release 16.0). this revealed that, although there was a correlation between phylogeny and domain content, ot ... | 2005 | 15715905 |
| transcriptome of treponema pallidum: gene expression profile during experimental rabbit infection. | rna transcript levels in the syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (nichols) isolated from experimentally infected rabbits were determined by the use of dna microarray technology. this characterization of the t. pallidum transcriptome during experimental infection provides further insight into the importance of gene expression levels for the survival and pathogenesis of this bacterium. | 2005 | 15716460 |
| impact of sample storage on detection of periodontal bacteria. | information on the impact of sample storage prior to analysis by dna methods is limited. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subgingival sample storage on bacterial detection and enumeration. | 2005 | 15720575 |
| identification of a new borrelia species among small mammals in areas of northern spain where lyme disease is endemic. | the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts for borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in several areas where lyme disease is endemic in northern spain. a low rate of infestation by ixodes ricinus nymphs was found in the small mammal populations studied that correlated with the near-absence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato in 184 animals tested and with the lack of transmission of b. burgdorferi sensu lato to i. ricinus larvae that fed on them. in contrast, questing ticks collected at the same time ... | 2005 | 15746336 |
| quantitative detection of volatile sulfur compound- producing microorganisms in oral specimens using real-time pcr. | it is well-known that some periodontopathic bacteria, especially porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, tannerella forsythia (formerly bacteroides forsythus or tan. forsythensis), and treponema denticola, actively produce volatile sulfur compounds (vscs), such as h2s and ch3sh. we previously reported a qualitative relationship between periodontopathic bacteria and vscs; however, a quantitative analysis of periodontopathic bacteria in oral specimens is required for further characteriz ... | 2005 | 15752104 |
| halitosis and periodontal disease in subjects with mental disabilities. | the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between halitosis, presence of n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (bana) positive activity (indicative of treponema denticola, porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythensis) and periodontal conditions in subjects with mental disabilities. | 2005 | 15752108 |
| mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endothelial cells. | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) is expressed in vascular endothelial cells of inflamed gingival tissues and plays an important role in periodontal pathogenesis. endothelial cells produce high levels of mcp-1 in response to porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen. the present study investigated the mechanisms involved in mcp-1 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) following infection with p. gingivalis. in contrast to p. gingivalis, bacteroide ... | 2005 | 15780578 |
| the thermophilic, homohexameric aminopeptidase of borrelia burgdorferi is a member of the m29 family of metallopeptidases. | proteases are implicated in several aspects of the physiology of microorganisms, as well as in host-pathogen interactions. aminopeptidases are also emerging as novel drug targets in infectious agents. in this study, we have characterized an aminopeptidase from the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. the aminopeptidolytic activity was identified in cell extracts from b. burgdorferi by using the substrate leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. a protein displaying this ... | 2005 | 15784569 |
| phototargeting oral black-pigmented bacteria. | we have found that broadband light (380 to 520 nm) rapidly and selectively kills oral black-pigmented bacteria (bpb) in pure cultures and in dental plaque samples obtained from human subjects with chronic periodontitis. we hypothesize that this killing effect is a result of light excitation of their endogenous porphyrins. cultures of prevotella intermedia and p. nigrescens were killed by 4.2 j/cm2, whereas p. melaninogenica required 21 j/cm2. exposure to light with a fluence of 42 j/cm2 produced ... | 2005 | 15793117 |
| crystal structure of the flagellar rotor protein flin from thermotoga maritima. | flin is a component of the bacterial flagellum that is present at levels of more than 100 copies and forms the bulk of the c ring, a drum-shaped structure at the inner end of the basal body. flin interacts with flig and flim to form the rotor-mounted switch complex that controls clockwise-counterclockwise switching of the motor. in addition to its functions in motor rotation and switching, flin is thought to have a role in the export of proteins that form the exterior structures of the flagellum ... | 2005 | 15805535 |
| scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a brazilian population ii--microbiological results. | the current investigation evaluated changes in levels and proportions of 39 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples after scaling and root planing (srp) alone or in combination with systemic metronidazole and/or professional cleaning in subjects with chronic periodontitis. | 2005 | 15811059 |
| effective antiprotease-antibiotic treatment of experimental anthrax. | inhalation anthrax is characterized by a systemic spread of the challenge agent, bacillus anthracis. it causes severe damage, including multiple hemorrhagic lesions, to host tissues and organs. it is widely believed that anthrax lethal toxin secreted by proliferating bacteria is a major cause of death, however, the pathology of intoxication in experimental animals is drastically different from that found during the infectious process. in order to close a gap between our understanding of anthrax ... | 2005 | 15819985 |
| folding pathway of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate c-s lyase maly from escherichia coli. | maly from escherichia coli is a bifunctional dimeric plp (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) enzyme acting as a beta-cystathionase and as a repressor of the maltose system. the spectroscopic and molecular properties of the holoenzyme, in the untreated and nabh4-treated forms, and of the apoenzyme have been elucidated. a systematic study of the urea-induced unfolding of maly has been monitored by gel filtration, cross-linking, ans (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulphonic acid) binding and by visible, near- and far ... | 2005 | 15823094 |
| differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations. | this study intended to compare the prevalence of 7 putative endodontic pathogens in samples of primary endodontic infections taken from patients of 2 distant geographic locations. | 2005 | 15829891 |
| non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double-masked, randomized, controlled multicenter study. ii. microbiological results. | topical application of active substances offers an additional option in periodontal therapy. the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the administration of a novel, biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel on microbiological findings, in connection with scaling and root planing. | 2005 | 15830639 |
| dna probe identification of bacteria colonizing internal surfaces of the implant-abutment interface: a preliminary study. | currently, there is limited knowledge concerning the specific genus and species of bacteria that may colonize internal surfaces of the implant-abutment interface (iai) of two-stage dental implants. the purpose of this study was to use dna probe analysis to identify those periodontopathic bacteria that may inhabit the internal surfaces and healing abutment screw-threads of the iai of dental implants in situ. | 2005 | 15830645 |
| synthesis of autoinducer 2 by the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | defining the metabolic capabilities and regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression is a valuable step in understanding the pathogenic properties of infectious agents such as borrelia burgdorferi. the present studies demonstrated that b. burgdorferi encodes functional pfs and luxs enzymes for the breakdown of toxic products of methylation reactions. consistent with those observations, b. burgdorferi was shown to synthesize the end product 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (dpd) during laborat ... | 2005 | 15838035 |
| severe periodontitis in a 5-year-old girl with hyperimmunoglobulin e syndrome. | the hyperimmunoglobulin e syndrome (hies) is a multisystem disorder that affects the: (1) dentition; (2) skeleton; (3) connective tissues; and (4) immune system. little is known about periodontal manifestations of the syndrome. the purpose of this report was to describe a 5-year-old girl with suspected autosomal-recessive hies syndrome who revealed profusely bleeding and painful gingiva and generalized aggressive periodontitis. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based microbiological examination ... | 2005 | 15839398 |
| high production of methyl mercaptan by l-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane lyase from treponema denticola. | methyl mercaptan is derived from l-methionine by the action of l-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane lyase (metase) and is a major component of oral malodor. this compound is highly toxic and is thought to play an important role in periodontal disease. we found that treponema denticola, a member of the subgingival biofilm at periodontal disease sites, produced a large amount of methyl mercaptan even at low concentration of l-methionine. metase activity in a cell-free extract from t. d ... | 2005 | 15845368 |
| binding properties and adhesion-mediating regions of the major sheath protein of treponema denticola atcc 35405. | there is growing evidence that a number of oral treponema species, in particular treponema denticola, are associated with the progression of human periodontal disease. the major sheath (or surface) protein (msp) of t. denticola is implicated in adhesion of bacteria to host cells and tissue proteins and is likely to be an important virulence factor. however, the binding regions of the msp are not known. we have purified from escherichia coli recombinant msp (rmsp) polypeptides corresponding to th ... | 2005 | 15845495 |
| a monoclonal antibody that conveys in vitro killing and partial protection in experimental syphilis binds a phosphorylcholine surface epitope of treponema pallidum. | immunization with purified treponema pallidum outer membrane vesicles (omv) has previously resulted in high-titer complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity. in this study, omv immunization resulted in the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, m131, with complement-dependent killing activity. passive immunization of rabbits with m131 administered intravenously conferred significant immunity demonstrated by the failure of syphilitic lesions to appear at 29% of intradermal challenge sites (7/2 ... | 2005 | 15845516 |
| a novel class of dual-family immunophilins. | immunophilins are protein chaperones with peptidylprolyl isomerase activity that belong to one of two large families, the cyclosporin-binding cyclophilins (cyps) and the fk506-binding proteins (fkbps). each family displays characteristic and conserved sequence features that differ between the two families. we report a novel group of dual-family immunophilins that contain both cyp and fkbp domains for which we propose the name fcbp (fk506- and cyclosporin-binding protein). the fcbp of toxoplasma ... | 2005 | 15845546 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia: the "red complex", a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. | | 2005 | 15853938 |
| molecular analysis of human oral microbiota. | the application of molecular, mainly 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based approaches enables researchers to bypass the cultivation step and has proven its usefulness in studying the microbial composition in a variety of ecosystems, including the human oral cavity. in this mini-review, we describe the impact of these culture-independent approaches on our knowledge of the ecology of the human oral cavity and provide directions for future studies that should emphasize the role of specific strains, specie ... | 2005 | 15853975 |
| detection of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans but not bacteria of the red complex in aortic aneurysms by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | aortic aneurysms affect an increasing number of elderly patients and cause considerable morbidity and mortality. the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms is unclear and little is known about the role of microorganisms in the development of the condition. the aim of the present study was to examine aortic aneurysm samples for the presence of four putative periodontal pathogens: actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, treponema denticola, tannerella forsyt ... | 2005 | 15857100 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of the periodontopathic bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), a novel nucleic acid amplification method, was developed for the rapid detection of the major periodontal pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola. the lamp method amplifies dna with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a dna polymerase with strand displacement activity. in this study, we initially designed the primers for la ... | 2005 | 15872275 |
| proportional distribution of the red complex and its individual pathogens after sample storage using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique. | information on the impact of sample storage prior to analysis by dna methods is limited. | 2005 | 15882222 |
| clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the nd:yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. a randomized controlled study. | enhancement of the results obtained by scaling and planing is most often sought by using antimicrobial therapies. laser beams have been shown to be bactericidal and could possibly target pathogens more effectively and with fewer compliance problems than antiseptic solutions. | 2005 | 15882229 |
| strain relief at the active site of phosphoserine aminotransferase induced by radiation damage. | the x-ray susceptibility of the lysine-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate schiff base in bacillus alcalophilus phosphoserine aminotransferase has been investigated using crystallographic data collected at 100 k to 1.3 a resolution, complemented by on-line spectroscopic studies. x-rays induce deprotonation of the internal aldimine, changes in the schiff base conformation, displacement of the cofactor molecule, and disruption of the schiff base linkage between pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and the lys residue. analy ... | 2005 | 15883191 |
| prostaglandin e(2) is a main mediator in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand-dependent osteoclastogenesis induced by porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and treponema socranskii. | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that often leads to destruction of alveolar bone; a number of bacteria in subgingival plaque are associated with bone destruction in periodontitis. to understand the mechanism of how periodontopathogens induce osteoclastogenesis, we determined which mediators are involved in the osteoclastogenesis. | 2005 | 15898943 |
| debridement and local application of tetracycline in the management of persistent periodontitis. clinical and microbiological results after 12 months. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of local delivery of tetracycline in persistent periodontal lesions after topical therapy. | 2005 | 15902062 |
| immunological evaluation and cellular location analysis of the tpri antigen of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. | the tpri antigen of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is a putative virulence factor predicted to be located in the outer membrane of the syphilis spirochete. in this study, we analyzed the immune response against tpri and its subunits in sera collected both from rabbits experimentally infected with the nichols strain and from patients with syphilis, showing a different pattern of reactivity toward the antigen in these two groups of samples. the protective ability of recombinant tpri and its hy ... | 2005 | 15908421 |
| protein-protein interactions in the chemotaxis signalling pathway of treponema denticola. | motile bacteria employ sophisticated chemotaxis signal transduction systems to transform environmental cues into corresponding behavioural responses. the proteins involved in this signalling pathway have been extensively studied on a molecular level in various model organisms, including enterobacteria and bacillus subtilis, and specific protein-protein interactions have been identified. the chemotaxis operon of spirochaetes encodes a novel chemotaxis protein, chex, in addition to homologues to t ... | 2005 | 15941989 |
| microarrays complement culture methods for identification of bacteria in endodontic infections. | the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial composition of necrotic root canals using culture methods and microarray technology. twenty uniradicular teeth with radiographic evidence of periapical bone loss and with no previous endodontic treatment were selected for this study. for molecular diagnosis a dna chip with 20 different species-specific, 16s-rdna-directed catcher probes was used. the microorganisms most frequently detected by the dna chip were: micromonas micros, fusobacteriu ... | 2005 | 15943771 |
| the tetr family of transcriptional repressors. | we have developed a general profile for the proteins of the tetr family of repressors. the stretch that best defines the profile of this family is made up of 47 amino acid residues that correspond to the helix-turn-helix dna binding motif and adjacent regions in the three-dimensional structures of tetr, qacr, cprb, and ethr, four family members for which the function and three-dimensional structure are known. we have detected a set of 2,353 nonredundant proteins belonging to this family by scree ... | 2005 | 15944459 |
| a census of membrane-bound and intracellular signal transduction proteins in bacteria: bacterial iq, extroverts and introverts. | analysis of complete microbial genomes showed that intracellular parasites and other microorganisms that inhabit stable ecological niches encode relatively primitive signaling systems, whereas environmental microorganisms typically have sophisticated systems of environmental sensing and signal transduction. | 2005 | 15955239 |
| use of the genomic subtractive hybridization technique to develop a real-time pcr assay for quantitative detection of prevotella spp. in oral biofilm samples. | genomic subtractive hybridization was used to design prevotella nigrescens-specific primers and taqman probes. based on this technique, a taqman real-time pcr assay was developed for quantifying four oral black-pigmented prevotella species. the combination of real-time pcr and genomic subtractive hybridization is useful for preparing species-specific primer-probe sets for closely related species. | 2005 | 15956428 |
| signature proteins that are distinctive of alpha proteobacteria. | the alpha (alpha) proteobacteria, a very large and diverse group, are presently characterized solely on the basis of 16s rrna trees, with no known molecular characteristic that is unique to this group. the genomes of three alpha-proteobacteria, rickettsia prowazekii (rp), caulobacter crescentus (cc) and bartonella quintana (bq), were analyzed in order to search for proteins that are unique to this group. | 2005 | 15960851 |
| predictive value of clinical and microbiological parameters for the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing. | to compare the clinical and microbiological outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy after 6 months with data obtained after hygienic phase or 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical therapy, in order to evaluate the value of clinical and microbiological parameters to predict treatment success. | 2005 | 15966873 |
| association between coinfection of porphyromonas gingivalis, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and treponema denticola and periodontal tissue destruction in chronic periodontitis. | the association between the infection of porphyromonas gingivalis, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and treponema denticola in chronic periodontitis (cp) and the severity of periodontal disease remains to be elucidated. the aim of this study was to investigate the subgingival infection frequencies of three periodontopathic bacteria in chinese cp patients and to evaluate the correlations between infection by these bacteria and periodontal destruction. | 2005 | 15978192 |
| the bioinformatics resource for oral pathogens. | complete genomic sequences of several oral pathogens have been deciphered and multiple sources of independently annotated data are available for the same genomes. different gene identification schemes and functional annotation methods used in these databases present a challenge for cross-referencing and the efficient use of the data. the bioinformatics resource for oral pathogens (brop) aims to integrate bioinformatics data from multiple sources for easy comparison, analysis and data-mining thro ... | 2005 | 15980574 |
| periodontal disease and coronary heart disease: a reappraisal of the exposure. | results from studies relating periodontal disease to cardiovascular disease have been mixed. residual confounding by smoking and use of clinical measures of periodontal disease rather than measures of infection have been 2 major criticisms. the aims of this study were to investigate relationships between prevalent coronary heart disease (chd) and 2 exposures, (1) clinical periodontal disease and (2) igg antibodies to 17 oral organisms, and to evaluate the role of smoking in these relationships. | 2005 | 15983248 |
| the salivary microbiota as a diagnostic indicator of oral cancer: a descriptive, non-randomized study of cancer-free and oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects. | the purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the salivary counts of 40 common oral bacteria in subjects with an oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) lesion would differ from those found in cancer-free (oscc-free) controls. | 2005 | 15987522 |
| a leptospira interrogans enzyme with similarity to yeast ste14p that methylates the 1-phosphate group of lipid a. | distinct from other spirochetes, cells of leptospira interrogans contain orthologues of all the escherichia coli lpx genes required for lipid a biosynthesis, but they synthesize a modified form of lipopolysaccharide that supposedly activates toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) instead of tlr4. the recent determination of the l. interrogans lipid a structure revealed an unprecedented o-methylation of its 1-phosphate group (que-gewirth, n. l. s., ribeiro, a. a., kalb, s. r., cotter, r. j., bulach, d. m., ... | 2005 | 15994324 |
| prevalence of putative periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques from gingivitis lesions in korean orthodontic patients. | the objective of this study was to detect and compare the presence of periodontopathogens in the subgingival plaques of gingivitis lesions in adults who wore fixed orthodontic appliances, as opposed to adults who did not wear any orthodontic appliances. thirty-six individuals participated in this study. nineteen of these subjects did not wear any orthodontic appliances, and these subjects comprised the control group. the other 17 individuals had been wearing fixed orthodontic appliances for at l ... | 2005 | 15995644 |
| uncultivated phylotypes and newly named species associated with primary and persistent endodontic infections. | endodontic infections have been traditionally studied by culture methods, but recent reports showing that over 50% of the oral microbiota is still uncultivable (b. j. paster et al., j. bacteriol. 183:3770-3783, 2001) raise the possibility that many endodontic pathogens remain unknown. this study intended to investigate the prevalence of several uncultivated oral phylotypes, as well as newly named species in primary or persistent endodontic infections associated with chronic periradicular disease ... | 2005 | 16000454 |
| oral bacteria in the occluded arteries of patients with buerger disease. | recent studies have suggested that infectious organisms play a role in vascular diseases. in this study, to explore a possible link between oral infection and buerger disease, we investigated whether oral (periodontal) bacteria were present in occluded arteries removed from patients with characteristic buerger disease. | 2005 | 16012459 |
| origin and evolution of the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily and related palm-domain proteins: structural insights and new members. | we report an in-depth computational study of the protein sequences and structures of the superfamily of archaeo-eukaryotic primases (aeps). this analysis greatly expands the range of diversity of the aeps and reveals the unique active site shared by all members of this superfamily. in particular, it is shown that eukaryotic nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses, including poxviruses, asfarviruses, iridoviruses, phycodnaviruses and the mimivirus, encode aeps of a distinct family, which also includ ... | 2005 | 16027112 |
| selective capture of salmonella enterica serovar typhi genes expressed in macrophages that are absent from the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome. | thirty-six salmonella enterica serovar typhi-specific genes, absent from the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome, that were expressed in human macrophages were identified by selective capture of transcribed sequences. these genes are located on 15 unique loci of the serovar typhi genome, including salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi-7, spi-8, and spi-10) and bacteriophages (st15, st18, and st35). | 2005 | 16041043 |
| the leptospira interrogans lexa gene is not autoregulated. | footprinting and mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that leptospira interrogans lexa binds the palindrome tttgn(5)caaa found in the reca promoter but not in the lexa promoter. in silico analysis revealed that none of the other canonical sos genes is under direct control of lexa, making the leptospiral lexa gene the first described which is not autoregulated. | 2005 | 16077133 |
| identification of candidate periodontal pathogens and beneficial species by quantitative 16s clonal analysis. | most studies of the bacterial etiology of periodontitis have used either culture-based or targeted dna approaches, and so it is likely that pathogens remain undiscovered. the purpose of this study was to use culture-independent, quantitative analysis of biofilms associated with chronic periodontitis and periodontal health to identify pathogens and beneficial species. samples from subjects with periodontitis and controls were analyzed using ribosomal 16s cloning and sequencing. several genera, ma ... | 2005 | 16081935 |
| synergistic biofilm formation by treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis. | biofilm formation is an important step in the etiology of periodontal diseases. in this study, in vitro biofilm formation by treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis 381 displayed synergistic effects. confocal microscopy demonstrated that p. gingivalis attaches to the substratum first as a primary colonizer followed by coaggregation with t. denticola to form a mixed biofilm. the t. denticola flagella mutant as well as the cytoplasmic filament mutant were shown to be essential for biofilm ... | 2005 | 16085371 |
| detection of bacteria in endodontic samples by polymerase chain reaction assays and association with defined clinical signs in italian patients. | the presence of selected bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythensis, treponema denticola) in infected root canals was studied using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, and the association of bacteria with clinical signs of endodontic disease was assessed. the null hypothesis, that no difference could be observed between clinical signs of apical periodontitis and a specific bacterial strain, was tested. | 2005 | 16101964 |
| impact of smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of adult patients with periodontitis. | the aim of the current study was to assess the impact of smoking on the clinical indices, the humoral immune response and the detection frequency of putative periodontal pathogens in patients with periodontitis cross-sectionally and following therapy. | 2005 | 16104962 |
| identification of genes of vsh-1, a prophage-like gene transfer agent of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | vsh-1 is a mitomycin c-inducible prophage of the anaerobic spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. purified vsh-1 virions are noninfectious, contain random 7.5-kb fragments of the bacterial genome, and mediate generalized transduction of b. hyodysenteriae cells. in order to identify and sequence genes of this novel gene transfer agent (gta), proteins associated either with vsh-1 capsids or with tails were purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the n-terminal amino ... | 2005 | 16109929 |
| gene organization and transcriptional analysis of the tprj, tpri, tprg, and tprf loci in treponema pallidum strains nichols and sea 81-4. | the tpr gene family of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, has recently become the focus of intensive investigation. tprf and tpri sequences are highly conserved among different isolates and are the targets of strong humoral and cellular immune responses of the host, and immunization with a recombinant peptide from the amino terminus of these antigens has been shown to alter significantly lesion development following homologous challenge. this indicates that thes ... | 2005 | 16109950 |
| horizontally acquired genes for purine salvage in borrelia spp. causing relapsing fever. | unlike borrelia burgdorferi, the relapsing fever agent borrelia hermsii and the related borrelia miyamotoi had pura and purb genes of the purine salvage pathway. these were located among the rrna genes. phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes had a different evolutionary history than those of orthologs in other spirochetes. | 2005 | 16113341 |
| discrimination of streptococcus pneumoniae from viridans group streptococci by genomic subtractive hybridization. | two oligonucleotide primer sets for the discrimination of streptococcus pneumoniae from "pneumococcus-like" oral streptococcal isolates by pcr were developed. genomic subtractive hybridization was performed to search for differences between streptococcus pneumoniae strain wu2 and the most closely related oral streptococcus, streptococcus mitis strain 903. we identified 19 clones that contained s. pneumoniae-specific nucleotide fragments that were absent from the chromosomal dna of typical labora ... | 2005 | 16145102 |
| amylomaltase of pyrobaculum aerophilum im2 produces thermoreversible starch gels. | amylomaltases are 4-alpha-glucanotransferases (ec 2.4.1.25) of glycoside hydrolase family 77 that transfer alpha-1,4-linked glucans to another acceptor, which can be the 4-oh group of an alpha-1,4-linked glucan or glucose. the amylomaltase-encoding gene (pae1209) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrobaculum aerophilum im2 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and the gene product (pyamase) was characterized. pyamase displays optimal activity at ph 6.7 and 95 degrees c and is the most ... | 2005 | 16151092 |