| incidence, characteristics, and outcome of covid-19 in adults on kidney replacement therapy: a regionwide registry study. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection disproportionally affects frail, elderly patients and those with multiple chronic comorbidities. whether patients on rrt have an additional risk because of their specific exposure and complex immune dysregulation is controversial. | 2020 | 33154174 |
| epidemiology and transmission dynamics of covid-19 in two indian states. | although most cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) have occurred in low-resource countries, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease in such contexts. data from the indian states of tamil nadu and andhra pradesh provide a detailed view into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) transmission pathways and mortality in a high-incidence setting. reported cases and deaths have been concentrated in younger cohorts than would be expected from observations in ... | 2020 | 33154136 |
| covid-19 and copd: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes. | the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). clinical outcomes, including mortality, are worse in males, older individuals and patients with comorbidities. copd patients are included in shielding strategies due to their susceptibility to virus-induced exacerbations, compromised pulmonary function and high prevalence of associated comorbidities. using evidence from basic science and cohort studies, this review addresse ... | 2020 | 33153991 |
| repurposing antimalarials to tackle the covid-19 pandemic. | artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) have demonstrated in vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). artemisinins have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 (il-6) that plays a key role in the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). there is now sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of acts, and in particular artesunate/pyronaridine, to support clinical studies for covid-19 infections. | 2020 | 33153922 |
| potential influence of helminth molecules on covid-19 pathology. | in recent months, the parasitology research community has been tasked with investigation of the influence of parasite coinfection on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outcomes. herein, we share our approach to analyze the effect of the trematode fasciola hepatica as a modulator of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection and of covid-19 pathology. | 2020 | 33153921 |
| impact of the sars-cov-2 pandemic on emergency department presentations in an integrated health system. | to quantify the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on emergency department volumes and patient presentations and evaluate changes in community mortality for the purpose of characterizing new patterns of emergency care use. | 2020 | 33153630 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza viruses based on crispr-cas12a. | due to the common symptoms of covid-19, patients are similar to influenza-like illness. therefore, the detection method would be crucial to discriminate between sars-cov-2 and influenza virus-infected patients. in this study, crispr-cas12a-based detection was applied for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), influenza a virus, and influenza b virus which would be a practical and attractive application for screening of patients with covid-19 and influenza in a ... | 2020 | 33153299 |
| novel evidence of acute kidney injury in covid-19. | the coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused a huge impact on health and economic issues. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes cellular damage by entry mediated by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 of the host cells and its conjugation with spike proteins of sars-cov-2. beyond airway infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury is common in sars-cov-2-associated infection, and acute kidney injury (aki) is predictive to multiorgan ... | 2020 | 33153216 |
| erythrocyte, platelet, serum ferritin, and p-selectin pathophysiology implicated in severe hypercoagulation and vascular complications in covid-19. | progressive respiratory failure is seen as a major cause of death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-induced infection. relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the circulation of these patients. in particular, platelet and erythrocyte pathology might result in severe vascular issues, and the manifestations may include thrombotic complications. these thrombotic pathologies may be both extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary and m ... | 2020 | 33153161 |
| chest ct findings after 4 months from the onset of covid-19 pneumonia: a case series. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). although the reference standard for sars-cov-2 diagnosis is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), computed tomography (ct) is recommended for both initial evaluation and follow-up. there is a growing body of published evidence about ct evolution during the course of covid-19 pneumonia. here, we report six confirmed cases of covid-1 ... | 2020 | 33152991 |
| crispr/cas13: a potential therapeutic option of covid-19. | the novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can be considered as the most important current global issue, as it has caused the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic, which has resulted in high mortality and morbidity rates all around the world. although scientists are trying to discover novel therapies and develop and evaluate various previous treatments, at the time of writing this paper, there was no definite therapy and vaccine for covid-1 ... | 2020 | 33152914 |
| safety and efficacy of artemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of covid-19: an open-label, non-randomized, and controlled trial. | there are no effective therapies for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). | 2020 | 33152450 |
| a high-throughput anti-sars-cov-2 igg testing platform for covid-19. | serology tests for detecting the antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can identify previous infection and help to confirm the presence of current infection. | 2020 | 33152411 |
| sars-cov-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. | the proportion of asymptomatic carriers and transmission risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) among household and non-household contacts remains unclear. in singapore, extensive contact tracing by the ministry of health for every diagnosed covid-19 case, and legally enforced quarantine and intensive health surveillance of close contacts provided a rare opportunity to determine asymptomatic attack rates and sars-cov-2 transmission risk factors among communi ... | 2020 | 33152271 |
| effects of sars-cov-2 infection on male sex-related hormones in recovering patients. | a novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which causing the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), may attack testes by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. | 2020 | 33152165 |
| diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | this study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (dta) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) serological test methods and the kinetics of antibody positivity. systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline. we included articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and the kinetics of antibody positivity. medline through pubmed, scopus, medrxiv and bio ... | 2020 | 33152146 |
| variant analysis of 1,040 sars-cov-2 genomes. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) viral genome is an rna virus consisting of approximately 30,000 bases. as part of testing efforts, whole genome sequencing of human isolates has resulted in over 1,600 complete genomes publicly available from genbank. we have performed a comparative analysis of the sequences, in order to detect common mutations within the population. analysis of variants occurring within the assembled genomes yields 417 variants occurring in at lea ... | 2020 | 33152019 |
| ocular surface manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. | this study was performed to determine the occurrence of ocular surface manifestations in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | 2020 | 33151999 |
| [covid-19 and vaccination: a global disruption]. | coronavirus disease (covid)-19 is an emerging pandemic infection whose significant ability to spread in a naïve population is well established. the first response of states to the covid-19 outbreak was to impose lock-down and social barrier measures, such as wearing a surgical mask or social distancing. one of the consequences of this pandemic in terms of public health was the suspension or slowdown of infant vaccination campaigns, in almost all countries. the indirect effects of covid-19 may th ... | 2020 | 33151866 |
| pubchem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces. | pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a popular chemical information resource that serves the scientific community as well as the general public, with millions of unique users per month. in the past two years, pubchem made substantial improvements. data from more than 100 new data sources were added to pubchem, including chemical-literature links from thieme chemistry, chemical and physical property links from springermaterials, and patent links from the world intellectual properties org ... | 2020 | 33151290 |
| lysine 164 is critical for sars-cov-2 nsp1 inhibition of host gene expression. | the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused social and economic disruption worldwide, infecting over 9.0 million people and killing over 469 000 by 24 june 2020. unfortunately, no vaccine or antiviral drug that completely eliminates the transmissible disease coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has been developed to date. given that coronavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a good target for attenuated vaccines, it is of great significance to ... | 2020 | 33151142 |
| histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal covid-19 infections on testis. | to evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (covid-19) complications. | 2020 | 33151050 |
| sars-cov-2 mpro inhibitors: identification of anti-sars-cov-2 mpro compounds from fda approved drugs. | recent outbreak of covid-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has raised serious global concern for public health. the viral main 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (mpro), known to control coronavirus replication and essential for viral life cycle, has been established as an essential drug discovery target for sars-cov-2. herein, we employed computationally screening of druglib database containing fda approved drugs against active pocket of sars- ... | 2020 | 33150855 |
| covid19 in children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries: experience from a cancer center in chennai, india. | crowded outpatient clinics and common wards in many hospitals in low and middle-income countries predispose children, caregivers, and health care workers to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). we report on the clinical features and outcomes of 15 children with cancer at our center who tested positive for sars-cov-2. five out of 15 patients were symptomatic, and one patient required intensive care and respiratory support. all the patients in the study have ... | 2020 | 33150828 |
| treatment considerations for behçet disease in the era of covid-19: a narrative review. | covid-19 is a multisystem disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. it has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization in march 2020 and the outbreak still keeps its impacts worldwide. behçet disease (bd) is a multi-systemic vasculitis involving the skin, mucosa, eyes, joints, nervous system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system. the precise etiopathogenesis of the disorder is unknown but autoimmunity is believed to play a key role. a consider ... | 2020 | 33150651 |
| drug-drug interactions and prescription appropriateness in patients with covid-19: a retrospective analysis from a reference hospital in northern italy. | patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [sars-cov-2; coronavirus 2019 disease (covid-19)] infection are frequently older with co-morbidities and receiving polypharmacy, all of which are known risk factors for drug-drug interactions (ddis). the pharmacological burden may be further aggravated by the addition of treatments for covid-19. | 2020 | 33150470 |
| epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe covid-19 infection in wuhan, china: evidence from a retrospective observational study. | the new coronavirus (covid-19) rapidly resulted in a pandemic. we report the characteristics of patients with severe or critical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in wuhan city, china, and the risk factors related to infection severity and death. | 2020 | 33150437 |
| an original logigramme to make safe discharge and community reintegration for covid-19 patients. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the microorganism responsible for the aggressive coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic. during the such pandemic, discharge and community reintegration of patients are critical phases in guaranteeing public health. a review of the international and italian experiences that represent the best available evidence was carried out, mainly focusing on the precise allocation of tasks and related responsibilities. the report provides a pr ... | 2020 | 33150220 |
| adaptive platform trials using multi-arm, multi-stage protocols: getting fast answers in pandemic settings. | global health pandemics, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), require efficient and well-conducted trials to determine effective interventions, such as treatments and vaccinations. early work focused on rapid sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), subsequent in-vitro and in-silico work, along with greater understanding of the different clinical phases of the infection, have helped identify a catalogue of potential therapeutic agents requiring assessme ... | 2020 | 33149899 |
| covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has raised several concerns for patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). as the outbreak appears to be in the descending phase, at least in some part of the world, as in most european countries, guidance is urgently needed to provide optimal care for our ibd patients in order to gradually and safely reduce the gap in care that ... | 2020 | 33149764 |
| targeting the grp78-dependant sars-cov-2 cell entry by peptides and small molecules. | the global burden of infections and the rapid spread of viral diseases show the need for new approaches in the prevention and development of effective therapies. to this end, we aimed to explore novel inhibitor compounds that can stop replication or decrease the viral load of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), for which there is currently no approved treatment. besides using the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace2) receptor as a main gate, the cov-2 can bind ... | 2020 | 33149560 |
| electric field-driven microfluidics for rapid crispr-based diagnostics and its application to detection of sars-cov-2. | the rapid spread of covid-19 across the world has revealed major gaps in our ability to respond to new virulent pathogens. rapid, accurate, and easily configurable molecular diagnostic tests are imperative to prevent global spread of new diseases. crispr-based diagnostic approaches are proving to be useful as field-deployable solutions. in one basic form of this assay, the crispr-cas12 enzyme complexes with a synthetic guide rna (grna). this complex becomes activated only when it specifically bi ... | 2020 | 33148808 |
| cognitive disorders associated with hospitalization of covid-19: results from an observational cohort study. | our understanding of risk factors for covid‑19, including pre-existing medical conditions and genetic variations, is limited. to what extent the pre-existing clinical condition and genetic background have implications for covid-19 still needs to be explored. | 2020 | 33148439 |
| [progress on role of cytokine storm in exacerbation of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): review]. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection would stimulate human immune system, trigger the activation and aggregation of various immune cells, and lead to the secretion of a large number of chemokines and cytokines, including interleukin 6 (il-6), il-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf), interferon γ (ifn-γ), tumor necrosis factor γ (tnf-γ), c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2), c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 10 (cxcl10) and other cytokines. the development ... | 2020 | 33148390 |
| a meta-analysis of the impact of covid-19 on liver dysfunction. | the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is leading to a worldwide pandemic. except representative manifestation of pneumonia and acute respiratory symptoms, covid-19 patients have also shown different levels of liver injury or liver dysfunction. the aim of our study was to explore the probable clinical severity and mortality of covid-19 patients and their liver dysfunction. | 2020 | 33148326 |
| successful anesthesia management in a patient with type a aortic dissection complicated by renal failure and suspected coronavirus disease. | stanford type a acute aortic dissection (aad) is a life-threatening illness that presents with chest pain and hemodynamic instability. aad prompt and accurate evaluation and management are critical for survival as it is a cardiac surgical emergency. the initial treatment of aad mandates strict blood pressure stabilization with intravenous antihypertensive medications. the progressive nature of the disease will increase the mortality as time elapses between diagnosis and surgical intervention. in ... | 2020 | 33148132 |
| in silico antibody mutagenesis for optimizing its binding to spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an ongoing global pandemic, and there are currently no fda-approved medicines for treatment or prevention. inspired by promising outcomes for convalescent plasma treatment, the development of antibody drugs (biologics) to block sars-cov-2 infection has been the focus of drug discovery, along with tremendous efforts in repurposing small-molecule drugs. in the past several months, experimentally, many human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were succe ... | 2020 | 33147968 |
| epitope-based immunoinformatics approach on nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. | with an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. recently, the world health organization (who) has announced the infectious disease caused by sars-cov-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-2019), as a global pandemic. additionally, the positive cases are still following an upward trend worldwide and as a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progres ... | 2020 | 33147821 |
| therapeutic potential of ursonic acid: comparison with ursolic acid. | plants have been used as drugs to treat human disease for centuries. ursonic acid (una) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from certain medicinal herbs such as ziziphus jujuba. since the pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of una are not well-known, in this work, we attempt to introduce the therapeutic potential of una with a comparison to ursolic acid (ula), a well-known secondary metabolite, for beneficial effects. una has a keto group at the c-3 position ... | 2020 | 33147723 |
| computational strategies to combat covid-19: useful tools to accelerate sars-cov-2 and coronavirus research. | sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a novel virus of the family coronaviridae. the virus causes the infectious disease covid-19. the biology of coronaviruses has been studied for many years. however, bioinformatics tools designed explicitly for sars-cov-2 have only recently been developed as a rapid reaction to the need for fast detection, understanding and treatment of covid-19. to control the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, it is of utmost importance to get insight into ... | 2020 | 33147627 |
| hsv-1 and zika virus but not sars-cov-2 replicate in the human cornea and are restricted by corneal type iii interferon. | here, we report our studies of immune-mediated regulation of zika virus (zikv), herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in the human cornea. we find that zikv can be transmitted via corneal transplantation in mice. however, in human corneal explants, we report that zikv does not replicate efficiently and that sars-cov-2 does not replicate at all. additionally, we demonstrate that type iii interferon (ifn-λ) and its receptor (ifnλ ... | 2020 | 33147451 |
| genome-wide crispr screens reveal host factors critical for sars-cov-2 infection. | identification of host genes essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection may reveal novel therapeutic targets and inform our understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pathogenesis. here we performed genome-wide crispr screens in vero-e6 cells with sars-cov-2, middle east respiratory syndrome cov (mers-cov), bat cov hku5 expressing the sars-cov-1 spike, and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) expressing the sars-cov-2 spike. we identified known sar ... | 2020 | 33147444 |
| lack of antibodies to sars-cov-2 in a large cohort of previously infected persons. | reports suggest that some persons previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) lack detectable igg antibodies. we aimed to determine the proportion igg seronegative and predictors for seronegativity among persons previously infected with sars-cov-2. | 2020 | 33147319 |
| clinical characteristics of re-positive covid-19 patients in huangshi, china: a retrospective cohort study. | a cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) underwent repeated positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) rna tests after they were discharged from the hospital. we referred to them as re-positive (rp) patients in this study. we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients in a retrospective cohort study. after being treated for covid-19, the patients underwent 14 days of quarantine following their discharge from the huangshi hosp ... | 2020 | 33147282 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid and simple diagnostic assay for covid-19 based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a highly pathogenic novel coronavirus that has caused a worldwide outbreak. here we describe a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay that uses a portable device for efficient detection of sars-cov-2. this rt-lamp assay specifically detected sars-cov-2 without cross-reacting with the most closely related human coronavirus, sars-cov. clinical evaluation of nasal swab samples from suspected sars-c ... | 2020 | 33147214 |
| vocal cord ulcer following endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation in covid-19 pneumonia: a case report from northern italy. | background this report is of a case of vocal cord ulceration following endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in a patient with severe covid-19 pneumonia. case report a 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital (ospedale degli infermi, biella, italy) presenting with symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection. reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab, authorized and validated by the world health o ... | 2020 | 33147206 |
| protective potentials of type iii interferons in covid-19 patients: lessons from differential properties of type i- and iii interferons. | while an appropriately regulated production of interferons (ifns) performs a fundamental role in the defense against coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), dysregulated overproduction of inflammatory mediators can play an important role in the development of sars-cov-2 infection-related complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. as the principal constituents of innate immunity, both type i and iii ifns share antiviral features. howeve ... | 2020 | 33147113 |
| seeding brain protein aggregation by sars-cov-2 as a possible long-term complication of covid-19 infection. | postinfection complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are still unknown, and one of the long-term concerns in infected people are brain pathologies. the question is that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection may be an environmental factor in accelerating the sporadic neurodegeneration in the infected population. in this regard, induction of protein aggregation in the brain by sars-cov-2 intact structure or a peptide derived from spike protein subunit ... | 2020 | 33147014 |
| phenotypic characterization of acute headache attributed to sars-cov-2: an ichd-3 validation study on 106 hospitalized patients. | headache is a common symptom of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. in this study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of headache attributed to sars-cov-2 infection and to test the international classification of headache disorders (ichd-3) phenotypic criteria for migraine and tension-type headache. | 2020 | 33146037 |
| dynamics of nk, cd8 and tfh cell mediated the production of cytokines and antiviral antibodies in chinese patients with moderate covid-19. | recent studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). few studies have focused on the changes of nk, t- and b-cell subsets, inflammatory cytokines and virus-specific antibodies in patients with moderate covid-19. a total of 11 rt-pcr-confirmed convalescent patients with covid-19 and 11 patients with non-sars-cov-2 pneumonia (control patients) w ... | 2020 | 33145962 |
| juggling the covid-19 pandemic: a cytopathologist point of view. | since the first identification in china at the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has rapidly spread all over the world, becoming an international healthcare emergency. in the era of coronavirus disease (covid-19) several aspects of normal life, including those related to the medical activities, have been radically changed. extraordinary measures have been adopted by the different nations to cope the rapid diffusion of covid-19 all over the world. in the ho ... | 2020 | 33145830 |
| questions and answers on practical thrombotic issues in sars-cov-2 infection: a guidance document from the italian working group on atherosclerosis, thrombosis and vascular biology. | in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases is elevated. moreover, various features, also including pro-thrombotic status, further predispose these patients to increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events. thus, the identification of optimal antithrombotic strategies in terms of the risk-benefit ratio and outcome improvement in this setting is crucial. however, debated issues on antithrombotic therapies in patients with covid-1 ... | 2020 | 33145698 |
| analysis of 2019-ncov receptor ace2 expression in different tissues and its significance study. | on march 11, 2020, the world health organization (who) officially announced that the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) had reached global pandemic status. current studies have found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is a cell surface receptor of the novel coronavirus that plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of covid-19. it is of immense importance for the prevention of virus transmission and treatment to clarify the distribution and expression of ace2 in various tissues and organs ... | 2020 | 33145296 |
| rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. we report the case of a patient with covid-19 infection, which, during the course of the treatment, developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis. a 60- year-old male patient, a longstanding diabetic, with a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was admitted for treatment. he received parente ... | 2020 | 33145132 |
| [the virology of sars-cov-2]. | the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has far-reaching effects on society, the economy and medical treatment. therefore, it is all the more important to understand the characteristics of the virus and to utilize them in the diagnostics, treatment and epidemiology. this article firstly elucidates the medical significance of coronaviruses in general. then angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as the binding site of sars-cov‑2 and the possible influence on disease ... | 2020 | 33144890 |
| [epidemiology of sars-cov-2/covid-19]. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a beta coronavirus, which first appeared in 2019 and rapidly spread causing a worldwide pandemic. here we present a nonsystematic review of the current knowledge on its epidemiological features. the sars-cov‑2 replicates mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract and is mainly transmitted by droplets and aerosols from asymptomatic and symptomatic infected subjects. the estimate for the basic reproduction number (r0) is between ... | 2020 | 33144889 |
| neurological involvement in covid-19 patients: a narrative review. | background coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) belonging to the coronavirus family. the primary target of sars-cov-2 is peripheral mucosal cells of respiratory tract. recent days have seen few cases where virus has affected extrapulmonary organ such as nervous system. materials and methods the present study was a narrative review done using techniques of systemic review, that is, preferred reporting items ... | 2020 | 33144786 |
| a nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient with covid-19 infection after immunotherapy: a case report and literature review. | novel coronavirus infection in a cancer patient treated with immunotherapy, requires high attention. | 2020 | 33144494 |
| first confirmed detection of sars-cov-2 in untreated municipal and aircraft wastewater in dubai, uae: the use of wastewater based epidemiology as an early warning tool to monitor the prevalence of covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in wuhan, china and spread to more than 114 countries resulting in a pandemic, which was declared by the who in march 2020. tracking the spread of the virus raised a main concern in every country. many researches proved the presence of sars-cov-2 in stool samples of patients, where the genes of this virus gave a positive signal several days prior to the occurrence of symptoms. the fact of viral shedding in stools provides an ... | 2020 | 33143926 |
| covid-19 in children: pathogenesis and current status. | since its initial description in december 2019 in wuhan, china, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has rapidly progressed into a worldwide pandemic, which has affected millions of lives. unlike the disease in adults, the vast majority of children with covid-19 have mild symptoms and are largely spared from severe respiratory disease. however, thereare children who have significant respiratory disease, and some may develop a hyperinflammatory response similar to thatseen in adults with covid-19 ... | 2020 | 33143815 |
| planning considerations prior to laryngectomy for a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pre-operatively. | | 2020 | 33143754 |
| at what times during infection is sars-cov-2 detectable and no longer detectable using rt-pcr-based tests? a systematic review of individual participant data. | tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) viral ribonucleic acid (rna) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) are pivotal to detecting current coronavirus disease (covid-19) and duration of detectable virus indicating potential for infectivity. | 2020 | 33143712 |
| environmental factors involved in sars-cov-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for covid-19 infection control. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in december 2019, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). this infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. sars-cov-2 spreads primarily via respiratory droplets during close person-to-person contact in a closed space, especially a building. this article summarizes the environmental factors involved in sars-cov-2 transmission, including a strategy to preve ... | 2020 | 33143660 |
| cardiovascular manifestations of covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) first emerged in a group of patients who presented with severe pneumonia in wuhan, china in december 2019. a novel virus, now called sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. the current outbreak of infection has spread to over 100 countries and killed more 340,000 people as of 25th may, 2020. the predominant clinical manifestation of covid-19 is respiratory disease- ranging from mild flu-li ... | 2020 | 33143614 |
| clinical applications of visual plasmonic colorimetric sensing. | colorimetric analysis has become of great importance in recent years to improve the operationalization of plasmonic-based biosensors. the unique properties of nanomaterials have enabled the development of a variety of plasmonics applications on the basis of the colorimetric sensing provided by metal nanoparticles. in particular, the extinction of localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr) in the visible range has permitted the exploitation of lspr colorimetric-based biosensors as powerful tools ... | 2020 | 33143365 |
| aprotinin inhibits sars-cov-2 replication. | severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the cause of the current coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) pandemic. protease inhibitors are under consideration as virus entry inhibitors that prevent the cleavage of the coronavirus spike (s) protein by cellular proteases. herein, we showed that the protease inhibitor aprotinin (but not the protease inhibitor serpina1/alpha-1 antitrypsin) inhibited sars-cov-2 replication in therapeutically achievable concentrations. an analysis of prote ... | 2020 | 33143316 |
| mir-98 regulates tmprss2 expression in human endothelial cells: key implications for covid-19. | the two main co-factors needed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) to enter human cells are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (tmprss2). here, we focused on the study of micrornas that specifically target tmprss2. through a bioinformatic approach, we identified mir-98-5p as a suitable candidate. since we and others have shown that endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (cov ... | 2020 | 33143053 |
| covid-19 and parkinson's disease: shared inflammatory pathways under oxidative stress. | the current coronavirus pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has resulted in a serious global health crisis. it is a major concern for individuals living with chronic disorders such as parkinson's disease (pd). increasing evidence suggests an involvement of oxidative stress and contribution of nfκb in the development of both covid-19 and pd. although, it is early to identify if sars-cov-2 led infection enhances pd complications, it is likely that ox ... | 2020 | 33142819 |
| coronavirus (sars-cov-2) pandemic: future challenges for dental practitioners. | in the context of the sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic, the medical system has been subjected to many changes. face-to-face treatments have been suspended for a period of time. after the lockdown, dentists have to be aware of the modalities to protect themselves and their patients in order not to get infected. dental practitioners are potentially exposed to a high degree of contamination with sars-cov-2 while performing dental procedures that produce aerosols ... | 2020 | 33142764 |
| an overview of the gut side of the sars-cov-2 infection. | in late 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) initiated in wuhan, hubei province, china. the major clinical symptoms described for coronavirus disease (covid-19) include respiratory distress and pneumonia in severe cases, and some patients may experience gastrointestinal impairments. in accordance, viral rna or live infectious virus have been detected in feces of patients with covid-19. binding of sars-cov-2 to the angiotensin-conve ... | 2020 | 33142370 |
| repeated cross-sectional sero-monitoring of sars-cov-2 in new york city. | in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in china and has since caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the first covid-19 case in new york city (nyc) was officially confirmed on march 1st 2020 followed by a severe local epidemic.1 to understand seroprevalence dynamics, we conducted a retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis of anti-sars-cov-2 spike antibodies in weekly intervals from the beginning of february to july 2020 using ... | 2020 | 33142304 |
| three-dimensional human alveolar stem cell culture models reveal infection response to sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which is the cause of a present pandemic, infects human lung alveolar type 2 (hat2) cells. characterizing pathogenesis is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics. however, the lack of models mirroring the cellular physiology and pathology of hat2 cells limits the study. here, we develop a feeder-free, long-term, three-dimensional (3d) culture technique for hat2 cells derived from primary human lung tissue and investigate infe ... | 2020 | 33142113 |
| identification and analysis of ongoing registered clinical intervention trials on covid-19. | the world health organization declared the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2), a pandemic on march 11, 2020. several studies have been proposed and started since then, mainly covering prevention, diagnosis, management, and treatment. | 2020 | 33141813 |
| first results of investigations of sars-cov-2 rna in human corneal tissue. | preliminary investigations of human corneal tissues from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) cadaveric donors indicated that no severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) rna is present. current eye banking guidelines do not recommend any type of routine testing for sars-cov‑2 rna in post-mortem donor tissue. this is partly based on factors that can influence the test results of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2020 | 33141331 |
| initial review of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with covid-19 infection. | objectives data regarding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continue to emerge, however, there's limited data in regard to maternal and neonatal outcomes. therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all pregnant women who tested positive for sars-cov-2 within nuvance health system. study design data were abstracted from the medical records of each patient and descriptive analysis was performed. variables included ... | 2020 | 33141109 |
| targeting the initiation and termination codons of sars-cov-2 spike protein as possible therapy against covid-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-o-β-d-glucopyranoside from clerodendrum volubile p beauv. (labiatae). | the global spread of the coronavirus infections disease - 2019 (covid-19) and the search for new drugs from natural products particularly from plants are receiving much attention recently. in this study, the therapeutic potential of a new iridoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of clerodendrum volubile against covid-19 was investigated. harpagide 5-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (hg) was isolated, characterised and investigated for its druglikeness, optimized geometry, and pharmacokinetics properties. ... | 2020 | 33140706 |
| toward covid-19 therapeutics: a viewpoint from the nonprotein amino acid based synthetic peptide design approach. | cell entry, the fundamental step in cross-species transmission of sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is initiated by the recognition of the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ace2) receptor by the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike protein of sars-cov-2. to date, several peptides have been proposed against sars-cov-2 both as inhibitor agents or as detection tools that can also be attached to the surfaces of nanoparticle carriers. but owing to their natu ... | 2020 | 33140636 |
| coping with dementia in the middle of the covid-19 pandemic. | multiple neurological complications have been associated with the coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. this is a narrative review to gather information on all aspects of covid-19 in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. first, the following three mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the neurological complications associated with covid-19: 1) direct invasion, 2) immune and inflammatory reaction, and 3) hypoxic brain dama ... | 2020 | 33140593 |
| universal screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with polymerase chain reaction testing after rally of trainee doctors. | there were two rallies of medical students and trainee doctors, where 9,000 participants gathered. we performed polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based universal screening for the participants using pooling at a tertiary care hospital. around 609 (94%) of 646 participants underwent pcr tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; all of them tested negative. our data suggested low transmission rates in open air mass gatherings when appropriate personal protective practices were follo ... | 2020 | 33140592 |
| new-onset atrial fibrillation during covid-19 infection predicts poor prognosis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has led to a paradigm shift in healthcare worldwide. little is known about the impact on the cardiovascular system, and the incidence and consequences of new onset of atrial fibrillation (af) in infected patients remain unclear. the aim of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with new-onset af and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection. | 2020 | 33140386 |
| rates of bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial use in covid-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study in light of antibiotic stewardship. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide. bacterial co-infections are associated with unfavourable outcomes in respiratory viral infections; however, microbiological and antibiotic data related to covid-19 are sparse. adequate use of antibiotics in line with antibiotic stewardship (abs) principles is warranted during the pandemic. we performed a retrospective study of clinical and microbiological chara ... | 2020 | 33140176 |
| impact of the covid-19 pandemic on an interdisciplinary endoscopy unit in a german "hotspot" area: a single center experience. | since december 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has posed a pandemic threat to global health and has challenged health care system in all affected countries. | 2020 | 33140149 |
| the experience of the health care workers of a severely hit sars-cov-2 referral hospital in italy: incidence, clinical course and modifiable risk factors for covid-19 infection. | during the covid-19 pandemic, the health care workers (hcws) at the frontline have been largely exposed to infected patients, running a high risk of being infected by the sars-cov-2 virus.since limiting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in health care setting is crucial to avoid the community spread of sars-cov-2, we want to share our experience as an early hit hospital where standard infection control practices have been conscientiously applied and eff ... | 2020 | 33140084 |
| seroprevalence of anti-sars-cov-2 igg antibodies in the staff of a public school system in the midwestern united states. | since march 2020, the united states has lost over 200,000 lives to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which causes covid-19. a growing body of literature describes population-level sars-cov-2 exposure, but studies of antibody seroprevalence within school systems are critically lacking, hampering evidence-based discussions on school reopenings. the lake central school corporation (lcsc), a public school system in suburban indiana, usa, assessed sars-cov-2 seroprevalence ... | 2020 | 33140066 |
| beyond shielding: the roles of glycans in the sars-cov-2 spike protein. | the ongoing covid-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has resulted in more than 28,000,000 infections and 900,000 deaths worldwide to date. antibody development efforts mainly revolve around the extensively glycosylated sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein, which mediates host cell entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). similar to many other viral fusion proteins, the sars-cov-2 spike utilizes a glycan shield to thwart the host immu ... | 2020 | 33140034 |
| a case of coronavirus disease 2019 in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: a case report and review of the literature. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) virus that was identified in december 2019. the impact of covid-19 virus on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients has been reported with variable outcome. we reported a patient that was immunosuppressed by aids disease and chemotherapy for cancer who contracted sars-cov-2 infection and had a mild disease. we did literature review for the cases published ... | 2020 | 33139986 |
| [challenges in visceral medicine during covid-19]. | the worldwide dissemination of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has become a relevant problem for the german healthcare system and the whole of society within only a few weeks. because visceral medicine is at the focal point many adjustments in procedures are necessary. | 2020 | 33139973 |
| low serum neutralizing anti-sars-cov-2 s antibody levels in mildly affected covid-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods. | neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the sars-cov-2 spike (s) block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) entry into cells via surface-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). we used a surrogate virus neutralization test (svnt) and sars-cov-2 s protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vector-based neutralization assay (pvnt) to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) conval ... | 2020 | 33139905 |
| covid-19-associated gastrointestinal and liver injury: clinical features and potential mechanisms. | coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the infection is spreading globally and poses a huge threat to human health. besides common respiratory symptoms, some patients with covid-19 experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. sars-cov-2 might infect the gastrointestinal tract through its viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and there is increasing evidence o ... | 2020 | 33139693 |
| a 67-year-old woman with sudden hearing loss associated with sars-cov-2 infection. | background few reports have described the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and sudden hearing loss. the precise pathophysiological mechanism causing this symptom is unknown. this report describes a case of sudden hearing loss in a patient with covid-19 pneumonia due to sars-cov-2 infection. case report a 67-year-old woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), as confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) testing from ... | 2020 | 33139689 |
| pulmonary embolism rate in patients infected with sars-cov-2 | | 2020 | 33139587 |
| impact of sandstorm and carnival celebrations on sars-cov-2 spreading in tenerife and gran canaria (canary islands, spain). | we address the hypothesis that the extraordinary sandstorm occurred on 22-24 february 2020 might have a role in the different cumulated incidence of covid-19 cases between the islands of tenerife and gran canaria, since it obliged to reduce significantly air traffic and forced to suspend all major carnival street events in all most locations. | 2020 | 33139083 |
| serological determinants of covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection spreaded rapidly worldwide, as far as it has become a global pandemic. therefore, the introduction of serological tests for determination of igm and igg antibodies has become the main diagnostic tool, useful for tracking the spread of the virus and for consequently allowing its containment. in our study we compared point of care test (poct) lateral flow immunoassay (fia) vs automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (clia), in or ... | 2020 | 33138856 |
| acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and stevens-johnson syndrome overlap due to hydroxychloroquine: a case report. | since the world health organization declared a global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus disease2019, there have been targeted efforts to establish management modalities. hydroxychloroquine has been suggested as a possible treatment; however, it is associated with multiple adverse reactions. we report a rare case of a patient with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with stevens-johnson syndrome due to hydroxychloroquine. acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is characterized by a ... | 2020 | 33138853 |
| tracheostomy during the covid-19 pandemic: comparison of international perioperative care protocols and practices in 26 countries. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has led to a global surge in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, some of whom may benefit from tracheostomy. decisions on if, when, and how to perform tracheostomy in patients with covid-19 have major implications for patients, clinicians, and hospitals. we investigated the tracheostomy protocols and practices that institutions around the world have put into place in response to the covid-19 pandemic. | 2020 | 33138722 |
| clinical characteristics of asymptomatic carriers of novel coronavirus disease 2019: a multi-center study in jiangsu province. | asymptomatic sars-cov-2-infected individuals are thought to play major roles in virus transmission. this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of asymptomatic carriers with covid-19 to control the spread of the virus. we retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of 648 consecutive subjects who were enrolled in the study and were divided into asymptomatic carriers, mild cases, ordinary cases, severe or critical cases, and evaluated their impact on disease severity by means of ... | 2020 | 33138692 |
| sars-cov-2 detection in gingival crevicular fluid. | understanding the pathophysiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection remains a significant challenge of our times. the gingival crevicular fluid being representative of systemic status and having a proven track record of detecting viruses and biomarkers forms a logical basis for evaluating the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the study aimed to assess gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) for evidence of sars-cov-2 in 33 patients who were deem ... | 2020 | 33138663 |
| lima soundscape before confinement and during curfew. airplane flights suppressions because of peruvian lockdown. | peru declared a state of emergency on march 16 in order to prevent sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmissions; thus, the international airport was closed and the soundscape of urban zones under the flight tracks have been changed in view of the fact that airplane traffic was suspended. the authors have been conducting noise monitoring since february and because of that sufficient noise data for knowing the soundscape before and during the lockdown were obtained. t ... | 2020 | 33138499 |
| antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals from honey against covid-19: potential mechanisms of action and future directions. | the new coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), has recently put the world under stress, resulting in a global pandemic. currently, there are no approved treatments or vaccines, and this severe respiratory illness has cost many lives. despite the established antimicrobial and immune-boosting potency described for honey, to date there is still a lack of evidence about its potential role amid covid-19 outbreak. based on the previously ... | 2020 | 33138197 |
| emerging mechanisms of pulmonary vasoconstriction in sars-cov-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and potential therapeutic targets. | the 1918 influenza killed approximately 50 million people in a few short years, and now, the world is facing another pandemic. in december 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and rapidly spread to cause the worst pandemic since 1918. recent clinical reports highlight an atypical presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) ... | 2020 | 33138181 |