| short beak and dwarfism syndrome of mule duck is caused by a distinct lineage of goose parvovirus. | from the early 1970s to the present, numerous cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (sbds) have been reported in mule ducks from france. the animals showed strong growth retardation with smaller beak and tarsus. it was suggested that the syndrome was caused by goose parvovirus on the basis of serological investigation, but the causative agent has not been isolated and the disease has not so far been reproduced by experimental infection. the aim of the present study was to characterize the vi ... | 2009 | 19322718 |
| successful treatment of equine sarcoids with cisplatin electrochemotherapy: a retrospective study of 48 cases. | reasons for performing study: sarcoids are the commonest form of equine skin tumour. several therapeutic measures have been described but none is considered to be universally effective. electrochemotherapy (ect) is a new anticancer therapy that utilises electrical field pulses to induce increased cell membrane permeability to antitumour hydrophilic drugs, such as cisplatin. the increased intracellular concentration of the drugs has a significant therapeutic benefit. the procedure has not been pr ... | 2011 | 21793876 |
| alteration of the chronic wasting disease species barrier by in vitro prion amplification. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) of cervids now detected in 19 states of the united states, three canadian provinces, and south korea. whether noncervid species can be infected by cwd and thereby serve as reservoirs for the infection is not known. to investigate this issue, we previously used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (spmca) to demonstrate that cwd prions can amplify in brain homogenates from several species sympatric with cer ... | 2011 | 21697475 |
| reduced association of anti-apoptotic protein mcl-1 with e3 ligase mule increases the stability of mcl-1 in breast cancer cells. | mechanisms that increase resistance to apoptosis help promote cellular transformation. cancer cells have deregulated apoptotic pathways, where increased expression and stability of anti-apoptotic proteins mcl-1 and bcl-2 increases resistance to apoptosis. pathways that increase the stability of proteins in cancer cells remain poorly understood. | 2011 | 21730980 |
| surveillance programme for important equine infectious respiratory pathogens in the usa. | the prevalence and epidemiology of important viral (equine influenza virus [eiv], equine herpesvirus type 1 [ehv-1] and ehv-4) and bacterial (streptococcus equi subspecies equi) respiratory pathogens shed by horses presented to equine veterinarians with upper respiratory tract signs and/or acute febrile neurological disease were studied. veterinarians from throughout the usa were enrolled in a surveillance programme and were asked to collect blood and nasal secretions from equine cases with acut ... | 2011 | 21676986 |
| evaluation of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, spermatogonial kinetics and niche in donkeys (equus asinus). | kinetics of spermatogonia as well as localization in niches have been described in rodents, but rarely in large animals or in species of economical interest. in this regard, and envisioning the possibility of spermatogonial transplantation from donkeys (equus asinus) to mules (equus mulus mulus), many variables that may contribute for an enhanced understanding of the spermatogonial biology in donkeys were investigated. testes from five adult donkeys were routinely processed for high-resolution l ... | 2009 | 19211205 |
| failure of fallow deer (dama dama) to develop chronic wasting disease when exposed to a contaminated environment and infected mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | we monitored a herd of fallow deer (dama dama) for evidence of prion infection for 7 yr by periodic postmortem examination of animals from the herd. the fallow deer were exposed to the chronic wasting disease (cwd) agent from mule deer by living in a paddock considered contaminated with infectivity from its history of housing cwd infected deer and, after the first year of the study, by comingling with infected mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). at least 8 of 12 mule deer serving as sentinels for p ... | 2011 | 21719844 |
| effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, carprofen, on weaned sheep following non-surgical mulesing by intradermal injection of cetrimide. | to assess in weaned lambs the palliative effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, carprofen, following intradermal injection of cetrimide to induce non-surgical mulesing. | 2009 | 19178472 |
| gotch ear: a poorly described, local, pathologic condition of livestock associated primarily with the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. | gotch ear is a condition in animals in which the ear is swollen, deformed, curled, drooped, possibly necrotic, and is usually associated with attachment by the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. little is known of the etiology or epidemiology of gotch ear in livestock. reports generally describe the condition in cattle, but it has also been reported in horses and mules and more recently in a goat. this review explores the history and etymology of the term "gotch ear" and reports on current st ... | 2011 | 22047764 |
| ultrasonographic features of the mule embryo, fetus and fetal-placental unit. | the aim of this study was to establish baseline ultrasound data concerning the mule conceptus during gestation. ten multiparous trotter mares were artificially inseminated with chilled semen from an amiatino jack donkey. daily transrectal ultrasonography was carried out from the day of ovulation until day 50 of gestation to determine the following: first detection of the embryonic vesicle (ev), mobility phase, ev diameter, day of ev fixation, changes in ev shape, date of yolk sac regression and ... | 2011 | 21958639 |
| assessment of welfare of suckling lambs following intradermal injection of cetrimide as a non-surgical alternative to conventional mulesing. | to assess in suckling lambs the impact of intradermal injection of cetrimide, a quaternary ammonium compound formulated to induce non-surgical mulesing, on some physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare. | 2009 | 19178471 |
| eleven generations of selection for the duration of fertility in the intergeneric crossbreeding of ducks. | a 12-generation selection experiment involving a selected line (s) and a control line (c) has been conducted since 1992 with the aim of increasing the number of fertile eggs laid by the brown tsaiya duck after a single artificial insemination (ai) with pooled muscovy semen. on average, 28.9% of the females and 17.05% of the males were selected. the selection responses and the predicted responses showed similar trends. the average predicted genetic responses per generation in genetic standard dev ... | 2009 | 19335901 |
| targeting the detection of chronic wasting disease using the hunter harvest during early phases of an outbreak in saskatchewan, canada. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal disease of north american cervids that was first detected in a wild, hunter-shot deer in saskatchewan along the border with alberta in canada in 2000. spatially explicit models for assessing factors affecting disease detection are needed to guide surveillance and control programs. spatio-temporal patterns in cwd prevalence can be complicated by variation in individual infection probability and sampling biases. we assessed hunter harvest data of mule deer ... | 2011 | 22137503 |
| detection of relapsing fever spirochetes (borrelia hermsii and borrelia coriaceae) in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from nevada, united states. | abstract surveillance of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus, rafinesque, 1917) populations for tick-borne diseases has helped define the distribution of these pathogens and their subsequent risk of transmission to humans and domestic animals. we surveyed three mule deer herds across the state of nevada for infection with relapsing fever borrelia spp. spirochetes. bacterial prevalence varied by the county where deer were sampled but borrelia spirochetes were detected in 7.7% of all deer sampled. in ... | 2011 | 21995265 |
| comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders. | the sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (cft) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), central veterinary institute of wageningen ur (cidc) and the united states department of agriculture (usda) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and cu ... | 2011 | 21896565 |
| an overview of the mosaic bacteriocin pln loci from lactobacillus plantarum. | the pln locus responsible for bacteriocin biosynthesis in lactobacillus plantarum c11 was first unraveled about 15 years ago and since then different strains of l. plantarum (nc8, wcfs1, j23 and j51) have been found to harbor mosaic pln loci in their genomes. each locus is of 18-19kb and contains 22-25 genes organized into 5-6 operons. together these strains produce four different class iib two-peptide bacteriocins, plantaricins ef, jk, nc8 and j51 and a pheromone peptide plantaricin a with anti ... | 2009 | 19465075 |
| animal diseases caused by orbiviruses, algeria. | antibodies against bluetongue virus were detected in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels in algeria in 2008. antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus were detected in cattle, but antibodies against african horse sickness virus were not detected in horses and mules. epizootic hemorrhagic disease in northern africa poses a major risk for the european union. | 2011 | 22172371 |
| genetic relationship between longevity and objectively or subjectively assessed performance traits in sheep using linear censored models. | genetic parameters of longevity in crossbred mule ewes, and genetic relationships among longevity, growth, body composition, and subjectively assessed traits on mule lambs and ewes have been estimated using bayesian linear censored models. additionally, the genetic associations between longevity and culling reasons were examined. data comprised 1,797 observations of mule ewes for longevity, culling reasons, growth, body composition, mouth scores, and type traits. longevity was defined as the tim ... | 2009 | 19648485 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| Penetrating injuries to the frog (cuneus ungulae) and collateral sulci of the foot in equids: 63 cases (1998-2008). | Objective-To determine the outcome of penetrating injuries to the central region of the foot in equids and identify factors that may affect treatment and outcome. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-63 equids (61 horses, 1 pony, and 1 mule). Procedures-Records of equids incurring puncture wounds through the frog (cuneus ungulae) or collateral sulci of the foot between 1998 and 2008 were reviewed. Evaluated factors that were hypothesized to affect outcome included signalment, degree o ... | 2011 | 21985353 |
| ubiquitin ligase arf-bp1/mule modulates base excision repair. | base excision repair (ber) is the major cellular pathway involved in removal of endogenous/spontaneous dna lesions. here, we study the mechanism that controls the steady-state levels of ber enzymes in human cells. by fractionating human cell extract, we purified the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule (arf-bp1/hecth9) as an enzyme that can ubiquitylate dna polymerase beta (pol beta), the major ber dna polymerase. we identified lysines 41, 61 and 81 as the major sites of modification and show that replaceme ... | 2009 | 19713937 |
| effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambs. | forty-eight 4- to 5-yr-old blackface x bluefaced leicester (mule) ewes and their 24-d-old twin lambs were used to assess the effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on performance and parasitism. the experiment consisted of 2 grazing periods: safe pasture period and experimental pasture period. during an adaptation period of 66 d, ewes were infected through oral dosing with teladorsagia circumcincta infective larvae (3 d per wk) and were supple ... | 2010 | 20023143 |
| genetic parameters for carcass composition and performance data in crossbred lambs measured by video image analysis. | a total of 7074 crossbred lambs, produced by mating crossbred mule ewes with terminal sire rams were used in this study. of these, 630 were scanned using a video image analysis (via) to estimate carcass quality traits. genetic parameters for average daily gain (adg), scanning live weight (sw), ultrasonic measures of muscle (umd) and fat (ufd) depths, cold carcass weight (ccw) and via measurements of primal carcass joint weights (leg, chump, loin, breast and shoulder) were estimated using multiva ... | 2008 | 20416581 |
| differentiation of meat from horse, donkey and their hybrids (mule/hinny) by electrophoretic separation of albumin. | meat from the species horse, donkey and their hybrids, mule/hinny, can be reliably identified by determination of genetic variants of serum albumin by starch gel electrophoresis of meat extracts. staining of the starch gel for carboxylesterase activity permits differentiation of most horses from donkeys while mules/hinnies cannot be distinguished from horses by their esterase activity alone. | 1987 | 22054691 |
| the effect of conditioning period on loin muscle tenderness in crossbred lambs with or without the texel muscling qtl (tm-qtl). | a texel muscling quantitative trait locus (tm-qtl) has been identified on chromosome 18, which increases loin muscling, but may also have a negative impact on mechanically-measured loin tenderness in crossbred lambs, depending on conditioning time. this study investigated the influence of a range of conditioning times (3, 5, 7 or 9 days) on the effect of tm-qtl on loin muscle tenderness. using texel rams heterozygous for tm-qtl, mated to non-carrier mule ewes, heterozygous (n=45) and wild-type ( ... | 2010 | 20416792 |
| Mule bite to the male genitalia with complete penile and anterior urethra amputation: unusual case and review of the literature. | Animal bite is rare with few cases reported in the literature. The morbidity of animal bites is directly related to the severity of the initial wound. Most victims are boys, and dog bites are the most common injury. Infectious complications are unusual, since treatment is sought early (Wein 2007). Thus, urologists are not usually familiar with management and principles for treating this condition. The authors report the case of a 38-year-old male with a severe mule bite injury to the genitalia c ... | 2011 | 22084804 |
| Molecular Study of Free-ranging Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer from British Columbia, Canada, for Evidence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. | Twenty-three free-ranging white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) from south-central British Columbia, Canada, were tested for Anaplasma marginale by msp5 gene-specific PCR and Ehrlichia spp. by 16S rRNA or citrate synthase (gltA) gene-specific PCR, as well as by PCR with universal 16S rRNA primers detecting a wide range of bacteria. No deer tested positive for A. marginale. Amplification with universal 16S rRNA primers followed by sequencing o ... | 2011 | 21933360 |
| behavioral and adrenal responses to various stressors in mule ducks from different commercial genetic selection schemes and their respective parental genotypes. | the mule duck, a hybrid produced by crossing a muscovy drake and a pekin female, is reported to express inappropriate behavior such as collective avoidance of people, the resulting distress and physical consequences potentially compromising their welfare. the present study was carried out to characterize the responses of mule duck strains from different commercial selection schemes to various stressful conditions and to confirm previous data on the genetic cross effects observed in a specific ge ... | 2010 | 20460654 |
| Index selection in terminal sires improves early lamb growth. | The use of terminal sires (TS) for crossbreeding is integral to the UK sheep industry where approximately 71% of market lambs are sired by TS rams. Early growth of these crossbred lambs affects profitability. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the effectiveness of index selection among TS on the BW and ADG of their crossbred offspring; and, (ii) to compare the efficacy of that selection within TS breeds. The most widely used TS breeds in the UK are Charollais, Suffolk and Texel. ... | 2011 | 22021813 |
| Polymorphic integrations of an endogenous gammaretrovirus in the mule deer genome. | Endogenous retroviruses constitute a significant genomic fraction in all mammalian species. Typically they are evolutionarily old and fixed in the host species population. Here we report on a novel endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERV? for cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus) in the mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus that is insertionally polymorphic among individuals from the same geographical location, suggesting that it has a more recent evolutionary origin. Using PCR-based methods, we identified seve ... | 2011 | 22190723 |
| e3 ubiquitin ligase mule ubiquitinates miz1 and is required for tnfalpha-induced jnk activation. | the zinc finger transcription factor miz1 is a negative regulator of tnfalpha-induced jnk activation and cell death through inhibition of traf2 k63-polyubiquitination in a transcription-independent manner. upon tnfalpha stimulation, miz1 undergoes k48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby relieving its inhibition. however, the underling regulatory mechanism is not known. here, we report that hect-domain-containing mule is the e3 ligase that catalyzes tnfalpha-induced miz ... | 2010 | 20624960 |
| comparison of nonlinear and spline regression models for describing mule duck growth curves. | this study compared models for growth (bw) before overfeeding period for male mule duck data from 7 families of a qtl experimental design. four nonlinear models (gompertz, logistic, richards, and weibull) and a spline linear regression model were used. this study compared fixed and mixed effects models to analyze growth. the akaike information criterion was used to evaluate these alternative models. among the nonlinear models, the mixed effects weibull model had the best overall fit. two paramet ... | 2010 | 20634537 |
| rapid detection of cwd prp: comparison of tests designed for the detection of bse or scrapie. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) mainly affecting cervids in north america. the accumulation of an abnormal form of host-encoded prion protein (prp(cwd) ) in the cns and lymphoid tissues is characteristic of the disease and known to be caused by pathogenic prion proteins (prp(res) ), which are thought to be transmitted mainly by contact with body fluids, such like saliva. species known to be naturally infected by cwd include rocky mountain elk (cer ... | 2011 | 22212828 |
| immune responses and protection against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus induced by the newcastle disease virus h5 vaccine in ducks. | ducks play an important role in the epidemiology of avian influenza, and there is a need for new avian influenza vaccines that are suitable for mass vaccination in ducks. the immune responses as well as highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 protection induced by a newcastle disease virus (ndv) vector expressing an h5n1 hemagglutinin (rndv-h5) were investigated in mule ducks, a hybrid between muscovy (cairina moschata domesticus) males and pekin (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) females. im ... | 2012 | 23402116 |
| functional genomics approach for identification of molecular processes underlying neurodegenerative disorders in prion diseases. | prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) are infectious neurodegenerative disorders leading to death. these include cresutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), familial, sporadic and variant cjd and kuru in humans; and animal tses include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (cwd) of mule deer and elk, and transmissible mink encephalopathy. all these tses share common pathological features such as accumulation of mis-folded p ... | 2012 | 23372423 |
| insulin effect on lipogenesis and fat distribution in three genotypes of ducks during overfeeding. | in waterfowl, the response to overfeeding differs from one genotype to the other. pekin ducks generally store lipids in the peripheral tissues while muscovy and mule ducks promote hepatic lipid storage. a possible reason for these various susceptibilities to hepatic steatosis could be a difference in insulin sensitivity. we suggest a resistance to insulin in pekin ducks. in the present work we investigate the action of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolisms for the three overfed genotypes. reg ... | 2012 | 23280472 |
| association mapping of genetic risk factors for chronic wasting disease in wild deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting north american cervids. we assessed the feasibility of association mapping cwd genetic risk factors in wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) using a panel of bovine microsatellite markers from three homologous deer linkage groups predicted to contain candidate genes. these markers had a low cross-species amplification rate (27.9%) and showed weak linkage disequ ... | 2012 | 23467626 |
| comparison of repeatability and multiple trait threshold models for litter size in sheep using observed and simulated data in bayesian analyses. | bayesian analyses were used to estimate genetic parameters on 5580 records of litter size in the first four parities from 1758 mule ewes. to examine the appropriateness of fitting repeatability (rm) or multiple trait threshold models (mtm) to litter size of different parities, both models were used to estimate genetic parameters on the observed data and were thereafter compared in a simulation study. posterior means of the heritabilities of litter size in different parities using a mtm ranged fr ... | 2010 | 20646113 |
| the case of a reluctant mule. | | 2007 | 1913381 |
| nutritional sensitivity of periparturient resistance to nematode parasites in two breeds of sheep with different nutrient demands. | the periparturient relaxation of immunity (ppri) to parasites in mammals is sensitive to both metabolisable protein (mp) supply and animal genotype (different reproductive outputs). we tested the hypothesis that the sensitivity of ppri to mp scarcity would not differ between different levels of reproductive output when nutrient intake is adjusted for associated differences in mp demand; this hypothesis assumes that ppri has a nutritional basis only. scottish blackface (bf) and the more productiv ... | 2010 | 20691124 |
| dermatomycosis in a mule deer in alberta. | | 2016 | 4810221 |
| patellar subluxation. a recent history. | for 15 years (1955 to 1970), i was plowing "new ground" pretty much by myself. when you plow behind an old mule and hit a stump hole full of cottonmouth moccasins, you have to get on the move in a hurry and figure out some solution to the predicament or you won't get your corn planted. so, i was not treating the overweight, knock-kneed, loose-jointed, teenaged girl, but the young boy or girl who thought that he or she was an athlete and had dreams of being a star. if rehabilitation did not work, ... | 2009 | 2752433 |
| serosurveillance for livestock pathogens in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | routine disease surveillance has been conducted for decades in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california for pathogens shared between wildlife and domestic ruminants that may have implications for the animal production industry and wildlife health. deer sampled from 1990 to 2007 (n = 2,619) were tested for exposure to six pathogens: bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), leptospira spp., anaplasma spp. and brucella spp. we eval ... | 2012 | 23209790 |
| incidence of burkholderia mallei infection among indigenous equines in india. | burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders which is a highly contagious and fatal disease of equines. considering the nature and severity of the disease in equines, and potential of transmission to human beings, glanders is recognised as a 'notifiable' disease in many countries. an increasing number of glanders outbreaks throughout the asian continents, including india, have been noticed recently. in view of the recent re-emergence of the disease, the present study was undertaken to ... | 2015 | 26457190 |
| microscopic and molecular detection of theileria (babesia) equi infection in equids of kurdistan province, iran. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is the cause of persistent tick-borne infection with no symptoms, but the most important problem of ep is due to the persistent carrier state. carrier animals to babesia (theileria) equi (laveran 1901) and b. caballi (nuttall, 1910) infestation could be identified by extremely sensitive pcr-based method. the purpose of this study was to identify the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis based on molecular and microscopic assays in equids from kurdistan province, iran ... | 0 | 27095973 |
| a review of african horse sickness and its implications for ireland. | african horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of culicoides midges. the equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and european donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and african donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. in recent years, bluetongue virus, an orbivirus similar to african horse sickness, which also utilises culicoides s ... | 2012 | 22553991 |
| functional characterization of the active mutator-like transposable element, muta1 from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread with members in fungi, plants, and animals. most of the research on the mule superfamily has focused on plant mules where they were discovered and where some are extremely active and have significant impact on genome structure. the maize mudr element has been widely used as a tool for both forward and reverse genetic studies because of its high transposition rate and preference for targeting genic regions. however, despite being widesprea ... | 2017 | 28096902 |
| functional analysis of normalized difference vegetation index curves reveals overwinter mule deer survival is driven by both spring and autumn phenology. | large herbivore populations respond strongly to remotely sensed measures of primary productivity. whereas most studies in seasonal environments have focused on the effects of spring plant phenology on juvenile survival, recent studies demonstrated that autumn nutrition also plays a crucial role. we tested for both direct and indirect (through body mass) effects of spring and autumn phenology on winter survival of 2315 mule deer fawns across a wide range of environmental conditions in idaho, usa. ... | 2014 | 24733951 |
| exclusion of introduced deer increases size and seed production success in an island-endemic plant species. | the presence of extra-local invaders, such as the southern california mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) on santa catalina island, may contribute to more selective and insidious effects within the unique ecosystems that have evolved in their absence. studies at the species level may detect effects not noticed in broader, community level vegetation monitoring or help tease apart differences in the level of effect among the various ecological components of an invaded system. in this initial study, we ... | 2016 | 26843937 |
| challenges in identifying and determining the impacts of infection with pestiviruses on the herd health of free ranging cervid populations. | although most commonly associated with the infection of domestic livestock, the replication of pestiviruses, in particular the two species of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), occurs in a wide range of free ranging cervids including white-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk, red deer, roe deer, eland and mousedeer. while virus isolation and serologic analyses indicate that pestiviruses are circulating in these populations, little is known regarding their impact. the lack of regular survei ... | 2016 | 27379051 |
| gene expression alterations in rocky mountain elk infected with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an invariably fatal neurologic disease that naturally infects mule deer, white tailed deer and elk. the understanding of cwd neurodegeneration at a molecular level is very limited. in this study, microarray analysis was performed to determine changes in the gene expression profiles in six different tissues including brain, midbrain, thalamus, spleen, rpln and tonsil of cwd-infected elk in comparison to non-infected healthy elk, using 24,000 bovine specific oligo ... | 2012 | 22561165 |
| identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in deer (odocoileus spp.) using the bovinesnp50 beadchip. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are growing in popularity as a genetic marker for investigating evolutionary processes. a panel of snps is often developed by comparing large quantities of dna sequence data across multiple individuals to identify polymorphic sites. for non-model species, this is particularly difficult, as performing the necessary large-scale genomic sequencing often exceeds the resources available for the project. in this study, we trial the bovine snp50 beadchip developed ... | 2012 | 22590559 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in domestic and wild small ruminants and camelids including the mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. the virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of virus throughout their lifetime. bvdv has been reported in over 40 domestic and free-ranging species, an ... | 2016 | 26779126 |
| long-lasting effects of maternal condition in free-ranging cervids. | causes of phenotypic variation are fundamental to evolutionary ecology because they influence the traits acted upon by natural selection. one such cause of phenotypic variation is a maternal effect, which is the influence of the environment experienced by a female (and her corresponding phenotype) on the phenotype of her offspring (independent of the offspring's genotype). while maternal effects are well documented, the longevity and fitness impact of these effects remains unclear because it is ... | 2013 | 23472189 |
| studies of quinapyramine-resistance of trypanosoma brucei evansi in china. | in the present article, we summarize our studies of antrycide-resistance of trypanosoma brucei evansi in four aspects in the last recent several years, the analysis of quinapyramine-sensitive situation of t. b. evansi in china, biological characteristics of t. b. evansi population in quinapyramine-resistance and biological materials of quinapyramine-resistance in t. b. evansi population. firstly, the correlative assays of effective dosage of quinapyramine on t. b. evansi disease between in vivo ... | 2010 | 20813092 |
| prepubertal gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog leads to exaggerated behavioral and emotional sex differences in sheep. | in mammals, sex specialization is reflected by differences in brain anatomy and function. measurable differences are documented in reproductive behavior, cognition, and emotion. we hypothesized that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays a crucial role in controlling the extent of the brain's sex specificity and that changes in gnrh action during critical periods of brain development, such as puberty, will result in altered sex-specific behavioral and physiological patterns. we blocked pube ... | 2010 | 20934426 |
| theileria equi and babesia caballi infection of equids in punjab, india: a serological and molecular survey. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in submountain undulating, undulating plain, western and western plain agro-climatic zones of punjab province, india, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and associated related risk factors of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in equids (horses, donkey, mules). an overall prevalence of 14.14 and 0.0% of t. equi and b. caballi was recorded by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) for both ... | 2016 | 26387094 |
| genetic parameters of product quality and hepatic metabolism in fattened mule ducks. | genetic parameters of traits related to hepatic lipid metabolism, carcass composition, and product quality of overfed mule ducks were estimated on both parental lines of this hybrid: the common duck line for the maternal side and the muscovy line for the paternal side. the originality of the statistical model was to include simultaneously the additive genetic effect of the common ducks and that of the muscovy ducks, revealing a greater genetic determinism in common than in muscovy. plasma metabo ... | 2010 | 21075969 |
| the eel-1 ubiquitin ligase promotes dna damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in c. elegans. | e3 ubiquitin ligases target a growing number of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, including tumour suppressor p53, caspases, and the bcl-2 family. the core apoptosis pathway is well conserved between mammals and caenorhabditis elegans, but the extent to which ubiquitin ligases regulate apoptotic cell death is not known. to investigate the role of e3 ligases in apoptosis, we inhibited 108 of the 165 predicted e3 ubiquitin ligase genes by rna interference and quantified apoptosis in the c. elegans ... | 2011 | 21233842 |
| monitoring of genetic diversity in the endangered martina franca donkey population. | the martina franca (mf) donkey, an ancient native breed of apulia, was mostly famous for mule production. the breed was at serious risk of extinction in the 1980s following the decrease in demand for draft animals because they were increasingly replaced by agricultural machinery. much has been done in the last few decades to safeguard the existing donkey breeds, but the situation remains critical. successful implementation of conservation measures includes an evaluation of the present degree of ... | 2011 | 21521813 |
| navitoclax (abt-263) accelerates apoptosis during drug-induced mitotic arrest by antagonizing bcl-xl. | combining microtubule-targeting anti-mitotic drugs with targeted apoptosis potentiators is a promising new chemotherapeutic strategy to treat cancer. in this study we investigate the cellular mechanism by which navitoclax (previously called abt-263), a bcl-2 family inhibitor, potentiates apoptosis triggered by paclitaxel and an inhibitor of kinesin-5 (ksp), across a panel of epithelial cancer lines. using time-lapse microscopy, we show that navitoclax has little effect on cell death during inter ... | 2011 | 21546570 |
| first serosurvey of besnoitia spp. infection in wild european ruminants in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti has been reported to affect cattle, wildebeest, kudu and impala, and b. tarandi other wild ruminants (caribou, reindeer, mule deer and musk ox), causing similar characteristic clinical signs and lesions. however, both besnoitia species have been reported in different geographical areas and the link between the sylvatic and domestic life cycles of besnoita spp. in wild ruminants and cattle remains unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodie ... | 2013 | 23790546 |
| serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ... | 2012 | 22795672 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| epidemiologic analysis of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys in northern italy. | equine sarcoids develop upon bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2 (bpv1, bpv2) infection in conjunction with trauma and represent the most common tumour disease in horses and other equids, including donkeys. in face of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys and mules at the 'rifugio degli asinelli', a subsidiary charity organization of the donkey sanctuary, non-invasively collected sample material including crusts, dandruff, swabs and hair roots was collected from sarcoid-affected and 26 he ... | 2016 | 27939161 |
| evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in three species of sympatric wild ungulates in nevada: life history strategies may maintain endemic infections in wild populations. | evidence for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was detected in 2009-2010 while investigating a pneumonia die-off in rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis, canadensis), and sympatric mountain goats (oreamnos americanum) in adjacent mountain ranges in elko county, nevada. seroprevalence to bvdv-1 was 81% (n = 32) in the bighorns and 100% (n = 3) in the mountain goats. serosurveillance from 2011 to 2015 of surviving bighorns and mountain goats as well as sympatric mule deer (odoc ... | 2016 | 27014215 |
| mitochondrial-dependent n-terminal processing of outer membrane mcl-1 removes an essential mule/lasu1 binding site. | mcl-1, a pro-survival member of the bcl-2 family located at the mitochondrial outer membrane, is subject to constitutive ubiquitylation by the bh3-only e3 ligase, mule/lasu1, resulting in rapid steady-state degradation via the 26s proteasome. insertion of newly-synthesized mcl-1 into the mitochondrial outer membrane is dependent on its c-terminal transmembrane (tm) segment, but once inserted the n-termini of a portion of the mcl-1 molecules can be subject to proteolytic processing. remarkably, t ... | 2011 | 21613222 |
| the role of working equines to livelihoods in current day campesino hill-slope communities in central mexico. | small-holder campesino agriculture is based on the diversified use of resources and off-farm work. working equines have a multifunctional character and sustain the diversification of livelihoods having different values as assets or providing services. the objective was to identify the role of working equines in current diversification strategies in the livelihoods of campesino families in a hill-slope community in central mexico within livelihoods analysis. thirty-one variables related to owners ... | 2011 | 21637993 |
| pathological and epidemiological significance of goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus infection in ducks. | goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (ghpv) is the viral agent of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese, a lethal disease of goslings. it was recently shown that ghpv can also be detected in muscovy and mule ducks. the goal of the present study was to investigate the pathobiology of ghpv in ducks. in the first experiment, field isolates of ghpv from muscovy or mule ducks were fully sequenced and compared with goose ghpv. these duck isolates were then used to inoculate 1-day-old goslings. typical ... | 2011 | 21812713 |
| the emerging role of mule and arf in the regulation of base excision repair. | the arf (alternative reading frame) protein is encoded in the ink4a locus of human chromosome 9 that is frequently mutated in cancer cells. it was recently demonstrated that arf is induced in response to dna damage and inhibits, by direct interaction, the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule that regulates p53 protein levels. mule inhibition leads to p53 accumulation and activates cellular dna damage responses. mule has also recently been identified as a major e3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation ... | 2011 | 21726556 |
| production of donor-derived offspring after ovarian transplantation between muscovy (cairina moschata) and pekin (anas platyrhynchos) ducks. | transplantation of ovarian tissue between different breeds of chickens or japanese quail can result in normal egg production and give rise to donor-derived offspring with a high frequency. the feasibility of interspecific ovarian transplantation was evaluated by transplanting ovarian tissue from muscovy ducks to pekin ducks just after hatch, with subsequent treatment of the recipients with an immunosuppressant. among the 8 mature pekin ducks that had received ovarian tissue from muscovy duckling ... | 2012 | 22184444 |
| noxa controls mule-dependent mcl-1 ubiquitination through the regulation of the mcl-1/usp9x interaction. | the level of the mcl-1 pro-survival protein is highly regulated, and the down-regulation of mcl-1 expression favors the apoptotic process. mcl-1 physically interacts with different bh3-only proteins; particularly, noxa is involved in the modulation of mcl-1 expression. in this study, we demonstrated that noxa triggers the degradation of mcl-1 at the mitochondria according to the exclusive location of noxa at this compartment. the noxa-induced degradation of mcl-1 required the e3 ligase mule, whi ... | 2011 | 21907705 |
| proteomic profile evolution during steatosis development in ducks. | we investigated a protein profile evolution during steatosis in ducks using 2-dimensional electrophoresis gels to better understand the mechanisms underlying liver steatosis at the level of hepatic proteins in waterfowl. two-dimensional electrophoresis gels were performed in the liver at different stages of steatosis in the duck. mule ducks were slaughtered after 0, 14, or 23 meals of overfeeding, according to commercial conditions. thirty-one proteic spots were differentially expressed between ... | 2012 | 22184436 |
| a survey of the prevalence of blowfly strike and the control measures used in the rûens area of the western cape province of south africa. | blowfly strike and the methods used to combat blowfly strike were recorded on 33 properties in the rûens area of south africa during 2003/2004. data were recorded on merino and dohne merino hoggets (n = 4951) with at least 3 months' wool growth. the following data were captured: presence or absence of strike, site of the strike (body or breech), presence or absence of dermatophilosis as well as subjective scores for wool quality and wool colour. control measures recorded include: chemical treatm ... | 2011 | 22135924 |
| Mule determines the apoptotic response to HDAC inhibitors by targeted ubiquitination and destruction of HDAC2. | Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic modulators involved in a broad spectrum of human diseases including cancers. Administration of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) leads to growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of HDACs is imperative to harness the therapeutic potentials of HDACis. Here we show that HDACi- and DNA damage-induced apoptosis are severely compromised in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking a HECT domain ubiquit ... | 2011 | 22016339 |
| Targeted polyubiquitylation of RASSF1C by the Mule and SCFß-TrCP ligases in response to DNA damage. | RASSF1A [Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1A] and RASSF1C are two ubiquitously expressed isoforms of the RASSF1 gene. The promoter of RASSF1A is frequently hypermethylated, resulting in inactivation in various human cancers. RASSF1A is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, microtubule stability and cell cycle arrest. However, little is known about the regulation and function of RASSF1C. In the present study we show that exogenously expressed RASSF1C is a very unstable prot ... | 2012 | 21910689 |
| Identification by Proteomic Analysis of Early Post-mortem Markers Involved in the Variability in Fat Loss during Cooking of Mule Duck "Foie Gras". | Fat loss during cooking of duck "foie gras" is the main quality issue for both processors and consumers. Despite the efforts of the processing industry to control fat loss, the variability of fatty liver cooking yield remains high and uncontrolled. To better understand the biological basis of this phenomenon, a proteomic study was conducted. To analyze the protein fraction soluble at low ionic strength (LIS), we used bidimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for the identification of s ... | 2011 | 21999348 |
| Duration of transport and holding in lairage at constant postprandial delay to slaughter--effects on fatty liver and breast muscle quality in mule ducks. | The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of preslaughter transport (30 vs. 150 min) and holding of mule ducks in lairage in their transport crates (15 vs. 120 min) on the quality of the meat and fatty liver. A total of 120 birds were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with a constant postprandial delay to slaughter (8 h), to avoid the confounding between the effects of the experimental treatments and those of fasting duration. Under such conditions, extending the transport or hol ... | 2011 | 21934021 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for species identification of goose and mule duck in foie gras products. | polymerase chain reaction amplification of a conserved region of the a-actin gene has been used for the specific identification of goose (anser anser) and mule duck (anas platyrhynchos×cairina moschata) foie gras. universal primers were used for the amplification of a dna fragment containing three introns and four exons of the a-actin gene in goose and mule duck. sequence analysis of the amplified fragments was necessary for the design of forward species-specific primers in the goose and mule du ... | 2003 | 22063768 |
| Epidemiological investigation and genome analysis of duck circovirus in Southern China. | Duck circovirus (DuCV), a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of ~35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40~60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. F ... | 2011 | 21979568 |
| the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule acts through the atm-p53 axis to maintain b lymphocyte homeostasis. | cellular homeostasis is controlled by pathways that balance cell death with survival. mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase e3 (mule) is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the proapoptotic molecule p53 for polyubiquitination and degradation. to elucidate the role of mule in b lymphocyte homeostasis, b cell-specific mule knockout (bmko) mice were generated using the cre-loxp recombination system. analysis of bmko mice showed that mule was essential for b cell development, proliferation, homeostasis, and humora ... | 2012 | 22213803 |
| neurogenic inflammation in the upper digestive tract of the mule duck: effect of a chemical algogen and force-feeding. | 1. the objectives were to quantify the presence of neurogenic inflammation in 4 regions of the upper digestive tract of anaesthetised ducks (post-pharynx, pseudo-crop, transition between the pseudo-crop and the proventriculus, and proventriculus) after application of hcl stimulation of up to 4 m in the pseudo-crop. 2. the second objective was to quantify the presence of neurogenic inflammation in the same digestive tract regions as mentioned above during 4 feeding periods of foie gras producti ... | 2011 | 22221246 |
| mule spinner's disease. | mule spinner's disease represents the occurrence of scrotal cancer in cotton textile workers exposed to mineral oils on a long-term basis while working on a machine called "the mule." we describe a 66-year-old cotton textile worker who had frequent scrotal contact with mineral oils and later had multiple squamous cell carcinomas of the scrotum develop. he also had a variety of other keratotic lesions develop on the scrotum that histopathologically demonstrated features of verruca, lichenoid kera ... | 2014 | 3977358 |
| autogenous dermis-fat "baseball" orbital implant. | a new procedure has been devised for the construction of an autogenous dermis-fat orbital implant, in which two figure-eight-shaped dermis-fat grafts are sutured together into a baseball shape. correct implant size can be determined by preplacement of different-sized mule spheres and testing for accurate fit. the "baseball" implant eliminates deep orbital fat which is distant from a vascular supply, and because it is covered with dermis, it maximizes graft vascularization, thus promoting surviva ... | 2012 | 3550559 |
| the oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: a complex eukaryotic genome with 16,000 tiny chromosomes. | the macronuclear genome of the ciliate oxytricha trifallax displays an extreme and unique eukaryotic genome architecture with extensive genomic variation. during sexual genome development, the expressed, somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portion of a small fraction (∼5%) of its precursor "silent" germline micronuclear genome by a process of "unscrambling" and fragmentation. the tiny macronuclear "nanochromosomes" typically encode single, protein-coding genes (a small port ... | 2013 | 23382650 |
| outbreak investigation and molecular characterization of african horse sickness virus circulating in selected areas of ethiopia. | the study was conducted from june 2011 to may 2012 in central, northern and western parts of ethiopia to investigate and identify circulating serotypes of african horse sickness virus (ahsv). the indigenous knowledge of equine owners about ahs in the study areas was assessed and also the retrospective data of ahs outbreaks for 2011 were analyzed. whole blood samples were collected for virus isolation and serotyping from diseased horses and mules showing typical signs of the ahs. virus isolation ... | 2013 | 23567554 |
| vector ecology of equine piroplasmosis. | equine piroplasmosis is a disease of equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, caused by either of two protozoan parasites, theileria equi or babesia caballi. these parasites are biologically transmitted between hosts via tick vectors, and although they have inherent differences they are categorized together because they cause similar pathology and have similar morphologies, life cycles, and vector relationships. to complete their life cycle, these parasites must undergo a complex s ... | 2015 | 25564746 |
| seroprevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi in five draught equine populated metropolises of punjab, pakistan. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by intraerythrocytic parasites (theileria equi and babesia caballi) is an emerging equine disease of world-wide distribution. in pakistan, the prevalence and incidence of ep are unknown. in order to obtain the first insights into the prevalence of the disease, a total of 430 equids, including 33 mules, 65 horses and 332 donkeys, aging from ≤ 5 to ≥ 10 years of either sex, from five metropolises of punjab, pakistan, were serologically tested for the presence of an ... | 2014 | 24582524 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with babesia caballi and theileria equi infection in equids. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on equids (horses, mules and donkeys) in andalusia, southern spain, to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis and to investigate risk factors associated with these infections. at least one animal seropositive for theileria equi and/or babesia caballi was detected in 222/380 (58.4%) herds sampled by competitive inhibition elisas. the seroprevalences for b. caballi and t. equi were 13.2% and 56.1%, respectively; there was serological evidence o ... | 2013 | 22784418 |
| genetic source tracking of an anthrax outbreak in shaanxi province, china. | anthrax is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium known as bacillus anthracis. from 26 july to 8 august 2015, an outbreak with 20 suspected cutaneous anthrax cases was reported in ganquan county, shaanxi province in china. the genetic source tracking analysis of the anthrax outbreak was performed by molecular epidemiological methods in this study. | 2017 | 28093076 |
| survey of colorado's wild ruminants for serologic titers to brucellosis and leptospirosis. | a 10-year survey for serologic titers to brucellosis and leptospirosis in mule deer ( odocoileus hemionus ), elk ( cervus canadensis ), and antelope ( antilocapra americana ) in colorado is summarized. over 10,000 blood samples were tested against brucella abortus and 4,747 samples were tested against leptospira pomona . a total of 1,761 blood samples were tested against l. canicola , l. grippotyphosa , l. hardjo , l. icterohemorrhagiae . all results were considered negative. | 1977 | 24228967 |
| glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses. | glanders is the contagious zoonotic disease caused by infection with burkholderia mallei. it affects primarily horses, donkeys and mules. the disease was eradicated from large areas of the western world in the early 20th century, but, over the last 10-20 years, has emerged and re-emerged in areas in which it was previously unknown or had been eradicated. although glanders was previously thought to manifest in only acute or chronic presentations, it now appears that b. mallei can produce latent i ... | 2016 | 27288893 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil for diagnosing glanders in mules. | to assess the potency of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil, five animals were from a property identified as a focus of glanders. these animals had suggestive clinical signs of the disease and the other five, from a property free from glanders, showed no clinical signs and were serology negative (control group). ppd-mallein from burkholderia mallei was obtained by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate. the animals were inoculated according to the criteria established by de ... | 2013 | 24159303 |
| glanders in animals: a review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and countermeasures. | glanders or farcy, caused by burkholderia mallei, is an infectious and zoonotic disease of solipeds. horses, donkeys and mules are the only known natural reservoir of b. mallei. although glanders has been eradicated from most countries, it has regained the status of a re-emerging disease because of the numerous recent outbreaks. pre-symptomatic or carrier animals are the potential source of infection for the healthy equine population and play a crucial role in the spreading of the infectious age ... | 2013 | 22630609 |
| identification of the 1b vaccine strain of chlamydia abortus in aborted placentas during the investigation of toxaemic and systemic disease in sheep. | one hundred and forty cheviot and 100 suffolk cross mule primiparous 1-2-year-old ewes, from a flock of about 700 ewes, were vaccinated with an attenuated live 1b strain chlamydia abortus vaccine about 4 weeks before ram introduction (september 2011). between 08 march and 01 april 2012, 50 2-year-old ewes aborted and 29 of these died, despite antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment and supportive care. | 2015 | 25695509 |
| assessment of chlamydia psittaci shedding and environmental contamination as potential sources of worker exposure throughout the mule duck breeding process. | chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for avian chlamydiosis, otherwise known as psittacosis, a zoonotic disease that may lead to severe atypical pneumonia. this study was conducted on seven mule duck flocks harboring asymptomatic birds to explore the circulation and persistence of c. psittaci during the entire breeding process and assess the potential sources of worker exposure. cloacal swabs and air samples were taken on each occasion requiring humans to handle ... | 2015 | 26712548 |
| chlamydia psittaci in ducks: a hidden health risk for poultry workers. | chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen associated primarily with avian chlamydiosis also referred as psittacosis. human psittacosis can lead to severe cases of respiratory disease. the mule duck is one of the main bird hybrids associated with human cases of psittacosis in france. in order to better understand the epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, monitoring studies were performed in both breeder flocks and mule duck flocks. surveys conducted in one professional duck bredding organization re ... | 2015 | 25854003 |
| mule deer spatial association patterns and potential implications for transmission of an epizootic disease. | animal social behaviour can have important effects on the long-term dynamics of diseases. in particular, preferential spatial relationships between individuals can lead to differences in the rates of disease spread within a population. we examined the concurrent influence of genetic relatedness, sex, age, home range overlap, time of year, and prion disease status on proximal associations of adult rocky mountain mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in a chronic wasting disease endemic area. w ... | 2017 | 28388681 |
| molecular mechanisms of chronic wasting disease prion propagation. | prion disease epidemics, which have been unpredictable recurrences, are of significant concern for animal and human health. examples include kuru, once the leading cause of death among the fore people in papua new guinea and caused by mortuary feasting; bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and its subsequent transmission to humans in the form of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd), and repeated examples of large-scale prion disease epidemics in animals caused by contaminated vaccines. the ... | 2017 | 28193766 |
| horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer. | we challenged reindeer by the intracranial route with the agent of chronic wasting disease sourced from white-tailed deer, mule deer, or elk and tested for horizontal transmission to naive reindeer. reindeer were susceptible to chronic wasting disease regardless of source species. horizontal transmission occurred through direct contact or indirectly through the environment. | 2016 | 27869594 |