| correction of antigen-specific t-lymphocyte function by recombinant cytokines in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | to determine the role of cytokines in the immunodeficiency of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), we compared the antigen-specific (tetanus toxoid-induced) t-lymphocyte blastogenesis of hiv-1-infected patients with and without the addition of exogenous interleukin-1 and interleukin-2. acquisition of in vitro antigen-specific immunologic function was seen in some patients after the addition of exogenous cytokines. the antigen-specific immunodeficiency in some hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1357123 |
| phase i study of continuous-infusion soluble cd4 as a single agent and in combination with oral dideoxyinosine therapy in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant soluble cd4 (scd4) administered by continuous intravenous infusion to children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, we conducted a phase i study at the national cancer institute. three dose levels of scd4 were evaluated: 100, 300, and 1000 micrograms/kg per day. after an initial 12 weeks of treatment with scd4 alone, dideoxyinosine at a dose of 90 mg/m2 every 8 hours was added and subjects were observed for an ... | 1992 | 1357124 |
| risk of developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | this study examines the risk of developing cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis as a function of the duration and degree of cd4+ lymphocyte depletion. a retrospective analysis of 135 persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was performed. kaplan-meier estimates for the percentage of patients developing cmv retinitis during the 27-month study period were calculated. twenty-six patients were diagnosed as having cmv retinitis. in 14 of these patients, t cell phenotyping was done with ... | 1992 | 1357151 |
| randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of low-dose oral interferon-alpha in hiv-1 antibody positive patients. | one hundred forty-nine patients of private physicians in toronto, canada, who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), medically stable, and had cd4 cell counts of < 700 cells/mm3 participated in a randomized, double-blind trial of placebo versus low-dose (50 u) versus high-dose (100 u) oral interferon-alpha. treatment allocation was balanced according to baseline cd4 cell count and history of prior antiviral therapy. patients were observed at 4 and 8 weeks for assessment of adverse ... | 1992 | 1357152 |
| nutritional status and food intake in human immunodeficiency virus infection. gi/hiv study group. | nutritional status and food intake of hiv+ and hiv- homosexual men that were free from enteric pathogens were compared. food intake (7-day weighed record), anthropometry, and d-xylose excretion were measured in 44 patients (9 hiv-, 35 hiv+). hiv+ patients were found to be thinner, based on anthropometric measurements of skinfold thickness (p < 0.05) and percentage body fat (p < 0.05), and they also tended to be lighter than the hiv- patients. no differences were observed in the arm muscle mass o ... | 1992 | 1357153 |
| role of vif in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cd4+ t lymphocytes. | the viral infectivity factor gene vif of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been shown to affect the infectivity but not the production of virus particles. in this study, the effect of vif in the context of the hxb2 virus on virus replication in several cd4+ t-cell lines was investigated. vif was found to be required for replication in the cd4+ t-cell lines cem and h9 as well as in peripheral blood t lymphocytes. vif was not required for replication in the supt1, c8166, and jurkat t-cell li ... | 1992 | 1357189 |
| truncation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain blocks virus infectivity. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 contains a transmembrane glycoprotein with an unusually long cytoplasmic domain. to determine the role of this domain in virus replication, a series of single nucleotide changes that result in the insertion of premature termination codons throughout the cytoplasmic domain has been constructed. these mutations delete from 6 to 192 amino acids from the carboxy terminus of gp41 and do not affect the amino acid sequence of the regulatory proteins encoded by rev an ... | 1992 | 1357190 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gag gene product p18 is responsible for enhanced fusogenicity and host range tropism of the highly cytopathic hiv-1-ndk strain. | formation of large syncytia and rapid cell killing are characteristics of the zairian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate hiv-1-ndk, which is highly cytopathic for cd4+ lymphocytes in comparison with the hiv-1-lav prototype. chimeric viruses containing different combinations of hiv-1-ndk genetic determinants corresponding to the splice donor, the packaging signal, and the coding sequence of the p18gag protein together with the hiv-1-ndk ecori5278-xhoi8401 fragment were obtained by polyme ... | 1992 | 1357191 |
| long-term symptomless hiv-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor. | there have been reported cases of long-term symptomless human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, but it is not clear whether the benign course of infection was due to host, viral, or other unknown factors. during follow-up of subjects with transfusion-acquired hiv-1 infection in new south wales, australia, we identified a group of 6 subjects who had been infected through a single common donor. we were therefore able to study the contributions of various factors to the course of inf ... | 1992 | 1357294 |
| the role of guaifenesin in the treatment of sinonasal disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | inflammatory sinonasal disease is a common problem in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). although some patients present with acute or chronic sinusitis, many describe persistent nasal congestion and thick, tenacious postnasal drainage, even in the absence of infection. the efficacy of guaifenesin as a mucolytic is poorly documented and support for its use in this setting is primarily anecdotal. this double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed changes in nasal symp ... | 1992 | 1357516 |
| [mononuclear phagocytes and the human immunodeficiency virus]. | | 1992 | 1357844 |
| survival in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tuberculosis patients in new york city. implications for the expansion of the aids case definition. | the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons is believed to represent a less severe stage of hiv-related disease with a more favorable prognosis than other acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining conditions; therefore, it has been excluded from the aids definition established by the centers for disease control (atlanta, ga) criteria. | 1992 | 1358042 |
| a novel transglutaminase-catalyzed posttranslational modification of hiv-1 aspartyl protease. | we demonstrate that hiv-1 aspartyl protease (ap), the enzyme essential for the maturation of the aids virus, covalently incorporates spermidine catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase (tgase) and human coagulation factor xiiia. preliminary evidence indicates that there are at least three reactive glutamyl and lysyl residues in ap which act as acyl donor and acceptor respectively in a tgase reaction. sds-page and chromatographic analyses indicate that the two tgases tested catalyze the inc ... | 1992 | 1358064 |
| neuropsychological performance in asymptomatic hiv infection. | this study compared 74 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative and 131 hiv-positive asymptomatic homosexual or bisexual men on an extensive neuropsychological test battery. hiv-positive subjects' performance was significantly worse on verbal memory and psychomotor skills. the prevalence of mild but persistent neurobehavioral impairment in the hiv-positive group was approximately twice that in hiv-negative patients, consistently across several criteria for impairment. there was evidence that ... | 1992 | 1358300 |
| [kaposi's sarcoma in tainan: report of five cases]. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an uncommon cutaneous neoplasm with an increased incidence among jews and italians of europe and north america and negroes of equatory africa. in recent years, several cases have been diagnosed in aids patients and in patients who have undergone organ transplantation or received immunosuppressant treatments. we have diagnosed five cases of ks over a 3-year period in our department. they include four men and one women, aged from 58 to 79 years, and who were born and had l ... | 1992 | 1358363 |
| [programmed death (apoptosis) of t cd4 lymphocytes and aids pathogenesis]. | a major characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is progressive decline in t cd4+ lymphocytes. ten years after infection, on average, this cell subpopulation disappears and aids develops. in the asymptotic phase t cd4+ lymphocytes no longer respond, in vitro or in vivo, to certain memory antigens constrained by the class ii histocompatibility complex, or in vitro to polyclonal activators like pokeweed mitogen. they retain, however, some proliferative response activity and c ... | 1992 | 1358412 |
| voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus. acog committee opinion: committee on obstetrics: maternal and fetal medicine. number 97-september 1991. | | 1992 | 1358694 |
| secretory immunoglobulins in serum from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is associated with polyclonal b cell activation and increased levels of serum iga. in order to characterize the molecular species of serum iga, we have measured total iga, iga1, and iga2 in sera from 60 hiv-1-infected patients and 40 healthy controls. in addition, secretory iga (s-iga), secretory igm (s-igm), free immunoreactive secretory component (sc), and the distribution of monomeric and polymeric iga were determined. the data confirm the elevati ... | 1992 | 1358913 |
| association of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein (p24), cd4+ lymphocyte number, and aids-free time. | serum antibody to p24 (anti-p24) and p24 antigen, alone and in combination with cd4+ lymphocyte number, were evaluated as predictors of progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. two hundred six hiv-1-prevalent seropositive men in the multi-center aids cohort study since 1984-1985 were studied cross-sectionally and 84 seroconverters were evaluated longitudinally. cross-sectional analyses revealed significant associations among titer of anti-p24, cd4+ cell count, diseas ... | 1992 | 1358985 |
| incidence and natural history of cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology study group. | data were analyzed from a multicenter observational cohort study of 1002 persons with aids or aids-related complex (arc) and total cd4 cell count < 0.25 x 10(9)/l treated with zidovudine between april 1987 and april 1988. cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease developed in 109 patients (10.9%), with a 2-year actuarial risk of 15%. manifestations included retinitis (93 patients), esophagitis (10), colitis (8), gastritis (1), hepatitis (1), and encephalitis (1). the probability of cmv disease at 2 years fo ... | 1992 | 1358986 |
| the effect of thymidine on the antibacterial and antiviral activity of zidovudine. | the effect of thymidine and deoxyadenosine on the antiviral and antibacterial effect of zidovudine was studied in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. in quantitative assays, 10 micrograms ml-1 thymidine was shown to increase the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of zidovudine for hiv-1 by approximately 100-fold and to reduce zidovudine (1 microm)-induced protection of c8166 cells from 2.04 to 0.18 log syncytial-forming units. thymidine also ... | 1992 | 1359104 |
| immunodeficiency and the risk of death in hiv infection. | to describe the rate of development of immunodeficiency in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and to relate this to the risk of death. | 1992 | 1359163 |
| cross-contamination potential with dental equipment. | some types of reused dental equipment, especially handpieces and their attachments for drilling and cleaning teeth, might be responsible for cross-contamination if patient material were to lodge temporarily in difficult-to-disinfect internal mechanisms. this possibility is worrisome with respect to transmission of hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency viruses (hbv, hiv). previous cross-contamination studies have relied on laboratory experiments with bacteria or dye tracers. to assess possible r ... | 1992 | 1359320 |
| is clearance of hiv-1 viraemia at seroconversion mediated by neutralising antibodies? | the mechanism of clearance of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) viraemia is not fully understood. in two patients with acute hiv-1 infection, initial high titres of free infectious virus in plasma declined rapidly to undetectable levels within 4-8 weeks, an event that was coincident with seroconversion. neutralising antibodies directed against the first autologous isolates taken during the viraemic periods could not be detected in either patient around the time of disappearance of plasma vi ... | 1992 | 1359323 |
| clinical manifestations and predictors of disease progression in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to examine the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in injection-drug users, we conducted a prospective study of a cohort of patients in a methadone-treatment program in new york city from july 1985 through december 1990. the patients underwent standardized evaluations at base line and semiannually thereafter and received on-site primary medical care. rates of progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and major outcomes before the development of aids ... | 1992 | 1359411 |
| dual-target inhibition of hiv-1 in vitro by means of an adeno-associated virus antisense vector. | an adeno-associated virus vector encoding an antisense rna was used to transduce stable intracellular resistance to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) in human hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cell lines. the antisense targets are present in all hiv-1 transcripts and include the tar sequence, which is critical for transcription and virus replication, and the polyadenylation signal. cell lines expressing antisense rna showed up to 95 percent inhibition of gene expression directed by the hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1359646 |
| anti-nef antibodies and other predictors of disease progression in hiv-1 seropositive injecting drug users. | a cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal study has been conducted in three italian infectious disease centres to evaluate the role of anti-nef antibodies and other markers (hiv-1 p24 antigen, p24 ag; beta 2-microglobulin, b2-m; and number of cd4+ lymphocytes) as predictors of disease progression in hiv seropositive injecting drug users (idus). the selected patients were: 1) hiv-seropositive idus in different stages of hiv infection; 2) hiv-seropositive idus who had developed aids, from w ... | 1992 | 1359736 |
| survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women after an index delivery. | our objective was to provide information on survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive pregnant women undergoing prospective evaluation. | 1992 | 1359787 |
| the progression of untreated hiv-1 infection prior to aids. | using a case-control study of untreated men, we investigated the physical, mental, and economic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection prior to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). beginning 2 to 2.5 years prior to aids, case subjects reported more of 12 hiv-1 related symptoms and during the year prior to aids, at least 30.6 extra days of these symptoms than did control subjects. within the 6 months preceding aids, case subjects' unemployment rose to 9% ... | 1992 | 1359801 |
| toxic effects of zidovudine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with cd4+ cell counts of 0.50 x 10(9)/l or less. detailed and updated results from protocol 019 of the aids clinical trials group. | protocol 019 of the aids clinical trials group is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; formerly azt) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals. the initial results in the stratum of subjects entering with cd4+ cell counts of 0.50 x 10(9)/l or less have been reported, but without a detailed analysis of toxic effects. | 1992 | 1359846 |
| relative roles of signals upstream of aauaaa and promoter proximity in regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mrna 3' end formation. | at least two mechanisms have been implicated in regulating poly(a) site use in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1): inhibition of basal signals within 500 nucleotides (nt) of the cap site, leading to specific suppression of the 5' poly(a) site, and stimulation of basal signals by long terminal repeat u3 sequences, leading to specific activation of the 3' poly(a) site. we determined the relative contributions of these mechanisms in a hela cell transcription/processing reaction and by tran ... | 1992 | 1360144 |
| a controlled trial of aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the dutch aids treatment group. | primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is recommended for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection if their cd4 cell counts are below 200 per cubic millimeter (0.2 x 10(9) per liter). either aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is commonly prescribed for prophylaxis, but the relative efficacy and toxicity of these agents are unknown. | 1992 | 1360145 |
| inhibition of furin-mediated cleavage activation of hiv-1 glycoprotein gp160. | the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) initiates infection by mediating fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. fusion activity requires proteolytic cleavage of the gp160 protein into gp120 and gp41 at a site containing several arginine and lysine residues. activation at basic cleavage sites is observed with many membrane proteins of cellular and viral origin. we have recently found that the enzyme activating the haemagglutinin of fowl plague virus (fpv), an ... | 1992 | 1360148 |
| hiv-1 gp120 receptor on cd4-negative brain cells activates a tyrosine kinase. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection in the human brain leads to characteristic neuropathological changes, which may result indirectly from interactions of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 with neurons and/or glial cells. we therefore investigated the binding of recombinant gp120 (rgp120) to human neural cells and its effect on intracellular signalling. here we present evidence that rgp120, besides binding to galactocerebroside or galactosyl-sulfatide, specifically binds to a protein re ... | 1992 | 1360181 |
| sensory testing in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men. hiv neurobehavioral research center group. | patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frequently suffer peripheral neuropathy. we investigated its prevalence and relationship to clinical stage of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection using quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction testing. vibratory threshold was determined in the right great toe and index finger of 179 men seropositive for hiv (28 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [aids] or aids-related complex [arc], 151 asymptomatic) and 32 hiv-seronegative ... | 1992 | 1360202 |
| a randomized trial of reduced doses of azidothymidine in japanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | adverse reactions to the standard dose (1,200 mg/day-1,500 mg/day) of azidothymidine (azt) are serious. an in vitro pharmacokinetic study of intracellular azt-5'-triphosphate suggested the feasibility of a clinical trial with reduced doses of azt. a randomized trial with reduced doses of azt (group a; 400 mg/day, n = 15, group b; 800 mg/day, n = 13), was conducted enrolling 28 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the effective rate of azt on cd4+ lymphocyte counts was similar fo ... | 1992 | 1360277 |
| preventive medicine for hiv-infected patients: an analysis of isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculin reactors and for anergic patients. | to analyze the policies of isoniazid prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected tuberculin reactors and for hiv-infected anergic patients with unknown tuberculin status. | 1992 | 1360493 |
| enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-specific cd4+ and cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activities in hiv-infected asymptomatic patients given recombinant gp160 vaccine. | twenty-six human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected asymptomatic patients with cd4+ lymphocytes > 400 per mm3 were randomly allocated to a range of doses of recombinant gp160 or a control (recombinant hepatitis b vaccine) on a double-blind basis. each patient received an injection at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. treatment assignments were decoded when all patients reached 28 weeks of the study period. hiv-1-specific cd4+ and cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activities were assessed in vit ... | 1992 | 1360665 |
| tat-responsive region rna of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulates protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro: relationship between structure and function. | the tat-responsive region (tar) sequence is present at the 5' end of human immunodeficiency virus 1 mrnas and as a cytoplasmic form of 58-66 nucleotides. tar rna blocks the activation and autophosphorylation of the double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase in vitro. we show here that tar rna also prevents the double-stranded rna-mediated inhibition of translation in a cell-free system. mutagenic and structural analyses of tar rna indicate that a stem of at least 14 base pairs is required for ... | 1992 | 1360669 |
| induction of mucosal and systemic immunity to a recombinant simian immunodeficiency viral protein. | heterosexual transmission through the cervico-vaginal mucosa is the principal route of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in africa and is increasing in the united states and europe. vaginal immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) had not yet been studied in nonhuman primates. immune responses in macaques were investigated by stimulation of the genital and gut-associated lymphoid tissue with a recombinant, particulate siv antigen. vaginal, followed by oral, administration ... | 1992 | 1360702 |
| update on drug therapy for hiv and related infections in adults. | antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 500 per mm3 (500 x 10(6) per l). patients intolerant of zidovudine and those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection may benefit from newer antiretroviral agents, such as didanosine (ddl) or zalcitabine (ddc). prophylactic therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 200 per mm3 (200 x 10(6) per l), in patients with cd4 cell counts less than 20 ... | 1992 | 1360766 |
| cd4-independent binding of hiv-1 to the b lymphocyte receptor cr2 (cd21) in the presence of complement and antibody. | complement and antibody contribute to infection-enhancement and possible expanded cellular tropism of hiv-1 in vitro through a process requiring complement receptors. until now, however, the ability of hiv-1 to bind complement receptors has not been documented or characterized. we investigated whether antibody and complement permitted hiv-1 to bind to the b lymphocyte receptor, cr2 (cd21), in an effort to learn more about infection-enhancement, and also because cr2 can mediate b cell proliferati ... | 1992 | 1360879 |
| [serum adenosine deaminase in human immunodeficiency virus infection. its relationship with cd4+ lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin]. | the activity of the deaminase adenosine enzyme (ada) has principally been related with the functionalism and replication of the t lymphocytes. its serum behavior and possible clinical use in infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was studied. | 1992 | 1361013 |
| age-related standards for t lymphocyte subsets based on uninfected children born to human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected women. the european collaborative study. | the t lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 459 uninfected children born to white human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected women included in the european collaborative study were measured at regular intervals from birth. more than 2400 observations were used to create smooth age-related reference ranges for cd4 and cd8 counts and percentages, cd4:cd8 ratio and absolute lymphocyte count. standards are presented for children up to 4 years of age. cd4, cd8 and absolute lymphocyte count rose ... | 1992 | 1361051 |
| absence of an association between enteric parasites in the manifestations and pathogenesis of hiv enteropathy in gay men. the gi/hiv study group. | 49 gay men confirmed to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and 9 hiv seronegative gay men participated in a pilot study comparing clinical status and enteric parasite load with gastrointestinal structure, function and symptomatology. cases included 16/49 (33%) men who were cdc stage ii, 7/49 (14%) who were cdc stage iii, and 26/49 (53%) who were cdc stage iv. the mean cd4-lymphocyte count was 476 +/- 199 (sd)/microliter. the prevalence of enteric parasitic flora was similar ... | 1992 | 1361241 |
| inhibition of hsv-1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes by recombinant-derived gp120 of hiv-1. | the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) and recombinant hiv-1 gp120 to prevent target cell lysis by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was assessed by limiting dilution analysis. live and inactivated hiv-1 as well as recombinant-derived gp120 all substantially inhibited hsv-1-specific ctl. soluble cd4 antigen reversed the inhibition by gp120 when simultaneously added with gp120 to the assay. in addition, the monoclonal anti-cd4 antibody ... | 1992 | 1361737 |
| peritonitis and the patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | the prevalence of hiv positive patients (hiv pts) with esrd is likely to increase and many will be going on capd. there are, however, factors which cause one to be concerned about a possible increased risk of peritonitis in these patients. these include not only their impaired immune and nutritional status, but often their mental status. we examined the incidence and type of peritonitis among the 184 patients who have been in our program since december 1983 for a total of 4,017 patient months (p ... | 1992 | 1361799 |
| aids and hemophilia: experience in the la paz hemophilia center. | 435 hemophiliacs are usually being attended in the la paz hemophilia center (madrid, spain). 257 (59%) of these patients have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) because of human plasma derivate substitution therapy. the infection has been more frequent among the severely affected patients and among the most treated patients. 82% of the infected patients are between 14 and 40 years old. by december 1991, 95 (37%) of 257 seropositive patients have developed full-blown aids. ... | 1992 | 1362177 |
| enhanced proliferative cellular responses to hiv-1 v3 peptide and gp120 following immunization with v3:ty virus-like particles. | the induction of cd4+ t-helper (th) cell responses is likely to be an important requirement of vaccine candidates designed to prevent or moderate human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection. we have investigated the ability of hybrid ty virus-like particles carrying the v3 loop region of the hiv-1 iiib envelope gp120 (v3:ty-vlp) to elicit v3-specific proliferative responses. significant proliferation in response to stimulation in vitro with homologous iiib v3 peptide was observed following ... | 1992 | 1362183 |
| verrucous lesions secondary to dna viruses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in association with increased factor xiiia-positive dermal dendritic cells. the military medical consortium of applied retroviral research washington, d.c. | hyperkeratotic lesions caused by varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, or cytomegalovirus occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). we have also observed this type of lesion with molluscum contagiosum. | 1992 | 1362209 |
| [diagnostic reference. human immunodeficiency virus]. | | 1992 | 1362310 |
| [non-hodgkin's malignant lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus. apropos of 34 cases]. | the characteristics of 34 hiv-associated non hodgkin's lymphomas diagnosed and treated at bordeaux hospitals are described. the patients represented 7% of the aids cases observed in the bordeaux area. hiv-lymphomas were almost always high-grade malignancies, usually disseminated (70%) with extranodal disease at presentation (91%) primarily in the bone marrow, meninges, gastrointestinal tract and liver. twenty-eight patients were treated with different chemotherapy protocols or radiation therapy ... | 1992 | 1362338 |
| [esophageal candidiasis in hiv positive patients. lack of statistical correlation with cd4 lymphocytes]. | one hundred and twenty-nine upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed between november, 1986, and november, 1990, at the fort-de-france hospital (martinique), on 92 patients who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). blood samples were drawn at the same time as 75 endoscopic examinations and the number of cd4 lymphocytes/mm3 was determined. the incidence of esophageal candidiasis was 23.1% and lesions were observed in 17.2% of the endoscopies performed systematical ... | 1992 | 1362339 |
| effect of chronic substance abuse on the neuropsychological performance of intravenous drug users with a high prevalence of hiv-1 seropositivity. | limited data are available on cognitive performance in populations of intravenous drug users during the early, asymptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. between 1988 and 1990, 151 participants from the aids link to intravenous experience (alive) study in baltimore, maryland, were evaluated neuropsychologically on a semiannual basis. this analysis focused on whether history of substance abuse influenced neuropsychological test performance. at baseline, 102 part ... | 1992 | 1362630 |
| incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology study group. | to determine the incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we studied a multicenter cohort of 1,020 persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or the aids-related complex (arc) and cd4 cell count < 0.250 x 10(9)/l initially treated with zidovudine between april 1987 and april 1988. m. avium-complex infections developed in 123 (12%) patients during follow-up, with a 2-yr actuarial risk ... | 1992 | 1362634 |
| the pathogenesis of aids lymphomas: a foundation for addressing the challenges of therapy and prevention. | the association between aids and a spectrum of malignancies relates to chronic, profound defects in both cellular and humoral mechanisms of immune surveillance. ironically, as aids patients live longer in response to increasingly effective antiretroviral therapies, the incidence of aids-related malignancies will continue to rise. the emergence of non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhl) as a major sequela of hiv infection bears a striking relationship to depletion of cd4 lymphocytes, particularly below 50/ ... | 1992 | 1362682 |
| negative seroactivity to htlv-1 in sephardic jews and arabs with behçet's disease. | | 1992 | 1362780 |
| cd4 lymphocyte decline and survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection. the military medical consortium for applied retroviral research. | the loss of the cd4 lymphocyte is the central pathophysiologic event in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this retrospective study, based on review of data from deceased hiv patients followed in a single hiv clinic, was conducted to determine if the rate of cd4 lymphocyte decline was predictive of survival. forty of 172 patients met defined criteria for inclusion in this study. for each patient, cd4-cell counts showed approximate exponential decline over time. a co ... | 1992 | 1362886 |
| disposition of the human immunodeficiency virus tat inhibitor, ro 5-3335, in rats and dogs. | | 1992 | 1362952 |
| the mechanisms and risks of surgical glove perforation. | intact surgical gloves are a barrier to hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) but once perforated during surgery they cannot sustain adequate defence. this study examines the rate of glove perforations during surgery at a district general hospital. in total, 275 pairs of gloves were collected from 100 consecutive operations. in the 43% of gloves that had been damaged 200 perforations were recorded. the mean rate per operation in the surgeon's gloves was 1.18. injuries to the n ... | 1992 | 1363107 |
| efficient and reproducible new semimicromethod for the detection and titration of hiv in human plasma. | a semimicromethod was established for isolating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in plasma using 48-well plates and a pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from several donors as targets for infection, which increases the efficiency of isolation by reducing the effect of variability due to diverse donor cell susceptibility to hiv infection. the addition of h9 cells to the pbmc cultures did not affect measurable titers. nevertheless, it potentiated strongly virus replication in term ... | 1992 | 1363119 |
| pathological status and therapy of hiv-infected hemophiliacs in japan. | in japan, 1531 out of 4171 hemophiliacs (36.7%) are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected, and up to 31 december 1991, 324 (21.2%) of these patients had developed aids. the research committee estimated the peak of the seroconversion period of hemophiliacs in japan as january 1983, having presumed that new cases of seroconversion would not arise after heat treated concentrates came into general use in 1985. however, after a long 5 years window period starting in 1985, cases of seroconversio ... | 1992 | 1363705 |
| induction of mhc class i antigen expression following infection of a human esthesioneuroblastoma cell line with cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus. | productive infections with cytomegalovirus (cmv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were established in the tp41on cell line derived from a human esthesioneuroblastoma. hiv antigen expression was highest in cultures coinfected with cmv and hiv. viral infection caused increased mhc class i antigen expression while class ii and cd4 antigens remained undetectable using immunofluorescence methods. uninfected cultures showed 10% and coinfected cultures 80% class i antigen positive cells. in coinf ... | 1992 | 1363989 |
| expression of hiv-2 gag and env antigens in e. coli. | | 1992 | 1364028 |
| natural killer cell stimulatory factor (nksf) or interleukin-12 is a key regulator of immune response and inflammation. | natural killer cell stimulatory factor (nksf) or interleukin-12 (il-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine of 70 kda formed by a heavy chain of 40 kda (p40) and a light chain of 35 kda (p35). although it was originally identified and purified from the supernatant of epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell lines, it has been shown that among peripheral blood cells nksf/il-12 is predominantly produced by monocytes, with lower production by b cells and other accessory cells. the most powerful inducers of nk ... | 1992 | 1364096 |
| rapid in situ detection of pcr-amplified hiv-1 dna. | the low copy number of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) dna infected cells precludes routine detection by in situ hybridization. the inability to detect cells latently infected by hiv-1 makes difficult the study of factors that induce viral transcription, an essential factor in the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). a sensitive and rapid technique to detect hiv-1 dna could be used as a diagnostic test for aids and to differentiate latent versus active viral infe ... | 1992 | 1364173 |
| establishment of an mt4 cell line persistently producing infective hiv-1 particles. | human t cell lymphotropic virus-i (htlv-i) carrying human t cell line mt4 is highly sensitive to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1). after hiv-1 infection cell clusters characteristic of intact mt4 rapidly disintegrate, syncytia appear and the cells die. surviving mt4 cells were subcultured following hiv-1 infection of high multiplicity. we succeeded to establish an mt4 cell line continuously producing infective hiv (mt4/hiv-1). the original and the hiv-1 infected mt4 cells were morphologica ... | 1992 | 1364232 |
| [radiologic pulmonary manifestations in patients with hiv virus infection]. | altogether 155 patients with a newly detected positive reaction to hiv (a human immunodeficiency virus) were investigated in the republic of burundi. chest x-ray was done in 80 of them. pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2 of them, pneumonia (chronic, interstitial and bronchial)--in 15. enhancement and deformity of lung marking were detected in 45 patients (coincidence with clinical signs of acute bronchitis was found but in 5 of them). a conclusion has been made of interstitial pneumonias ... | 1991 | 1364794 |
| national surveillance of occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | | 1992 | 1364882 |
| [hepatitis c viral infection and the consumption of intravenous drugs]. | to know the antibodies seroprevalence against hepatitis c virus (hcv), as well as other factors associated to these antibodies presence in a group of intravenous drug users (ivdu) in baleares. to know what screening test would be the most adequate to detect antibodies against hcv in this group. | 1992 | 1366219 |
| [the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv-1/hiv-2) and of hepatitis b and c in non-drug-addicted prostitutes. extremadura]. | the proportion of cases of aids in extremadura, in which sexual transmission has existed, is comparatively lower than the national one. the possibilities of the infection introduction in the general population may increase the relative importance of this way of transmission in the future. penetration of hiv is unknown in prostitutes living and working in the autonomous community of extremadura, as a collective associated to virus sexual transmission and to other socio-cultural risk factors invol ... | 1992 | 1366224 |
| hiv-1 testing: product development strategies. | strategies for the development of diagnostic products for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are inextricably linked to the status of our knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the events associated with the pathogenesis of aids. this review traces product development strategies from 1984 to the present day. product development activities in the hiv-1 antibody screening test market were a response to the need to remove contaminated units from the blood supply. with the s ... | 1990 | 1366495 |
| gene construction and mutagenesis for site specific modification of protein with carbohydrate. | we reported the construction of the structural gene for trans-activator (tat) protein of human immunodeficiency virus. while maintaining the same amino acid sequence as the viral protein, the corresponding nucleotide sequence was modified to create additional recognition sites for restriction endonucleases and to prevent basepair mismatch during gene assembly. the oligonucleotides were synthesized chemically, purified and assembled into five gene blocks. the gene blocks were cloned into plasmid ... | 1990 | 1366506 |
| cd4-targeted immune intervention: a strategy for the therapy of aids and autoimmune disease. | the cell-surface antigen cd4 plays a pivotal role in the class ii mhc-restricted response of specific t lymphocytes, and serves as the major receptor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the recent elucidation of cd4 function in physiological and pathological conditions has improved prospects for cd4-targeted immune therapy by facilitating the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking cd4 function, delivering immunosuppressive signals via this receptor molecule, or selectively depleti ... | 1991 | 1367392 |
| effect of cacao husk extract on human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a sodium hydroxide extract from cacao husk inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) against htlv-1-transformed t-cell lines mt-2 and mt-4. it also inhibited syncytium formation between hiv-infected and uninfected lymphoblastoid t-cell line, molt-4. the anti-hiv activity was concentrated by membrane filter fractionation to a fraction with molecular weight of 100-300 kda. anti-hiv activity of the extract was attributable to interference with the virus adsorpti ... | 1991 | 1367748 |
| perspectives on the development of anti-hiv vaccines. | progress towards the development of a vaccine against acquired immune deficiency syndrome is proceeding along several fronts. first and foremost, it rests on the basic research being done with the virus, particularly its mechanisms of replication, pathogenesis and evolution. more directly, progress comes from studies of animal models with the simian and human immunodeficiency viruses where vaccine candidates have proven effective in blocking infection. principally because the animal models canno ... | 1991 | 1367965 |
| high-level expression and purification of mature hiv-1 protease in escherichia coli under control of the arabad promoter. | a 1.3-kb segment of escherichia coli dna containing the regulatory gene, arac, and the promoter of the arabad operon was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and cloned into puc18, resulting in plasmid pkb130 that produced the alpha fragment of beta-galactosidase upon addition of l-arabinose (l-ara). a synthetic gene for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 preprotease was placed downstream of the ara-bad promoter in pkb130 to create a translational fusion inducible by addition of l- ... | 1992 | 1368241 |
| structural characterization of the immunoactive and antiviral water-solubilized lignin in an extract of the culture medium of lentinus edodes mycelia (lem). | the active principle of ep3, a fraction from an extract of the culture medium of lentinus edodes mycelia (lem), which activates murine macrophages, causes proliferation of bone marrow cells, and inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro, was characterized as a water-solubilized lignin. the detailed structural feature of this water-solubilized lignin was investigated and shown to be a highly condensed and polycarboxylated lignin which is denatured and solubilized by lentinu ... | 1990 | 1368512 |
| tests to combat lentiviruses in domestic animals. biotechnology research group. | since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the cause of aids the study of other members of the virus group lentivirinal has intensified. a major outcome of this research have been the development of "state of the art" diagnostic tests. while it has long been realised that these viruses were important causes of slowly developing diseases in sheep and horses other lentiviruses have recently been implicated in similar disease situations in goats, cats and cattle. membership of the ... | 1992 | 1369414 |
| viral proteases as targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. | many viruses encode proteinases that are essential for infectivity, and are consequently attractive chemotherapeutic targets. the biochemistry and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus proteinase have been characterized extensively, and potent peptide-mimetic inhibitors have been developed. techniques and strategies used to improve the efficiency of these compounds are likely to be applicable to other viral proteinases. | 1992 | 1369416 |
| biologic activities of hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein: the effects of crosslinking. | we have examined the biologic activities of native and recombinant preparations of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120), both derived from the hiv-1b strain. antibody to gp120 was used to evaluate the effects of crosslinking gp120 on signalling by the cd4 receptor. our results indicate that native and recombinant gp120 produce identical effects in our assay systems. crosslinking gp120 amplified its chemoattractant activity for lymphocytes and monocytes and increased the pea ... | 1990 | 1369693 |
| the use of combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to identify hiv-infected cells in brain tissue. | it is frequently important to identify the types of cells that are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) in sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) brain tissue. currently, both immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization methods are used for this purpose. combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry results in simultaneous detection of hiv-1 nucleic acids and proteins and allow comparison of transcriptional and translational events of cells infected wi ... | 1992 | 1369802 |
| incomplete removal of the rna primer for minus-strand dna synthesis by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | a synthetic rna oligonucleotide (15-mer) corresponding to the 3' end of the lysine trna primer was hybridized to single-stranded dna containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) primer-binding site and extended with a dna polymerase. the resulting structures were used to study primer removal by the rnase h activity of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. the initial cleavage event removes the rna primer as a 14-mer and leaves a single ribonucleotide a residue bound to the 5' end of the dna ... | 1992 | 1370087 |
| a cd4+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte clone to a conserved epitope on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24: cytotoxic activity and secretion of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6. | a cd4+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) clone, established from the peripheral blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive donor, lysed autologous target cells that were infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gag gene of hiv type 1 and target cells pulsed with p24gag construct expressed in escherichia coli. the recognition of the hla-dq-restricted epitope by this clone was further defined by using overlapping synthetic peptides. the epitope recognized by this cd4+ c ... | 1992 | 1370094 |
| improved light-microscopical detection of microsporidia spores in stool and duodenal aspirates. the enteric opportunistic infections working group. | the diagnosis of infection with enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian organism that causes chronic diarrhea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), has depended on invasive procedures. we have developed a new method to detect microsporidia spores in feces and duodenal aspirates. | 1992 | 1370122 |
| mechanism of hiv spread from lymphocytes to epithelia. | contact of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected molt-4 lymphocytes with epithelial cells derived from small intestine (i407; intestine 407) resulted in a rapid polar budding of viral particles into an enclosed space formed by interdigitating microvilli of the contacting cells. electron microscopy showed that released hiv was taken up into the mucosal cell via three independent mechanisms: (1) phagocytosis, (2) coated pits, and (3) direct fusion. morphological evidence suggests that intern ... | 1992 | 1370128 |
| hiv-1 gene rev responsible for accumulated heterodisperse rnas seen in infected t-cells. | to analyze which gene of hiv-1 was responsible for the high accumulation of "heterodisperse rnas" in virally infected t-cells, northern blot analysis was performed. total rna from inducible cell lines expressing the envelope protein of hiv-1, or the regulatory gene rev, were blotted and hybridized with an alu probe that detects heterodisperse rnas. results show that the rev gene is responsible for the accumulation of cellular heterodisperse rnas seen earlier in hiv-1-infected t-cells. | 1992 | 1370129 |
| ordered appearance of zidovudine resistance mutations during treatment of 18 human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects. | the order of appearance in the reverse transcriptase gene of four mutations implicated in the development of resistance to zidovudine was investigated by selective polymerase chain reaction. serial human immunodeficiency virus isolates were studied from 18 initially asymptomatic individuals who had been treated with zidovudine for 2 years. most subjects had similar patterns. the first mutation occurred transiently at codon 70; its disappearance was paralleled by the appearance of a mutation at c ... | 1992 | 1370174 |
| increased susceptibility of differentiated mononuclear phagocytes to productive infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1). | differences in susceptibility to infection of most mononuclear phagocytes with hiv-1 are not known. we investigated the relative susceptibility of autologous freshly isolated blood monocytes (mn), mn cultured in vitro to allow differentiation (cm), and alveolar macrophages (am) from healthy subjects to productive infection with hiv-1. cells were infected with the macrophage tropic strain hiv-1jr-fl and p24 gag antigen levels measured in supernatants by elisa. freshly isolated mn had negligible l ... | 1992 | 1370293 |
| carboxyl-terminal and central regions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 nef recognized by cytotoxic t lymphocytes from lymphoid organs. an in vitro limiting dilution analysis. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proteins have been analyzed in lymphoid organs from seropositive patients. indeed, an active hiv replication coexists with a major cd8+ lymphocytic infiltration in these organs. we have shown in a previous report that hiv-seropositive patients lungs were infiltrated by hiv specific cd8+ lymphocytes. in the present report, we show that hiv-specific ctl responses can also be detected in lymph nodes and spleens, and were ... | 1992 | 1370302 |
| the binding of a novel bisheteroarylpiperazine mediates inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | the bisheteroarylpiperazines (bhaps) are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) and specifically block hiv-1 replication (romero, d. l., busso, m., tan, c.-k., reusser, f., palmer, j. r., poppe, s. m., aristoff, p. a., downey, k. m., so, a. g., resnick, l., and tarpley, w. g. (1991) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 88, 8806-8810). here we show that the radiolabeled bhap [3h]u-88204 binds specifically to hiv-1 rt with high affinity (kd of 50 nm) a ... | 1992 | 1370445 |
| the effects of cysteine mutations on the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | chemical modification of hiv-1 and hiv-2 (human immunodeficiency virus, types 1 and 2) reverse transcriptases (rt) with three thiol reactive compounds selectively inhibits the rnase h function of the enzyme. hiv-1 rt has 2 cysteines (at positions 38 and 280); hiv-2 rt has 3 (38, 280, 445). both of the cysteines in hiv-1 rt are in the polymerase domain. to investigate the role of the cysteines in the structure and function of the hiv rts, we have converted each cysteine to serine and made combina ... | 1992 | 1370463 |
| geographic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: serologic reactivity to env epitopes and relationship to neutralization. | the antibody recognition of the major neutralization epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in 829 hiv-1-seropositive subjects from north america (106), europe (241), africa (342), and asia (100) was investigated. peptides derived from diverse published v3 loop sequences were used as antigen, and serum reactivity was detected by sensitive elisas. antibody binding to peptides derived from the v3 loop sequence of hiv-1 isolates varies considerably depending on the geographic origi ... | 1992 | 1370525 |
| cassette mutagenesis of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | we constructed a series of bspmi cassettes that simplify the introduction of specific point mutations in the polymerase domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. a series of point mutants were constructed by using these cassette vectors. the rna-dependent dna polymerase and rnase h activities of 20 point mutations in the conserved portion of the polymerase domain were assayed. all the mutations analyzed are conservative substitutions of evolutionarily conserved amino a ... | 1992 | 1370546 |
| rnase h activity associated with reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus. | reverse transcription of retroviral genomes requires the action of an rnase h for template switching and primer generation. in this report, we compare enzymatic properties of the rnase h associated with the reverse transcriptase (rt) from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and that from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). both enzymes displayed substrate preference for poly[3h](rg) . poly(dc) hybird over poly[3h](ra) . poly(dt) and cation preference for mg2+ over mn2+. activity of the fiv rnase ... | 1992 | 1370549 |
| detailed mapping of the antigenicity of the surface unit glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus by using synthetic peptide strategies. | we describe here a detailed analysis of the antigenic determinants of the surface unit glycoprotein (gp90) of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), using a comprehensive panel of synthetic peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with immune serum from naturally and experimentally infected horses and with a panel of gp90-specific neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies. the results of these studies identify immunoreactive segments throughout the conserved and variable domai ... | 1992 | 1370556 |
| three epitopic peptides of the simian immunodeficiency virus nef protein recognized by macaque cytolytic t lymphocytes. | in 8 of 12 experimentally infected macaques, the nef sivmac 251 protein was recognized by cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) and appeared strongly immunogenic. here, we report experiments which have been performed by using synthetic peptides to precisely determine the epitopes recognized by macaque ctl. three epitopes of the nef protein have been defined as ctl targets in three macaques. the epitopic peptides are located in the central region of the protein, and all of them show high homology with pe ... | 1992 | 1370557 |
| identification and characterization of a neutralization site within the second variable region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. | two monoclonal antibodies designated bat085 and g3-136 were raised by immunizing balb/c mice with gp120 purified from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) iiib-infected h9 cell extracts. among three hiv-1 laboratory isolates (iiib, mn, and rf), bat085 neutralized only iiib infection of cem-ss cells, whereas g3-136 neutralized both iiib and rf. these antibodies also neutralized a few primary hiv-1 isolates in the infection of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. in indirect ... | 1992 | 1370558 |
| identification of human neutralization-inducing regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins. | four major neutralizing regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein were identified and characterized with a panel of 80 hiv-1 antibody-positive human sera. levels of neutralizing antibodies against the hiv-1 strains iiib, sf2, and rf were compared with reactivity in elisas against peptides that correspond to certain regions of the hiv-1 envelope. a correlation between high neutralizing activity and strong seroreactivity against specific peptides suggested th ... | 1992 | 1370580 |
| identification of the primer binding domain in human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. | we have labeled the primer binding domain of hiv1-rt with 5'-32p-labeled (dt)15 primer using ultraviolet light energy. the specificity of the primer cross-linking to hiv1-rt was demonstrated by competition experiments. both synthetic and natural primers, e.g., p(da)15, p(dc)15, and trna(lys), inhibit p(dt)15 binding and cross-linking to the enzyme. the observed binding and cross-linking of the primer to the enzyme were further shown to be functionally significant by the observation that trna(lys ... | 1992 | 1370632 |