| trimerization of murine tnf ligand family member light increases the cytotoxic activity against the fm3a mammary carcinoma cell line. | light is a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily, which plays important roles in inflammatory and immune responses. light forms a membrane-anchored homotrimeric complex on the cell surface and is often processed as a soluble protein. recombinant soluble human light produced by mammalian cells or escherichia coli is functional at nanomolar concentrations. however, there is little information about the biological activity of mouse light (mlight) because of the difficulty in produc ... | 2011 | 21400099 |
| microbial removal from the separated liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands. | the aim was to investigate microbial removal from the liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands (icw's) over a 13 month period. four treatments were investigated: t1 (standard), t2 (effluent recycling), t3 (high nutrient loading), and t4 (high flow rate). mean counts of yeasts and moulds and spore-forming bacteria were higher in t3 and t4 than in t1 and t2 (p<0.05). flow through the cells reduced mean counts of coliform, yeasts and moulds ... | 2011 | 21852121 |
| Diffusion of bacteriophages through artificial biofilm models. | The simple two-chamber diffusion method was improved to study the diffusion properties of bacteriophage (phage) T4 through a model biofilm agarose gel membrane (AGM) embedded with dead host Escherichia coli K12 cells. The apparent diffusion coefficient (D(app) ) of phage T4 was calculated to be 2.4 × 10(-12) m(2) /s in 0.5% AGM, which was lower than the coefficient of 4.2 × 10(-12) m(2) /s in 0.5% AGM without host cells. The phage adsorption process by dead host cells slowed the apparent phage ... | 2011 | 22058083 |
| Determinants of the cytotoxicity of PrrC anticodon nuclease and its amelioration by tRNA repair. | Breakage of tRNA(Lys(UUU)) by the Escherichia coli anticodon nuclease PrrC (EcoPrrC) underlies a host antiviral response to phage T4 infection that is ultimately thwarted by a virus-encoded RNA repair system. PrrC homologs are prevalent in other bacteria, but their activities and substrates are not defined. We find that induced expression of EcoPrrC is toxic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli, whereas the Neisseria meningitidis PrrC (NmePrrC) is not. PrrCs consist of an N-terminal NTPase mo ... | 2012 | 22101242 |
| liposomes containing glucosyl ceramide specifically bind t4 bacteriophage: a self-assembling nanocarrier formulation. | a unique formulation is described comprising liposomes containing glucosyl ceramide (glucer) in the lipid bilayer to which bacteriophage t4 was attached. binding of the phage t4 did not occur to glycolipids, such as galactosyl ceramide, containing an aldose in which the c-2 or c-4 conformations were not identical to glucose. these results strongly support previous proposals that glucose is a major receptor moiety for t4 binding to escherichia coli. by using the binding of t4 to liposomal glucer, ... | 2011 | 21401373 |
| efficacy of a broad host range lytic bacteriophage against e. coli adhered to urothelium. | persistent urinary tract infections (uti) are often caused by e. coli adhered to urothelium. this type of cells is generally recognized as very tolerant to antibiotics which renders difficult the treatment of chronic uti. this study investigates the use of lytic bacteriophages as alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly the interaction of phages with e. coli adhered to urothelium and specifically determines their efficiency against this type of cells. the bacterial adhesion to urothelium w ... | 2010 | 21140149 |
| iscr regulates rnase ls activity by repressing rnla transcription. | the escherichia coli endoribonuclease ls was originally identified as a potential antagonist of bacteriophage t4. when the t4 dmd gene is defective, rnase ls cleaves t4 mrnas and antagonizes t4 reproduction. this rnase also plays an important role in rna metabolisms in e. coli. rnla is an essential gene for rnase ls activity, but the transcriptional regulation of this gene remains to be elucidated. an fe-s cluster protein, iscr, acts as a transcription factor and controls the expression of genes ... | 2010 | 20421606 |
| comparison of the molecular influences of no-induced lesions in dna strands on the reactivity of polynucleotide kinases, dna ligases and dna polymerases. | nitric oxide (no) causes dna damage, generating xanthine (xan, x) and oxanine (oxa, o) from guanine (gua, g) and hypoxanthine (hyp, h) from adenine (ade, a) by nitrosative oxidation. although these no-induced lesions have been thought to cause mutagenic problems in cellular systems, the influence of these lesions on enzymatic functions has not yet been compared systematically. in this study, we investigated the effect of no-induced lesions on the activities of dna-binding/recognizing enzymes suc ... | 2010 | 20097903 |
| using the rate of respiration to monitor events in the infection of escherichia coli cultures by bacteriophage t4. | the growing interest in applications of bacteriophages creates a need for improvements in the production processes. continuous monitoring of the phage production is an essential aspect of any control strategy and, at present, there is no completely satisfactory option. the approach presented here uses ir-spectrometry to continuously measure the rate of respiration (co(2) released) of escherichia coli infected by phage t4 at various multiplicities of infection (moi). within the trends in these da ... | 2010 | 20039436 |
| chemical studies on host-virus interactions : i. the effect of bacteriophage adsorption on the multiplication of its host, escherichia coli b with an appendix giving some data on the composition of the bacteriophage, t2. | the addition of active or irradiated t2 bacteriophage and t4 bacteriophage to e. coli b stops bacterial multiplication. the respiratory rate and respiratory quotient of the inhibited bacteria remained at the values observed just before infection. a respiratory rate decrease which occasionally appears can be roughly correlated with change of turbidity of the suspension. an intracellular inhibitor of multiplication appears to be liberated into lysates. a similar substance has been separated from n ... | 1946 | 19871584 |