| virulent african swine fever virus isolates are neutralized by swine immune serum and by monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 72-kda viral protein. | convalescent swine serum to african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate e75 neutralized the infectivity of virulent asfv isolates e75, e70, lisbon 60, malawi lil 20/1 and a low passage tissue culture adapted variant of e75, e75cv/v3, by 86-97% in vero and macrophage cell cultures. a monoclonal antibody, mab-135d4, recognizing an asfv protein of 72 kda also exhibited strong neutralizing activity with these viruses. unexpectedly, both e75 immune sera and mab-135d4 failed to neutralize high passage ti ... | 1993 | 7690502 |
| epitope mapping of envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus strain brescia. | four antigenic domains (a, b, c and d) on envelope glycoprotein e1 (gp51-54) of hog cholera virus strain brescia have been specified by using 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize non-conserved and conserved epitopes. it was shown that the non-conserved epitopes map to the n-terminal half of e1 by analysis of chimeric e1 proteins of strains brescia and c. conserved epitopes, however, could not be mapped using this approach. here we describe mapping of both conserved and non-conserved ep ... | 1993 | 7691986 |
| [lice and methods of control]. | the morphology and biology of sucking lice (anoplura) and biting lice (mallophaga) are described. a table shows the main species for given hosts and provides simplified keys for identification. lice have a direct pathogenic effect (damage to skin and cutaneous appendages, fall in productivity) and an indirect effect (transmission of rickettsia prowazeki, r. quintana and borrelia recurrentis in human beings; african and classical swine fever virus, equine infectious anaemia virus and dipylidium c ... | 1994 | 7711304 |
| [glycoproteins from the african swine fever virus]. | the composition of african swine fever virus (asfv) glycoproteins was studied. isolate-specific major gp 110-140 was identified by radioimmunoprecipitation in lysate of porcine bone marrow cells infected with hemadsorbing virus strains. carbohydrates constitute about 50% of the total mass of gp 110-140. a quantitative method is proposed for identification of the serologic relationships between asfv hemadsorbing strains. a possible role of asfv glycoprotein carbohydrates in the hemadsorption, vir ... | 1994 | 7716925 |
| african swine fever virus gene j13l encodes a 25-27 kda virion protein with variable numbers of amino acid repeats. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) j13l gene encodes a 177 amino acid protein (19.0 kda) with a putative transmembrane domain between residues 32 and 52. there is a potential signal peptide cleavage site at residue 54 and several possible motifs for phosphorylation and myristylation. rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic peptide from the c terminus of the j13l orf identified proteins of 25-27 kda in cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the j13l orf, in asfv-infected ... | 1995 | 7730797 |
| ultrastructural study of the renal tubular system in acute experimental african swine fever: virus replication in glomerular mesangial cells and in the collecting ducts. | despite the considerable attention given to kidney lesions in african swine fever (asf), a number of questions remain to be answered. structural and ultrastructural examination showed that a highly virulent isolate of asf virus (malawi 83) replicated in glomerular mesangial cells and renal collecting duct epithelial cells, with hyperplasia of the latter in infected pigs. replication in mesangial cells may be due to their contact with the bloodstream, as well as to their phagocytic capacity and h ... | 1995 | 7733828 |
| a proposed division of the pestivirus genus using monoclonal antibodies, supported by cross-neutralisation assays and genetic sequencing. | sixty-six pestiviruses from ruminant and porcine hosts were analysed with a panel of 76 monoclonal antibodies raised against 9 different viruses. reactivity was used to construct epitope similarity maps for all of the viruses. four principal virus subgroups were demonstrated. one subgroup equated to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and included most porcine pestiviruses but none from ruminants. a second subgroup contained mainly viruses of bovine origin, including reference bovine viral diarrh ... | 1995 | 7735309 |
| the role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of the haemorrhagic syndrome produced by virulent isolates of african swine fever virus. | the activity of several proteins involved in fibrinolysis and the morphological changes in the blood vessel walls of pigs infected with highly virulent (malawi'83) and moderately virulent (dominican republic '78-dr'78) asf virus isolates were determined. pigs infected with the malawi'83 virus developed an increased fibrinolytic activity due to high plasma levels of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-pa) of 71.3 +/- 22.8 iu/ml (mean +/- sd), which correlated well with an increased activation of inte ... | 1995 | 7740481 |
| cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever virus caused by defective interfering particles. | for three independent cytopathogenic isolates of classical swine fever virus, defective rnas were found in infected cells in addition to full-length viral genomes. these rnas represent the genomes of typical defective interfering (di) particles because of strict dependence on a complementing helper virus and interference with the replication of the helper virus. analysis of the di genomes revealed internal deletions of 4,764 nucleotides encompassing the complete structural protein-coding region ... | 1995 | 7745717 |
| further characterization of border disease virus isolates: evidence for the presence of more than three species within the genus pestivirus. | the molecular analysis of three ovine pestivirus strains revealed the existence of two distinct groups of sheep-derived pestiviruses, namely "true" border disease virus strains (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains. as an extension of these studies rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing of the autoprotease (npro) and nucleocapsid protein (c) encoding regions of additional serologically defined ovine pestivirus strains were performed. a comparison of npro and c revealed that three o ... | 1995 | 7747470 |
| promoter analysis of an african swine fever virus gene encoding a putative elongation factor. | | 1995 | 7758704 |
| highly specific confirmatory western blot test for african swine fever virus antibody detection using the recombinant virus protein p54. | a western blot technique using a recombinant protein has been developed to confirm positive results obtained in african swine fever (asf)-specific antibody detection by elisa. the new confirmatory western blot is based on the use of protein p54, one of the most antigenic asf virus structural proteins, expressed in escherichia coli fused to the n-terminus of ms2 polymerase. the recombinant western blot assay was highly specific and equally sensitive for asf virus-infected pigs detection as the co ... | 1995 | 7769024 |
| assessment of safety and protective value of a cell culture modified strain "c" vaccine of hog cholera/classical swine fever virus. | the protective value of a commercial strain "c" vaccine of classical swine fever (csf) was tested in weaner pigs. vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally with the virulent hog cholera virus (hcv) strain alfort/187 in groups of four pigs each at one to four weeks post vaccination, respectively. non-vaccinated control animals were challenged in the same manner. some vaccinated pigs seroconverted as early as one week post vaccination with all pigs yielding neutralizing antibodies (nab) agai ... | 1995 | 7779071 |
| a comparison of three avidin-biotin complex immunoenzyme systems for detection of african swine fever virus antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues. | the sensitivity and specificity of 3 avidin-biotin complex (abc) immunostaining systems were compared on paraffin-embedded tissues from african swine fever virus (asfv)-infected pigs. results were also compared with immunofluorescent detection on cryosections of the same tissue for optimal detection of asfv antigen. the abc-alkaline phosphatase (abc-ap) and abc-peroxidase (abc-po) systems were at least as sensitive as direct fluorescent antibody (fa) and 10-fold more sensitive than the abc-gluco ... | 1995 | 7779959 |
| african swine fever interference with foot-and-mouth disease infection and seroconversion in pigs. | initial oral infection of pigs with either highly virulent (l-60) or moderately virulent (dr-2) african swine fever virus (asfv), followed in 3 days with exposure to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (tongue inoculation and contact), failed to cause fmdv infection or seroconversion in 18 of 22 l-60-infected pigs and 13 of 34 dr-2-infected pigs. of the 13 dr-2-infected pigs remaining free of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), 2 pigs survived to 24 days without antibody to fmdv, despite constant cont ... | 1995 | 7779962 |
| african swine fever virus infection of skin-derived dendritic cells in vitro causes interference with subsequent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | highly purified skin-derived dendritic cells (sddcs) isolated from swine skin by a simple novel method were cultured for 24 hours before independent or sequential inoculation with african swine fever virus (asfv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, asfv antigen was detected in 50% of sddcs as early as 1.5 hours postinfection (hpi) and in 80% by 3 hpi when cytopathic effect was noted. cell lysis was detected with fmdv infection as early as 8 hpi ... | 1995 | 7779963 |
| [isolation of the agent of european swine plague from imported frozen wild boar meat]. | since july 1993 imported frozen meat of wild boars has to be screened for the presence of hcv. the number of taken samples is given by the ministry of health, sport and consumer protection. until august 1994 the total number of 688 samples from different countries, have been examined. three of them were found positive for hcv. the first one (november 1993) was from china, the other two positive samples were sent in one delivery from romania in may 1994. | 1995 | 7781542 |
| role of viral proteins and concanavalin a in in vitro replication of pseudorabies virus in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we examined the capability of pseudorabies virus (prv) to replicate in vitro in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and characterized the phenotype of infected cells. in addition, we investigated whether inactivation of various prv proteins or the expression of a foreign gene affected this replication. finally, we studied the replication of prv strains in concanavalin a (con a)-stimulated lymphocytes. the replication of prv mutants with inactivated glycoproteins ge or gg, thymidine ... | 1995 | 7782771 |
| genetic recombination of pseudorabies virus: evidence that homologous recombination between insert sequences is less frequent than between autologous sequences. | we studied in vivo recombination between a thymidine kinase (tk) negative, glycoprotein e (ge) negative, attenuated strain and a virulent strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) in pigs. to simplify the detection of recombination we inserted different but overlapping (375 bp) parts of the e1 gene of classical swine fever virus into the gg locus of both virus strains. recombination between the e1 sequences of these viruses results in reconstitution of the complete e1 coding sequence and expression of ... | 1995 | 7794111 |
| congenital infection of pigs with ruminant-type pestiviruses. | congenital infections of pigs were induced with two ruminant-type pestiviruses isolated from pigs. one of the viruses was bovine viral diarrhoea virus-like and the other border disease virus-like. both produced symptoms similar to those observed with low virulence strains of classical swine fever virus. a striking effect of persistent virus infection in post-natal life was stunting in viraemic animals. it was also shown that a congenitally infected pig shed virus for 2.5 years and in sufficient ... | 1994 | 7806701 |
| reverse transcriptase-pcr assay for detection of hog cholera virus. | a reverse transcriptase-pcr strategy was developed for the detection of hog cholera virus. hog cholera virus template was amplified from tissue culture fluids and from tissues and blood of infected pigs, but not from samples containing other pestiviruses. restriction endonuclease analysis identified samples as historic or recent isolates. | 1994 | 7814509 |
| comparison of pestivirus multiplication in cells of different species. | twenty-four pestiviruses, comprising 11 from pigs, eight from cattle and five from sheep, were tested for their ability to replicate in cells of porcine, bovine and ovine origin. seven of the viruses were successfully passaged in all three cell types. four porcine isolates (hog cholera virus) replicated to significant titres only in porcine cells. one bovine virus grew well in bovine cells but only poorly in ovine cells and not at all in porcine cells. the remaining 12 viruses could replicate in ... | 1994 | 7817008 |
| characterization of a ubiquitinated protein which is externally located in african swine fever virions. | an antiserum was raised against the african swine fever virus (asfv)-encoded ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubcv1) and used to demonstrate by western blotting (immunoblotting) and immunofluorescence that the enzyme is present in purified extracellular virions, is expressed both early and late after infection of cells with asfv, and is cytoplasmically located. antiubiquitin serum was used to identify novel ubiquitin conjugates present during asfv infections. this antiserum stained virus factories ... | 1995 | 7853518 |
| porcine immune responses to african swine fever virus (asfv) infection. | immune responses mediating protection against asfv are poorly understood. anti-asfv antibodies may influence the course of the clinical disease but they have never been found to neutralize the virus. recent developments on cellular defense mechanisms, using swine protection models, and on the induction and role of some cytokines warrant further investigation on these areas. | 1994 | 7856069 |
| mapping and sequence of the gene encoding protein p17, a major african swine fever virus structural protein. | the gene encoding protein p17, a major structural protein of african swine fever virus, has been mapped and sequenced. protein p17 was purified from dissociated virus by reverse-phase hplc and the amino acid sequence of a peptide obtained after digestion of protein p17 with cyanogen bromide was determined by automated edman degradation. to map the gene encoding protein p17, a mixture of 17-mer oligonucleotides based upon a part of the amino acid sequence was hybridized to cloned african swine fe ... | 1995 | 7856088 |
| high level expression of the envelope glycoprotein (gp53) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (singer) and its potential use as diagnostic reagent. | a 1.74-kb cdna fragment containing the gp53 coding region has been cloned from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain singer by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence analysis indicated that gp53 of bvdv strains singer, nadl and sd-1 shared extensive sequence homology at both the rna (85-94%) and protein (82-91%) levels. nineteen cysteine residues and five potential n-linked glycosylation sites were identified within the sequenced region, all of which were conserv ... | 1994 | 7856309 |
| comparative analysis of the 5' non-coding region of pestivirus rna detected from live virus vaccines. | comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences in the 5' non-coding region (ncr) of pestivirus rna detected from live porcine and human virus vaccines indicated that the contaminants are of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and that there are at least three genotypes, which are distinct from hog cholera virus, among the bvdv strains. most of the nucleotide changes in variable regions of the 5' ncr were covariant, with complementary substitutions at other positions for secondary structures. the p ... | 1994 | 7865600 |
| replication of transfected plasmid dna by cells infected with african swine fever virus. | recombinant plasmids containing african swine fever virus (asfv) dna fragments covering all the virus genome were transfected into infected cells in order to detect viral origins of dna replication. plasmid replication was monitored by sensitivity to mboi, which cleaves only replicated, unmethylated dna, and resistance to dpni, which cleaves only the same methylated sequence. all the recombinants replicated to a similar extent, indicating that asfv does not use a preferred origin for dna replica ... | 1995 | 7886943 |
| unusual folding regions and ribosome landing pad within hepatitis c virus and pestivirus rnas. | a statistically significant folding region is identified in the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus and hog cholera virus. this unusual folding region (ufr) detected in hcv encompasses 199 nucleotides (nt) and coincides with the reported internal ribosome entry site or ribosome landing pad (rlp), as determined by the 5' and 3' deletions [tsukiyama-kohara et al., j. virol. 66 (1992) 1476-1483]. the rna structure predicted in the ufr of hcv consi ... | 1995 | 7890155 |
| an african swine fever virus gene with similarity to the t-lymphocyte surface antigen cd2 mediates hemadsorption. | an open reading frame, lmw8-dr, in the african swine fever virus (asfv) genome possesses striking similarity to the lymphocyte membrane antigen cd2. all characterized cd2 domains, including the amino-terminal signal sequence, igv, hinge, igc2, stalk, transmembrane, and proline-rich carboxy cytoplasmic domains, are highly conserved in the asfv gene. critical residues for the binding of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa-3) and cd59 and for t-cell activation are also partially conserv ... | 1994 | 7907198 |
| characterization and molecular basis of heterogeneity of the african swine fever virus envelope protein p54. | it has been reported that the propagation of african swine fever virus (asfv) in cell culture generates viral subpopulations differing in protein p54 (c. alcaraz, a. brun, f. ruiz-gonzalvo, and j. m. escribano, virus res. 23:173-182, 1992). a recombinant bacteriophage expressing a 328-bp fragment of the p54 gene was selected in a lambda phage expression library of asfv genomic fragments by immunoscreening with antibodies against p54 protein. the sequence of this recombinant phage allowed the loc ... | 1994 | 7933107 |
| detection of african swine fever virus protein vp73 in tissues of experimentally and naturally infected pigs. | | 1994 | 7948208 |
| [postmortem findings in swine: non-selected submissions from hog cholera protection areas of 1992 versus selected submissions of 1991-1992]. | this article presents a survey of death-causes of all spontaneously died pigs, n = 851, from a restricted area in the province of south holland during a 2 1/2 months lasting hog-cholera epizoötic in 1992. 23 pigs from 5 submissions showed a positive ift against hog-cholera virus. those animals and pigs from sero-positive farms were excluded from this survey. the results of the post-mortems were compared with the post-mortem findings of the normally submitted, selected, animals in 1991 and 1992, ... | 1994 | 7974450 |
| border disease virus: delineation by monoclonal antibodies. | many ovine pestiviruses from britain and a number of atypical porcine isolates are largely unrecognised by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for reference strains of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). additional mabs have therefore been produced using some of these "unreactive" pestiviruses. two of the viruses used were atypical porcine isolates (strains 87/6 and vosges), whilst another had been isolated from a sheep (59386). thirty-three mabs were selected, ... | 1994 | 7979965 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus. | border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, an important ovine pathogen, is serologically related to the two other well characterized members of the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hog cholera virus (hocv). to determine its genetic relationship to bvdv and hocv, the genome of bdv strain, bd-78 encompassing the 5' untranslated region (utr) and structural gene coding region was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the sequen ... | 1994 | 7985409 |
| detection of a cell line contaminated with hog cholera virus. | cell lines from the repository of the american type culture collection were examined for possible contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus. during testing, hog cholera virus (hcv) was detected in the ib-rs-2 d10 porcine kidney cell line. this variant of hcv was avirulent for pigs and seldom induced detectable concentrations of antibody against reference viruses (hcv-ames or bovine viral diarrhea virus-ny1) in serum of inoculated pigs. additionally, this variant of hcv did not confer protec ... | 1994 | 7989247 |
| classical swine fever: genetic detection and analysis of differences between virus isolates. | two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed that specifically amplified regions of the classical swine fever virus genome. these products, corresponding to a 671 bp portion of the genes encoding the e1 and e2 (gp33 and gp55) proteins and a 1090 bp portion of the putative polymerase gene, were amplified from eight virus isolates which had been responsible for a series of classical swine fever outbreaks in italy involving both domestic pigs and wild boar. for each virus the fragments were p ... | 1994 | 7996138 |
| insect iridescent virus type 6 encodes a polypeptide related to the largest subunit of eukaryotic rna polymerase ii. | cytoplasmic dna viruses encode a dna-dependent rna polymerase (ddrp) that is essential for transcription of viral genes. the amino acid sequences of known large subunits of ddrps contain highly conserved regions. oligonucleotide primers, deduced from two conserved domains [rqp(t/s)lh and nadfdgde] were used in pcr experiments for the detection of the corresponding gene of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6, also known as chilo iridescent virus (civ). a specific dna product of about 150 ... | 1994 | 8021587 |
| nucleotide sequence of a 55 kbp region from the right end of the genome of a pathogenic african swine fever virus isolate (malawi lil20/1). | the nucleotide sequence of a 55098 bp region from the right end of the genome of a virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate (malawi lil20/1) has been determined. translation of the sequence identified 67 major open reading frames (orfs) which are closely spaced and read from both dna strands. at six positions intergenic tandem repeat arrays are found. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of encoded proteins with protein sequence databases identified a number of homologies. t ... | 1994 | 8021596 |
| two novel multigene families, 530 and 300, in the terminal variable regions of african swine fever virus genome. | here, we describe two novel multigene families (mgf) present in the terminal variable regions of the african swine fever virus (asfv) genome. mgf530 includes at least six related orfs (averaging 530 amino acids) containing four well-conserved domains and amino acid identities ranging from 24 to 55%. mgf300 is composed of three orfs (averaging 300 amino acids) containing three highly conserved domains and amino acid identities ranging from 25 to 46%. amino terminal regions of predicted mgf530 and ... | 1994 | 8030263 |
| nucleotide sequence of the telomeric region of the african swine fever virus genome. | the 4-kb terminal bcli fragment of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna, including the inverted terminal repetition (itr), was cloned and sequenced. the sequence showed that the 2.1-kb itr is composed of a 301-nucleotide-long unique sequence immediately adjacent to the terminal hairpin loop, a set of 38 tandem direct repeats of a 34-nucleotide degenerate sequence, another unique intervening sequence with no remarkable features, and a set of 5 tandem repeats of a 27-nucleotide unit unrelated in s ... | 1994 | 8030278 |
| [bovine virus diarrhea/mucosal disease: a review]. | infections with the bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease virus (bvdv) are widespread and cause a variety of diseases including reproductive disorders, abortion and malformation, pneumoenteritis, thrombocytopenia and mucosal disease. together with the closely related border disease virus of sheep (bdv) and european swine fever virus (csfv), also referred to as hog cholera virus, bvdv is now classified in the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae family. the bvdv exists in two biotypes, noncytopat ... | 1994 | 8036482 |
| swine-reconstituted scid mice as a model for african swine fever virus infection. | injection of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid), resulted in the stable long-term establishment of a functional swine immune system (scid-sw). swine immunoglobulins were present in the serum of scid-sw mice and swine cells were detected in the blood as well as in lymph nodes and spleen using monoclonal antibodies raised against cell subpopulations. swine lymphocytes from reconstituted scid mice responded in vitro to specific antigens o ... | 1994 | 8046401 |
| attempted transovarial and venereal transmission of african swine fever virus by the iberian soft tick ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) marocanus (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae). | transovarial transmission experiments were conducted with three groups of ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) marocanus velu; one group consisted of 27 pairs of adults that had been fed as larvae on a pig with a viremia of 10(7.4) had50/ml of african swine fever virus (asfv). the second and third groups each consisted of 100 pairs of adults fed on a viremic pig (10(4.5) had50/ml) as adults. the first group underwent five gonotrophic cycles over a 554-d period. the second and third groups underwent thre ... | 1994 | 8057310 |
| [clinical and anatomo-pathological differences in 2 strains of african swine fever virus in angola]. | african swine fever (asf) is prevalent in angola. it is caused by several strains of viruses, among which silva-porto and huambo 85. a clinical and anatomo-pathological comparative test carried out on the natural and experimental disease showed different and significant characteristics in the behaviour of these two strains. silva-porto generates clinical signs characterized by an haemorrhagic generalized diathesis more marked on the skin, organs and viscera. in addition, the anatomo-pathological ... | 1993 | 8073167 |
| chilo iridescent virus encodes a putative helicase belonging to a distinct family within the "dead/h" superfamily: implications for the evolution of large dna viruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the ecori dna fragment m (7099 bp; 0.310-0.345 map units) of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6--chilo iridescent virus (civ)--was determined. a 606 codon open reading frame located in this region encoded a protein (p69) related to a distinct family of putative dna and/or rna helicases belonging to the "dead/h" superfamily. unique sequence signatures were derived that allowed selective retrieval of the putative helicases of the new family from amino ... | 1994 | 8073636 |
| african swine fever virus encodes a cd2 homolog responsible for the adhesion of erythrocytes to infected cells. | we have identified an open reading frame, ep402r, within the ecori e' fragment of the african swine fever virus genome that encodes a polypeptide of 402 amino acid residues homologous to the adhesion receptor of t cells, cd2. transcription of ep402r takes place during the late phase of virus replication. the disruption of ep402r, achieved through the replacement of a 354-bp-long fragment from within ep402r by the marker gene lacz, does not affect the virus growth rate in vitro but abrogates the ... | 1993 | 8102411 |
| virulence and pathogenesis of non-virulent and virulent strains of pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus. | pseudorabies virus (prv) expressing the envelope glycoprotein e1 (e1) of hog cholera virus (hcv) was used as a model to study the potential risks connected with the use of a live herpesvirus vaccine expressing a foreign gene. the gene encoding e1 was inserted into the glycoprotein x (gx) locus of both a virulent prv strain and a non-virulent prv strain in which the virulence genes encoding glycoprotein i (gi) and thymidine kinase (tk) had been inactivated. we investigated whether strain m205 (gi ... | 1994 | 8113720 |
| identification of genes encoding zinc finger proteins, non-histone chromosomal hmg protein homologue, and a putative gtp phosphohydrolase in the genome of chilo iridescent virus. | five rna transcripts of about 1.2 to 1.7 kilobases were mapped to a part of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 (chilo iridescent virus; civ) between genome coordinates 0.832 and 0.856 within the ecori dna fragment f. the nucleotide sequence of this particular region (5702 base pairs) of the civ genome was determined. the dna sequence contains a number of perfect direct, inverted, and palindromic repeats including three clusters of tandemly organized repetitive dna elements located betw ... | 1994 | 8121799 |
| genetic identification and nucleotide sequence of the dna polymerase gene of african swine fever virus. | the dna polymerase gene of african swine fever virus (asfv) was mapped by marker rescue experiments using a phosphonoacetic acid-resistant mutant and hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe designed from the most conserved motif of family b dna polymerases. viral dna fragments mapping in this region were cloned and sequenced. an open reading frame coding for a 1244 amino acid long peptide with a molecular mass of 142.5 kda was determined from the sequence. a unique feature of asfv dna polyme ... | 1994 | 8121806 |
| [field infection with bvd virus in swine: epidemiology and diagnosis]. | in a pig breeding herd in lower saxony infertility of breeding sows had been repeatedly observed. growth retardation and post mortem findings in two piglets gave clinical indication to swine fever/hog cholera. a virus was isolated and typed by monoclonal antibodies as pestivirus not identical with hog cholera virus (hcv). in neutralization tests applying the field isolate, hcv and bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus the sera breeding sows and weaner pigs yielded high neutralizing antibody titres a ... | 1994 | 8131728 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against the viruses of european swine fever, aujeszky's disease and "porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome" in wild boars in the federal states sachsen-anhalt and brandenburg]. | during the hunting season from 1991/1992 blood samples were collected from wild boar shot in the federal states of sachsen-anhalt (482 samples) and brandenburg (177 samples) which corresponds to 2.1 and 0.4% of the total hunting bag. all sera were screened in a complex trapping blocking (ctb) elisa for antibodies against hog cholera virus (hcv) and in an indirect elisa for antibodies against aujeszky's disease virus (adv). additionally the sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies against hcv ... | 1994 | 8131731 |
| multigene families in african swine fever virus: family 505. | sequencing of restriction fragment ecori a-sali c of african swine fever virus has revealed the existence of a multigene family, designated family 505 because of the average number of amino acids in the proteins, composed of seven homologous and tandemly arranged genes. all the genes of family 505 are expressed during infection. primer extension analysis showed that transcription is initiated a short distance (3 to 62 nucleotides) from the start codon of the corresponding open reading frame. the ... | 1994 | 8139051 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains. | monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were examined for binding with a large number of north american bvdv isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (hcv). no single bvdv monoclonal antibody reacted with all bvdv isolates. the most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) north american isolates. from a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 mon ... | 1994 | 8143258 |
| a rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence dot-immunobinding assay for screening hybridoma supernatants. | the present report describes a simple and rapid dot-immunobinding assay combined with a chemiluminescence detection system for screening hybridoma supernatants for specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). small rectangular nitrocellulose filters dotted with either crude mixtures of antigens, or with control samples, were placed in six well plates, incubated with hybridoma supernatants, then stained with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse igg. the reaction was performed with a chemiluminescence detec ... | 1994 | 8157996 |
| epidemiology of classical swine fever in sardinia: a serological survey of wild boar and comparison with african swine fever. | a serological survey was carried out to establish the distribution of classical swine fever among wild boar in sardinia, where that disease and african swine fever have been endemic in free-ranging domestic pigs and wild boar living in the mountainous areas of the province of nuoro for several years. blood samples were collected from 4752 wild boar shot during the period december 1988 to january 1992. an overall prevalence of 11 per cent was observed and the almost constant rate of about 9.8 per ... | 1994 | 8171792 |
| glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus: expression in insect cells and identification as a ribonuclease. | two regions of amino acids homologous to the ribonuclease catalysis domain of the fungal rnases t2 of aspergillus oryzae and rh of rhizopus niveus and the plant s-glycoproteins of nicotiana alata are perfectly conserved in the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv). to analyze the functional significance of these conserved sequences, the gene encoding e2 was inserted into the p10 locus of baculovirus and expressed in insect cells. recombinant vi ... | 1994 | 8178442 |
| nucleotide sequence and variability of the inverted terminal repetitions of african swine fever virus dna. | african swine fever virus (asfv) genome is a large (170-190 kb) double-stranded dna molecule with structural features similar to those of poxviruses. prominent among those features are the presence of a hairpin loop structure at the end of the dna molecule and terminal-inverted repeats (tir). the tirs have been previously demonstrated by electron microscopy and cross-hybridization of terminal restriction fragments. we have determined the sequence of both left and right dna ends from the ba71v vi ... | 1994 | 8178480 |
| application of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological monitoring of hog cholera (classical swine fever) in poland. | between 1990 and 1992, serum samples from 55,478 domestic swine were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of hog cholera virus (hcv) antibodies. the amount of antibody in the sera was expressed as the mean percentage inhibition (pi). for diagnosis, the tested sera were diluted 1:2 and considered positive if the pi was less than 25%. sera giving pi values in the range of 25-50% were retested against hcv and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), by neutralising perox ... | 1993 | 8219338 |
| virus-host interactions in african swine fever: the attachment to cellular receptors. | biochemical and morphological techniques have shown that african swine fever virus (asfv) enters susceptible cells by a mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis. the virus binds to a specific, saturable site in the cell and this interaction is required for a productive infection. a structural asfv protein of 12kda (p12) has been identified to be involved in the recognition of the cellular receptor, on the basis of the specific binding of the polypeptide to sensitive vero cells. protein p12 is ... | 1993 | 8219802 |
| african swine fever virus genome content and variability. | a 55 kilobase pair (kb) region from the right end of the virulent african swine fever virus isolate, malawi lil20/1, has been sequenced. the 68 major open reading frames (orfs) encoded are generally closely spaced and read from both dna strands across the complete sequence. comparison of the amino acid sequences of predicted orfs with sequence databases identified 15 orfs which encode proteins that are similar to proteins of known function. two orfs are homologous to copies of multigene family 3 ... | 1993 | 8219803 |
| molecular characterization of positive-strand rna viruses: pestiviruses and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | molecular characterization has become an important tool for the analysis of viruses including their classification. the manuscript focuses on the molecular analysis of two members of the genus pestivirus (hog cholera virus, hcv and bovine viral diarrhea virus, bvdv) and of the recently discovered porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the first protein encoded within the single large pestivirus orf is a nonstructural protein with autoproteolytic activity. the cleavage site ... | 1993 | 8219812 |
| the relative density of cd44-positive porcine monocytic cell populations varies between isolations and upon culture and influences susceptibility to infection by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever (asf) virus has been reported to infect cells of the monocyte family, probably macrophage-like cells, but there is variation in the apparent susceptibility of these cells. we have demonstrated that the phenotype and activity of porcine monocytic cells varies between different isolations and also upon culture. the variation during culture is dependent upon the phenotype of the cells at the time of isolation. as for the susceptibility of porcine monocytes/macrophages to infecti ... | 1993 | 8225410 |
| processing of pestivirus polyprotein: cleavage site between autoprotease and nucleocapsid protein of classical swine fever virus. | the polyprotein of classical swine fever virus starts with the nonstructural protein p23, which is followed by the nucleocapsid protein p14. proteolytic cleavage between p23 and p14 was demonstrated in a cell-free transcription-translation system. successive truncation of the cdna used for the transcription indicated that the proteolytic activity responsible for the cleavage between p23 and p14 resides within p23. in order to determine the cleavage site between these two proteins, the respective ... | 1993 | 8230432 |
| african swine fever virus interaction with microtubules. | the role of microtubules in intracellular transport of african swine fever virus (asfv) and virus-induced inclusions was studied by immunofluorescence using anti-asfv and anti-tubulin antibodies, by electron microscopy of infected vero cells and by in vitro binding of virions to purified microtubules. mtc, a reversible colchicine analogue, was used to depolymerize microtubules. in cells treated with mtc multiple large inclusions containing asfv antigens and particles were observed in the cytopla ... | 1993 | 8241964 |
| mapping and sequence of the gene encoding the african swine fever virion protein of m(r) 11500. | the gene encoding the african swine fever virus protein of m(r) 11,500, present in the virus particle, has been mapped and sequenced in the genome of the vero cell-adapted virus strain ba71v. a serum raised against virion proteins of m(r) 12,000 to 13,000 isolated from polyacrylamide gels was used to screen a plasmid expression library, containing viral dna random fragments, that expresses viral polypeptides fused to beta-galactosidase. using this method, we have identified and sequenced the ope ... | 1993 | 8245848 |
| long-term persistent infection of swine monocytes/macrophages with african swine fever virus. | long-term persistent infection was established in 100% of pigs (n = 19) experimentally infected with african swine fever virus (asfv). viral dna was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) at greater than 500 days postinfection by a pcr assay. infectious virus was not, however, isolated from the same pbml samples. in cell fractionation studies of pbml, monocytes/macrophages were found to harbor viral dna during the persistent phase of infection. this result indicates that mono ... | 1994 | 8254776 |
| passively transferred african swine fever virus antibodies protect swine against lethal infection. | the role of anti-viral antibodies in homologous protective immunity to a virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) strain e75 was examined by passive transfer experiments in swine. eighty-five percent of animals (n = 14) that received anti-asfv immunoglobulin (ig) survived challenge infection, while 100% mortality was observed in control group animals (n = 28) that received anti-pseudorabies virus ig, normal swine ig, or phosphate-buffered saline. with the exception of a significantly delayed an ... | 1994 | 8259670 |
| two putative african swine fever virus helicases similar to yeast 'deah' pre-mrna processing proteins and vaccinia virus atpases d11l and d6r. | two open reading frames (orfs) of african swine fever virus (asfv) encoding putative helicases have been sequenced. the two genes, termed d1133l and b962l, are located in the central region of the viral genome, but are separated by about 40 kb of dna. both genes are expressed late during asfv infection of vero cells, after replication of viral dna has begun. contiguous to d1133l, three other orfs (d129l, d79l and d339l), encoding putative proteins of unknown function, have been sequenced. protei ... | 1993 | 8262374 |
| nucleotide sequence of a nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase gene from african swine fever virus. | a putative nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (ntpase) gene of african swine fever virus was identified by using a degenerate oligonucleotide probe derived from the nucleoside triphosphate binding motif, which is highly conserved among viral and cellular ntpases. the probe hybridized with fragments sali e and ecori q, which is entirely contained in the former one. sequencing of this region revealed an open reading frame, designated q706l, coding for a protein of 706 amino acids, with a cal ... | 1993 | 8266720 |
| characterization of vaccinia virus gene b12r. | we report the characterization of vaccinia virus gene b12r which is predicted to encode a 33k protein with 36% amino acid identity to the serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by vaccinia virus gene b1r. s1 nuclease protection experiments showed that gene b12r is transcribed early during infection from an initiation site 11 bp upstream of the open reading frame (orf). the gene encodes a 33k polypeptide that is not required for virus replication in tissue culture nor for virus virulence in a mu ... | 1993 | 8277291 |
| molecular characterization of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | three serologically different pestivirus strains isolated from sheep were selected for molecular analysis. cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of the genomic regions encoding glycoproteins e1 and e2 were obtained from the three strains. a comparison with amino acid sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) revealed that one of the three ovine pestivirus strains can be grouped together with bvdv. the other two strains, however, were clearly different ... | 1994 | 8291236 |
| the dna polymerase-encoding gene of african swine fever virus: sequence and transcriptional analysis. | the putative dna polymerase-encoding gene of african swine fever virus has been sequenced. the gene, designated g1207r, is located in the central region of the viral genome, and encodes a protein of 1207 amino acids (aa) with a predicted m(r) of 139,835. the gene is transcribed at both early and late stages of infection into a 4.1-kb rna. transcription is initiated at tsp, 8 nucleotides (nt) upstream from the start codon. open reading frame (orf) g1207r contains four direct repeats in tandem clo ... | 1993 | 8293992 |
| [lipids from the african swine fever virus]. | the lipids of highly purified african swine fever virus (asfv) propagated in porcine bone marrow cells were observed to contain 25.6% phospholipids, 9.7% monoglycerides, 14.1% cholesterol, 17.8% free fatty acids, 14.4% diglycerides, 13.6% triglycerides, and 6.7% cholesterol ethers. diethyl ether extracts mono-, di-, triglycerides, free fatty acids, 50% of cholesterol and cholesterol ethers, and 25% of phospholipids from the virus. analysis of the 14c-sodiumacetate incorporation into viral, cellu ... | 1993 | 8302309 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp55) gene of hog cholera virus (weybridge). | a 1.7 kb cdna fragment corresponding to the coding region of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp55) of pestivirus hog cholera (weybridge) was obtained using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and then cloned into puc 8. the deduced amino acid sequence of gp55 showed a strong homology to that of hcv strains brescia (94%) and alfort (90%), and to a lesser extent to the closely related gp53 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strain, nadl (65%). eighteen cysteine residues were identified in the seque ... | 1993 | 8317145 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hog cholera virus (alfort 187 strain). | | 1993 | 8328912 |
| african swine fever virus encodes a serine protein kinase which is packaged into virions. | nucleotide sequencing of the sali j region of the virulent malawi (lil20/1) strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) identified an open reading frame (orf), designated j9l, with extensive similarity to the family of protein kinases. this orf encodes a 35.1-kda protein of 299 amino acids which shares 24.6% amino acid identity with the human pim-1 proto-oncogene and 21.0% identity with the vaccinia virus b1r-encoded protein kinase. the asfv orf contains the motifs characteristic of serine-threon ... | 1993 | 8331722 |
| an african swine fever virus gene with a similarity to eukaryotic rna polymerase subunit 6. | | 1993 | 8332503 |
| polyprotein processing in african swine fever virus: a novel gene expression strategy for a dna virus. | this report shows that african swine fever virus (asfv)--a large dna-containing virus--synthesizes a polyprotein to produce several of its structural proteins. by immunoprecipitation analysis, we have found that asfv polyprotein is a 220 kda myristoylated polypeptide (pp220) which, after proteolytic processing, gives rise to four major structural proteins: p150, p37, p34 and p14. processing of the asfv polyprotein takes place at the consensus sequence gly-gly-x and occurs through an ordered casc ... | 1993 | 8335009 |
| the skin, tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence. | hog cholera virus antigens were found densely distributed in skin and tongue of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. the finding described here warrants the usage of ear biopsies for hog cholera diagnosis on a herd basis. | 1993 | 8347086 |
| glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus expressed in insect cells protects swine from hog cholera. | the processing and protective capacity of e1, an envelope glycoprotein of hog cholera virus (hcv), were investigated after expression of different versions of the protein in insect cells by using a baculovirus vector. recombinant virus bace1[+] expressed e1, including its c-terminal transmembrane region (tmr), and generated a protein which was similar in size (51 to 54 kda) to the size of e1 expressed in swine kidney cells infected with hcv. the protein was not secreted from the insect cells, an ... | 1993 | 8350404 |
| inhibition of african swine fever virus binding and infectivity by purified recombinant virus attachment protein p12. | the african swine fever virus protein p12, involved in virus attachment to the host cell, has an apparent molecular mass of 17 kda in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. we have also identified 12- and 10-kda forms of the p12 protein in infected vero cells and found that the mature 17-kda protein is the only form present in virus particles. the p12 protein has been produced in large amounts in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells infected with a ... | 1993 | 8350406 |
| identification of a structural glycoprotein of an rna virus as a ribonuclease. | one of the three structural glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is e0, a disulfide-bonded homodimer that induces virus-neutralizing antibodies and occurs in a virion-bound as well as a secreted form. e0 was shown to be similar to a family of fungal and plant ribonucleases. purified e0 from csfv-infected cells was a potent ribonuclease specific for uridine and inhibitable by zinc ions. | 1993 | 8356450 |
| characterization of a soluble hemagglutinin induced in african swine fever virus-infected cells. | hemadsorption (had) of erythrocytes to the surface of african swine fever virus (asfv)-infected cells is a well-known phenomenon but hemagglutination of pig erythrocytes in the supernatant of asfv-infected cells has not been reported before. we report here the discovery of a pig erythrocyte-agglutinating activity released to the in vitro cell culture medium by cells infected with some isolates of asfv. this finding allowed the identification and characterization of a soluble hemagglutinin (ha) m ... | 1993 | 8372447 |
| three african swine fever virus genes encoding proteins with homology to putative helicases of vaccinia virus. | sequence analysis of the sali g, h, i and j restriction fragments of the african swine fever virus (asfv) genome from the virulent isolate malawi (lil20/1) identified three open reading frames (orfs) encoding predicted proteins of 125.0k (g10l), 80.4k (j10l) and 58.0k (j11l) which showed homology to members of the dna and rna helicase superfamily. orfj10l was related to protein 4 of the kluyveromyces lactis killer plasmid pkg12 and to two putative helicases, d6r and d11l, of vaccinia virus. orf ... | 1993 | 8376971 |
| african swine fever virus guanylyltransferase. | the gene coding for the guanylyltransferase of african swine fever virus has been identified and sequenced. the gene, designated np868r, is located within fragments ecori n' and d of the virus genome (ba71v strain) and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 99.9 kda that shares significant similarity with the large subunit of both vaccinia and shope fibroma virus capping enzymes, with percentages of identity of 20.6 and 21.8%, respectively. a protein of 95 kda was induced in escher ... | 1993 | 8382399 |
| clinical, virological and serological findings after intranasal inoculation of pigs with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and subsequent intranasal challenge with hog cholera virus. | five groups of weaner pigs were intranasally inoculated with constant doses of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain osloss/2482. four weeks post primary inoculation (p.p.i.) the animals were intranasally challenged with decreasing doses of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain alfort/187. clinical signs were not observed apart from a short febrile period (2 days, > 40 degrees c) in one animal. another animal died intercurrently without showing any pathological signs. virus isolation from leucocyt ... | 1993 | 8384395 |
| presumptive diagnostic differentiation of hog cholera virus from bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses by using a cdna nested-amplification approach. | hog cholera virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv) are closely related pestiviruses. bvdv and bdv are found worldwide but seldom cause disease in swine. in contrast, hcv has been successfully eradicated from swine in several nations but poses a potentially devastating threat to them because of its great virulence. rapid differential diagnosis of hcv from bvdv and bdv infections in swine is vital for detection of the possible reintroduction of hcv into nat ... | 1993 | 8384625 |
| rna insertions and gene duplications in the nonstructural protein p125 region of pestivirus strains and isolates in vitro and in vivo. | sixteen cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains/isolates were screened for the existence of rna insertions in the p125 gene region and/or for p80 gene duplications using the polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. three strains/isolates were shown to contain insertions, and in three others gene duplications were demonstrated. one strain was shown to contain a gene duplication in addition to an insertion. insertions or duplications were absent in the genomes ... | 1993 | 8384762 |
| processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses. | the genomic rna of pestiviruses is translated into a large polyprotein that is cleaved into a number of proteins. the structural proteins are n terminal in this polyprotein and include three glycoproteins called e0, e1, and e2 on the basis of the order in which they appear in the polyprotein. using pulse-chase experiments, we show that a pestiviral glycoprotein precursor, e012, is formed that is processed into e0, e1, and e2 in an ordered fashion. processing is initiated by a nascent cleavage be ... | 1993 | 8388499 |
| detection of hog cholera virus and differentiation from other pestiviruses by polymerase chain reaction. | reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used for the detection and differentiation of pestiviruses. for this purpose, one primer pair was selected from a highly conserved region of the genome of pestiviruses. using these primers (pest 1-pest 2), dna fragments of between 72 and 74 bp could be amplified from all pestivirus isolates tested. in order to differentiate hog cholera virus (hcv) from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), ... | 1993 | 8388887 |
| an african swine fever virus gene with similarity to the proto-oncogene bcl-2 and the epstein-barr virus gene bhrf1. | an open reading frame, lmw5-hl, in the african swine fever virus genome displays a high degree of similarity to the proto-oncogene bcl-2 and, to a lesser degree, the epstein-barr virus gene bhrf1. a highly conserved central region is found in all three proteins. lmw5-hl encodes a protein of 18 kda that is present in infected porcine macrophages at both early and late times postinfection. the similarity of lmw5-hl to bcl-2 and bhrf1 suggests a role for it in cell maintenance during productive or ... | 1993 | 8389936 |
| african swine fever virus thymidylate kinase gene: sequence and transcriptional mapping. | a putative thymidylate kinase gene of african swine fever virus has been identified at the left end of the sali i' fragment of the virus genome. the gene, designated a240l, has the potential to encode a protein of 240 amino acids with an m(r) of 27,754 and is transcribed early after infection. primer extension analysis indicates that transcription is initiated a short distance from the first atg codon of open reading frame a240l. the deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame shows s ... | 1993 | 8393914 |
| three adjacent genes of african swine fever virus with similarity to essential poxvirus genes. | nucleotide sequencing of the right end of the salij fragment of the highly virulent malawi lil20/1 strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) has revealed three adjacent genes with similarity to: serine-threonine protein kinases; members of the putative helicase superfamily sf2; and the vaccinia virus 56 kda abortive late protein. all three genes are transcribed to the left with respect to the orientation of the asfv genome. gene l19il predicts a protein similar to serine-threonine protein kinas ... | 1993 | 8397501 |
| polymerase chain reaction-mediated cloning and in vitro translation of the genes coding for the structural proteins of hog cholera virus. | after amplification by pcr, the 5' region of the genome of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain alfort 187 was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with the ones of other pestiviruses. by in vitro translation experiments we were able to demonstrate the protease activity of the p 20 protein of hcv. | 1993 | 8397504 |
| antibody prevalence of hog cholera, bovine viral diarrhoea and aujeszky's disease virus in wild boars in northern germany. | during the hunting season 1990/1991 a total of 841 blood samples was collected from shot wild boar corresponding to about 2.11% of the total hunting bag in lower saxony. all the sera were screened for neutralizing antibodies (nab) to hog cholera virus (hcv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by direct neutralizing peroxidase linked antibody (npla) assay. for the detection of antibodies (ab) against hcv a complex trapping blocking (ctb) elisa was used. cytotoxic sera were retested using an i ... | 1993 | 8404524 |
| duplicated genes within the variable right end of the genome of a pathogenic isolate of african swine fever virus. | the right variable region of the genome of a pathogenic strain of african swine fever virus (asfv), malawi lil20/1, has been sequenced and 15 open reading frames (orfs) identified by computer analysis. eight of these orfs were found to be similar to previously described asfv orfs and three of these belong to two previously described multiple gene families (mgf), 360 and 110. four of the remaining five orfs belong to a novel mgf, designated mgf 100, and the last orf encodes a protein that is simi ... | 1993 | 8409937 |
| identification of the gene encoding the major capsid protein of fish lymphocystis disease virus. | the gene encoding the major capsid protein (mcp) of fish lymphocystis disease virus (flounder isolate; flcdv-f) has been identified by pcr using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to different regions of the mcp of tipula iridescent virus (tiv), iridescent virus 22 (iv22) and chilo iridescent virus (civ). dna fragments of 0.4 kbp, 0.5 kbp and 0.27 kbp in size were amplified using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to amino acids (aa) 146 to 153 (primer 1) and 274 to 268 (primer 6), or aa 1 ... | 1993 | 8409939 |
| transcriptional mapping of a late gene coding for the p12 attachment protein of african swine fever virus. | the transcriptional characterization of the gene coding for the p12 attachment protein of the african swine fever virus is presented. the results obtained have been used to generate the first detailed transcriptional map of an african swine fever virus late gene. novel experimental evidence indicating the existence of major differences between the mechanisms controlling the transcription of late genes in african swine fever virus and poxviruses is provided. | 1993 | 8416381 |
| high-level expression in escherichia coli of the gene coding for the major structural protein (p72) of african swine fever virus. | the gene encoding the major structural protein (p72) of african swine fever virus (asfv) has been expressed in escherichia coli using a t7 rna polymerase system. the use of a recombinant plasmid which contains the entire gene inserted between the t7 promoter and the transcription terminator of the expression vector allowed us to obtain a high expression level of the intact viral protein. this polypeptide, which appears in the insoluble fraction of the bacterial extracts, showed an intense reacti ... | 1993 | 8428668 |