| detection of hepatitis c virus rna in the cell fraction of saliva before and after oral surgery. | the presence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna in serum, whole saliva, and saliva from the submaxillary glands was investigated before and after oral surgery. the presence of hcv rna (positive and negative-strand rna) was determined in serum and saliva by a nested polymerase chain reaction in 26 anti-hcv positive patients, of whom 11 were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1. oral surgery was carried out on five occasions on four of the patients. hcv rna was detected in the sera of 23 of ... | 1995 | 7775943 |
| a novel method for analysis of viral proteinase activity encoded by hepatitis c virus in cultured cells. | we developed a novel method for analysis of hepatitis c viral proteinase activity in cultured cells, in which the proteinase activity was measured as the enhancement of reporter gene expression. in this system, plasmids encoding a reporter gene, the enzyme gene, and the substrate gene were simultaneously transfected into cos-1 cells. the reporter plasmid contains chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene downstream of an enhancer/promoter sequence derived from the human t-cell leukemia virus ... | 1995 | 7778761 |
| etiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in adults in senegal and tunisia. | markers for acute hepatitis a, b, c and e virus infections were examined in the sera of 72 patients suffering from acute hepatitis in senegal and tunisia. hepatitis b was responsible for 36% and hepatitis c for 21% of the cases. acute hepatitis a was not diagnosed. hev infection was not observed in senegal and represents only 4% of the acute hepatitis cases in tunisia. | 1995 | 7784826 |
| orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with severe hemophilia a: a life-saving treatment for the first italian case. | clinical cure of hemophilia a by orthotopic liver transplantation has been reported in 11 cases. we describe the first successful italian case. a 27-year-old man had cirrhosis caused by previous infections with the hepatitis b, c and d viruses following life-long treatment with factor viii concentrates made from large plasma pools. he was, however, seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus. in the year before transplantation, life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding due to severe esoph ... | 1995 | 7787210 |
| evidence of non-a, non-b, non-c infection in chronic hepatitis by polymerase chain reaction testing for hepatitis b and c viruses. | although hepatitis c virus is clearly the major cause of non-a, non-b acute and chronic hepatitis, there is a group of patients with histologically documented chronic hepatitis with no serological marker of hepatitis b and c, nor any other risk factors for liver disease. | 1995 | 7790699 |
| haemophilia a management in victorian, new south wales and south australian haemophilia centres. | to examine the management of haemophilia a in australia and to compare it with international trends. | 1995 | 7791641 |
| [initial studies of the prevalence of human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) in mexican blood donors]. | human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) has been recently isolated from cd4-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy person. the present study was performed to find the antibody prevalence of this virus in the healthy mexican population. two hundred blood samples from candidates for blood donation at the general hospital of mexico were studied with the indirect immunofluorescence test (ifa) in hhv-7 infected supt1 cells. 83.5% were male persons and 16.5% female, the mean age for the male group was ... | 1995 | 7792272 |
| [progress in hepatitis diagnosis]. | until today only five pathogens of viral hepatitis have been discovered: hepatitis virus a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). an update on the state of the art of actually established diagnostic procedures is briefly summarized. some recent topics and problems are covered more extensively; in the case of hbv the value of hbsag concentration as a prognostic marker, the finding 'anti-hbc only' the role of hbv mutants, the determination of circulating hbv genomic material, and modalities ... | 1995 | 7792463 |
| liver cytosolic 1 antigen-antibody system in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis c virus infection. | within the multiform liver/kidney microsomal (lkm) family, a subgroup of sera that reacts with a liver cytosolic (lc) protein has been isolated and the new antigen-antibody system is called lc1. unlike lkm antibody type 1 (anti-lkm1), anti-lc1 is said to be unrelated to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and has therefore been proposed as a marker of 'true' autoimmune hepatitis type 2. altogether 100 lkm1 positive sera were tested by immunodiffusion (id). twenty five gave a precipitation line wit ... | 1995 | 7797126 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals: analysis with different test systems. | sera of 383 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1-infected individuals from frankfurt (main)/germany were assayed by two hepatitis c virus (hcv) screening tests (abbott second generation, ortho second generation). this population showed a prevalence for reactivity with both tests of 20.8% (80/383). examination of all reactive sera (91/383) by a supplemental assay (chiron riba 2) gave for 46 sera a positive, for 33 sera an indeterminate, and for 12 sera a negative result. further analysis focussed ... | 1994 | 7798885 |
| [seroprevalence of delta virus and hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic infection with hepatitis b virus]. | to study the prevalence of hepatitis delta and hepatitis c viruses (hdv and hcv) in patients infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) with and without risk behaviors for the infection by these viruses and by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1994 | 7800870 |
| donor follow-up of influenza vaccine-related multiple viral enzyme immunoassay reactivity. | false-positive enzyme immunoassay (eia) tests in blood donors receiving influenza vaccine were first reported in 1991. we conducted follow-up testing for 6 months of those donors with multiply reactive, but unconfirmed eia (at least 2 positives in anti-hcv-1.0, anti-hiv-1, and anti-htlv-i assays) with a history of recent flu vaccine to determine the duration of false positivity. of 133,000 donors tested, 16 met study criteria; all 16 were reactive for anti-hcv, 10 were reactive for anti-hiv-1, a ... | 1994 | 7801610 |
| membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis c virus infection responsive to interferon-alpha. | a 42-year-old man with hepatitis c virus infection, cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, and nephrotic syndrome is reported. the kidney biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. the patient was treated with interferon-alpha for 2 months. after the treatment, serum hepatitis c virus rna became negative and nephrotic syndrome remitted. repeat biopsy of the kidney revealed an improvement in renal histology. this case confirms an association between hepatitis c virus infection and mem ... | 1995 | 7810536 |
| transmission of hepatitis c virus but not human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a human bite. | | 1994 | 7811879 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type-i influence on hepatotropic virus infections and the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | we studied the serologic status, with respect to hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) of blood donors in an area endemic for adult t-cell leukemia (atl). similarly, we studied the serologic status of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients from the same district. in the donors, the incidence of serological positivity for these viruses was 0.95, 1.23, and 3.75%, respectively. there was a positive correlation between the presence of anti- ... | 1994 | 7812978 |
| distribution of viral genotypes in italy determined by hepatitis c virus typing by dna immunoassay. | the distribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes in italy was investigated by pcr amplification of the e1 region and hybridization with type i- and type ii-specific nonisotopic probes. positive pcr results were obtained for 65 of 72 patients (90.3%). type i was detected in 13 of 72 patients (18%), type ii was detected in 39 patients (54.2%), and a mixed type i-type ii infection was detected in 7 patients (9.7%). six amplification products not classified by this method shared a low level of ... | 1994 | 7814559 |
| exclusion in liver by polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis b and c viruses in acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | hepatitis b and c viruses have been implicated in a few cases of acute liver failure attributed to sporadic (community acquired) non-a, non-b hepatitis, but reports are conflicting. we determined whether hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus were detectable in prospectively stored hepatectomies from seven british patients grafted for acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. for hepatitis b virus, we used nested polymerase chain reaction with primers to the core and su ... | 1994 | 7814806 |
| modulation of the trans-suppression activity of hepatitis c virus core protein by phosphorylation. | we previously demonstrated that the core protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) can suppress gene expression and replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in a human hepatoma cell line (huh-7). in this study, we have characterized the phosphorylation property of hcv core protein and examined the effect of phosphorylation on its suppressive activity of hbv. our results indicated that both the full-length hcv core protein (22 kda) and its processed or degraded forms (14 to 18 kda) were phosphorylated in ... | 1995 | 7815494 |
| sequence evolution of the hypervariable region in the putative envelope region e2/ns1 of hepatitis c virus is correlated with specific humoral immune responses. | sequence evolution of the hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) in the n terminus of e2/ns1 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was studied retrospectively in six chimpanzees inoculated with the same genotype 1b strain, containing a unique predominant hvr1 sequence. immediately after inoculation, all animals contained the same hvr predominant sequence. two animals developed an acute self-limiting infection. anti-hvr1 immunoglobulin g (igg) was produced 40 to 60 days after inoculation and rapidly disappeared afte ... | 1995 | 7815542 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| hepatitis c virus rna in factor viii concentrates. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna was measured in commercial factor viii concentrates, that is, antihemophilic factor (human) (ahf), to allow the retrospective evaluation of the effect of various virus-inactivation procedures. the impact on ahf of recent anti-hcv screening of plasma was also investigated. | 1995 | 7825205 |
| [a case of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma with rapid growth after the interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis]. | a 75-year-old man who had had a long history of chronic hepatitis c virus liver disease underwent interferon (ifn) therapy for three months. after three months of the last ifn injection, he presented with a sudden attack of epigastralgia. abdominal us and ct revealed a tumor about 9 x 10 cm in the right lobe of the liver. serum afp level was 8,499 ng/ml. spontaneous hemoperitoneum due to ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) was suspected. hepatectomy was carried out on 35 days postembolizatio ... | 1994 | 7830711 |
| susceptibility of human t-lymphotropic virus type i infected cell line mt-2 to hepatitis c virus infection. | to obtain a hepatitis c virus (hcv) proliferation system, we examined the susceptibility of various cultured cell lines to hcv infection. we found that a human t-lymphotropic virus type i infected cell line mt-2 was fairly sensitive to hcv infection. using the polymerase chain reaction, intracellular positive-stranded hcv rna was detected until at least 15 days postinoculation (p.i.). intracellular negative-stranded hcv rna was also detected at 10 days p.i., although not at 7 days p.i., suggesti ... | 1995 | 7832798 |
| [rheumatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis c and response to the treatment with interferon alpha-2b]. | chronic hepatitis c can be responsible for a broad range of autoimmune manifestations, including cryoglobulinemia and sjögren's syndrome. we report our experience with six patients (five women and one man; mean age 55.6 years) in whom hepatitis c was diagnosed during evaluation of joint symptoms. polyarthralgia was the main symptom and was often accompanied with myalgia; a polyalgic syndrome was seen in some patients. isolated cytolysis was consistently found, although, in some instances, liver ... | 1994 | 7833885 |
| heterogeneity of liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis c and d virus infection. | anti-liver-kidney microsomal (lkm) autoantibodies occur in a proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis c and d infections. because of different immunofluorescence patterns, antibodies in hepatitis c and d were termed lkm-1 and lkm-3, respectively. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the different specificities of lkm-1 and lkm-3 antibodies. | 1995 | 7835588 |
| absence of association between hla antigens and chronicity of viral hepatitis in haemodialyzed patients. | the role of hla antigens in the chronicity of viral hepatitis is still being debated. we analyzed the relation between hla status and viral hepatitis in 558 consecutive haemodialyzed patients who underwent kidney transplantation. hla a, b, dr status, abo-rh blood group, duration of haemodialysis, and number of blood units transfused during the dialysis period were known for all patients. serological status for hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus and results of liver biopsies were available i ... | 1994 | 7836709 |
| serum anti-liver cytosol antibodies type 1 in hepatitis c virus infection. | | 1994 | 7836724 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection as risk factor for mother-to-child hepatitis c virus transmission; persistence of anti-hepatitis c virus in children is associated with the mother's anti-hepatitis c virus immunoblotting pattern. | to determine the rate of vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv), we prospectively studied 45 babies born to anti-hcv-positive women with or without concomitant infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we performed a second-generation recombinant immunoblotting assay, alanine transaminase (alt) evaluation, and hcv-rna testing on sera from 27 infants of hcv+, hiv- mothers and 18 babies of hcv+, hiv+ women, at birth and thereafter. after birth, hcv antibodies progressively d ... | 1995 | 7843701 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus in donor eyes using polymerase chain reaction. | detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in donor eyes was performed. dnas were extracted from the uvea, and they were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). amplified viral dnas were detected with liquid hybridisation and chemiluminescent assay in which no radioactive materials were used. this method was shown to have a sensitivity limit of fewer than 10 copies of hiv, making it much more sensitive than the current techn ... | 1994 | 7848984 |
| hepatic myelopathy: an unusual neurological complication of advanced hepatic disease. | encephalopathy is widely known as one of the neurological complications of chronic hepatic disease. recently, the occurrence of progressive myelopathy in patients with advanced hepatic disease has been well documented and differentiated from encephalopathy. we describe a 76-year-old man with decompensatory liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis c virus infection who suffered from progressive paraplegia. postmortem examination revealed demyelination of the lateral column of the spinal cord, especially ... | 1994 | 7849390 |
| biological and genetic characterization of a hemagglutinating coronavirus isolated from a diarrhoeic child. | the coronavirus strain hecv-4408 was isolated from diarrhea fluid of a 6-year-old child with acute diarrhea and propagated in human rectal tumor (hrt-18) cells. electron microscopy revealed coronavirus particles in the diarrhea fluid sample and the infected hrt-18 cell cultures. this virus possessed hemagglutinating and acetylesterase activities and caused cytopathic effects in hrt-18 cells but not in mdbk, gbk and fe cells. one of four s-specific monoclonal antibodies reacted in western blots w ... | 1994 | 7852955 |
| [transmission of hepatitis c virus from mother to infant]. | the transmission of hepatitis c virus (vhc) by percutaneous exposure to blood contamination is well documented but account for only 50 to 60% of hepatitis c cases. the transmission route for sporadic cases remains controversial and transmission by sexual contact and vertical transmission have been implicated. antibodies to hcv are detected in 0 to 4.3% of pregnant women varying across geographic regions or origins. passively transmitted maternal anti-hcv are detected in most of the new-born babi ... | 1994 | 7854860 |
| complete sequence (20 kilobases) of the polyprotein-encoding gene 1 of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the entire nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas containing the 5'-untranslated region and gene 1 of purdue-115 strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was determined. this completes the sequence of the tgev genome, which is 28,579 nucleotides long. the gene 1 is composed of two large open reading frames, orf1a and orf1b, which contain 4017 and 2698 codons, respectively (stop excluded). a brief, three-codon-long orf is present upstream of orf1a. orf1b overlaps orf1a by 43 bases in the ... | 1995 | 7856095 |
| eradication of hepatitis c virus after interferon-alpha therapy. | | 1995 | 7856999 |
| eradication of hepatitis c virus after interferon-alpha therapy. | | 1995 | 7857000 |
| national surveillance of dialysis associated diseases in the united states, 1992. | to determine trends in a number of hemodialysis associated diseases and practices, the centers for disease control and prevention, in collaboration with the health care financing administration, completed a mail survey of chronic hemodialysis centers in the united states in 1992. of 2,321 centers surveyed, 2,170 (93%) representing 170,028 patients and 43,535 staff members responded. in 1992, 2,049 (94%) centers used bicarbonate dialysate as the primary method of dialysis, 765 (35)% used high flu ... | 1994 | 7858322 |
| interleukin-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral chronic active hepatitis. | interleukin-8 (il-8) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) are important mediators of inflammation and immune response in human disease. to demonstrate their importance in pathophysiological processes in liver disease, we measured the circulating levels of il-8 and gm-csf in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and chronic active hepatitis (cah). il-8 and gm-csf levels in serum samples were determined with highly specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent ... | 1995 | 7859412 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response to hepatitis c virus-derived peptides containing the hla a2.1 binding motif. | the hla class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response is a major defense mechanism in viral infections. it has been suggested that the ctl response may contribute to viral clearance and liver cell injury during hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to test this hypothesis requires an understanding of the characteristics of hcv-specific cytotoxic effector cells and identification of the target antigens to which they respond. to begin this process we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear ... | 1995 | 7860734 |
| inactivation and elimination of viruses during preparation of human intravenous immunoglobulin. | we report here the results of our evaluation of virus inactivation during the manufacturing steps of two intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv) preparations. virus inactivation and/or removal by processing steps, such as ethanol fractionation and polyethylene glycol precipitation, and deliberate virucidal steps, such as solvent/detergent treatment and pasteurization, were tested on a variety of human pathogenic and experimental model viruses, including human immunodeficiency, hepatitis c, mumps, vacc ... | 1994 | 7863623 |
| the risk of human t cell leukemia virus and viral hepatitis infection among us marines stationed in okinawa, japan. | the prevalence and incidence of human t cell leukemia virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii) and hepatitis a, b, and c virus infection were determined among us marines stationed in okinawa, japan. of 2875 personnel, 2 (0.07%) had antibody to htlv-i/ii. after 1-3 years, no htlv seroconversions were observed, although 23% reported sexual contact with okinawans. of 1010 hepatitis-tested marines, 121 (12%) had antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), 26 (2.6%) had antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hb ... | 1995 | 7876620 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis c pathology. | to investigate the possible influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on hepatitis c virus-related liver disease, liver morphology was evaluated in 160 hbsag-negative patients with chronic hepatitis c, including 68 hiv-positive and 92 hiv-negative cases. no differences were detected in the severity of necro-inflammatory hepatic lesions between hiv-negative and hiv-positive patients when the cd4+ lymphocytes count exceeded 400 cells/mm3. in contrast, hiv-positive patients with cd4 ... | 1994 | 7877436 |
| low risk of viral infection after administration of vapor-heated factor vii concentrate or factor ix complex in first-time recipients of blood components. international factor safety study group. | vapor-heated human factor vii concentrate and human factor ix complex are both obtained from prothrombin complex, undergo similar methods of manufacture, and are subjected to an identical two-step vapor-heating process for virus inactivation. | 1995 | 7878711 |
| reduction in transmission of hepatitis c after the introduction of a heat-treatment step in the production of c1-inhibitor concentrate. | the transmission of viral infections via protein concentrates made from a large pool of plasma depends on the selection of donors, fractionation process, and virucidal methods. to date, no data are available on the infectivity risk of plasma concentrates of the inhibitor of the first component of complement (c1-inh). | 1995 | 7878712 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i and type ii infections and correlation with risk factors in blood donors from são paulo, brazil. | little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for human t-lymphotropic virus type i and type ii (htlv-i, htlv-ii) infections in brazil. | 1995 | 7878720 |
| infectious disease markers in blood donors in northern thailand. | a major epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infections that are primarily due to heterosexual transmission has developed in thailand since 1988. the epidemic has been most severe in northern thailand. the blood banks in chiang mai began screening donors for hiv-1 antibodies in february 1988 and for p24 antigen in april 1992. | 1995 | 7878721 |
| gianotti-crosti syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | patients with gianotti-crosti syndrome (gcs) present with a distinctive self-limiting acral papular or papulovesicular eruption associated with an underlying viral illness. gianotti-crosti syndrome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus has not been previously reported. | 1994 | 7880219 |
| screening of fetal stem cells for infection and cytogenetic abnormalities. | fetal stem cell transplantation may rely on material from therapeutic abortions. it is essential that the stem cell transplant does not transmit any microorganisms that may affect the fetus and that genetically abnormal cells are avoided. to evaluate such contamination, human fetal stem cells collected february 1992 - december 1993 were analyzed for bacterial and fungal growth, and the placentas were karyotyped. four samples of 70 were positive for different pathogens. serological screening of 4 ... | 1994 | 7880430 |
| intrahepatic expression of hepatitis c virus antigens in chronic liver disease. | localization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigens was studied in fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue by immunoperoxidase using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid protein and polyclonal human immunoglobulin g purified from plasma containing antibodies to structural and non-structural antigens of hepatitis c virus. the results observed using monoclonal antibody to hcv core were similar to those of polyclonal igg against hcv antigens in the majority of cases and both c ... | 1995 | 7891230 |
| anti-gor in hepatitis d: specific association with hepatitis c virus superinfection. | a group of 113 patients with chronic hepatitis d was investigated for the presence of anti-gor and liver kidney microsomal antibodies. eight patients were anti-gor positive and also positive for hepatitis c virus-infection. in sera from 16 patients liver-kidney microsomal antibodies were detectable by immunofluorescence. they were classified as lkm-3 due to their fluorescence pattern. two of the lkm-3-positive sera were also anti-hepatitis c virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive. ... | 1994 | 7894050 |
| fetal tissue derived from spontaneous pregnancy losses is insufficient for human transplantation. | to determine if sufficient fetal tissue with desirable transplant characteristics can be obtained from spontaneous abortions. | 1995 | 7898844 |
| viral hepatitis. current concepts for dental practice. | the transmission of blood-borne viruses in the dental office is a potential hazard to patients and dental staff, particularly to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. hepatitis b virus has been a recognized hazard for several years, and in the past oral surgeons and other dental health care staff have been infected as a result of occupational exposure. hepatitis c virus in contrast does not appear to be a major occupational hazard to dental staff, nevertheless, infection with this virus can lead to s ... | 1994 | 7898904 |
| [transmission of hepatitis c viruses: certainties and hypotheses]. | since the identification of the hepatitis c virus in 1989, much progress has been made in understanding viral transmission. it is now known that the major route of contamination occurs via parenteral transmission (blood transfusion, injections, intravenous drug abuse, haemodialysis...). we are however less certain about sexual, mother-child, and person to person transmission. several cofactors have been suggested as influencing transmission including the stage of the disease, coinfection with th ... | 1995 | 7899341 |
| hepatitis in pregnancy. acog technical bulletin number 174--november 1992. | hepatitis a is an uncommon complication of pregnancy and is not associated with perinatal transmission. in contrast, hepatitis b virus infection is more common and clearly poses a serious risk to the household contacts and neonates of infected mothers. accordingly, all pregnant women should be tested for hepatitis b virus. universal vaccination of all neonates with hepatitis b vaccine is now recommended. infants delivered to seropositive mothers also should receive hbig immediately after birth. ... | 1993 | 7901073 |
| coexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and class i major histocompatibility complex antigens on hepatocyte membrane in chronic viral hepatitis. | to evaluate the role of hepatocyte expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. | 1993 | 7902850 |
| porphyria cutanea tarda in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection: it is related to hepatitis c virus infection? | | 1994 | 7910010 |
| transfusion-transmitted human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i infection in taiwan: a true risk and occasional coinfection with hepatitis c virus shown in a prospective study. | to study the incidence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) after blood transfusion in taiwan, serum samples from 699 patients in a prospective study were examined for seroreactivity of anti-htlv. by an enzyme immunoassay, 9 of the 699 recipients were repeatedly positive. serial serum samples of these 9 patients were then confirmed with a western blot analysis and with a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for htlv-i genome. four were already positive for anti-htlv before transfusion, 1 c ... | 1994 | 7913844 |
| tissue allografts and health risks. | like vascularized transplants, tissue allografts are able to transmit viral and bacterial diseases. transmission of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) and hcv (hepatitis c virus) has been proved for sterilized, unprocessed and deep-frozen allografts. it is the prime responsibility of the tissue bank to select the donor correctly and to perform careful biological screening. however, standard screening is not enough to detect a seronegative but contaminated donor. it is necessary to quarantine the ... | 1994 | 7914392 |
| detection of transfusion-associated hepatitis caused by non-a, non-b, non-c flavivirus. | sera of patients suffering from acute hepatitis, and different forms of chronic hepatitis were found to be reactive to reagents prepared from the yellow fever virus (yf) vaccine strain. serum samples of 1974 patients were tested, and 133 of them were positive. hepatitis c virus specific antibodies were absent from the majority of them. the frequency of antibodies to other flaviviruses (tick-borne encephalitis, west nile) and hepatitis b virus markers was similar to that measured among the popula ... | 1994 | 7921854 |
| transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis. | the incidence of sepsis caused by transfusion of bacterially contaminated blood components is similar to or less than that of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis c virus infection, yet significantly exceeds those currently estimated for transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency and hepatitis b viruses. outcomes are serious and may be fatal. in addition, transfusion of sterile allogenic blood can have generalized immunosuppressive effects on recipients, resulting in increased susceptibility to ... | 1994 | 7923050 |
| induction of the human gene for p44, a hepatitis-c-associated microtubular aggregate protein, by interferon-alpha/beta. | a hepatitis-c-associated microtubular aggregate protein, referred to as p44, has been identified as a cytoplasmic antigen in the hepatocytes of chimpanzees infected with hepatitis c virus. the production of p44 mrna is markedly induced in the liver of chimpanzees infected with hepatitis c or hepatitis d virus. to examine the mechanism of this induction, we isolated a genomic clone for the human p44 protein and analyzed its structure. the human p44 gene spans approximately 14 kbp of dna and consi ... | 1994 | 7925411 |
| viral hepatitis serological markers among pregnant women in caracas, venezuela: implication for perinatal transmission of hepatitis b and c. | viral hepatitis serological markers were analyzed in two groups of pregnant women residing in caracas from: 1) a maternity unit at the moment of delivery (106 sera, low income population), and 2) a private clinic during the third trimester of pregnancy (105 sera, medium-high economic class population). a higher percent positivity was observed in the maternity unit compared to the private clinic for hepatitis a virus (hav) as measured by anti-hav activity (96% vs 48%; p < 0.01%), for hepatitis b ... | 1994 | 7926616 |
| hepatitis c in hiv-infected patients with and without aids: prevalence and relationship to patient survival. | limited information is available about the prevalence of hepatitis c virus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in relation to specific risk factors or about the influence of hepatitis c virus coinfection on survival. this retrospective study addressed these questions. | 1994 | 7927246 |
| frequent reinfection and reactivation of hepatitis c virus genotypes in multitransfused hemophiliacs. | the frequency and dynamics of infection with different genotypes of hepatitis c virus were investigated in a cohort of hemophiliacs repeatedly exposed to non-virus-inactivated clotting factor. among 63 infected hemophiliacs, genotype 1 (n = 38, subtypes 1a [27] and 1b [11]) was predominant; genotypes 2a (n = 1), 2b (n = 3), 3a (n = 20), and 5a (n = 1) accounted for the remainder. this distribution was similar to that found in scottish blood donors from whom the infected blood products were manuf ... | 1994 | 7930698 |
| "silent" hepatitis b virus mutants are responsible for non-a, non-b, non-c, non-d, non-e hepatitis. | since the recent introduction of diagnostic kits for hepatitis c and e, some cases of non-a, non-b, non-c, non-d, non-e hepatitis (so-called hepatitis f) have been revealed. we attempted to demonstrate that so-called hepatitis f is caused by hepatitis b virus (hbv) variants. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify serum hbv dnas from 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 20 patients with chronic hepatitis who had been diagnosed as having so-called hepatitis f on the basis of conventio ... | 1994 | 7935046 |
| cap-dependent and cap-independent translation by internal initiation of mrnas in cell extracts prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | translation extracts were prepared from various strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the translation of mrna molecules in these extracts were cooperatively enhanced by the presence of 5'-terminal cap structures and 3'-terminal poly(a) sequences. these cooperative effects could not be observed in other translation systems such as those prepared from rabbit reticulocytes, wheat germ, and human hela cells. because the yeast translation system mimicked the effects of the cap structure and poly(a) ta ... | 1994 | 7935446 |
| [therapy update 1994]. | in carefully selected patients with viral hepatitis b, c (and d?), alpha-interferon (ifn) treatment is associated with a reduction of active viral replication. in chronic hepatitis b, hbeag clearance rates approximate 40%. about 25% of patients with chronic hepatitis c will profit from a long-lasting (six to twelve months) ifn therapy. treatment of chronic hepatitis d remains unsatisfactory, since only a minority of patients (less than 10%) finally will clear the virus, even if ifn is administer ... | 1994 | 7939058 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e and a viruses among patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease in taiwan. | the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease (cld) was assessed. | 1994 | 7939403 |
| [viral hepatitis a to e--diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy]. | viral causes of acute or chronic hepatitis are the hepatitis a virus [hav], the hepatitis b virus [hbv], the hepatitis c virus [hcv], the hepatitis delta virus [hdv], and the hepatitis e virus [hev]. these viruses haven been characterized in great detail and can be detected by specific and sensitive serological or molecular assays. while hav and hev cause only acute hepatitis, infection with hbv, hcv or hdv frequently takes a chronic course. with time chronic viral hepatitis can progress to live ... | 1994 | 7940409 |
| demographic characteristics and prevalence of serologic markers among donors who use the confidential unit exclusion process: the retrovirus epidemiology donor study. | most blood centers utilize a confidential unit exclusion (cue) process, intended to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated infectious diseases by allowing high-risk donors confidentially to exclude their blood from use for transfusion. the effectiveness of this method remains controversial. | 1994 | 7940658 |
| impact of de novo membranous glomerulonephritis on the clinical course after kidney transplantation. | besides rejection-induced transplant glomerulopathy de novo membranous glomerulonephritis (mgn) is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome after renal transplantation. we evaluated 1029 renal transplantations (271 without and 758 with cyclosporine treatment), performed on 848 patients between 1970 and 1992, which resulted in 872 functioning grafts. de novo mgn was seen in 30 biopsy specimens from 21 patients (about 2%), of whom 10 had received immunosuppressive treatment without and 11 wit ... | 1994 | 7940683 |
| influence of antibodies to the hypervariable region of e2/ns1 glycoprotein on the selective replication of hepatitis c virus in chimpanzees. | a human plasma (inoculum one) containing hepatitis c virus (hcv) was passaged through eight chimpanzees in three generations. of 10 hcv clones propagated from it, 7 were different in respect to the hypervariable region of e2/ns1 glycoprotein and they were named clones a, b, c, etc. a chimpanzee received inoculum one, and clone a accounted for 7 of the 10 clones from his acute-phase plasma (inoculum two). five chimpanzees received inoculum two, and clone a accounted for 5 to 9 of the 10 clones ea ... | 1994 | 7941335 |
| cryptogenic liver disease in the united states: further evidence for non-a, non-b, and non-c hepatitis. | since the advent of anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv)-testing, the current worldwide prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis is essentially unknown. | 1994 | 7942678 |
| role of fibronectin and complement in immunopathogenesis of acute and subacute hepatic failure. | the present study describes the plasma levels of soluble fibronectin (fn), c3d, the breakdown product of c3 complement and ba, the breakdown product of properdin factor b, in 30 patients of uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis (avh), 64 patients of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) and 29 patients of subacute hepatic failure (sahf) with different hepatitis viral infections. aetiological analysis of these patients demonstrated hepatitis b, hepatitis c and hepatitis non-a, non-b, non-c (nanb-nc) infe ... | 1994 | 7948818 |
| detection of interferon-alpha expression by pcr in patients with chronic hepatitis c and hepatitis non-a, non-b. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to examine expression of interferon-alpha (ifn a) genes in general and the expression of messenger rna (mrna) encoding the subtypes ifn-alpha-2 and ifn-alpha-4 in blood and liver biopsy samples from patients with chronic hepatitis c or hepatitis non-a, non-b (hc/hnanb) infection entered into a trial of ifn-alpha-2a therapy. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy controls and hc/hnanb infected patients were studied for their capacity to ... | 1994 | 7948820 |
| [hepatic carcinogenesis: prevalent role of hepatitis c virus?]. | | 1994 | 7958666 |
| [course of pregnancies complicated by viral hepatitis]. | it has been described that viral hepatitis is the most frequent cause of jaundice in the pregnant women. in this article we present clinical cases of hepatitis in pregnancy and review the new knowledge about the perinatal repercussion of this association. hepatitis a is rare in pregnant women and has not a significant perinatal risk. hepatitis b virus (hbv) can be transmitted from mother to child by transplacental way or at born. between 40 to 80 per cent of the children infected by this route w ... | 1994 | 7959147 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus replication in ovarian metastases of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common human cancers with an annual incidence of about 1,000,000 cases worldwide. although hepatocellular carcinoma is predominant in hepatitis b virus endemic areas, it has also become a major problem in europe, japan and north america in close association with the increasing incidence of hepatitis c virus infection. the pathogenetic role of hepatitis c virus infection in the development of hbsag-negative hepatocellular carcinoma needs to be clarified ... | 1994 | 7963421 |
| heterosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus and the possible role of coexistent human immunodeficiency virus infection in the index case. a multicentre study of 423 pairings. | to define the role that sexual transmission plays in the spread of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, and to examine the influence of coexistent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on this mode of transmission. | 1994 | 7964427 |
| multicycle infection of hepatitis c virus in cell culture and inhibition by alpha and beta interferons. | we previously reported that a clone of a human lymphocytic cell line, hpbma clone 10-2, supports the genome replication of hepatitis c virus (hcv). in the present study, the multicycle transmission of hcv from infected cells to new cells was demonstrated by coculture with drug-resistant cells as recipients; i.e., the system was proved productive for infectious hcv. inhibition of viral replication by alpha and beta interferons was observed. | 1994 | 7966635 |
| a statistical analysis of predictive factors of response to human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | to determine markers predictive of effective interferon treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, we studied 80 japanese patients treated for 6 months with natural interferon-alpha. | 1994 | 7977232 |
| role of fas ligand in apoptosis induced by hepatitis c virus infection. | to investigate the role that fas ligand plays in the apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by hepatitis c virus infection, we isolated a cdna clone for human fas ligand and examined the expression of fas ligand in liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis c. the amino acid sequence of human fas ligand showed 76% and 77% identity with those of rat and mouse fas ligand, respectively. when the expression of fas ligand transcripts was tested by reverse transcripti ... | 1994 | 7980502 |
| hepatitis in nursing homes. incidence and management strategies. | due to improved sanitation and prevention of parenterally transmitted diseases, a trend towards a decreasing incidence of acute viral hepatitis has been observed in several countries in the last years. these changes in epidemiology affect elderly people in different ways, especially if they are residents of homes for the aged. the decrease of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in childhood has resulted in less antibody protection during adulthood and old age. this in turn has led to an increased ... | 1994 | 7981488 |
| transfection of a differentiated human hepatoma cell line (huh7) with in vitro-transcribed hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna and establishment of a long-term culture persistently infected with hcv. | t7 rna polymerase transcripts of a putative full-length cdna clone of hepatitis c virus type 1 (hcv-1) were used to transfect a differentiated human hepatoma cell line, huh7. the transfected genome replicated in cells, as evidenced by the appearance of progeny hcv rna, detection of negative-strand viral rna, and incorporation of [3h]uridine into the viral genome. incubation of naive huh7 cells with conditioned medium from transfected cells resulted in a new hcv infection, suggesting the producti ... | 1995 | 7983724 |
| viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the more common internal malignancies worldwide and is responsible for over 1 million deaths annually. the causative relationship between chronic hepatitis b and hcc is now beyond doubt, and it is likely that the attributable risk of hcc due to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is similar to or greater than that for hepatitis b in some countries. the prospects for preventing hcc with the use of a vaccine against hbv appear excellent. until a vaccine again ... | 1994 | 7989095 |
| the duration of fixation influences the yield of hcv cdna-pcr products from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue. | the extent of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna loss during increasing periods of fixation of liver tissue in formalin was examined. for this purpose human liver tissue, known to be hcv rna positive and stored at -70 degrees c until use, was cut into small slices (n = 9), which were fixed in phosphate-buffered formalin for increasing periods of time before embedding in paraffin. nucleic acids were extracted from each slice of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue and hcv rna loss during fixat ... | 1994 | 7989443 |
| automated quantitative determination of hepatitis c virus viremia by reverse transcription-pcr. | an automated reverse transcription-pcr was developed for the quantitative detection of hepatitis c virus. the quantitation is based on the coamplification and labelling with digoxigenin-dutp during pcr of two similar templates, the viral genome and a modified rna which acts as a mimic target. known amounts of the mimic rna sequence were introduced into the clinical samples. the automated quantitation of the two coamplified and labelled products depends on the use of two biotinylated caputre prob ... | 1994 | 7989537 |
| epidemiology, pathogenesis, animal models, and treatment of sjögren's syndrome. | sjögren's syndrome is characterized by dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). although general agreement exists about the ocular features of sjögren's syndrome, significant controversy surrounds the classification criteria for defining the oral component. this has resulted in confusion in both the clinical and the research literature. the recent litigation involving silicone breast implants has forced clinicians to evaluate critically whether the condition of a particular patient f ... | 1994 | 7993708 |
| incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and cytomegalovirus among health care personnel at risk for blood exposure: final report from a longitudinal study. | in a 10-year dynamic cohort study, 976 health care providers were followed a mean of 1.9 years to evaluate the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission, delayed seroconversion, and seronegative latent infection following occupational exposures. the seroprevalence and incidence of hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection were also measured, with annual serologic testing for viruses and postexposure hiv tests. one of 327 percutaneous ... | 1994 | 7995979 |
| absence of precore stop mutant in chronic dual (b and c) and triple (b, c, and d) hepatitis virus infection. | sequences of hepatitis b virus (hbv) precore regions from 7 patients with hbv and hepatitis c virus (hcv) dual infection and 2 with hbv, hcv, and hepatitis d virus (hdv) triple infection were analyzed. two patients, 1 with only acute hbv infection and 1 with only chronic hbv infection, were also included for comparison. all patients had antibodies against hbv e antigen (anti-hbe) except 1 with chronic hepatitis b and c. no precore stop mutation at codon 28 (tgg to tag mutation) was found in 21 c ... | 1994 | 7995999 |
| correlation between hepatitis b viremia and the clinical and histological activity of chronic delta hepatitis. | to analyze the serological, clinical and histological significance of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication among a group of patients with chronic delta hepatitis (cdh), we have studied the clinical and the histological activity in 49 patients with cdh. the hbv-dna was analyzed by dot-blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). concomitant infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) was analyzed by reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr, hdv replication by dot-blot, and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infecti ... | 1994 | 7997189 |
| evolution of pathogenic viruses with special reference to the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. | for pathogenic viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human influenza a virus, and human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i), the evolutionary features were briefly reviewed with special reference to the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. in particular, these rates were discussed in connection with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. it was common to all the five pathogenic viruses that the rate of synonymo ... | 1994 | 7999369 |
| [possibilities of virus inactivation of pooled fresh plasma with tri-n-butylphosphate (tnbp) detergents (sd procedure)]. | treatment with tri-n-butyl-phosphate and detergent (sd-treatment) leads to efficient inactivation of viruses having a lipid enveloped surface, like hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus, that are presently the most transfusion relevant viruses in germany. other lipid enveloped viruses of the herpes group like cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus are inactivated as well. non-enveloped viruses like parvovirus b19 and picornaviruses are not inactivated by sd-treatm ... | 1994 | 8000260 |
| serum trace metals in chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in thailand. | this study was conducted to determine and compare serum trace metal levels in viral hepatitis-associated chronic liver disease. of 98 patients aged 43 (+/- 13) [mean (+/- sd)] years, 83 (85%) were seropositive for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and 15 (15%) were seropositive for anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv). twenty-five patients had chronic persistent hepatitis, 32 chronic active hepatitis, 21 post-necrotic cirrhosis, and 20 hepatocellular carcinoma. determination of fasting serum trace met ... | 1994 | 8000510 |
| serosurvey of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus infection among hospital-based surgeons. serosurvey study group. | because occupational blood contact places health-care workers at risk for infection with bloodborne pathogens, we wanted to estimate the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) among hospital-based surgeons and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. | 1995 | 8000651 |
| coinfection with hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in multiply transfused patients. | the prevalence, clinical manifestations and serological markers of hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections were studied in 112 multiply transfused patients (49 hemophiliacs receiving either nonheat-treated factor concentrates or cryoprecipitate, 33 thalassemic, 20 refractory anemia and 10 leukemia patients). positive serological markers for hcv, hbv and hiv were found to correlate with number of donors and duration of disease (logistic r ... | 1994 | 8002269 |
| clinical aspects of the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and the hepatotropic viruses. | the hepatitis viruses a through d are prevalent among patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the courses of hepatitis b, c, and d are modified by hiv infection. with hepatitis b, increased carriage rates, increased viral replication, and milder liver injury are seen. the degree of hiv-induced immunosuppression does not correlate well with liver injury or amount of hepatitis b viral replication. with progression to aids, surface antibody titers can decline, resulting i ... | 1994 | 8011813 |
| in vitro replication of hepatitis c virus in a human lymphoid cell line (h9) | | 1994 | 8014458 |
| establishment of a cell line from a hepatocellular carcinoma from a patient with hemochromatosis. | we describe the establishment and characterization of a novel hepatoma cell line. this cell line, designated rbhf-1, was established from a hepatocellular carcinoma of a 67-yr-old man with a history of genetic hemochromatosis. at this writing, the cells have been maintained in rpmi-1640 tissue-culture medium and fetal calf serum without any additional supplements for 30 mo. the cells form colonies on soft agar and are not tumorigenic in nude mice. the cell line is polymorphic and displays charac ... | 1994 | 8020907 |
| aids and hepatitis: a problem for the dental team. | the different types of viral hepatitis are briefly reviewed in relation to transmission during dental treatment, hepatitis b remaining the greatest threat to the dental team which is not immunised. the significance of hepatitis c for the dental profession is as yet undetermined. transmission of hiv in the dental practice may occur from patient to dentist, from patient to patient and from dentist to patient. epidemiological data show that none of these routes seems to be common. to date only five ... | 1994 | 8021033 |
| entire nucleotide sequence and characterization of a hepatitis c virus of genotype v/3a. | the entire nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome (nzl1) of genotype v/3a was determined from overlapping cdna clones obtained from a human carrier in new zealand. it comprised 9425 nucleotides (nt) including a 5'-untranslated region of 339 nt, a single large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3021 amino acids, a 3'-untranslated region of 23 nt, and 3'-terminal poly(u) stretches of variable lengths. the nzl1 genome was compared with 15 hcv isolates of other genotypes f ... | 1994 | 8021605 |