| the histopathogenesis of the nephrosis-nephritis syndrome. | chickens were infected with the australian t-strain of infectious bronchitis virus. histologically the disease started as a mild tracheo-bronchitis, accompanied by severe degenerative changes of the renal epithelia and marked inflammatory changes in the intertubular interstitium of renal cortex and medulla and in the propria and submucosa of the ureters and the main collecting ducts. there was a good correlation between the sequence of clinical signs and pathophysiological changes of the disease ... | 1974 | 18777251 |
| [differentiation of haemophilus strains isolated from chickens. iii. pathogenicity tests in chickens]. | pathogenicity tests of 6 isolates of the haemophilus-group i (h. paragallinarum) and 8 isolates of the haemophilus-group ii isolated from chickens in the federal german republic and one strain of h. parainfluenzae isolated from man were carried out in 6-week old spf-chickens. infectious coryza (coryza contagiosa gallinarum) could be produced in chickens with all strains of group i after experimental inoculation and by contact exposure. at necropsy 3 weeks post inoculation (p.i.) organisms of gro ... | 1975 | 18777310 |
| changes in the harderian gland of the chicken following conjunctival and intranasal infection with infectious bronchitis virus in one- and 20-day-old chickens. | three days after conjunctival and intranasal infection with ib vaccine virus a great increase in the number of plasma cells together with an increase in vascularization was observed in the stroma of the harderian gland of chickens vaccinated either at one day of age or 20 days old. from 7 days to 21 days after vaccination a pronounced formation of follicles occurred which were composed of lymphocytes. birds exposed to diluted allantoic fluid showed a limited increase of plasma cells only; follic ... | 1976 | 18777328 |
| observations on the effects of the h52 and h120 vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus in the domestic fowl. | the pathogenicity of h120 and h52 infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses was compared in one-day-old and 12-weeks-old chickens. both viruses produced moderate respiratory symptoms. both were also nephrotropic but whereas h52 was accompanied by gross and microscopic kidney changes, which probably accounted for the mortality which occurred, h120 produced no change in the kidney and no mortality. both viruses caused gross and microscopic changes in the bursa of fabricius. | 1976 | 18777342 |
| characterization and membrane gene-based phylogenetic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus chinese strain hh06. | a chinese isolate of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) designated hh06 was isolated from the kidney tissues of a chicken flock experiencing an outbreak of nephritis. in vivo pathogenicity of the ibv isolate hh06 was determined by inoculating specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens. the clinical signs and related gross lesions of hh06 infected chickens were similar with those of the field-infected chickens. spf embryonated eggs were inoculated with virus suspension for serial passage and thei ... | 2009 | 18792774 |
| pathogenicity of a qx strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the ma5 and 4/91 serotypes. | the aims of this study were firstly to evaluate the pathogenicity of an italian isolate of the qx strain of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus using 1-day-old female specific pathogen free chicks (layer type) and 1-day-old female commercial broiler type chickens, and secondly to assess the level of protection induced in these birds by a vaccination programme including the ib massachusetts and 4/91 serotype live attenuated vaccines. unvaccinated birds showed clinical signs of varying severity, pred ... | 2008 | 18798022 |
| the immunoreactivity of a chimeric multi-epitope dna vaccine against ibv in chickens. | epitope-based vaccines designed to induce cellular immune response and antibody responses specific for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are being developed as a means for increasing vaccine potency. in this study, we selected seven epitopes from the spike (s1), spike (s2), and nucleocapsid (n) protein and constructed a multi-epitope dna vaccine. the 7-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly with multi-epitope dna vaccine encapsulated by liposome and boosted two weeks later, and were cha ... | 2008 | 18840402 |
| transmissibility of infectious bronchitis virus h120 vaccine strain among broilers under experimental conditions. | the aim of this study was to quantify transmission of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) h120 vaccine strain among broilers, and to assess whether birds that have been exposed to vaccine strain-shedding birds were protected against clinical signs after infection with a virulent strain of the same serotype. a transmission experiment and a replicate were carried out, each with six groups of commercial broilers. at day of hatch (n = 30) or at 15 days of age (n = 20), half of each group was inoculate ... | 2008 | 18939636 |
| rt-pcr detection of avian coronaviruses of galliform birds (chicken, turkey, pheasant) and in a parrot. | of the many primer combinations that we have investigated for the detection of avian coronaviruses, two have worked better than any of the others: they worked with the largest number of strains/samples of a given coronavirus and the most species of avian coronavirus, and they also produced the most sensitive detection tests. the primer combinations were: oligonucleotide pair 2bp/4bm, which is in a region of gene 1 that is moderately conserved among all species of coronavirus (1); and utr11-/utr4 ... | 2008 | 19057865 |
| isolation and propagation of coronaviruses in embryonated eggs. | the embryonated egg is a complex structure comprising an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, yolk). the developing embryo and its membranes provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. within the family coronaviridae, the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two group 3 coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov), but it also has been sh ... | 2008 | 19057881 |
| infectious bronchitis virus induces acute interferon-gamma production through polyclonal stimulation of chicken leukocytes. | infectious bronchitis virus, a member of the coronaviridae, is a respiratory pathogen in poultry. we found that in vitro stimulation with ibv resulted in chifn-gamma production in splenocytes of both infected birds and uninfected birds. the non-specific stimulation did not occur when other avian viruses or other coronaviruses were used or when mammalian cells were stimulated with ibv. inactivation of ibv reduced chifn-gamma production, but chifn-gamma remained elevated compared to unstimulated c ... | 2009 | 19070879 |
| pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from ontario chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the important viral diseases of chickens, and in spite of regular vaccination, ib is a continuous problem in canadian poultry operations. in an earlier study using sentinel chickens we determined the incidence of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in ontario commercial layer flocks. the objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of 5 nonvaccine-related ibv isolates recovered from the sentinel birds. the clinical signs, gross, and histological l ... | 2008 | 19086372 |
| complete genomic sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus ark dpi strain and its evolution by recombination. | an infectious bronchitis virus arkansas dpi (ark dpi) virulent strain was sequenced, analyzed and compared with many different ibv strains and coronaviruses. the genome of ark dpi consists of 27,620 nucleotides, excluding poly (a) tail, and comprises ten open reading frames. comparative sequence analysis of ark dpi with other ibv strains shows striking similarity to the conn, gray, jmk, and ark 99, which were circulating during that time period. furthermore, comparison of the ark genome with oth ... | 2008 | 19102764 |
| comparative analysis of the sialic acid binding activity and the tropism for the respiratory epithelium of four different strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major pathogen in commercial poultry flocks. we recently demonstrated that sialic acid serves as a receptor determinant for ibv on the tracheal epithelium. here we compared the ibv strains beaudette, 4/91, italy02, and qx for their sialic acid-binding properties. we demonstrate that sialic acid binding is important for the infection of primary chicken kidney cells and the tracheal epithelium by all four strains. there were only slight differences betw ... | 2009 | 19156578 |
| backyard chicken flocks pose a disease risk for neotropic birds in costa rica. | pathogens of free-ranging chickens create a risk of disease for wild birds, some of which migrate to the united states, as well as potential economic losses for resource-poor farmers. free-roaming backyard chickens are commonly kept in shade-grown coffee plantations, habitats that attract large numbers of wild birds. the husbandry and pathogen prevalence of backyard chicken flocks in san luis, costa rica, were investigated. based on serologic evidence, newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngo ... | 2008 | 19166045 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in the chicken harderian gland and lachrymal fluid: viral load, infectivity, immune cell responses, and effects of viral immunodeficiency. | we compared detection of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) in tears and trachea of ibv-infected chickens and found that quantitative detection of ibv rna in tears is more sensitive than in tracheal homogenates. furthermore, we demonstrated that ibv contained in chicken lachrymal fluid is infectious and that tears of ibv-infected chickens can be used to infect naive chickens. we compared the immune responses to ibv in the harderian gland and cecal tonsils of immun ... | 2008 | 19166051 |
| effects of infectious bronchitis virus vaccine on the oviduct of hens. | in australia, currently, all pullets reared for egg production are vaccinated with live attenuated strains of infectious bronchitis virus. various vaccines and protocols to control this viral disease have been developed, although the severity of the disease varies from place to place and flock to flock. in the present trial, the effects of vaccine strains a3 and vic s on the oviduct of laying hens were assessed by histopathology, electron microscopy, serology and also by determining the presence ... | 2009 | 19174178 |
| turkey coronavirus is more closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus than to mammalian coronaviruses: a review. | turkey coronavirus (tcov) is the cause of an acute highly contagious enteric disease of turkeys. in recent years, tcov has been increasingly recognized in north america as an important pathogen of young turkeys, resulting in economic loss due to impaired growth and poor feed conversion. while the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tcov have been extensively studied, tcov remains one of the least characterized of the known coronaviruses. avian and mammalian coronaviruses have been subdivided into d ... | 2000 | 19184806 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus in experimentally infected chickens by an antigen-competitive elisa. | an antigen-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ag-c-elisa) was developed for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antigens, m41 strain, in tissues from experimentally infected chickens, or in allantoic fluid harvested from inoculated embryonated eggs. the detection limit of ibv in the ag-c-elisa was 10(4.1) median embryo infective doses (eid(50))/well. tracheal and lung samples from chickens vaccinated with 10(2.5) eid(50) of live attenuated infectious bronchitis (h120) ... | 2001 | 19184876 |
| a nomenclature for avian coronavirus isolates and the question of species status. | currently, there is no agreed naming system for isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), whose host is the domestic fowl (gallus gallus domesticus). a uniform, informative system for naming ibv isolates would be very helpful. furthermore, the desirability of a single naming system has become more important with the recent discoveries that coronaviruses with genome organizations and gene sequences very similar to those of ibv have been isolated from turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and pheasan ... | 2001 | 19184884 |
| infectious bronchitis virus vaccine interferes with the replication of avian pneumovirus vaccine in domestic fowl. | experiments were performed in chickens to ascertain whether application of infectious bronchitis (ib) h120 vaccine had an effect on the replication of an attenuated avian pneumovirus (apv) strain, using as indicators virus detection, humoral antibody responses and clinical protection against in vivo apv challenge. a preliminary experiment demonstrated that pharyngeal swabs were as efficient for recovery of apv as were buccal cavity swabs, and that either site was superior to swabbing the nasal c ... | 2001 | 19184905 |
| detection of a coronavirus from turkey poults in europe genetically related to infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. | intestinal contents of 13-day-old turkey poults in great britain were analysed as the birds showed stunting, unevenness and lameness, with 4% mortality. at post mortem examination, the main gross features were fluid caecal and intestinal contents. histological examination of tissues was largely unremarkable, apart from some sections that showed crypt dilation and flattened epithelia. negative contrast electron microscopy of caecal contents revealed virus particles, which in size and morphology h ... | 2001 | 19184921 |
| protection of chickens against renal damage caused by a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. | the ability of the infectious bronchitis (ib) ma5 and 4/91 live-attenuated vaccines to protect against kidney damage caused by a nephropathogenic strain of ib virus (b1648) was investigated. protection parameters considered were gross and microscopic renal pathology, and the use of a polymerase chain reaction to detect ib rna in kidney tissue. by each parameter, ma5 vaccine alone provided poor protection, but 4/91 alone or the combined program both protected well. | 2001 | 19184927 |
| safety and efficacy of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccines containing newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. | subunit vaccines containing haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus (ndv), formulated as water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions, were prepared. first, the suitable constituents of a w/o/w emulsion adjuvant were investigated with polyvalent vaccines using ndv, infectious bronchitis virus and haemophilus paragallinarum. the w/o/w emulsion adjuvant, composed of the antigen in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), liquid paraffin, squalene, diglyceryl monooleate, polyso ... | 2001 | 19184940 |
| sequence analysis of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strains of the massachusetts genotype in beijing. | the first 440 nucleotides of the s1 part of the spike protein (s) gene of three nephropathogenic infection bronchitis virus (ibv) strains (bj1, bj2 and bj3), isolated from three rural chicken farms of beijing with outbreaks of avian infectious bronchitis, were sequenced after reverse transcriptasenested polymerase chain reaction amplification. the sequence data were analyzed and compared with the standard ibv strains m41, beaudette, vaccine strain h120 and chinese vaccine strain d41. the three i ... | 2001 | 19184943 |
| immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain m41 in the proventriculus and nervous system of experimentally infected chicken embryos. | infectious bronchitis virus primarily induces a disease of the respiratory system, different ibv strains may show variable tissue tropisms and also affect the oviduct and the kidneys. proventriculitis was also associated with some new ibv strains. aim of this study was to investigate by immunohistochemistry (ihc) the tissue tropism of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain m41 in experimentally infected chicken embryos. | 2009 | 19196466 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in jordanian chickens: seroprevalence and detection. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry; it causes major economic losses to the poultry industry. this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in commercial chicken flocks in jordan. serum samples from 70 commercial chicken flocks (40 broilers, 18 layers, and 12 broiler breeders) free from respiratory disease were collected and screened for the presence of massachusetts-41 (m-41), d274, and 4/91 strain antig ... | 2009 | 19337618 |
| towards construction of viral vectors based on avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus for gene delivery and vaccine development. | manipulation of the coronavirus genome to accommodate and express foreign genes is an attractive approach for gene delivery and vaccine development. by using an infectious cloning system developed recently for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene, the firefly luciferase gene and several host and viral genes (eif3f, sars orf6, dengue virus 1 core protein gene) were inserted into various positions of the ibv genome, and the eff ... | 2009 | 19409420 |
| massachusetts live vaccination protects against a novel infectious bronchitis virus s1 genotype dmv/5642/06. | four infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates were recovered from commercial broiler chicken flocks located on the delmarva peninsula (east coast of the united states) in the spring of 2006. sequence analysis of the s1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein gene showed the four isolates were highly related to each other (> or = 99.6% nucleotide identity; > or = 98.9% amino acid identity). basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated the highest s1 amino acid identity of isolate dmv/5642/06, ... | 2009 | 19432014 |
| comparative analysis of the effect of glycyrrhizin diammonium and lithium chloride on infectious bronchitis virus infection in vitro. | the effects of glycyrrhizin diammonium (gd) and lithium chloride (licl) on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were investigated using cytopathic effect observation, plaque-reduction assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. the anti-viral effect of gd and licl on virus, on virus-infected cells or on cells pre-treated by both drugs was analysed, respectively. our results showed that gd had a direct antiviral activity, leading to complete inhibition of cell ... | 2009 | 19468938 |
| altered pathogenicity, immunogenicity, tissue tropism and 3'-7kb region sequence of an avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain after serial passage in embryos. | in this study, we attenuated a chinese lx4-type nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain, ck/ch/lhlj/04v, by serial passage in embryonated chicken eggs. based on sequence analysis of the 3'-7kb region, the ck/ch/lhlj/04v virus population contained subpopulations with a mixture of genetic mutants. the titers of the virus increased gradually during serial passage, but the replication capacity decreased in chickens. the virus was partially attenuated at passage 40 (p40) and p70, an ... | 2009 | 19523910 |
| coadministration of chicken gm-csf with a dna vaccine expressing infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 glycoprotein enhances the specific immune response and protects against ibv infection. | various approaches have been developed to improve the efficacy of dna vaccination, such as the use of plasmids expressing cytokines as molecular adjuvants. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether co-administration of a plasmid containing a chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) gene and a plasmid containing the s1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) could enhance the immune response and protection efficacy in chickens against challenge by virule ... | 2009 | 19543689 |
| the protective immune response against infectious bronchitis virus induced by multi-epitope based peptide vaccines. | peptide vaccine was found to be an effective and powerful approach to a variety of pathogens. to explore multi-epitope based peptide vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the immunogenic peptides were fused to the 3' terminal of glutathione s transferase gene (gst) and expressed in escherichia coli. elisa and western blot analysis showed that the purified fusion proteins had excellent immune activity with chicken anti-ibv serum. during the vaccination course, the candidate peptide ... | 2009 | 19584555 |
| genetically diverse coronaviruses in wild bird populations of northern england. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes a costly respiratory viral disease of chickens. the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ibv is poorly understood. we detected diverse coronaviruses by pcr in wildfowl and wading birds in england. sequence analysis showed some viruses to be related to ibv. | 2009 | 19624927 |
| characterization of a new genotype and serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in western africa. | between 2002 and 2007, more than 1000 chickens from commercial farms, live bird markets and backyard farms in nigeria and niger were tested for the presence of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genome. phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of the spike 1 (s1) gene revealed a new genotype of ibv that we refer to as 'ibadan'. the minimum genetic distance to the closest 'non-ibadan' strains (uk/7/93 at the nucleotide level; h120 and m41 at the amino acid level) reached 24 and 32 % at t ... | 2009 | 19625463 |
| cpg oligodeoxynucleotides activate innate immune response that suppresses infectious bronchitis virus replication in chicken embryos. | the understanding of innate immune modulation by pathogens and immune-modulating agents, including synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns), has offered several new approaches to improve prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases in humans and animals. however, in this regard not much work has been done in avian medicine. in the present study, we analyzed the kinetics of interferon (ifn), cytokine, and chemokine mrna expression in chicken embryonic spleen at 6 hr, 24 h ... | 2009 | 19630234 |
| serological studies of infectious bronchitis vaccines against japanese field isolates of homologous and heterologous genotypes. | the genetic diversity of the partial s1 gene involving the hyper variable region for infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine strains in japan were compared with those of ib virus isolated from the field in japan. field isolates have mainly been classified into three major genotypes, jp-i, jp-ii and jp-iii, since 2003; however, the 4/91 genotype was detected from recent field isolates in japan. the virus neutralization (vn) activity with vaccine immunized serum was investigated to evaluate the protect ... | 2009 | 19652475 |
| development of a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens, and comparison of rt-pcr and virus isolation. | a sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is of great importance. in this study the development of a real-time taqman rt-pcr targeting the highly conserved nucleocapsid (n) gene of ibv and including an internal pcr control is described. the assay was specific for ibv and did not detect other avian pathogens, including turkey coronaviruses. a comparative limit of detection was determined for m41, an embryo-adapted strain, and is/885/00, a poorly embryo ... | 2010 | 19781572 |
| protection of chickens against infectious bronchitis by a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing ibv-s1 and chicken ifngamma. | a fowlpox virus expressing the chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 gene of the lx4 strain (rfpv-ibvs1) and a fowlpox virus co-expressing the s1 gene and the chicken type ii interferon gene (rfpv-ibvs1-chifngamma) were constructed. these viruses were assessed for their immunological efficacy on specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens challenged with a virulent ibv. although the antibody levels in the rfpv-ibvs1-chifngamma-vaccinated group were lower than those in the attenuated live ib vac ... | 2009 | 19786144 |
| the infection of primary avian tracheal epithelial cells with infectious bronchitis virus. | here we introduce a culture system for the isolation, passaging and amplification of avian tracheal epithelial (ate) cells. the ate medium, which contains chicken embryo extract and fetal bovine serum, supports the growth of ciliated cells, goblet cells and basal cells from chicken tracheas on fibronectin- or matrigel-coated dishes. non-epithelial cells make up less than 10% of the total population. we further show that ate cells support the replication and spread of infectious bronchitis virus ... | 2010 | 19793537 |
| vaccine efficacy against ontario isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an economically important viral disease with worldwide distribution. every country with an intensive poultry industry has infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the virus rapidly spreads from bird to bird through horizontal transmission by aerosol or ingestion. sentinel bird studies were carried out in southern ontario and ibv has been isolated from layer flocks. genetic analysis of the s1 region of the strains showed that they were not vaccine related. the pathogenicit ... | 2009 | 19794894 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of infectious bronchitis virus in infected chicken tissues. | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay targeting the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was developed. the detection limits for the ibv rt-lamp assay were 10(1) 50% egg infection dose (eid(50)) per 50 microl of titrated viruses and no cross-reaction of ibv rt-lamp was found when tested with other viruses including newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), and infectious laryngotrachietis virus (iltv) due to the ... | 2010 | 19835950 |
| detection and molecular characterization of gene 3 and 5 of turkey coronavirus from turkeys with severe enteritis in brazil. | turkey coronavirus (tcov) is a causative agent associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (pems) in turkeys worldwide. the disease is an acute, highly contagious enteric disease that is characterized by depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and high mortality in commercial turkey flocks. the presence of tcov in 12 intestinal-content samples, from turkey flocks aged between 10 and 104 days and exhibiting severe enteritis, was monitored during the period of 2004 to 2006. tcov detection was a ... | 2009 | 19848072 |
| identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope in the m protein of avian infectious bronchitis coronaviruses. | this report describes the identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope at the c-terminus of the membrane (m) protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). a monoclonal antibody (mab) (designated as 15e2) against the ibv m protein was prepared and a series of 14 partially-overlapping fragments of the ibv m gene were expressed with a gst tag. these peptides were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blotting analysis using mab 15e2 to identify the epitope. a l ... | 2009 | 19851732 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of avian influenza viruses and other poultry respiratory pathogens. | a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (mrt-pcr) was developed and standardized for the detection of type a influenza viruses, avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype h7, h9, and h5 hemagglutinin gene with simultaneous detection of 3 other poultry respiratory pathogens, newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). seven sets of specific oligonucleotide primers were used in this study for the m gene of aiv and hemagglutinin gene of su ... | 2009 | 19903950 |
| pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new variant of korean nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. | despite the existence of an active vaccination program, recently emerged strains of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in korea have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry. in this study, we assessed the pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of a k-iib type field strain of ibv that emerged in korea since 2003, such as kr/q43/06. specific pathogen free 1-week-old chickens exhibited severe respiratory symptoms (dyspnea) and nephropathogenic lesions (swollen k ... | 2009 | 19934604 |
| effect of a live mycoplasma synoviae vaccine on the production of eggshell apex abnormalities induced by a m. synoviae infection preceded by an infection with infectious bronchitis virus d1466. | an experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of a live mycoplasma synoviae vaccine (vaxsafe ms; bioproperties pty ltd, ringwood, victoria, australia) on m. synoviae-induced eggshell apex abnormalities (eaa). four experimental groups of specified-pathogen-free white laying hens were made. all groups were inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus d1466 at 18 weeks of age. one group did not receive further treatment (non-vaccinated non-challenged (nvnc)). two groups were vaccinated at ... | 2009 | 19937520 |
| comparison of the pathogenicity of qx-like, m41 and 793/b infectious bronchitis strains from different pathological conditions. | five qx-like infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains, isolated from different field outbreaks and two reference ibv strains of known serotypes (m41 and 793/b), were used in the present study to investigate and compare their pathogenicity for 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens. the ability of the strains to inhibit trachea epithelium ciliary activity, to induce immune response, to replicate and to cause histopathological lesions in designated organs was followed by repeated samplings dur ... | 2009 | 19937534 |
| emergence of a group 3 coronavirus through recombination. | analyses of turkey coronavirus (tcov), an enteric disease virus that is highly similar to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an upper-respiratory tract disease virus in chickens, were conducted to determine the adaptive potential, and genetic changes associated with emergence of this group 3 coronavirus. strains of tcov that were pathogenic in poults and nonpathogenic in chickens did not adapt to cause disease in chickens. comparative genomics revealed two recombination sites that replaced the sp ... | 2010 | 20022075 |
| isolation and genetic analysis revealed no predominant new strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus circulating in south china during 2004-2008. | twenty-seven strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from dead or diseased chickens at different chicken farms in south china during 2004-2008, of which the s1 gene was sequenced. phylogenetic analysis of the s1 gene sequences of the isolated 27 strains together with 29 strains published in genbank revealed that all ibv strains except for one isolated and one published were clustered into six distinct genotypes i-vi. 26 isolated strains belong to genotypes i, ii, and iii ... | 2010 | 20022714 |
| multivalent dna vaccine enhanced protection efficacy against infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | for efficacious dna vaccine development against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the immunogenicity of a multivalent dna vaccine was evaluated. three expression plasmids each targeting spike protein (s1), nucleocapsid protein (n), and membrane protein (m) of ibv were prepared. chickens were immunized with either individual plasmids (monovalent) or with a combination of all plasmids (multivalent). immunization with the multivalent dna vaccine induced synergistic augmentation of humoral and cell ... | 2009 | 20046025 |
| classification of ibv s1 genotypes by direct reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and relationship between serotypes and genotypes of strains isolated between 1998 and 2008 in japan. | in this study, we attempted to establish a simple detection method for classification of ibv s1 genotypes by direct reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). then, to evaluate the usefulness of the s1 genotype-specific rt-pcr, we examined the relationship between s1 genotypes and serotypes of ibv in japan. sequencing of the s1 genes of ibv and phylogenetic tree analysis were conducted. on the basis of the sequencing data of the s1 genotype samples, we determined primer sets speci ... | 2010 | 20093802 |
| characteristics of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from california. | an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (ibd) in two california layer flocks resulted in the isolation of two infectious bursal disease viruses designated ra and rb. increased mortality plus gross and histopathology in the layer flocks suggested ra and rb could be very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). preliminary studies indicated that high mortality resulted when bursa homogenates from the layer farms were used to inoculate specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks. in addition, ra ... | 2009 | 20095162 |
| avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus susceptibility to botanical oleoresins and essential oils in vitro and in vivo. | anti-coronaviral activity of a mixture of oleoresins and essential oils from botanicals, designated qr448(a), was examined in vitro and in vivo. treatment of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with qr448(a) reduced the virus titer as measured in two laboratory host systems, vero e6 cells and embryonating eggs. the effect of qr448(a) on ibv in chickens was also investigated. administering qr448(a) to chickens at a 1:20 dilution by spray, 2h before challenge with ibv was determined to be the ... | 2010 | 20096315 |
| characterization of a novel live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine candidate derived from a korean nephropathogenic strain. | a nephropathogenic k2/01 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was attenuated by 170 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs for possible use as a future ibv vaccine strain. high-growth properties and narrow tissue tropisms (limited replication in respiratory tracts) were achieved by the adaptation process. unlike the parent strain, the attenuated strain (k2p170) was safe in day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks since replication of the virus did not induce mortality and nephritis, and ... | 2010 | 20153350 |
| identification of intertypic recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses from slaughtered chickens. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a major threat to the global poultry industry. new ibv geno- and serotypes are continually reported. however, information on ibv prevalence is not frequently addressed in these reports. this study reports on a viral surveillance program in taiwan from 2005 to 2006 with sampling conducted in poultry slaughterhouses. the genetic features of the obtained field isolates were investigated using sequence analysis and simplot analysis. a 1-direc ... | 2010 | 20181858 |
| swine intestine antimicrobial peptides inhibit infectious bronchitis virus infectivity in chick embryos. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the causative agent of infectious bronchitis, results in respiratory disease, nephritis, and poor egg production and quality in chicken. antimicrobial peptides possess potent antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising therapeutic alternatives in the fight against microorganisms. to assess the in vitro antiviral activity of swine intestine antimicrobial peptides (siamp) against ibv, 45 chick embryos were randomly assigned into 3 groups, 15 for each g ... | 2010 | 20181861 |
| a simple and rapid strip test for detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a simple gold-immunochromatographic assay (gica) based on indirect reaction format was developed for rapid detection of antibodies against avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the detection time of ibv igg by the gica was less than 10 min, whereas the hi test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) require 1-2 hr. reference sera against newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza virus h5 and h9 subtypes were all negatives for anti-ibv antibodies using the g ... | 2010 | 20215721 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a replication-defective infectious bronchitis virus vaccine using an adenovirus vector and administered in ovo. | in ovo vaccination remains an attractive option for a cost effective, uniform and mass application of vaccines for commercial poultry. however, the vaccines which can be delivered safely by this method are limited and there is no currently licensed embryo-safe vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). in this study, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv (rad-s1) was constructed and the immune responses and protective efficacy against homologous challeng ... | 2010 | 20219540 |
| priming with a dna vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine enhance the immune response against infectious bronchitis virus. | the methods of repeated immunization with inactivated vaccines have been used widely to increase antibody protection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). however, compared with dna vaccines, these methods usually induce poor cellular responses. in the present study, specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were immunized intramuscularly with a dna vaccine carrying the main ibv structural genes (pvax1-s1, pvax1-m, and pvax1-n, respectively) and boosted with the ibv m41 strain inactivated vacci ... | 2010 | 20307574 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of pcr methods for the detection of extraneous agents and comparison with in vivo testing. | in this study the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), avian influenza virus (aiv) and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was compared to the sensitivity of the corresponding serological tests described in the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.). for this purpose, serial 10-fold dilutions of the respective inactivated vaccines were prepared and groups of spf chickens were vaccinated with a double dose ... | 2010 | 20338784 |
| development, standardization and assessment of pcr systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. | the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (ivmps) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. nucleic acid testing (nat) is fast, highly sensitive and has a h ... | 2010 | 20338785 |
| a protein chip designed to differentiate visually antibodies in chickens which were infected by four different viruses. | this study aimed to develop a visual protein chip that can differentiate the antibodies induced by avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus, simultaneously. proteins from the four viruses were purified and spotted onto an aldehyde group-modified glass slide at 2mg/ml. after that, the protein chip was reacted with the corresponding positive serum against these viruses, hybridized with a colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibod ... | 2010 | 20362004 |
| a novel b-cell epitope of avian infectious bronchitis virus n protein. | this report describes the identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope at the n-terminus of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid (n) protein. a monoclonal antibody designated 2d2 was prepared against the ibv n protein, and a series of 23 partially overlapping, tagged fragments of the ibv n gene were expressed. these peptides and five heterogeneous ibv strains were used to identify the epitope recognized by 2d2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blo ... | 2010 | 20373999 |
| efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus vaccinations in the field: association between the alpha-ibv igm response, protection and vaccine application parameters. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is, in spite of vaccination, still a major cause of respiratory problems in broilers and of poor egg production in breeders and layers in many parts of the world. a possible cause of the insufficient protection induced by vaccination is an inadequate application of the vaccine. this paper reports the results of two field studies. in the first, the results of the alpha-ibv igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) on post-vaccination sera were compared with t ... | 2010 | 20390547 |
| induction of eggshell apex abnormalities in broiler breeder hens. | recently, the causal relationship between eggshell apex abnormalities (eaa) and mycoplasma synoviae was described. this eggshell pathology has only been documented in table egg layers both spontaneously and experimentally infected with m. synoviae, suggesting that meat-type layers are less prone to this condition. in this study the susceptibility of specified pathogen free (spf) broiler breeder hens to produce eggs with eaa after m. synoviae infection was assessed. five groups of 12 hens each we ... | 2010 | 20390548 |
| immune response of aa broilers to ibv h120 vaccine and sodium new houttuyfonate. | in this report, 120 healthy one-day-old aa broilers were divided into six groups. groups 1-4 received 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of sodium new houttuyfonate (snh) with ib vaccine h120 respectively. group 5 received pbs and h120 and group 6 il-2 and h120. the chickens were inoculated at 7 and 14 days of age. on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post first vaccination, the dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine assays and serum antibody titers were assayed respectively by mtt metho ... | 2010 | 20451228 |
| proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles. | abstract: | 2010 | 20534109 |
| differential sensitivity of well-differentiated avian respiratory epithelial cells to infection by different strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an avian coronavirus affecting the respiratory tract of chickens. to analyze ibv infection of the lower respiratory tract, we applied a technique that uses precision-cut lung slices (pclss). this method allows infection of bronchial cells within their natural tissue composition under in vitro conditions. we demonstrate that ibv strains 4/91, italy02, and qx infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells of the bronchial epithelium, whereas cells of the parabronchi ... | 2010 | 20538853 |
| genetic analysis revealed lx4 genotype strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus became predominant in recent years in sichuan area, china. | between 2008 and 2010, 19 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from the vaccinated chicken flocks in sichuan province, china. the s1 genes of the isolates were amplified and sequenced. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 19 isolates and 37 reference ibv strains can be grouped into eight genotypes. although ibvs of taiwan-i type, massachusetts type, and proventriculitis type were isolated, but most isolates were lx4 genotype. homology analysis of the sequences of s1 gene ... | 2010 | 20556502 |
| comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of qx-like, massachusetts and 793/b serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens. | the aim of this study was to compare experimentally the pathogenicity and tissue distribution of the recently emerged qx-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with the widespread m41 and 793/b serotypes of the virus. histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were employed to define the main sites of virus replication. one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five different qx-like strains, or with the m41 and 793/b ibv strains and monitored for 42 days ... | 2010 | 20570279 |
| [expression and biological function analysis of chicken aminopeptidase n]. | to clone and express the gene encoding chicken aminopeptidase n (chapn), and analysis the biological function of chapn expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli). the chapn gene was amplified by rt-pcr from the kidney cells of chicken embryo and then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pcold-tf. recombinant expression plasmid of pcold-tf-chapn was constructed and then transformed into the competent e. coli bl21(de3) cells for expression under different conditions such as induction time an ... | 2010 | 20575434 |
| host intraspatial selection of infectious bronchitis virus populations. | arkansas (ark)-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) subpopulations with an s gene sequence distinct from the vaccine predominant consensus were previously found in the upper respiratory tract of chickens within 3 days after inoculation. this finding indicated that a distinct virus subpopulation was rapidly positively selected by the chicken upper respiratory tract. we hypothesized that during host invasion, the replicating ibv population further changes as it confronts the distinct environment ... | 2010 | 20608523 |
| treatment of eggshell abnormalities and reduced egg production caused by mycoplasma synoviae infection. | eggshell abnormalities were seen in the apex of eggs in two of three flocks of multi-age, hy-line layer chickens housed on a farm in northern italy. approximately 1.3% to 1.8% of eggs in one flock were affected, amounting to 300-400 eggs per day; the abnormalities resulted in a great deal of breakage and spoilage of healthy eggs. the mean weight of eggs was also reduced. egg abnormalities in a second flock were less severe. mycoplasma synoviae was detected in birds from both of the affected floc ... | 2010 | 20608549 |
| forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. | forsythoside a is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of forsythia suspensa vahl. which is widely used as an antiinflammatory agent in traditional chinese medicine. in the present study, the effects of forsythoside a on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus were assessed. a real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr assay was used to determine mrna content of ibv n gene. the pretreatment of cells with forsythoside a, adding forsythoside a post infection of cells, and treatment of ... | 2011 | 20677175 |
| [avian infectious bronchitis disease in tunisia: seroprevalence, pathogenicity and compatibility studies of vaccine-field isolates]. | a sero-epidemiological study was carried out on 5660 sera collected, between 2006 and 2008, from different flocks in different regions of the country. the elisa results showed low levels of antibodies indicating vaccination failures. 45 to 69% of the flocks showed positive levels of antibodies and only 5 to 15% of these were protected. the pathogenicity studies of the tunisian field isolates tn20/00 and tn335/01 demonstrated high clinical and lesion scores indicating the pathogenic effect of the ... | 2009 | 20707223 |
| elucidation of the avian nucleolar proteome by quantitative proteomics using silac and changes in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear compartment involved in ribosome subunit biogenesis, regulation of cell stress and modulation of cellular growth and the cell cycle, among other functions. the nucleolus is composed of complex protein/protein and protein/rna interactions. it is a target of virus infection with many viral proteins being shown to localize to the nucleolus during infection. perturbations to the structure of the nucleolus and its proteome have been predicted to play a role in bo ... | 2010 | 20827733 |
| a 15-year analysis of molecular epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | a comprehensive study of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in china was carried out by molecular characterization of the s1 gene from 46 isolates obtained for this study and 174 reference strains isolated over a 15-year period. nine types were found according to sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the s1 gene. the co-circulation of multiple ibv types and the ongoing emergence of ibv variants are the epidemiological challenges in china. factors contri ... | 2011 | 20833270 |
| molecular analysis of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in slovenia between 1990 and 2005: a retrospective study. | fifteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) isolated from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in slovenia between 1990 and 2005 were molecularly characterised. ibv strains were divided into four genotypes by the analysis of the s1 gene region. four strains belonged to the massachusetts genotype, one strain was placed into the qx genotype, one strain formed a cluster together with the b1648 strain and nine strains were classified into the 624/i genotype. nine slovenian strains of the 624/i genotyp ... | 2010 | 20844944 |
| protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (s1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes tremendous economic losses associated with production inefficiencies and mortality in poultry industry worldwide. in the present report, the recombinant adenoviruses expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv were constructed and characterized. then, the immunological efficacy and protection against homologous ibv challenge were assessed in specific pathogen free (spf) chickens. the res ... | 2011 | 20850939 |
| detection of avian nephritis virus in australian chicken flocks. | avian nephritis virus (anv) is thought to infect poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed case has been reported in australia. the first such case is described in this study. cases of young chickens with clinical signs of dehydration and diarrhea were submitted to our laboratory and histopathology detected interstitial nephritis. vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus were detected in some of these cases but were not considered to be the causative agent. a total of seven fresh submissi ... | 2010 | 20945778 |
| construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant fowlpox vaccine coexpressing s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus and chicken il-18. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a major threat to the chicken industry worldwide. in this study, we developed a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccine expressing the ibv s1 gene and chicken interleukin-18 gene (il-18), rfpv-s1/il18. recombinant plasmid psy-s1/il18 was constructed by cloning chicken il-18 into fowlpox virus transfer plasmid containing s1 gene and transfected into the chicken embryo fibroblasts cell pre-infected with s-fpv-017 to generate rfpv-s1/il18. expression of the ... | 2010 | 20951182 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of coronaviruses in wild birds from the bering strait area (beringia). | coronaviruses (covs) can cause mild to severe disease in humans and animals, their host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and they are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to gamma-coronaviruses and causes a costly respiratory viral disease in chickens. the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ibv is poorly understood. in the present study, we examined 1,002 cloacal and faecal sam ... | 2010 | 21060827 |
| a type-specific blocking elisa for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus antibody. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection has been a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide. current commercially available elisa kits detect group-specific antibodies; however, to understand the status of field infection, a monoclonal antibody (mab) blocking elisa (b-elisa) against local ibvs was developed. the selected mab showed specificity to taiwan ibv strains but had no cross-reactivity with the vaccine strain h120. using the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test as a standard, t ... | 2010 | 21192982 |
| evaluation of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene and chicken interferon-γ gene for immune protection against heterologous strains. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv-ifnγs1) that co-expressed the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 gene and the chicken interferon-γ gene has been constructed. to evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine against heterotypic ibv strains, 60 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were inoculated with this vaccine and 3 weeks post inoculation challenged with the homotypic ibv strain lx4 and the heterotypic ibv strains lhb, lhlj04xi, ltj95i and lsc99i. antibodies ag ... | 2011 | 21216313 |
| an emerging recombinant cluster of nephropathogenic strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in korea. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is continuously evolving through point mutation and recombination of their genome, subsequently the emergence of ibv variants complicates disease control. the objective of this study was to investigate genetic characterization of new ibv variants isolated from commercial chicken flocks in korea collected between 2005 and 2010. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all new ibv isolates belonged to korean group ii (k-ii), which included the nephropathogenic ibv ... | 2011 | 21255688 |
| qx-type infectious bronchitis virus in commercial flocks in the uk. | | 2010 | 21262653 |
| genotyping of newly isolated infectious bronchitis virus isolates from northeastern georgia. | sixteen infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates obtained from vaccinated commercial broiler chickens showing clinical respiratory disease were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the s1 spike glycoprotein gene. the genetic relationship among these variants and reference strains was determined by phylogenetic analysis and use of the basic local alignment search tool. all the isolates formed a distinct phylo ... | 2010 | 21313832 |
| genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated from domestic chicken flocks and coronaviruses from feral pigeons in brazil between 2003 and 2009. | to detect the presence of infectious bronchitis virus or avian coronavirus, a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) method was developed with the aim of amplifying a fragment of 530 bases, comprising the gene coding s1 protein. in the first step, all samples were submitted to rna extraction, rt-pcr, and nested pcr. next, only the positive nested-pcr samples were propagated in specific-pathogen-free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation. positive samples were then sequenced and a ... | 2010 | 21313839 |
| protection induced by infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines alone and combined with newcastle disease virus and/or infectious bronchitis virus vaccines. | two types of live attenuated vaccines have been used worldwide for the control of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv): 1) chicken embryo origin (ceo) vaccines; and 2) tissue culture origin vaccines (tco). however, the disease persists in spite of extensive use of vaccination, particularly in areas of intense broiler production. among the factors that may influence the efficiency of iltv live attenuated vaccines is a possible interference of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bron ... | 2010 | 21313841 |
| phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in china, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by massachusetts serotype h120 vaccine against qx-like strains. | seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were obtained from different field outbreaks in china in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. four genotypes of ibv and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and blast searches of the entire s1 gene. the results showed that most ibv strains that have circulated in china in recent years belong to the genotype of qx-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of t ... | 2011 | 21331947 |
| efficacy and safety of an attenuated live qx-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a vaccine for chickens. | the attenuation of infectious bronchitis (ib) qx-like virus strain l1148 is described. the virus was passaged multiple times in embryonated specific pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs, and at different passage levels samples were tested for safety for the respiratory tract and kidneys in 1-day-old spf chickens. there was a clear decrease in pathogenicity for the respiratory tract and kidneys when the virus had undergone a large number of passages. passage level 80 was investigated for safety for t ... | 2011 | 21331953 |
| development and immunogenicity of recombinant gapa(+) mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-s1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a major pathogen of poultry that causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of mg in several countries. the efficacy of this vaccine is highly dose dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. to improve the functionality of the vaccine and investigate its potential as a delivery vector for foreign antigens and immunomodulatory proteins, we developed a d ... | 2011 | 21354248 |
| proteomic analysis of chicken embryonic trachea and kidney tissues after infection in ovo by avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | | 2011 | 21385394 |
| histopathological and immunohistochemical study of air sac lesions induced by two strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious respiratory coronavirus of domestic chickens. although mortality is low, infection with ibv results in substantial losses for the egg and meat chicken industries. despite the economic importance of ibv and decades of research into the pathogenesis of infection, significant gaps in our knowledge exist. the aim of this study was to compare the early progression of air sac lesions in birds receiving a vaccine strain of the virus or a more vir ... | 2011 | 21420689 |
| [expression of green fluorescent protein using an infectious cdna clone of infectious bronchitis virus]. | an infectious cdna clone of h120 vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was constructed to demonstrate its potential as a gene transfer vector. primers were designed according to the published genome sequence of h120 strain, and ten cdna fragments covering the entire genome of h120 strain was amplified by rt-pcr. all the pcr products were ligated into pmd19-t vector and sequenced, and the orf5a open reading frame in the pmdtm9 plasmid was replaced by an enhanced green fluorescent pr ... | 2011 | 21462501 |
| isolation and characterization of peacock chlamydophila psittaci infection in china. | the objective of this study was to isolate and identify suspected pathogens from peacocks and peacock farmers with severe pneumonia and to investigate its potential association with peacocks' pneumonia, caused by chlamydophila psittaci infection. a clinical examination of infected peacocks identified birds with symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, yellowish droppings, airsacculitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, whereas the infected farmers showed high fever and respiratory distress. immunofluore ... | 2011 | 21500640 |
| circulation of infectious bronchitis virus strains from italy 02 and qx genotypes in slovenia between 2007 and 2009. | fourteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) detected in broiler, broiler breeder, and layer flocks in slovenia between 2007 and 2009 were molecularly analyzed by reverse transcription-pcr and direct sequencing of the s1 gene. phylogenetic analyses based on partial s1 gene sequences revealed that seven strains were classified as the italy 02 genotype, a genetic group of ibv that has not previously been detected in slovenia. another seven strains were classified as the qx genotype. the results o ... | 2011 | 21500655 |
| phylogenetic distribution and predominant genotype of the avian infectious bronchitis virus in china during 2008-2009. | abstract: | 2011 | 21510909 |
| attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the full-length genomes of 11 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates from three different types of the virus; massachusetts (mass), connecticut (conn) and california (cal) isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the mutation rates and level of polymorphisms across the genome. positive selection was not detected and mutation rates ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-6)substitutions/site/year for mass and conn ibv types where attenuated live ... | 2011 | 21539870 |