| bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen of bulls and the risk of transmission: a brief review. | outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infections in artificial insemination centres can run a clinical or subclinical course. clinical signs vary from mild to severe balanoposthitis and may be associated with a decrease in semen quality. after intranasal as well as intrapreputial infection, bhv1 can replicate in the preputial and penile mucosae, although the pattern of virus shedding in semen differs considerably per individual bull. beyond the primary phase of a genital infection, bhv1 remai ... | 1995 | 7610554 |
| sequence characteristics of a gene in infectious laryngotracheitis virus homologous to glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus. | an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv, gallid herpesvirus 1) gene homologous to glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was identified and characterized by its nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence. the iltv gd gene is located in the unique short region (u(s)) and contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 380 amino acids, including n- and c- terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and anchor regions respectively, and no potential sites for ... | 1995 | 7612933 |
| diagnosis of encephalitic bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) infection in cattle: virus isolation and immunohistochemical detection of antigen in formalin-fixed bovine brain tissues. | | 1995 | 7619909 |
| the use of a non-specific defence mechanism inducer in calves exposed to bovine herpesvirus-1 infection: preliminary trials. | the efficacy of an immunomodulator, the baypamun (bayer ag), was tested in calves which were subsequently exposed to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infection. two groups of calves, of 8 animals each, were used for two trials. in one trial, 4 calves were treated with the immunomodulator and the remaining 4 were left as untreated controls. two hours after the first injection of baypamun, all calves, i.e. the treated and the untreated ones, were challenged with bhv-1. comparing them to the untreated ... | 1995 | 7621672 |
| [behavior of orf virus in permissive and nonpermissive systems]. | dogs were immunized i.m. with attenuated poxvirus vaccines (vaccinia virus, orf-virus) and a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine. after intradermal (i.d.) application of the vaccine viruses a specific delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction of the skin occurred only with vaccinia virus. the i.d. application of orf-virus caused a short-term, non-specific inflammatory reaction of the skin, even in dogs not immunized with orf-virus. out of 30 sera from orf-virus immunized beagles (n = 4) only ... | 1995 | 7624861 |
| the bovine herpesvirus alpha gene trans-inducing factor activates transcription by mechanisms different from those of its herpes simplex virus type 1 counterpart vp16. | in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells, viral gene expression is initiated when the immediate-early, or alpha, genes are transactivated by the alpha gene trans-inducing factor (alpha tif), a component of the infecting virion. the protein binds to one or more recognition elements (taatgarat) in the promoters of alpha genes via interaction with the cellular proteins oct-1 and cff. the alpha tif of hsv (hsv-alpha tif) is believed to subsequently accelerate the assembly of the transcription co ... | 1995 | 7636962 |
| identification of gene products encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of infected animals. expression of latency-related (lr) gene products is controlled by a 980-bp fragment (lr promoter). dna sequence analysis revealed that two major open reading frames (orfs) are in the lr gene. antibodies directed against both orfs were generated in rabbits by using synthetic peptides. antibody p2, which is directed to sequences near the amino terminus of orf 2, recognized a 41-kda protei ... | 1995 | 7636978 |
| effect of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta on viral/bacterial pneumonia in cattle. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. its continuing importance lies in its ability to predispose infected hosts to bacterial infections (e.g., pasteurella haemolytica). in this study we determined whether the immunoregulatory effects induced by recombinant bovine interleukin-1 (rbil-1) could stimulate appropriate host defense mechanisms to influence the course of bhv-1 and p. haemolytica infection in cattle. we first evaluated the effect of m ... | 1995 | 7648445 |
| comparison of dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in artificially infected bovine semen. | bovine semen samples spiked with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) were used to compare dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and virus isolation for detection of bhv-1 in bovine semen. the pcr amplification used primers targeting the bhv-1 thymidine kinase gene and a nucleic acid releasing cocktail (genereleaser); the pcr product was used as the dna probe in dot blot hybridization; virus isolation was done in primary bovine fetal testis (bft) cell cultures. semen diluted 1:20 in t ... | 1995 | 7648521 |
| establishment of conditions for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 by polymerase chain reaction using primers in the thymidine kinase region. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was developed and optimized using 22 bp sense and 20 bp antisense primers in the thymidine kinase (tk) coding region. the amplification product is 183 bp long. the pcr optimization was done using bhv-1 tissue culture supernate (bhv-1tcs), concentrated bhv-1 tissue culture supernate (cbhv-1tcs) and sucrose gradient purified bhv-1 (pbhv-1). the sensitivity of four methods of sample preparation which are standard dna extr ... | 1995 | 7648533 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: biotypes and disease. | bovine viral diarrhea virus continues to produce significant economic losses for the cattle industry and challenges investigators with the complexity of diseases it produces and the mechanisms by which it causes disease. this paper updates and attempts to clarify information regarding the roles of noncytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in persistent infections and mucosal disease. it also covers, in brief, what is known of the new diseases: thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic di ... | 1995 | 7648541 |
| mapping of heparin-binding structures on bovine herpesvirus 1 and pseudorabies virus giii glycoproteins. | the giii glycoproteins of both bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) and pseudorabies virus (prv) mediate the initial and dominant interactions between virus and permissive host cells. by studying virus binding to wild-type and heparin-deficient cho cells, we demonstrated that the cellular heparin-like moieties play an essential role in bhv 1 and prv giii-mediated virus attachment. subsequent studies were carried out to map the giii structures that are responsible for heparin binding. first, based on the ... | 1993 | 7683156 |
| expression of glycoprotein giii-human decay-accelerating factor chimera on the bovine herpesvirus 1 virion via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-based membrane anchor. | mutants of bovine herpesvirus 1 that express a truncated envelope glycoprotein giii or a giii-human decay-accelerating factor (hdaf) chimeric protein (giii.hdaf) were employed to evaluate the function of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the giii molecule. truncated giii (i.e., lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region) was readily released from infected cells and was not detected on mature virus particles. in contrast, replacement of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains w ... | 1993 | 7687305 |
| antigenic differences between the major glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 and bovine encephalitis herpesvirus type 1.3. | differences in the antigenic structure of the major glycoproteins, gi, giii and giv, of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (bhv1.1) and the neurovirulent bhv1.3 were demonstrated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) prepared against the bhv1.1 glycoproteins. glycoprotein giii of bhv1.3 was the most dissimilar, reacting with only four of 15 giii-specific mabs. glycoproteins gi and giv of bhv1.3 reacted with eight of 11 and eight of 12 specific mabs, respectively. monospecific bovine antisera to ... | 1993 | 7688409 |
| a comparison of restrictive endonuclease sites of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates in chile. | the frutillar 82, f nasal 90, f vaginal 90, puente alto 77, vmlb 79, and bio bio 92 isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) from chile were analysed by eco ri, bam hi and hind iii restriction enzymes (re). the los angeles (la) strain was used as reference. the results indicated that the fingerprints of f nasal 90 and f vaginal 90 were identical to the three re used, but they were different from the other isolates. major differences were found for puente alto 77 and vmlb 79 isolates with eco ri, ... | 1994 | 7701858 |
| a seroepidemiological study of the importance in cow-calf pairs of respiratory and enteric viruses in beef operations from northwestern quebec. | serum antibody analyses for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine rotavirus (brv) were performed on 527 randomly selected cows, before calving, and on 407 three-week-old calves. in cows and calves, bcv and brv were the most seroprevalent viruses (80% to 100% according to virus and vaccination status). bovine respiratory syncytial virus was the least seroprevalent in the cows, independ ... | 1995 | 7704839 |
| excretion of bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen is detected much longer by pcr than by virus isolation. | to compare the sensitivities of pcr and virus isolation and to examine the course of virus excretion in semen, we intrapreputially inoculated eight bulls with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and used two bulls as sentinels. from these bulls, we collected a large panel of semen samples during 65 days postinfection (dpi). at 44 dpi the bulls received dexamethasone to reactivate putatively latent virus. we analyzed the semen samples by virus isolation on egg yolk-extended semen (vie test), by virus iso ... | 1995 | 7714184 |
| cloning of hindiii digested bovine herpesvirus-1 dna fragments from an indian respiratory isolate. | the dna from an indian isolate of bovine herpesvirus-1 was isolated and analysed with restriction endonucleases. on shot gun cloning seven hindiii digested bhv-1 dna fragments could be cloned in pbr322 vector. recombinant clones with viral dna insert was identified by insertional inactivation of the selection marker and restriction analysis of recombinant plasmids with hindiii. further, recombinant plasmids were analysed with hindiii, ecori and bamhi restriction endonucleases to identify the dif ... | 1995 | 7735131 |
| evidence of persistent malignant catarrhal fever infection in a cow obtained by nucleic acid hybridisation. | a natural non-fatal case of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a cow is reported. viral dna confirmed by nucleic acid hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction persisted in peripheral blood leukocytes for at least 3 months after the clinical onset of the disease. concultivation of leukocytes with various cell cultures failed to result in isolation of the virus either by cytopathic effect or by nucleic acid hybridisation. | 1994 | 7745589 |
| characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 ul49 homolog gene and product: bovine herpesvirus 1 ul49 homolog is dispensable for virus growth. | the sequence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gene that is homologous to the herpes simplex virus ul49 gene was determined. the bhv-1 ul49 homolog open reading frame consists of 774 bp and is capable of encoding 258 amino acids. northern (rna) blot analysis showed that the bhv-1 ul49 homolog is transcribed into a 1.1-kb rna which is coterminal with the transcripts of an upstream ul49.5 homolog gene. rabbit antisera produced against synthetic peptides of the predicted ul49 homolog gene product ... | 1995 | 7745736 |
| glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus-1 binds heparin. | many members of the herpesvirus family have been shown to bind heparan sulfate on the surface of target cells. a previous report on bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein interactions indicated that only gc bound to heparin-agarose columns. in this report, we demonstrated that both gc and gb of wild-type bhv-1 bound to heparin-agarose columns and that gc-minus virus infectivity was inhibited by heparin. | 1995 | 7747474 |
| nucleotide sequence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus 1) icp4 gene. | the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) gene encoding a homologue to the icp4 protein of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been mapped to the inverted repeat region. the complete nucleotide sequence of iltv icp4 has been determined. the iltv orf encoding icp4 is 4386 nucleotides long, calculated from the first of four atg codons, and has an overall g+c content of 59%. the iltv icp4 contains two domains of high homology which have been reported in other studies to be conserved in the icp4 homo ... | 1995 | 7762292 |
| lectin histochemistry of normal and herpesvirus-infected bovine nasal mucosa. | proliferation of pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 in the nasal cavity following stress or viral infection is an important event in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. enhanced adhesion of p. haemolytica to nasal mucosa could be one factor that predisposes animals to this proliferation. nasal mucosa from normal and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1)-infected cattle were examined histochemically for their glycoconjugate composition. twenty lectins were screened, six of which were chose ... | 1995 | 7771054 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of a 30-kb region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome which exhibits a colinear gene arrangement with the ul21 to ul4 genes of herpes simplex virus. | we report the nucleotide sequence of the 19-kb hindiii fragment b of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) dna and adjacent parts of the hindiii a and l fragments, which together span a still completely uncharted 30-kb region located between the glycoprotein h gene and the right end of the unique long segment. the analysis revealed 17 complete open reading frames (orfs) and 2 orfs that were interrupted by potential splice donor and acceptor sites. all of these orfs exhibited strong amino acid sequence ho ... | 1995 | 7793062 |
| an inactivated vaccine based on a glycoprotein e-negative strain of bovine herpesvirus 1 induces protective immunity and allows serological differentiation. | the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) strain za is a conventionally attenuated strain with a 2.7 kb deletion that encompasses the complete coding region for glycoprotein e (ge). this ge-negative strain was used as whole-virus antigen in an inactivated virus vaccine. three different antigen concentrations of this vaccine were evaluated for safety and efficacy in a vaccination-challenge experiment in calves. no adverse effects were observed in any of the calves vaccinated with the ge-negative vaccines. ... | 1995 | 7793128 |
| safety aspects in the development of an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccine. | clinical trials in cattle demonstrated that the ibr marker modified live vaccine based on the ge-deleted ibr strain difivac is immunogenic and safe for bovines of all ages. potential effects of the vaccine virus have also been tested in swine and sheep and proved safe for these species as well. for evaluation of other environmental aspects, the spread of the vaccine virus after immunisation was investigated. the data indicated that the vaccine virus may be shed by immunised animals but that it h ... | 1995 | 7796970 |
| amplification of strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 by use of polymerase chain reaction with primers in the thymidine kinase region. | a primer pair was designed from the published nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene for use in detection of the virus by use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 12 bhv-1 strains (3 atcc and 9 local isolates). a tk deletion mutant bhv-1, and 2 bhv-4 strains from atcc were used as negative controls. one strain each of feline herpes-virus, equine herpesvirus, and bovine adenovirus, and 2 noninoculated bovine cultured ... | 1994 | 7802385 |
| quantitative assessment of the specific cd4+ t lymphocyte proliferative response in bovine herpesvirus 1 immune cattle. | we quantified the cd4+ t cell proliferation specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle. the stimulation index as detected in proliferative assays performed in the presence of bhv-1 antigen is highly variable in immune cattle. by using proliferative assays performed after negative selection we showed that, as expected, cd4+ t cells were the limiting cell type for antigen-induced proliferation. neither b, gamma delta t nor cd8+ cells seemed to be in ... | 1994 | 7810061 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| the role of the major tegument protein vp8 of bovine herpesvirus-1 in infection and immunity. | the tegument of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) carries an abundant protein of 96 kda, termed vp8. immunolabeling using vp8-specific antiserum and colloidal gold-labeled protein a as the electron-dense marker was used to identify vp8 in the virions and virus-infected cells. vp8 was confirmed to be a tegument protein that, like the herpes simplex virus-1 homologue vp13/14, contains o-linked carbohydrates. vp8 was found in the nucleus of virus-infected cells as early as 2 hr postinfection. since vp8 ... | 1995 | 7831797 |
| synthesis and processing of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein h. | the translation product of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) gh gene was identified and characterized. synthetic peptides were used to generate specific antisera and a glycoprotein of 108k was precipitated by one of the antisera. cross-immunoprecipitations with monoclonal antibodies to bhv-1 glycoprotein gp108 and the anti-gh peptide antiserum demonstrated that gp108 is the translation product of the gh open reading frame. glycoprotein gh synthesis and intracellular processing was analyzed in inf ... | 1995 | 7831821 |
| rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on primers from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goats. the pcr assay was able to detect virus in nasal swabs up to 14 days after experimental infection of cattle and there was a good ... | 1994 | 7839585 |
| a subunit giv vaccine, produced by transfected mammalian cells in culture, induces mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle. | a truncated version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein iv (tgiv) was produced in a novel, non-destructive expression system based upon regulation of gene expression by the bovine heat-shock protein 70a (hsp70) gene promoter in madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells. in this system, up to 20 micrograms ml-1 of secreted tgiv, which is equivalent to the yield from 4 x 10(6) cells, was produced daily over a period of up to 18 days. different doses of tgiv were injected intramuscularly into ... | 1994 | 7856294 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 infection reduces bronchial epithelial cell migration to extracellular matrix proteins. | repair of airway epithelium after viral infection involves migration of epithelial cells to cover injured, denuded areas. we determined whether viral infection reduces the capability of bronchial epithelial cells to migrate and to attach to extracellular matrix proteins. inoculation of bovine bronchial epithelial cells in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1 reduced their ability to migrate in two different assays of cell migration. when attachment assays were performed, fewer cells attached to both ... | 1995 | 7864142 |
| double blind field evaluation of a trivalent vaccine against respiratory disease in veal calves. | a field trial was performed to determine the effect of a trivalent vaccine on clinical respiratory tract problems (crtp) in veal calves. the vaccine has been developed to increase immunity against the causal agents of ibr, bvd and brsv infection. in total 928 calves, housed in 16 compartments of one herd, were involved. in four compartments of 58 calves each, vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves were housed together. four other compartments were treated as a whole and 8 compartments were left un ... | 1994 | 7871698 |
| a congenital abnormality of calves, suggestive of a new type of arthropod-borne virus infection. | about 1000 calves with a congenital disease were born in kagoshima prefecture, japan, between october 1990 and october 1991, the peaks of the epidemic being in march and july 1991. of 85 abnormal calves examined pathologically and serologically, 70 appeared to have been suffering from a viral disease. of these 70 animals, 17 had lesions bearing some resemblance to those of the diseases produced by akabane, chuzan, aino, bluetongue and bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease viruses-diseases known ... | 1994 | 7884059 |
| delineation of the essential function of bovine herpesvirus 1 gd: an indication for the modulatory role of gd in virus entry. | the entry process of alphaherpesviruses consists of two steps, initial virus attachment and subsequent virus penetration involving membrane fusion. glycoprotein d (gd) of the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) is an essential envelope protein, and it has been previously documented that gd plays a significant part in both of the virus entry steps. in order to gain further insight into the virus entry process, we attempted to define the essential function of bhv 1 gd. we replaced the gd ... | 1995 | 7886947 |
| madin darby bovine kidney cell synchronization by lovastatin: application to bovine herpesvirus-1 gene expression. | the number of investigations involving cell proliferation has increased rapidly in the last years. one of the major difficulties in studying cell-cycle-related events is obtaining highly synchronous cell populations without metabolic imbalance. this study demonstrates that the madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells, a commonly used cell line in veterinary research, can be effectively synchronized using lovastatin (lov), a drug used to treat hypercholesteremia in humans. this was demonstrated by ... | 1994 | 7889037 |
| variability occurs in the inverted repeat region of genomic dna from bovine herpesvirus 1 respiratory, genital and bovine herpesvirus 5 encephalitic isolates. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were detected within bhv1.1, bhv1.2, and bhv5 genomes using the restriction enzyme psti. the genomic areas of these changes has not been previously reported. using southern blot hybridization with dna probes representing the entire genome of bhv1.1, areas of genomic variation were located for a respiratory isolate (bhv1.1), four vaccine isolates (bhv1.1), a genital isolate (bhv1.2), and two encephalitic isolates (bhv5). the most frequently observ ... | 1993 | 7907451 |
| induction of mhc-unrestricted cytolytic cd4+ t cells against virally infected target cells by cross-linking cd4 molecules. | cross-linking cd4 molecules with the use of specific mabs induced ag-nonspecific, mhc-unrestricted killing by human or bovine cd4+ t cells and human allospecific t cell clones against virally infected (bovine herpesvirus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1) target cells. heat-aggregated goat igg anti-mouse igg elevated cd4 cross-linking efficiency, resulting in augmented killing activity by effector cells. however, ab-activated effector cells failed to kill tumor target cell lines, e.g., k562, daudi (h ... | 1994 | 7930600 |
| strong transcriptional activators isolated from viral dna by the 'activator trap', a novel selection system in mammalian cells. | transcription factors often contain activation domains that interact with the basic transcription machinery. we have developed a functional screening strategy in mammalian cells to selectively isolate activation domains from a library of random dna inserts. for this, sonicated dna fragments are cloned next to the dna binding domain of gal4 factor in a plasmid that also contains the sv40 origin of replication. pools of fusion protein clones are transfected into cv-1-5gt monkey cells containing an ... | 1994 | 7937127 |
| selection of european union standard reference sera for use in the serological diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | a study, consisting of three trials, was undertaken in order to find standard reference sera for use in serological diagnostic procedures for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in the european union (eu). a total of forty-nine laboratories participated in the trials, in which panels of positive, weak positive, and negative candidate sera were tested blind by neutralisation, indirect and blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence and passive haemagglutination. a ... | 1994 | 7949366 |
| mapping, cloning and sequencing of a glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the ge gene from hsv-1. | in order to map and identify the glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), homologous to the ge glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a region of the unique short sequence from the bhv-1 genome has been sequenced. the sequenced region contains an orf coding for a polypeptide of 575 amino acids (aa). the aa sequence presents substantial similarity to that of the glycoprotein ge from hsv-1 and to homologous proteins of related viruses such as pseudorabies ... | 1994 | 7958994 |
| identification of the bovine herpesvirus 1 circ protein, a myristylated and virion-associated polypeptide which is not essential for virus replication in cell culture. | we have recently reported immediate-early (ie) transcription over covalently joined genome ends of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). a spliced 1.5-kb ie rna (ier1.5) is coterminal with an unspliced 1.1-kb late rna (lr1.1) which is transcribed from the left end of the genome. sequence analysis reveals an open reading frame common to ier1.5 and lr1.1 predicted to encode the 247-amino-acid circ polypeptide. this paper reports on the identification of circ as a protein. using a rabbit antiserum raised a ... | 1994 | 7966598 |
| human lymphoblastoid interferon as vaccine adjuvant in cattle. | human lymphoblastoid interferon from namalwa cells was purified for clinical use by ethanol fractionation, and used as adjuvant of an inactivated bovid herpesvirus 1 vaccine in calves. in agreement with other in vitro and in vivo models, low and high interferon doses were shown to increase and depress the specific antibody response, respectively. the low, effective interferon dose (100 international units/kg) also reduced the variability of antibody titres after the first vaccine injection. this ... | 1994 | 7976493 |
| bovine x murine t-cell hybridomas specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins. | difficulties in the isolation and long-term maintenance of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) specific t-cell clones have hindered the analysis of bovine cell-mediated immune response to this virus. in an effort to identify the t-cell epitopes of the virus, bovine murine t-cell hybridomas specific for bhv-1 were generated as an alternative to t-cell clones. peripheral blood lymphocytes from a calf immunized with bhv-1 were restimulated in vitro with the virus to generate bulk t-cell cultures. the anti ... | 1994 | 7986332 |
| effects of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly weaned feedlot calves to immunization with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 virus. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental dietary chromium (cr) on antibody responses of feedlot calves. fifty-five newly weaned calves were divided into two groups, 28 that received supplemental cr and 27 that did not, and were immunized with a commercial vaccine against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(pi-3). sera harvested from blood sampled preimmunization, and at days 14 and 28 postimmunization (pi), were assay ... | 1994 | 8004541 |
| studies on inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in culture media and in bovine semen by photosensitive agents. | the application of three photosensitive agents for disinfection of bovine semen was investigated. bovine microbial pathogens suspended in tissue culture medium and/or pbs and also added to bovine semen were exposed to the photosensitive agents followed by irradiation. hematoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin derivative and thiopyronine were effective against bovine herpes virus-1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, mycoplasma bovigenitalium, mycoplasma canadense, and ureaplasma diversum in culture media. in ... | 1994 | 8017031 |
| bicp22 of bovine herpesvirus 1 is encoded by a spliced 1.7 kb rna which exhibits immediate early and late transcription kinetics. | kinetic analysis of the two divergent immediate early (ie) transcription units of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) revealed an unexpected behaviour. the ie1.7 promoter was not turned off at the end of the ie period but acted as a late promoter, unlike the adjacent ie4.2/2.9 promoter which was active only under ie conditions. the genome region specifying the ie1.7 gene was sequenced (0.814 to 0.839 map units). the ie1.7 promoter was found to overlap with duplicated sequence elements bearing close sim ... | 1994 | 8021599 |
| a conventionally attenuated glycoprotein e-negative strain of bovine herpesvirus type 1 is an efficacious and safe vaccine. | we examined the vaccine properties of a conventionally attenuated bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) mutant strain a. this strain has a deletion that encompasses the glycoprotein e gene and may therefore be used as a marker vaccine. we compared strain a with a commercial live bhv-1 vaccine b. calves were intranasally vaccinated with strain a or with vaccine b. strain a was virtually avirulent for young calves. after challenge, vaccinated calves were protected against disease and virus shedding wa ... | 1994 | 8023552 |
| a gd homologous gene of feline herpesvirus type 1 encodes a hemagglutinin (gp60). | a gene-encoding glycoprotein d (gd) homologue of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) was identified and sequenced. it was located within an ecori 4.3-kbp fragment in the middle of the unique short region. the primary translation product of the gd homologous gene is predicted to consist of 374 amino acids with a molecular weight (mw) of 43.2 kda. comparative analysis among gd counterparts of other herpesviruses revealed that six cysteine residues which correlate with disulfide bond structure were c ... | 1994 | 8030205 |
| protein and dna elements involved in transactivation of the promoter of the bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1 ie-1 transcription unit by the bhv alpha gene trans-inducing factor. | in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells, the transcription of immediate-early (alpha) genes is regulated by a virion component, the alpha gene trans-inducing factor (alpha tif). this protein forms a complex with cellular factors and taatgarat motifs present in one or more copies in the promoters of all alpha genes. we have characterized the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) homolog of this protein. like its hsv counterpart, the bhv alpha tif was synthesized in the later stages of infection and c ... | 1994 | 8035488 |
| experimental infection of neonatal calves with neurovirulent bovine herpesvirus type 1.3. | a type of bovine herpesvirus, bhv-1.3, causes encephalitis in calves, whereas bhv-1.1 causes respiratory disease. three colostrum-deprived calves and two colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with bhv-1.3 by intranasal aerosolization. two colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated with bhv-1.1 by intranasal aerosolization. bhv-1.3-inoculated calves demonstrated severe encephalitis with minimal respiratory lesions, and bhv-1.1-inoculated calves demonstrated severe respiratory lesions and no clinica ... | 1994 | 8053131 |
| characterization of a replicating and packaged defective rna of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the beaudette strain of ibv was passaged 16 times in chick kidney cells. total cellular rna was analyzed by northern hybridization and was probed with 32p-labeled cdna probes corresponding to the first 2 kb of the 5' end of the genome, but excluding the leader, and to the last 1.8 kb of the 3' end of the genome. a new, defective ibv rna species (cd-91) was detected at passage 6. the defective rna, present in total cell extract rna and in oligo-(dt)30-selected rna from passage 15, was amplified b ... | 1994 | 8053152 |
| influence of triiodothyronine injections on calf immune response to an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus challenge and nitrogen balance of lambs. | three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of triiodothyronine (t3) or propylthiouracil (ptu) on the humoral immune response of calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and on nitrogen depletion and repletion of lambs deprived of feed and water for 3 d. in exp. 1, 18 steer calves (bw 284 +/- 6 kg) challenged with ibrv were limit-fed (1.5% bw) a 60% concentrate diet and injected (s.c.) daily with alkaline saline, .4 mg of t3, or .8 mg of t3. injection ... | 1994 | 8056673 |
| fatal, generalized bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection associated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine administered to neonatal calves. | generalized bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection was diagnosed in six salers calves from the same herd. the calves had received an intramuscular injection of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine between birth and three days of age. the purpose of this study was to determine if the outbreak was associated with the vaccine strain of bhv-1. analysis of epidemiological data and bhv-1 dna for restriction fragment length polymorphism was undertaken. multifocal necr ... | 1994 | 8076277 |
| identification of a putative cellular receptor for bovine herpesvirus 1. | recognition of a host cell receptor by a virus is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in initiating the disease process. this study was undertaken to identify the cellular receptor(s) for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). previously, we reported the development and characterization of bovine anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) that induce neutralizing antibodies to bhv-1. these anti-ids inhibit bhv-1 penetration of permissive cells. we have used these anti-ids, which mimic an epitope on the ... | 1994 | 8077928 |
| a glycoprotein e deletion mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 is avirulent in calves. | a marker vaccine elicits an antibody response in the host that can be distinguished from the antibody response induced by a wild-type strain. to obtain a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) marker vaccine, we constructed a glycoprotein e (ge) deletion mutant. this was obtained by removing the complete ge coding region from the bhv-1 genome. to attenuate the ge deletion mutant further, we also introduced a small deletion in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene. we selected three mutants: the ge deletion mutan ... | 1994 | 8077929 |
| large and small subunits of the aujeszky's disease virus ribonucleotide reductase: nucleotide sequence and putative structure. | we determined the entire dna sequence of two adjacent open reading frames of aujeszky's disease virus encoding ribonucleotide reductase genes with the intergenic sequence of 9 bp. from the sequence analysis we deduce that orfs encode large and small subunits, with sizes of 835 and 303 amino acids, respectively. amino acid sequence comparison of adv rr2 with that of equine herpesvirus type 1, bovine herpesvirus type 1, hsv-1 and varicella zoster virus revealed that 48% of amino acids represent cl ... | 1994 | 8086454 |
| large-scale production of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cell culture on microcarriers. | large amounts of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus was produced in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells in suspension culture on the microcarriers gelaspher m. virus yields (tcid50 per ml) were approximately 10-times higher as compared to classical stationary cell culture. | 1993 | 8105653 |
| proteolytic cleavage of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gb is not necessary for its function in bhv-1 or pseudorabies virus. | glycoprotein b homologs represent the most highly conserved group of herpesvirus glycoproteins. they exist in oligomeric forms based on a dimeric structure. despite the high degree of sequence and structural conservation, differences in posttranslational processing are observed. whereas gb of herpes simplex virus is not proteolytically processed after oligomerization, most other gb homologs are cleaved by a cellular protease into subunits that remain linked via disulfide bonds. proteolytic cleav ... | 1994 | 8107227 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 giv-expressing cells resist virus penetration. | the interaction of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) with the bhv-1 glycoprotein iv (giv)-expressing cell line d1-1 was examined by radiolabelled virus adsorption assays, in situ autoradiography and electron microscopy. adsorption of radiolabelled bhv-1 to d1-1 cells was similar to that observed in control cell lines but in situ radiography revealed that virus moved to the nucleus of control but not the giv-expressing cells. electron microscopy studies showed that bhv-1 attached to the cell membranes ... | 1994 | 8113725 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of hungarian bovine herpesvirus isolates from different clinical forms of ibr, ipv and encephalitis. | the dna of thirty-three hungarian bovine herpesvirus isolates originating from cattle with various clinical symptoms were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis using hindiii, ecori and bsteii enzymes. the ecori and hindiii cleavage patterns were similar to those of isolates studied in other countries. based on the cleavage patterns, the hungarian isolates could be assorted into groups and subgroups according to the classification system proposed by metzler et al. (1985, 1986). based on a ... | 1993 | 8116495 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 with various types of dna probes. | the method of dot-blot hybridization on nitrocellulose filters by various types of dna probes (ds recombinant plasmids, ss recombinant m13 phages and a 42bp synthetic oligonucleotide) was used for bhv-1 detection. the highest sensitivity was achieved with the 32p-pur1 probe (1.8 kb random ecori-hindiii fragment inserted into puc9) which detected the bhv-1 genome in 5 x 10(3) infected mdbk cells. using the pur1 probe, no cross hybridization was observed with other herpesviruses: bhv-2, 3, 4, and ... | 1993 | 8116497 |
| prevention of pathophysiologic and immunomodulatory effects of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in calves by use of strategic anthelmintic treatments. | effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment on pathophysiologic and immunomologic changes induced by infection with ostertagia ostertagi and cooperia oncophora were studied in 2 groups, of 12 calves each: an infected group, inoculated with 200,000 mixed o ostertagi and c oncophora third-stage larvae (l3) on day 1; and an infected-treated group, similarly inoculated, but treated with ivermectin at 9 and 33 days. all calves were also inoculated at 12 weeks with brucella abortus vaccine, at 13 week ... | 1993 | 8116936 |
| the complete dna sequence and the genetic organization of the short unique region (us) of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (st strain). | the dna sequence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) st strain (bhv-1.2 subtype) entire unique short (us) region and part of adjacent flanking sequences of the inverted repeats was determined. the bhv-1 st us region is 9745 bp in size and has a 70.5% g + c content. eight potential open reading frames (orfs) longer than 100 amino acids and designated orf1 to orf8 were identified on this sequence. seven of these had counterparts in the us of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), pseudorabies virus (prv) ... | 1994 | 8122370 |
| characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homolog of the herpes simplex virus 1 ul24 open reading frame. | an open reading frame (orf) of 293 codons which partially overlaps the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) thymidine kinase (tk) orf in a head-to-head orientation has been identified by nucleotide sequence analysis. the predicted amino acid sequence of this orf exhibits an overall identity of 38.1% with that of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) ul24 orf as well as an 80.7% identity with the 57-amino-acid consensus sequence found in the ul24-like orfs of eight herpesviruses (jacobson et al., j. viro ... | 1994 | 8128626 |
| oral therapy with human interferon alpha in calves experimentally injected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | fifty-six calves, seronegative for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, were randomly divided into 7 equal groups (n = 8) and given 0.0, 0.05, 0.50, or 5.00 international units (iu) of natural or recombinant human interferon alpha per kg body weight (nhuifn-alpha or rhuifn-alpha, respectively) orally once daily for 4 consecutive days, starting 2 days before intranasal inoculation with virulent ibr virus. calves given 0.05 iu nhuifn-alpha/kg bwt had significantly greater weight gain at ... | 1993 | 8129561 |
| heparin-binding domain of bovid herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giii. | bovid herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein giii functions as a major virus attachment protein through binding to a heparin-like moiety on the host cells. to identify the functional domain, a panel of giii deletion mutants was constructed, expressed in cos-7 cells, and examined for heparin-binding activity. mutants with deletion of amino acid residues 103-173 and 324-443 bound to heparin as well as full-length giii, whereas a mutant with residues 172-337 deleted showed no binding to heparin. in ano ... | 1994 | 8129625 |
| recovery rate and plasma zinc and copper concentrations of steer calves fed organic and inorganic zinc and manganese sources with or without injectable copper and challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | two experiments were conducted using feeder calves in a randomized block design to determine the effects of organic and inorganic sources of zn and mn fed pre- and posttransit (exp. 1 and 2) with or without injectable cu (exp. 2) on dmi, rectal temperature, bw changes, and plasma zn and cu concentrations of feedlot steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). in exp. 1, before weaning, all steers and their dams received the following free-choice mineral supplements: 1) ... | 1994 | 8138492 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of a porcine isolate of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was extracted from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) isolated from a stillborn porcine fetus, from the cooper reference strain of bhv-1, and from an ontario bovine respiratory isolate. each dna was digested with the restriction endonucleases hindiii, ecori, hpai and bamhi. except for very minor differences in the patterns produced after digestion with ecori and hindiii, the dna of the porcine isolate reacted in a similar manner to the bovine viruses, and it was conclu ... | 1994 | 8143256 |
| truncated bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein i (gpi) initiates a protective local immune response in its natural host. | current modified live and killed bhv-1 vaccines have not reduced the incidence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), the principal viral agent in bovine respiratory disease complex. the requirement for production of viral proteins for immune study has resulted in the establishment of a cell line which constitutively expresses bhv-1 gpi. a truncated bhv-1 envelope gpi protein was secreted into the culture supernatant of d17 cells transfected with the gpi gene lacking the coding sequence for the transm ... | 1994 | 8147097 |
| expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giii by a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein giii functions both as a major virus attachment protein and haemagglutinating protein. here we constructed recombinant baculovirus incorporating the bhv-1 giii coding sequence to characterize the expression, function and immunogenicity of the glycoprotein in insect cells. the recombinant giii had an m(r) of 72k and seemed to form homodimers. the giii was expressed on the surface of insect cells and a rosette formation assay demonstrated haemadsorbing act ... | 1994 | 8151303 |
| identification and zinc dependence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 transactivator protein bicp0. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) specifies and unspliced early 2.6-kb rna (er2.6) which is 3' coterminal with exon 2 of the 2.9-kb immediate-early (ie) rna. the two transcripts have a common open reading frame (676 codons). the predicted protein, designated bhv-1 infected cell protein 0 (bicp0), contains a zinc finger domain with homology to icp0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and protein 61 of varicella-zoster virus, and depending on the promoter, it acts as a strong activator or as a repressor in ... | 1994 | 8151780 |
| [comparison of two elisa systems for the detection of antibodies against ibr/ipv and against enzootic bovine leukemia virus]. | sensitivity and specificity of two elisa systems for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpes-virus 1 (bhv1; ibr/ipv) were tested by using 214 sera of cattle with predetermined history of bhv1 infection and freedom from bhv1 infection, respectively. with these sera as "gold-standard", the sensitivity of elisa1 (herdcheck: anti-ibr) appeared to exceed 98%, whereas for elisa2 (checkit: trachitest) a sensitivity of between 94 and 99.3% was determined. the specificity of elisa1 amounted to at le ... | 1994 | 8153604 |
| immediate-early gene expression and gene mapping comparisons among isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. | bovine herpesviruses (bhv) are associated with a variety of clinical syndromes. bovine herpesvirus 1 isolates were placed into three genome subtypes based on restriction endonuclease analyses, which were loosely associated by clinical manifestation as bhv1.1 (respiratory), bhv1.2 (genital), and bhv1.3 (encephalitic). more recently the encephalitic isolate has been classified bhv5. a comparison of the cytopathic effect (cpe) in fetal bovine lung cell cultures in the presence of cycloheximide show ... | 1994 | 8160351 |
| down regulation of murine mhc class i expression by bovine herpesvirus 1. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect(s) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection on the expression of mhc class i molecules in murine fibroblasts. l-cells were infected with bhv-1 at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 10 plaque forming units (pfu) per cell, and the expression of mhc class i molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation. temporal studies revealed a reduction in class i expression beginning at 8 h post infection (p.i.) which reached a ... | 1993 | 8166934 |
| development and trial of a bovine herpesvirus 1-thymidine kinase deletion virus as a vaccine. | an australian bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) isolate with a defined (427 base pair) deletion in the protein coding region of the thymidine kinase gene was obtained by standard marker rescue procedures. after selection in the presence of the nucleotide analogue 5'-iodo-deoxy-uridine the virus was analysed by hybridisation with three differential oligonucleotide probes, restriction endonuclease profile studies and dna sequence analysis. the virus elicited an immune response in recipient animals after ... | 1994 | 8198509 |
| associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves. | market-purchased, week-old, dairy bred calves entering a commercial calf-rearing unit were blood sampled at six-week intervals until three months old. viral infections were monitored by elisa for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the immunoperoxidase test was used to detect bvdv in serum. the total immunoglobulin concentration in the initial blood sample was measured ... | 1993 | 8212494 |
| immunological characterization of the feline herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein b and analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) is an important viral pathogen of cats. like other alphaherpesviruses, fhv-1 contains a hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb) homolog. in this study, monospecific antisera to hsv-1 gb reacted with three fhv-1 proteins (100, 64, and 58 kda) present in virion lysates by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses. reduced stringency hybridization experiments using a hsv-1 gb probe localized the fhv-1 gb gene to a 9.6-kb sa/l fragment in the unique long region of the genome. northe ... | 1993 | 8212548 |
| promoter, spliced leader, and coding sequence for bicp4, the largest of the immediate-early proteins of bovine herpesvirus 1. | we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) immediate-early gene encoding bicp4, the homolog of the icp4 protein of herpes simplex virus. combined with previous mapping studies, the sequence analysis revealed that the transcript for bicp4 consisted of a noncoding leader rna (exon 1; 0.35 kb) separated by an intron (0.46 kb) from the main body (exon 2; 4.1 kb). the open reading frame for bicp4 (1343 amino acid residues) started 27 nt after the splice site and ex ... | 1993 | 8212570 |
| comparison of bovine immune responses to affinity-purified bovine herpesvirus-1 antiidiotypes and glycoproteins. | bovine immune responses to rabbit antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-id) against neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) envelope glycoproteins and to bhv-1 glycoproteins were compared. glycoprotein-immunized animals produced high titers of anti-bhv-1 antibodies and were protected against bhv-1 challenge. recombinant bovine interleukin-2 (ril-2)-treated, anti-id-immunized animals showed a slight reduction in clinical disease, and one calf produced bhv-1-neutralizing antibo ... | 1993 | 8216712 |
| application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for epidemiological studies of diseases of livestock in the tropics of mexico. | this study was conducted at the centre for research, teaching and extension in tropical livestock (centro de investigación, enseñanza y extensión en ganadería tropical) of the faculty of veterinary medicine of the national autonomous university of mexico. during the latter part of 1986 and throughout 1988 and 1989, the herd of holstein x zebu cattle at the university was tested for igg antibodies to twenty-one viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic agents. antigens prepared from twenty infe ... | 1993 | 8219327 |
| a european comparative study of serological methods for the diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | a comparison is made of serological diagnostic procedures used for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in the european community. a panel of 65 sera, including positive, doubtful, negative and diluted samples was dispatched to nine different european laboratories and tested by neutralisation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescence and passive haemagglutination, according to the methods used in each laboratory. the results showed good agreement between the various te ... | 1993 | 8219346 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in bovine semen by a nested pcr assay. | a nested pcr assay targeting a portion of the glycoprotein iv gene has been developed for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). rapid and sensitive detection of the pcr products was achieved using a nonisotopic reverse dot-blot format with a visible color readout. cross-reactivity of this pcr assay was not observed with the closely related bhv-3. the sensitivity of this assay when tested on a supernatant from a bhv-1 cell culture was approximately 4.5 tcid50 (50% tissue culture infectio ... | 1993 | 8227276 |
| [the effect of primary bhv-1 infection on the dynamics of t and b lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and levels of specific serum antibodies in calves treated with glucan]. | in the present study we investigated the dynamics of circulating t and b lymphocytes and serum specific antibodies in calves experimentally infected with ibr virus (i group) and in calves administered glucan (seven days before infection) and the infected (gi group). the percentages of t and b lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were determined from analyses by rosette methods; the titer of serum anti-ibr antibodies was determined by virus-neutralizing test on cell cultures. the dynamics of the p ... | 1993 | 8236630 |
| identification of 108k, 93k, and 42k glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus-1 by monoclonal antibodies. | three glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) other than glycoproteins gi, giii, and giv were identified by monoclonal antibody (mab) analyses. monoclonal antibodies were obtained by immunization of mice with either bhv-1 envelope or virus infected cells, from which the glycoproteins gi, giii, and giv were removed by immunoaffinity. in the latter immunization procedure mice were tolerized either against normal cellular antigens with or without glycoproteins gi, giii, giv, and nucleocapsid. ... | 1993 | 8240021 |
| heat-shock promoter-driven synthesis of secreted bovine herpesvirus glycoproteins in transfected cells. | the bovine hsp70a heat-shock gene promoter was isolated and used to direct the heat-regulated synthesis of bovine herpesvirus glycoproteins giii and giv in transfected cultured bovine cells. sequences encoding the viral glycoproteins incorporated mutations that deleted the transmembrane anchors. both proteins were efficiently secreted from transfected cells in a temperature-dependent manner and the giv so produced was found to be antigenically similar to the authentic molecule. stable cell lines ... | 1993 | 8249428 |
| epidemiological study of enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves in saskatchewan. | a field study involving 325 calves from 17 dairy herds in saskatchewan was conducted to determine the risk of enzootic pneumonia and to assess its association with a number of factors. two different case definitions of pneumonia were used in the analyses: the first was based on producers' treatment risk (case1) and the second was based on semimonthly clinical examinations of calves by the research veterinarian (case2). the risk of pneumonia based on case1 was 39% and on case2 was 29%. the measur ... | 1993 | 8269363 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccines. | vaccination has been important in controlling a wide variety of viral and bacterial infections of man and animals. vaccines to herpesvirus infection of cattle are no exception. the present review describes the different types of conventional vaccines that have been used to date and furthermore describes the novel approaches which are presently being implemented to develop more effective vaccines. these include subunit vaccines as well as genetically engineered modified live deletion mutants. bot ... | 1993 | 8270270 |
| the effect of the mode of sampling on bhv-1 detection in infected cattle by dot-blot hybridization. | the bhv-1 genome in nasal swabs and washings was detected by dot-blot hybridization using the 32p-pur-1 probe (1.8 kb ecori-hindiii random fragment of bhv-1 dna ligated into the puc-9 plasmid) as early as on day 1 after the experimental infection of cattle. in dependence on the sampling method, differences were observed in the maximum of hybridization signals. during nasal swab analyses maximum amounts of bhv-1 differed in the individual samples (day 1-3). hybridization signals obtained at the a ... | 1993 | 8273279 |
| viral antibodies in bovine fetuses in argentina. | in order to establish the prevalence of viral infections of the bovine fetus in argentina, a serological survey for antibodies against viral agents currently affecting cattle in this country was conducted. antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine leukaemia virus (blv), bovine rotavirus (brv), bovine coronavirus (bcv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) were investigated in a total of 315 fetal serum samples. conventi ... | 1993 | 8284507 |
| efficacy of a deletion mutant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine that allows serologic differentiation of vaccinated from naturally infected animals. | fifteen bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1)-negative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly with 10(7.4) plaque-forming units of a double-deletion bhv-1 mutant (ibrv(ng)dltkdlgiii), and 6 remained as nonvaccinated controls. thirty days after vaccination, the animals were challenged by nasal instillation of 10(8.2) ccid50 of a virulent bhv-1 strain (cooper). the vaccinated calves were protected against wildtype virus challenge as demonstrated by clinical evaluation. most of the vaccinates developed only ... | 1993 | 8286451 |
| viral infection of bovine bronchial epithelial cells induces increased neutrophil chemotactic activity and neutrophil adhesion. | 1. acute bronchitis secondary to viral infection is associated with an influx of neutrophils. we hypothesized that bronchial epithelial cells are capable of releasing neutrophil chemotactic activity in response to viral infection. 2. to test this hypothesis, primary cultures of bovine bronchial epithelial cells were inoculated with a bovine respiratory pathogen, bovine herpes virus-1. 3. supernatants collected from inoculated cells, before signs of toxicity, demonstrated significant neutrophil c ... | 1993 | 8287669 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine semen. | we developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) in bovine semen. since bovine semen contains components that inhibit pcr amplification, a protocol was developed to purify bhv-1 dna from bovine semen. to identify failures of pcr amplification, we used an internal control template that was coamplified by the same pcr primers. when separated fractions of bhv-1-contaminated semen were analyzed by the pcr, we found that more than 90% of the bhv-1 dna w ... | 1993 | 8308103 |
| bovine natural killer activity against virally infected cells inhibited by monoclonal antibodies. | forty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were evaluated for their ability to alter natural killer (nk) cell lysis of virally infected target cells. six of the mabs inhibited the lysis of the target cells, while one of the mabs enhanced lysis. four of the inhibitory mabs, cact26a, cact16a, cactb45a and muc76a, had very marked activity. these mabs with inhibitory or enhancing activity recognized (1) wc2 molecules (cactb44a, cact16a, cact26a) present on putative nk cells, (2) molecules on granulocyt ... | 1993 | 8310651 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1: immune responses in mice and cattle injected with plasmid dna. | mice and cattle injected with plasmids encoding bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins developed gene-specific antibody responses capable of neutralizing bhv-1. the ability of animals to respond serologically to dna injections was in part dependent on the quantity of dna injected and was also negatively affected by carrier dna. calves injected with a plasmid encoding bhv-1 giv developed significant antibody titers to giv and shed less virus than did the control calf after challenge. this rep ... | 1993 | 8350420 |
| [evaluation of indicators of cellular immunity in experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection in calves treated with glucan]. | some parameters of cell-mediated immunity (phagocytic activity pa and phagocytic index pi, metabolic activity and migration-inhibitive factor mif of blood leucocytes) were investigated in calves experimentally infected with ibr virus (group ii) and in calves premedicated with glucan seven days before infection (group i). a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytizing cells was observed in both groups of animals on days 2-4 of the experiment (p < 0.01) in comparison with the values bef ... | 1993 | 8379099 |
| the pathogenesis of wild type and drug resistant mutant strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in the natural host. | an experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 was established in calves by means of intranasal inoculation. three calves were infected with the parental strain bhv-1 w/t, three with the tk-defective strain, b 1 and four with the hpmpa-resistant strain, 3 a. inoculation with w/t virus resulted in a reproducible clinical disease characterised by respiratory distress, fever and the presence of virus in nasal mucus. following the acute infection, w/t-inoculated animals became seropositive for ... | 1993 | 8380324 |
| role of n-linked glycans in antigenicity, processing, and cell surface expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giv. | glycoprotein giv, a structural component of bovine herpesvirus type 1, stimulates high titers of virus-neutralizing antibody. the protein contains three potential sites for the addition of n-linked carbohydrates. three mutants were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, in each case changing one n-linked glycosylation site from asn-x-thr/ser to ser-x-thr/ser. a fourth mutant was altered at two sites. the altered forms of the giv gene were cloned into a vaccinia virus transfer vecto ... | 1993 | 8380463 |