| Molecular mechanism of HIV-1 integrase-vDNA interactions and strand transfer inhibitor action: A molecular modeling perspective. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for splicing a viral DNA (vDNA) replica of its genome into host cell chromosomal DNA (hDNA) and has been recently recognized as a promising therapeutic target for developing anti-AIDS agents. The interaction between HIV-1 IN and vDNA plays an important role in the integration process of the virus. However, a detailed understanding about the mechanism of this interactions as well as the action of the anti-HIV drug r ... | 2011 | 22144113 |
| A hot-melt extruded intravaginal ring for the sustained delivery of the antiretroviral microbicide UC781. | Microbicide intravaginal rings (IVRs) are a promising woman-controlled strategy for preventing sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An IVR was prepared and developed from polyether urethane (PU) elastomers for the sustained delivery of UC781, a highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1. PU IVRs containing UC781 were fabricated using a hot-melt extrusion process. In vitro release studies of UC781 demonstrated that UC781 release profiles are loading ... | 2011 | 21976110 |
| Sex trafficking and initiation-related violence, alcohol use, and HIV risk among HIV-infected female sex workers in Mumbai, India. | Female sex workers (FSWs) are the group at greatest risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India. Women and girls trafficked (ie, forced or coerced) into sex work are thought to be at even greater risk because of high exposure to violence and unprotected sex, particularly during the early months of sex work, that is, at initiation. Surveys were completed with HIV-infected FSWs (n = 211) recruited from an HIV-related service organization in Mumbai, India. Approximately 2 in 5 pa ... | 2011 | 22043037 |
| cost-effectiveness of additional blood screening tests in the netherlands. | background: during the past decade, blood screening tests such as triplex nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i or i (htlv-i/ii) antibody testing were added to existing serologic testing for hepatitis b virus (hbv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). in some low-prevalence regions these additional tests yielded disputable benefits that can be valuated by cost-effectiveness analyses (ceas). ceas are used to support decisi ... | 2011 | 21880046 |
| [clinical management of acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection before starting antiretroviral treatment]. | the evaluation of new cases of hiv infection is relatively common in spain, where several thousands of patients with new infections are diagnosed each year. eighty per cent of them have a chronic hiv infection at the first clinical evaluation, which is symptomatic (late presenters) in up to 30% of patients. the initial evaluation of hiv infection is not only directed at determining the clinical, virological (plasma hiv rna viral load, resistance test and viral tropism) and immunological (cd4+ t- ... | 2011 | 22078726 |
| rat bite fever as a presenting illness in a patient with aids. | the etiology of culture-negative septic arthritis is poorly characterised in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). new molecular methods may assist in the investigation of culture-negative infections of sterile sites, including septic arthritis. we describe the first case of septic arthritis due to the cause of rat bite fever (rbf), streptobacillus moniliformis, confirmed by 16s rrna sequence analysis, in a patient with newly diagnosed hiv infection. | 2011 | 21877181 |
| Proteinase-activated receptor-1 mediates dorsal root ganglion neuronal degeneration in HIV/AIDS. | Distal sensory polyneuropathy is a frequent complication of lentivirus infections of the peripheral nervous system including both human immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Proteinase-activated receptors are G protein-coupled receptors implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Proteinase-activated receptor-1 is expressed on different cell types within the nervous system including neurons and glia, but little is known about its role in the pat ... | 2011 | 22021895 |
| Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of human immunodeficiency virus gp41 protein that includes the fusion peptide: NMR detection of recombinant Fgp41 in inclusion bodies in whole bacterial cells and structural characterization of purified and membrane-associated Fgp41. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of a host cell begins with fusion of the HIV and host cell membranes and is mediated by the gp41 protein, a single-pass integral membrane protein of HIV. The 175 N-terminal residues make up the ectodomain that lies outside the virus. This work describes the production and characterization of an ectodomain construct containing the 154 N-terminal gp41 residues, including the fusion peptide (FP) that binds to target cell membranes. The Fgp41 sequence was ... | 2011 | 21985645 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis genital infections: progress and challenges. | Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. Most TV infections are asymptomatic, and the accurate diagnosis of this infection has been limited by lack of sufficiently sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, particularly for men. To provide updates for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted of all TV literature ... | 2011 | 22080269 |
| Is routine viral screening useful in patients with recent-onset polyarthritis of a duration of at least 6 weeks? Results from a nationwide longitudinal prospective cohort study. | To study the contribution of routine viral screening tests in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or a potential for progressing to RA. | 2011 | 21954118 |
| HIV-related stigma and NGO-isation in India: a historico-empirical analysis. | In response to World Bank critiques in 2007, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare declared that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma was a barrier to the participation of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the implementation of HIV prevention targeted interventions. Taking a deeper view of HIV-related stigma as a historically inflected process of devaluation, this article details the history and transformation of NGO involvement in the HIV epidemic from 1986 throug ... | 2011 | 22150236 |
| Acute coronary syndromes in human immunodeficiency virus patients: a meta-analysis investigating adverse event rates and the role of antiretroviral therapy. | AimsHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated morbidity and mortality, but adverse effects of HAART are becoming an increasing challenge, especially in the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We thus performed a comprehensive review of studies focusing on ACS in HIV patients.Methods and resultsMEDLINE/PubMed was systematically screened for studies reporting on ACS in HIV patients. Baseline, treatment, and outcome data w ... | 2011 | 22187508 |
| broad and potent neutralizing antibody responses elicited in natural hiv-2 infection. | compared with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), little is known about the susceptibility of hiv-2 to antibody neutralization. we characterized the potency and breadth of neutralizing antibody (nab) responses in 64 subjects chronically infected with hiv-2 against three primary hiv-2 strains: hiv-2(7312a), hiv-2(st), and hiv-2(uc1). surprisingly, we observed in a single-cycle jc53bl-13/tzm-bl virus entry assay median reciprocal 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) nab titers of 1.7 × 1 ... | 2012 | 22031948 |
| stromal cell-derived factor 1 polymorphism in patients infected with hiv and implications for aids progression in tunisia. | an interesting finding in the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is that certain mutations in genes coding for chemokines, and their receptors and ligands, may confer resistance or susceptibility to hiv-1 infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) progression. the mutation most frequently studied is stromal cell-derived factor (sdf)1-3'a, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region at the 801 position of the sdf1 gene, which seems to be a ... | 2010 | 22096399 |
| treatment considerations in painful hiv-related neuropathy. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related distal sensory polyneuropathy (dsp) is the most common hiv-associated sensory neuropathy. the envelope glycoprotein of hiv-1, gp 120, appears to contribute to this painful neuropathy. two standard treatments for hiv infection/hiv-related painful dsp (e.g., antiviral therapy [e.g., nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrti)] opioids) should each be carefully evaluated prior to being utilized to ameliorate the pain of dsp, since they may actually ... | 2011 | 22086103 |
| antiviral breadth and combination potential of peptide triazole hiv-1 entry inhibitors. | the first stage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection involves the fusion of viral and host cellular membranes mediated by viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. inhibitors that specifically target gp120 are gaining increased attention as therapeutics or preventatives to prevent the spread of hiv-1. one promising new group of inhibitors is the peptide triazoles, which bind to gp120 and simultaneously block its interaction with both cd4 and the coreceptor. in this study, we assesse ... | 2011 | 22083481 |
| individuals infected with jc polyomavirus do not present detectable jcv dna in oropharyngeal fluids. | jc virus (jcv) is ubiquitous in the human population. primary infection normally occurs during childhood and is followed by a lifelong persistent infection. the main mode of transmission remains unknown. several authors have hypothesized that jcv transmission occurs through the respiratory route, and that respiratory secretions could represent a possible source of viral particles.the present study intended to evaluate oropharyngeal fluids from patients infected with jcv, in order to ascertain if ... | 2011 | 22158878 |
| how hiv-1 takes advantage of the cytoskeleton during replication and cell-to-cell transmission. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infects t cells, macrophages and dendritic cells and can manipulate their cytoskeleton structures at multiple steps during its replication cycle. based on pharmacological and genetic targeting of cytoskeleton modulators, new imaging approaches and primary cell culture models, important roles for actin and microtubules during entry and cell-to-cell transfer have been established. virological synapses and actin-containing membrane extensions can mediate hiv-1 ... | 2011 | 21994805 |
| a multiplex calibrated real-time pcr assay for quantitation of dna of ebv-1 and 2. | accurate and highly sensitive tests for the diagnosis of active epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection are essential for the clinical management of individuals infected with ebv. a calibrated quantitative real-time pcr assay for the measurement of ebv dna of both ebv-1 and 2 subtypes was developed, combining the detection of the ebv dna and a synthetic dna calibrator in a multiplex pcr format. the assay displays a wide dynamic range and a high degree of accuracy even in the presence of 1μg of human ... | 2011 | 21903135 |
| lack of the detection of xmrv or polytropic mlv-related sequences in blood cells from hiv-1-infected patients in spain. | : xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (xmrv) and polytropic murine leukemia virus (mlv)-related virus are recently described human gammaretroviruses that have been associated with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. these studies have been controversial because a number of laboratories have been unable to find evidence of xmrv in similar groups of patients or controls. because the existence of xmrv raises many questions, we decided to study its presence in a group of patient ... | 2011 | 21963942 |
| HIV Testing in Women: Missed Opportunities. | Abstract Objective: To investigate opportunities for early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of women. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design linked case reports from HIV surveillance to several statewide health-care databases. Medical encounters occurring before the first positive HIV test (missed opportunities) were categorized by diagnosis/procedure codes to distinguish visits that were likely to have prompted an HIV test. Women were categorized as late testers (AIDS diagno ... | 2011 | 21950274 |
| Cytomegalovirus co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in Iran. | Serum samples from 201 HIV positive patients were collected to determine the seroprevalence of CMV infection in Iranian HIV infected patients during March 2004 until March 2005 using conventional ELISA kits. An antibody level of >1.1 Iu/ml was considered positive. The seroprevalence of CMV infection was 94%.The maximum prevalence of CMV antibody was seen in patients with unsafe sex and IDUs. Prevalence of CMV was much higher in patients with low socioeconomic status and low level of education. 8 ... | 2011 | 22009813 |
| Efficient identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants resistant to a protease inhibitor by using a random mutant library. | Emergence of drug-resistant mutant viruses during the course of antiretroviral therapy is a major hurdle that limits the success of chemotherapeutic treatment to suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and AIDS progression. Development of new drugs and careful patient management based on resistance genotyping data are important for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. However, identifying changes leading to drug resistance can take years of clinical studies, and conventional ... | 2011 | 21876045 |
| reversible progressive supranuclear palsy-like phenotype as an initial manifestation of hiv infection. | movement disorders are common manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and may sometimes be the initial manifestations of hiv infection. although secondary progressive supranuclear palsy (psp) due to factors such as paraneoplastic, vascular, and hypoxic-ischemic injury have been reported, psp associated with hiv infection has received little attention. we describe a patient who displayed a progressive parkinsonian phenotype fulfilling the criteria for psp over a period of ... | 2011 | 22160793 |
| predominance of human lymphotropic t-cell virus type 2 (htlv-2) subtype b in urban populations of argentina. | htlv-2b infection has been described among aborigines from northern argentina, while htlv-2a has been described in an injecting drug user (idu) from a central region, similar to the situation in spain, usa and brazil. in this study, 22 of the 26 strains analyzed from blood donors and hiv-1+ individuals were htlv-2b (84.6%) clustering with amerindian references, while 4 hiv-1+ (15.4%) were htlv-2a. htlv-2a sequences were closely related to brazilian references in contrast to the previous argentin ... | 2011 | 22115426 |
| deep v3 sequencing for hiv type 1 tropism in treatment-naive patients: a reanalysis of the merit trial of maraviroc. | deep sequencing is a highly sensitive technique that can detect and quantify the proportion of non-r5 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) variants, including small minorities, that may emerge and cause virologic failure in patients who receive maraviroc-containing regimens. we retrospectively tested the ability of deep sequencing to predict response to a maraviroc-containing regimen in the maraviroc versus efavirenz in treatment-naive patients (merit) trial. results were compared with those obtai ... | 2011 | 21890778 |
| A Single Step Assay for Rapid Evaluation of Inhibitors Targeting HIV Type 1 Tat-Mediated Long Terminal Repeat Transactivation. | Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter-mediated gene expression is regulated by the viral Tat protein that relieves a block to viral transcription elongation after binding with a viral hairpin loop RNA structure called the trans-activation-responsive region (TAR). Tat protein significantly up-regulates viral genome transcription and hence it has long been considered a potential target for antiretrovirals. Here we report the construction of a plasmid con ... | 2011 | 21878060 |
| the hiv-1 nucleocapsid protein does not function as a transcriptional activator on its own cognate promoter. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid (nc) is a multifunctional, zinc finger-containing protein known to be involved in almost every step of the viral life cycle. we therefore examined the effects of nc in vivo as a transcription activator on the basal transcriptional activity of the hiv-1 u3 and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promoters, as well as hiv-1 long terminal repeats (ltrs) such as the u3r and u3ru5 regions, using promoter-fused reporter gene assays, western blot analys ... | 2011 | 22119402 |
| prevalence and resistance mutations of non-b hiv-1 subtypes among immigrants in southern spain along the decade 2000-2010. | most of the non-b hiv-1 subtypes are predominant in sub-saharan africa and india although they have been found worldwide. in the last decade, immigration from these areas has increased considerably in spain. the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of non-b subtypes circulating in a cohort of hiv-1-infected immigrants in seville, southern spain and to identify drug resistance-associated mutations. | 2011 | 21871090 |
| screening for cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus. | recent publications estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand) exceeds 50%, and this rate is likely higher among older patients. cognitive impairment may impact medication adherence, and symptomatic impairment has been linked to all-cause mortality providing some impetus for early detection. there are currently insufficient data to inform solid recommendations on screening methods. most hiv-specific tools have poor performance charact ... | 2011 | 21921226 |
| the expansion ability but not the quality of hiv-specific cd8(+) t cells is associated with protective human leucocyte antigen class i alleles in long-term non-progressors. | studies in long-term non-progressors (ltnp) have suggested that the quality of the cd8(+) response may involve protective human leucocyte antigen (hla) class i alleles. however, studies examining the expansion ability of different functional cd8(+) t cells and their association with hla class i alleles are lacking. ltnp, untreated typical progressors (tp) and patients successfully on highly active retroviral therapy (haart) during 1 year (hp) were included. hla class i typing was performed using ... | 2011 | 21978000 |
| do words matter? incongruent responses to inconsistently worded audit-c alcohol screening instruments. | the first 3 questions of the alcohol use disorders identification test (audit-c) are often used as a brief alcohol screening instrument. however, the implications of common modifications made to the original audit questions and response options have not been considered. the authors examined existing data from a randomized controlled trial of 310 persons with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) that was testing the efficacy of 2 antiretroviral medication adh ... | 2011 | 22014250 |
| hiv and cancer in africa: mutual collaboration between hiv and cancer programs may provide timely research and public health data. | abstract: the eruption of kaposi sarcoma (ks) and aggressive non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) in young homosexual men in 1981 in the west heralded the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection epidemic, which remains one of the biggest challenges to global public health and science ever. because ks and nhl were increased >10,000 and 50-600 times, respectively, with hiv, they were designated aids defining cancers (adc). cervical cancer (cc), increased 5-10 times was also designated as a ... | 2011 | 22004990 |
| ccr5 inhibitors: emerging promising hiv therapeutic strategy. | though potent anti-hiv therapy has spectacularly reduced the morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection in the advanced countries, it continues to be associated with substantial toxicity, drug-drug interactions, difficulties in adherence, and abnormal cost. as a result, better effective, safe antiretroviral drugs and treatment strategies keep on to be pursued. in this process, ccr5 (chemokine receptor 5) inhibitors are a new class of antiretroviral drug used in the ... | 2009 | 21938106 |
| reducing hiv mortality: a new paradox for practitioners working in countries with socialized health-care systems. | the milestones marking substantial changes in the lives or in the survival of humans deserve to be remembered. it has been only 11 years since we experienced an event that not even the most optimistic amongst us would have predicted before 1997. let us place the facts in time. at the beginning of the 80s, we faced the distressing reality that more than three quarters of all children, men and women found to have antibodies directed against a new infectious agent named human immune deficient virus ... | 2011 | 22028611 |
| HIV-1 proteins join the family of LIM kinase partners. New roads open up for HIV-1 treatment. | LIM kinases (LIMK) exert their functions by recruiting many macromolecular partners that could contribute to modulate LIMK activity in a positive or negative manner. In addition to proteins that interact with LIMK in human or animal cells and tissues, recent data show that LIMK activity is also influenced by HIV-1 viral proteins. These results suggest new strategies for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, based on the inhibition of LIMK-mediated cofilin inactivation and consequent actin depolymeri ... | 2011 | 21872676 |
| genital tract inflammation during early hiv-1 infection predicts higher plasma viral load set point in women. | background. the biggest challenge in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) prevention in africa is the high hiv-1 burden in young women. in macaques, proinflammatory cytokine production in the genital tract is necessary for target cell recruitment and establishment of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection following vaginal inoculation. the purpose of this study was to assess if genital inflammation during early hiv-1 infection predisposes women to rapid disease progression. methods ... | 2012 | 22190580 |
| [HIV-1 infection after occupational accidents in the State of Amazonas: first reported case]. | The medical care of occupational accidents in Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Dourado (FMT-HVD), involving blood and body fluids, started routinely in 1999. The objective of this report is to emphasize the importance of the measures used for the control of accidents with biological material. This study is carried out after a detailed epidemiological investigation confirmed one case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion after an occupational accident involving bodily fluids ... | 2011 | 22031087 |
| gender, hiv status, and psychiatric disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. | objective: more than 30 years after the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic, there is no information on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among hiv-positive individuals in the general population. we sought to compare the prevalence of 12-month psychiatric disorders among hiv-positive and hiv-negative adults stratified by sex and to examine the differential increase in risk of a psychiatric disorder as a function of the interaction of sex and hiv status. method: face-to ... | 2011 | 22053858 |
| self-screening for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis in the human immunodeficiency virus clinic--high yields and high acceptability. | despite antiretroviral therapy (art), incident human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to rise, and sexually transmitted infections (sti) are well known for their part in hiv transmission. national guidelines recommend routine sti screening in hiv-positive individuals, but despite this, reported uptake remains low. | 2011 | 22082720 |
| Role of donor genital tract HIV-1 diversity in the transmission bottleneck. | The predominant mode of HIV-1 infection is heterosexual transmission, where a genetic bottleneck is imposed on the virus quasispecies. To probe whether limited genetic diversity in the genital tract (GT) of the transmitting partner drives this bottleneck, viral envelope sequences from the blood and genital fluids of eight transmission pairs from Rwanda and Zambia were analyzed. The chronically infected transmitting partner's virus population was heterogeneous with distinct genital subpopulations ... | 2011 | 22065783 |
| Disappearance of malignant cells by effusion drainage alone in two patients with HHV-8-unrelated HIV-negative primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma. | Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma usually confined to the body cavities of predominantly immunosuppressed patients infected with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). In PEL, malignant cells are usually negative for B-cell markers, such as CD19, CD20, and CD79a, but are positive for activation and plasma cell-related markers, such as CD30, CD38, and CD138. It has been reported that HHV-8-unrelated PEL shows high expression of B-cell markers, which is referred to as P ... | 2011 | 21858447 |
| hiv-1 tat protein increases the permeability of brain endothelial cells by both inhibiting occludin expression and cleaving occludin via matrix metalloproteinase-9. | brain homeostasis is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (bbb), which prevents the entrance of circulating molecules and immune cells into the central nervous system. the bbb is formed by specialized brain endothelial cells that are connected by tight junctions (tj). previous studies have proven that the tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) alters tj protein expression. however, the mechanisms by which the alterations occur have not been characterized in detail. in this s ... | 2011 | 22197032 |
| fine epitope specificity of anti-erythropoietin antibodies reveals molecular mimicry with hiv-1 p17 protein: a pathogenetic mechanism for hiv-1-related anemia. | circulating autoantibodies to endogenous erythropoietin (anti-epo) are detected in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients and represent a risk factor for anemia. the aim of this study was to map the b-cell epitopes on the epo molecule. | 2011 | 21849287 |
| aflatoxin levels, plasma vitamins a and e concentrations, and their association with hiv and hepatitis b virus infections in ghanaians: a cross-sectional study. | micronutrient deficiencies occur commonly in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. since aflatoxin exposure also results in reduced levels of several micronutrients, hiv and aflatoxin may work synergistically to increase micronutrient deficiencies. however, there has been no report on the association between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiencies in hiv-infected people. we measured aflatoxin b1 albumin (af-alb) adduct levels and vitamins a and e concentrations in the ... | 2011 | 22078415 |
| photoinactivation of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) particles that remain in the blood of patients are frequently ignored as targets for aids treatment. we therefore investigated the use of photodynamic therapy (pdt) with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (hmme) as a means of inactivating cell-free hiv in vitro. virus particles including hiv-1(iiib), resistant hiv-1 variants, hiv-1 clinical variants, and hiv-2 variants were incubated with hmme for 40 min, followed by irradiation with a 630-nm semiconductor laser ... | 2011 | 22045116 |
| replication-independent expression of anti-apoptosis marker genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with the wild-type hiv-1 and reverse transcriptase variants. | abstract clinical trials with highly-active antiretroviral therapy (haart) have shown that a substantial number of patients continue to show a decrease in viral load and/or increase or stable cd4(+) t-cell numbers even in the presence of multidrug resistant (mdr) viruses. we compared replication capacity (rc) and expression of anti-apoptosis marker genes (aamgs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm) cells infected with nl4-3 (wild-type; wt) and mutant viruses. replication kinetics assays ... | 2012 | 22239233 |
| sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics of youth reporting hiv testing in three caribbean countries. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing is the gateway to treatment and care of hiv infection, however little is known about the hiv testing behaviours among caribbean youth. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hiv testing and to examine associations of hiv testing with sociodemographic characteristics and risk behaviours. | 2011 | 22224338 |
| report of four simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants in hiv-positive recipients with favorable outcomes. | the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cart) dramatically changed the view of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection as an exclusion criterion for solid organ transplantation, resulting in worldwide reports of successful transplants in hiv-infected individuals. however, there are few reports on simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in hiv-positive recipients detailing poor outcomes. a series of four pancreas-kidney transplant performed on hiv-infected individuals between 2006 and ... | 2012 | 22221659 |
| opium and opioid abuse in orthopedic inpatients: a cross sectional study in urmia university of medical sciences. | during a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the urmia university of medical sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3 women) with the mean age of 38 were opium/opioid users. most of the patients used opium through inhala ... | 2012 | 22267382 |
| impact of hepatitis c viral clearance on cd4+ t-lymphocyte course in hiv/hcv coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. | the long-term impact of pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin (peg-ifn-rbv) treatment outcome on cd4 t-cell course in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) is unknown. aim of this study was to investigate the impact of hcv-rna clearance by standard anti-hcv therapy on long-term cd4 cells recovery in hiv/hcv patients on successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cart). we retrospectively enrolled hiv/hcv coinfected patients on stable cart, treated ... | 2012 | 22220723 |
| epistatic interactions between fc (gm) and fcγr genes and the host control of human immunodeficiency virus replication. | host genetic factors are thought to contribute to the interindividual differences in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication. the aim of the present investigation was to determine whether genes encoding gm and km allotypes-genetic markers of immunoglobulin γ and κ chains, respectively-and those encoding fcγ receptor (fcγr) iia and iiia are associated with the host control of hiv replication. a case-control design was employed among hiv-infected subjects, with a group that s ... | 2011 | 22213007 |
| akinetic mutism caused by hiv-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was successfully treated with mefloquine: a serial multimodal mri study. | we report a case of a patient with highly active anti-retroviral therapy-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). the patient showed an improvement in imaging findings and clinical symptoms after mefloquine was introduced as an additional treatment. serial assessment of white matter lesions was conducted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)h-mrs) and diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi). as the clinical symptoms improved, the ... | 2012 | 22246492 |
| hiv and malnutrition: effects on immune system. | hiv or human immunodeficiency virus infection has assumed worldwide proportions and importance in just a span of 25 years. continuous research is being done in many parts of the world regarding its treatment and vaccine development, and a lot of money has flown into this. however, fully understanding the mechanisms of immune depletion has still not been possible. the focus has also been on improving the quality of life of people living with hiv/aids through education, counselling, and nutritiona ... | 2012 | 22242039 |
| toxoplasmosis hospitalizations in the united states, 2008, and trends, 1993-2008. | background. toxoplasmosis-related hospitalizations often occur in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and other causes of immunosuppression.methods. using the national inpatient sample (nis) from the healthcare cost and utilization project, we examined trends in toxoplasmosis-related hospitalizations by hiv infection status from 1993 through 2008, and rates by sex and race or ethnicity in 2008. the nis is designed to represent a 20% sample of us community hospitals and curr ... | 2012 | 22267718 |
| human trna(lys3)(uuu) is pre-structured by natural modifications for cognate and wobble codon binding through keto-enol tautomerism. | human trna(lys3)(uuu) (htrna(lys3)(uuu)) decodes the lysine codons aaa and aag during translation and also plays a crucial role as the primer for hiv-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) reverse transcription. the posttranscriptional modifications 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm(5)s(2)u(34)), 2-methylthio-n(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)a(37)), and pseudouridine (ψ(39)) in the trna's anticodon domain are critical for ribosomal binding and hiv-1 reverse transcription. to u ... | 2011 | 22227389 |
| rise in rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis in western cape, south africa. | brewelskloof hospital, western cape, south africa. | 2012 | 22236920 |
| maternal vitamin d status and child morbidity, anemia, and growth in human immunodeficiency virus-exposed children in tanzania. | background:: vitamin d may help prevent adverse pediatric outcomes, including infectious diseases and growth failure, based on its role in immune and metabolic functions. we examined the association of maternal vitamin d status and pediatric health outcomes in children born to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women. methods:: vitamin d status was determined in 884 hiv-infected pregnant women at 12 to 27 weeks of gestation in a trial of vitamin supplementation (not excluding vitamin d) ... | 2012 | 22252204 |
| association between hiv-related risk behaviors and hiv testing among high school students in the united states, 2009. | objective: to identify the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related risk behaviors associated with hiv testing among us high school students who reported ever having sexual intercourse. design: secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. setting: the 2009 national youth risk behavior survey. participants: a total of 7591 us high school students who reported ever having sexual intercourse. main exposures risk behaviors related to hiv. main outcome measure having ever been tested for hiv ... | 2012 | 22213606 |
| perceptions of sexual risk compensation following posttrial hiv vaccine uptake among young south africans. | concerns about the impact of risk compensation on advances in biomedical human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention technologies have been documented. we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions with young south african men and women (aged 18 to 24 years) to explore perceptions of risk compensation with regard to a hypothetical posttrial hiv vaccine. during the discussions, participants expressed their disquiet about the potential for risk compensation and the ... | 2012 | 22218269 |
| position 22 of the v3 loop is associated with co-receptor usage and disease progression in hiv-1 subtype b isolates. | our goal in this study was to analyze position 22 of the v3 loop associated with co-receptor usage and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) subtype b infection. bioinformatics approaches were used to compare the amino acid sequence and secondary structure of the v3 loop of the ccr5-tropic virus and cxcr4-tropic virus in hiv-1 subtype b. hiv-1 subtype b v3 amino acid sequence files in the fasta format were collected from the hiv sequence database. the amino acid sequ ... | 2011 | 22211656 |
| knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophylaxis among doctors in a nigerian tertiary hospital. | background: the mainstay of prevention of occupationally-acquired hiv infection is compliance with universal precautions. appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis is an integral part of prevention, control and workplace safety. this study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge of post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among doctors in federal medical centre, gombe, nigeria. materials and methods: ethical committee approval for the conduct of the study w ... | 2011 | 22248951 |
| genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis. | introduction: this study aimed at defining protease (pr) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (drv) failure and pr resistance evolution at drv failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients. results: overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. the mean number of pr mutations at baseline was 2.7, bu ... | 2012 | 22237471 |
| a randomized trial of methadone initiation prior to release from incarceration. | abstract individuals who use heroin and illicit opioids are at high risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other blood-borne pathogens, as well as incarceration. the purpose of the randomized trial reported here is to compare outcomes between participants who initiated methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) prior to release from incarceration, with those who were referred to treatment at the time of release. participants who initiated mmt prior to release were significan ... | 2012 | 22263710 |
| introducing catastrophe-qsar. application on modeling molecular mechanisms of pyridinone derivative-type hiv non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | the classical method of quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) is enriched using non-linear models, as thom's polynomials allow either uni- or bi-variate structural parameters. in this context, catastrophe qsar algorithms are applied to the anti-hiv-1 activity of pyridinone derivatives. this requires calculation of the so-called relative statistical power and of its minimum principle in various qsar models. a new index, known as a statistical relative power, is constructed as an eu ... | 2011 | 22272148 |
| hcv coinfection does not alter the frequency of regulatory t cells or cd8+ t cell immune activation in chronically infected hiv+ chinese subjects. | regulatory t cell (treg) is a subset of cd4+ t cells that play a critical role in regulating the immune responses. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with t cell abnormalities and alters effector t cell function. there are a large number of patients coinfected with hiv and hepatitis c virus (hcv). here, we evaluated the proportion of cd4+ treg cells expressing cd25 and foxp3, and the status of immune activation of cd8+t cells in 60 chinese patients chronically infected wi ... | 2012 | 22214236 |
| high human immunodeficiency virus incidence in a cohort of rwandan female sex workers. | measurement of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) incidence among female sex workers in rwanda is a key part of preparing for hiv prevention trials. | 2011 | 22256340 |
| hepatitis c virus-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. | as a result of shared modes of transmission, chronic hepatitis c infection is common in hiv-infected patients, particularly among those who have used injection drugs as well as men who have sex with men (msms). in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy, hcv infection has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. over the last decade, treatment with peginterferon (peg-ifn) plus ribavirin (rbv) has been recommended for coinfected patients who are at the greatest risk for ... | 2012 | 22212583 |
| past, present, and future of entry inhibitors as hiv microbicides. | preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is the main goal of numerous studies trying to develop an effective vaccine and microbicide agents. here we review the use of antiretroviral drugs to inhibit viral entry as potential hiv microbicides. after the failure of nonoxynol-9 microbicide strategies shifted towards the use of compounds creating a physical barrier to virus attachment (e.g., surfactants) or inhibit the virus in the vaginal milieu (e.g., polyanions). these ... | 2012 | 22264042 |
| cd4+ cell count and hiv load as predictors of size of anal warts over time in hiv-infected women. | background. little is known about the associations between cd4(+) cell counts, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) load, and human papillomavirus "low-risk" types in noncancerous clinical outcomes. this study examined whether cd4(+) count and hiv load predict the size of the largest anal warts in 976 hiv-infected women in an ongoing cohort. methods. a linear mixed model was used to determine the association between size of anal wart and cd4(+) count and hiv load. results. the incidence of anal wa ... | 2012 | 22246682 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphism-defined class i and class iii major histocompatibility complex genetic subregions contribute to natural long-term nonprogression in hiv infection. | we performed a genome-wide association study comparing a cohort of 144 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv type 1-infected, untreated white long-term nonprogressors (ltnps) with a cohort of 605 hiv-1-infected white seroconverters. forty-seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), located from class i to class iii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) subregions, show statistical association (false discovery rate, <0.05) with the ltnp condition, among which 5 reached genome-wide significance aft ... | 2012 | 22238471 |
| analysis of the pkr-eif2alpha phosphorylation homology domain (pephd) of hepatitis c virus genotype 1 in hiv-coinfected patients by ultra-deep pyrosequencing and its relationship to responses to pegylated interferon-ribavirin treatment. | chronic coinfection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is among the greatest challenges facing public health worldwide. in this population, the response to hepatitis c therapy by treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (peg-ifn+rbv) is lower than in hcv-monoinfected patients, particularly in those infected by hcv genotype 1. a pkr/eif-2α phosphorylation homology domain (pephd) within the e2 protein has been found to interact with pkr and inhibit pkr in ... | 2012 | 22270759 |
| high prevalence of drug resistance amongst hiv-exposed and -infected children in a tuberculosis prevention trial. | an emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (dr-tb) in settings affected by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and tuberculosis (tb) has been observed. we investigated the prevalence of dr-tb in p1041, a multicentred, randomised, double-blind trial which compared the administration of isoniazid (inh) to placebo, in hiv-exposed, non-infected and -infected african infants in the absence of any documented tb exposure. the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tb (mdr-tb) was 22.2% (95%ci 8.5-45.8) and ... | 2012 | 22236919 |
| is inadequate human immunodeficiency virus care associated with increased ed and hospital utilization? a prospective study in human immunodeficiency virus-positive ed patients. | background: there is a lack of data on the effect(s) of suboptimal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) care on subsequent health care utilization among emergency department (ed) patients with hiv. findings on their ed and inpatient care utilization patterns will provide information on service provision for those who have suboptimal access to hiv-related care. methods: a pilot prospective study was conducted on hiv-positive patients in an ed. at enrollment, participants were interviewed regarding ... | 2012 | 22244221 |
| direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis c virus infections in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | nearly three-quarters of human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis c virus (hiv-hcv) coinfected patients in france currently need to be cured of their chronic hcv infection. the increase in sustained virological response rates obtained with the recently available hcv protease inhibitors in treatment-naïve genotype-1 patients has generated considerable hope in these co-infected patients. however, several particularities (such as a higher baseline hcv load, more advanced liver fibrosis, frequent co-m ... | 2011 | 22248699 |
| structural dynamics of retroviral genome and the packaging. | retroviruses can cause diseases such as aids, leukemia, and tumors, but are also used as vectors for human gene therapy. all retroviruses, except foamy viruses, package two copies of unspliced genomic rna into their progeny viruses. understanding the molecular mechanisms of retroviral genome packaging will aid the design of new anti-retroviral drugs targeting the packaging process and improve the efficacy of retroviral vectors. retroviral genomes have to be specifically recognized by the cognate ... | 2011 | 22232618 |
| [prevalences and risk factors associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, syphilis and bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in burkina faso]. | this purpose of this study was to determine prevalences and risk factors associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, syphilis and bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in burkina faso. from february 20 to march 20, 2009, 300 prisoners over 18 years of age held in ouagadougou were selected to take part in this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. sociodemographic data, confinement information (number, motive and prison time), medical history, s ... | 2011 | 22235618 |
| successful maternal-foetal outcome using nitric oxide and sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension with atrial septal defect and hiv infection. | pulmonary hypertension associated with pregnancy carries a poor prognosis. we describe successful maternal-foetal outcome for a 30-year-old woman who was found to have severe pulmonary hypertension, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and an atrial septal defect. prior to delivery, she was managed with subcutaneous enoxaparine, sildenafil, nitric oxide, careful maintenance of a euvolemic status and antiretroviral therapy. she was planned for an elective caesarean section to reduce the risk of mat ... | 2012 | 22252195 |
| impact of the nurse-led case management program with retention in care on mortality among people with hiv-1 infection: a prospective cohort study. | background: long-term retention of patients in care is emerging as an important factor for the mortality among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. objectives: the study was to determine the impact of the case management with retention in care on mortality among hiv infected patients. design and settings: a longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hiv-designated hospital in taiwan. participants: charts from 1040 patients who had made at lea ... | 2012 | 22269137 |
| computational modeling methods for qsar studies on hiv-1 integrase inhibitors (2005-2010). | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) integrase is an emerging target for novel antiviral drugs. quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) models for hiv-1 integrase inhibitors have been developed to understand the protein-ligand interactions to aid in the design of more effective analogs. this review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the computational modeling methods and results of qsar models of hiv-1 integrase inhibitors published in 2005-2010. these qsar models ... | 2012 | 22242796 |
| risk factors for prolonged treatment of lymph node tuberculosis. | lymph node tuberculosis (lntb) is the most frequent form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (tb). randomised, controlled trials have convincingly demonstrated that 6 months of chemotherapy is sufficient for most drug-susceptible lntb. we performed a retrospective, multicentric study from 1997 to 2010 to describe factors associated with prolonged anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with lntb. of 126 patients diagnosed with lntb, 22 (17.5%) were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected. the me ... | 2012 | 22230257 |
| aetiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of meningitis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis. | we conducted a retrospective review of confirmed hiv-tb coinfected patients previously enrolled as part of the sapit study in durban, south africa. patients with suspected meningitis were included in this case series. from 642 individuals, 14 episodes of meningitis in 10 patients were identified. for 8 patients, this episode of meningitis was the aids defining illness, with cryptococcus (9/14 episodes) and tuberculosis (3/14 episodes) as the commonest aetiological agents. the combination of head ... | 2011 | 22216407 |
| lessons from chimpanzee-based research on human disease: the implications of genetic differences. | assertions that the use of chimpanzees to investigate human diseases is valid scientifically are frequently based on a reported 98-99% genetic similarity between the species. critical analyses of the relevance of chimpanzee studies to human biology, however, indicate that this genetic similarity does not result in sufficient physiological similarity for the chimpanzee to constitute a good model for research, and furthermore, that chimpanzee data do not translate well to progress in clinical prac ... | 2011 | 22243397 |
| aciclovir treatment for human immunodeficiency virus-1: is the “juice worth the squeeze?”. | | 2011 | 22256341 |
| rifampicin-monoresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis disease among children in cape town, south africa. | tygerberg children's hospital (tch) and brooklyn chest hospital (bch), south africa. | 2012 | 22236850 |
| association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and abnormalities of vision in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | purpose: to investigate relationships between contrast sensitivity (cs), color vision, and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) among people with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection; to evaluate the effect of time since diagnosis of hiv infection on rnfl thickness. design: noninterventional cross-sectional study. methods: we evaluated 102 eyes of 57 hiv-infected individuals without ocular opportunistic infections. peripapillary rnfl thickness was determined with spectral-domain optical cohe ... | 2012 | 22245459 |
| the hiv-1 transactivator factor (tat) induces enterocyte apoptosis through a redox-mediated mechanism. | the intestinal mucosa is an important target of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. hiv virus induces cd4+ t cell loss and epithelial damage which results in increased intestinal permeability. the mechanisms involved in nutrient malabsorption and alterations of intestinal mucosal architecture are unknown. we previously demonstrated that hiv-1 transactivator factor (tat) induces an enterotoxic effect on intestinal epithelial cells that could be responsible for hiv-associated diarrhea. s ... | 2011 | 22216281 |
| human herpesvirus 8-associated lymphoma mimicking cutaneous anaplastic large t-cell lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | primary effusion lymphoma, a human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8)-associated lymphoma, is uncommon, and it is usually seen in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. it presents as a body cavity-based lymphomatous effusion, but several cases of the so-called solid primary effusion lymphoma presenting as solid tumors without associated lymphomatous effusion have been reported. they have similar clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypical features. most of them have a b-cell genotype. t ... | 2012 | 22211369 |
| [construction, expression and immunogenicity analysis of a tat n-terminus-deleted mutant fusion protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1]. | in the study, a gene encoding tat protein n terminal 1- 21 amino acid residues-deleted mutant (tat22-101) was amplified by pcr from a full length tat gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and the prokaryotic expression plasmid pet32a-tat22-101 was constructed. after identification by digestion with endonucleases and sequencing, the recombinant plasmid pet32a-tat22-101 was transformed into e. coli bl21(de3) and expressed with iptg induction. the mutant fusion protein with deleted tat n ter ... | 2011 | 22263271 |
| vaccine design for cd8 t lymphocyte responses. | vaccines are arguably the most powerful medical intervention in the fight against infectious diseases. the enormity of the global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic makes the development of an aids vaccine a scientific and humanitarian priority. research on vaccines that induce t-cell immunity has dominated much of the recent development effort, mostly because of disappointing efforts to induce neutralizing antibodies through vaccination. ... | 2011 | 22229122 |
| host cell species-specific effect of cyclosporine a on simian immunodeficiency virus replication. | abstract: background: an understanding of host cell factors that affect viral replication contributes to elucidation of the mechanism for determination of viral tropism. cyclophilin a (cypa), a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase), is a host factor essential for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in human cells. however, the role of cyclophilins in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) replication has not been determined. in the present study, we examined ... | 2012 | 22225545 |
| impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status and the response to therapeutic feeding of people living with human immunodeficiency virus. | the role of household food security (hfs) in the occurrence of wasting and the response to food-based intervention in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (plhiv), especially adults, is still controversial and needs investigation. | 2011 | 22259239 |
| humanized mouse models of hiv-1 latency. | the existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of hiv-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. these latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive hiv-1 infection. this classic scenario of viral latency becomes even more difficult to study and model due to the extreme complexity of translating in vivo virus-cell interactions into a controlled in vitr ... | 2011 | 22211664 |
| the effect of changes in condom usage and antiretroviral treatment coverage on human immunodeficiency virus incidence in south africa: a model-based analysis. | this study aims to assess trends in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) incidence in south africa, and to assess the extent to which prevention and treatment programmes have reduced hiv incidence. two models of the south african hiv epidemic, the sti (sexually transmitted infection)-hiv interaction model and the assa2003 aids and demographic model, were adapted. both models were fitted to age-specific hiv prevalence data from antenatal clinic surveys and household surveys, using a bayesian approa ... | 2012 | 22258551 |
| prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in inmates recently incarcerated in a men's prison in barcelona. | to study the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) in prisoners. | 2012 | 22236847 |
| magnetic bead technology for viral rna extraction from serum in blood bank screening. | nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) was recently recommended by brazilian legislation and has been implemented at some blood banks in the city of são paulo, brazil, in an attempt to reduce blood-born transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c virus. | 2011 | 22218513 |
| postexposure infant prophylaxis in high-risk situations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. | | 2012 | 22217976 |
| human polyomaviruses jc and bk in the urine of brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by hiv. | the aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion of the bk (bkv) and jc (jcv) human polyomaviruses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children and adolescents. one hundred and fifty-six patients were enrolled: group i included 116 hiv-infected children and adolescents [median age = 11.4 years (y); range 1-22 y]; group ii included 40 non-hiv-infected healthy controls (median age = 11.37 y; range 7-16 y). single urine samples from both groups were screened fo ... | 2011 | 22241113 |
| hepatitis b in the united states: ongoing missed opportunities for hepatitis b vaccination, evidence from the behavioral risk factor surveillance survey, 2007. | purpose: in the usa, the burden of hepatitis b disproportionately affects high-risk adults who alone account for more than 75% of newly reported hepatitis b virus infections each year. despite the localization of new infections in identifiable high-risk groups, vaccination rates in this subgroup, with the exception of health care workers, remain consistently low. the purpose of this study was to characterize those at risk for hepatitis b transmission and quantify the associ ... | 2012 | 22237474 |
| long-term membranous glomerulonephritis as the presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the coexistence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is unusual, but the occurrence of sle after hiv infection is even less common. both conditions share similar clinical features including constitutional symptoms, facial rash, oral ulcers, alopecia, arthralgias, arthritis, seizures, cytopenias, glomerulonephritis, and antinuclear and antiphospholipid antibodies. this clinical overlap makes the diagnosis of sle in a patient with pre-existing hiv ... | 2012 | 22249649 |