| the effect of a conditional cash transfer on hiv incidence in young women in rural south africa (hptn 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. | cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce hiv-infection risk for young women in sub-saharan africa. however, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing hiv acquisition. we aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on hiv incidence among young women in rural south africa. | 2016 | 27815148 |
| incidence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 seroconversion among pregnant women in uganda: a prospective study. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) acquired during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes such as perinatal hsv-2 transmission. hsv-2 seroconversion occurs within four weeks of hsv-2 acquisition. there was neither documented incidence nor risk factors for hsv-2 seroconversion during pregnancy in uganda. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for hsv-2 seroconversion among pregnant women in mulago hospital, uganda. | 2016 | 27801374 |
| prevalence and determinants of hsv-2/syphilis co-infection and hsv-2 mono-infection among hiv-positive men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in northeast china. | we aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) mono-infection and hsv-2/syphilis co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive men who have sex with men (msm) in china. a cross-sectional study was conducted on 545 hiv-positive msm in shenyang between february 2009 and october 2014. participants received physical examinations and serological tests for hsv-2 and syphilis. a multinomial logistic regression was used to identify risk factors as ... | 2016 | 27795468 |
| rna-binding protein cpeb1 remodels host and viral rna landscapes. | host and virus interactions occurring at the post-transcriptional level are critical for infection but remain poorly understood. here, we performed comprehensive transcriptome-wide analyses revealing that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection results in widespread alternative splicing (as), shortening of 3' untranslated regions (3' utrs) and lengthening of poly(a)-tails in host gene transcripts. we found that the host rna-binding protein cpeb1 was highly induced after infection, and ectopic exp ... | 2016 | 27775709 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in arkhangelsk, northwest russia: a population-based cross-sectional study. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (gud) worldwide. mother to child transmission causes high morbidity and mortality among infants. russia is on the brink of a generalized hiv-epidemic, but arkhangelsk is still a low-prevalence area. hsv-2 infection is associated with a three-fold increased risk of hiv-infection. the evidence on the seroprevalence of hsv-2 in russia is limited. the aim of this study was to assess hsv-2 seroprevalence a ... | 2016 | 27793121 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2-associated recurrent aseptic meningitis (mollaret's meningitis) with a recurrence after 11-year interval: a case report. | a 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with aseptic meningitis at the age of 43 and 44. she developed sudden fever and headache, and she showed nuchal rigidity. cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis (cell count 208/mm(3)) and was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna by pcr. acyclovir was started on the first day of admission, and she was complete recovery. preserved cerebrospinal fluid specimen from aseptic meningitis at the age of 44 was also positive for hsv-2 dna by ... | 2016 | 27773908 |
| high seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 and herpes simplex virus 2 infections in men who have sex with men in shanghai, china. | men who have sex with men (msm) are an important risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and at high-risk of herpesvirus infection. however, limited information on epidemiologic patterns of hhv8 and hsv2 among msm is available in mainland china. a cross-sectional study of 486 participants was performed in shanghai, china from january 2013 to december 2014 to explore epidemiologic features of hhv8 and hsv2 among msm. serum samples were collected and tested for hhv8 by immunofluoresence ... | 2017 | 27769110 |
| association of depressed mood with herpes simplex virus-2 immunoglobulin-g levels in pregnancy. | depressed mood is common in pregnancy, is associated with stress, and could result in immune suppression that may lead to latent herpes viral reactivation. this study investigated whether depressed mood is associated with higher herpes viral igg levels in pregnant women. | 2016 | 27490851 |
| genital hsv shedding among kenyan women initiating antiretroviral therapy. | genital ulcer disease (gud) prevalence increases in the first month of antiretroviral treatment (art), followed by a return to baseline prevalence by month 3. since most gud is caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), we hypothesized that genital hsv detection would follow a similar pattern after treatment initiation. | 2017 | 27683204 |
| hiv positive patient with hsv-2 encephalitis: case report. | incidence of brain infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients is reduced after the availability of current high active antiretroviral therapy (haart). herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is an infrequent cause of encephalitis in hiv patients despite it is frequently involved in sexual transmitted infections. here, we report a case of hsv-2 encephalitis occurring in a patient without full suppression of hiv replication within the brain. a 38 year-old hiv infected man was a ... | 2016 | 27668908 |
| hsv2 reactivation and myelitis following influenza vaccination. | we report the case of a 57 year-old woman who developed transverse myelitis and acute hsv-2 reactivation following influenza vaccination. over the next 5 years, she experienced a fluctuating course of improvement and regression for both myelitis and herpes. | 2017 | 27668461 |
| anti-apoptotic function of herpes simplex virus -2 latency-associated transcript rl1 sequence and screening of its encoded micrornas. | the latency-associated transcript (lat) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 is the only detectable viral gene expressed during latent infection in neurons. lat inhibits apoptosis and maintains latency by promoting the survival of infected neurons. however, whether lat functions during hsv-2 infection via its encoded rnas or via its encoded proteins remain unknown. increasing evidence has indicated that lat is likely to functionally promote the establishment of latent infection via lat-encoded m ... | 2016 | 27663158 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) -specific cell-mediated immune responses in guinea pigs during latent hsv-2 genital infection. | genital infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) are a source of considerable morbidity and are a health concern for newborns exposed to virus during vaginal delivery. additionally, hsv-2 infection diminishes the integrity of the vaginal epithelium resulting in increased susceptibility of individuals to infection with other sexually transmitted pathogens. understanding immune protection against hsv-2 primary infection and immune modulation of virus shedding events following reactivati ... | 2016 | 27659010 |
| [factors related to syphilis and other infections among female drug users in shandong women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center in 2015]. | objective: to analyze the prevalence of hiv, syphilis and related factors among female drug users in shandong women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center(swcdrc). methods: during may 2015, we used a cluster sampling method for drug users in swcdrc, with a questionnaire and serological testing. we included respondents who volunteered to take part in this study, had clear histories of drug abuse, and had no symptoms of psychosis or current drug use; 451 women participated. the questionnaire addr ... | 2016 | 27655604 |
| immune responses elicited by the gen-003 candidate hsv-2 therapeutic vaccine in a randomized controlled dose-ranging phase 1/2a trial. | gen-003 is a candidate therapeutic hsv-2 vaccine containing a fragment of infected cell protein 4 (icp4.2), a deletion mutant of glycoprotein d2 (gd2δtmr), and matrix-m2 adjuvant. in a dose-ranging phase 1/2a clinical trial, immunization with gen-003 reduced viral shedding and the percentage of reported herpetic lesion days. here we examine the immune responses in the same trial, to characterize vaccine-related changes in antibody and cell-mediated immunity. | 2016 | 27642130 |
| linear biocompatible glyco-polyamidoamines as dual action mode virus infection inhibitors with potential as broad-spectrum microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases. | the initial steps of viral infections are mediated by interactions between viral proteins and cellular receptors. blocking the latter with high-affinity ligands may inhibit infection. dc-sign, a c-type lectin receptor expressed by immature dendritic cells and macrophages, mediates human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection by recognizing mannose clusters on the hiv-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. mannosylated glycodendrimers act as hiv entry inhibitors thanks to their ability to block this rece ... | 2016 | 27641362 |
| marital age disparity among orphaned young women and their husbands: a mixed methods study in rural zimbabwe. | our study reports the results from a mixed method study comparing age-similar (as) marriages of orphaned young women to age disparate (ad) marriages, defined as spousal age difference of 5 or more years. research in zimbabwe and sub-saharan africa suggests that ad sexual relationships between older men and young women increase the risk for hiv but few studies have examined this association among married couples or explored why young women marry much older men. in this study, a total of 35 orphan ... | 2016 | 27614653 |
| effects of female sex hormones on susceptibility to hsv-2 in vaginal cells grown in air-liquid interface. | the lower female reproductive tract (frt) is comprised of the cervix and vagina, surfaces that are continuously exposed to a variety of commensal and pathogenic organisms. sexually transmitted viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), have to traverse the mucosal epithelial lining of the frt to establish infection. the majority of current culture systems that model the host-pathogen interactions in the mucosal epithelium have limitations in simulating physiological conditions as they ... | 2016 | 27589787 |
| ficus religiosa l. bark extracts inhibit infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. | ficus religiosa extracts have been used in traditional indian medicine to treat sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and genital ulcers. the aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral activity of f. religiosa extracts against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), the main causative agent of genital ulcers and sores. water and chloroform bark extracts were the most active against hsv-2, and also against an acyclovir-resistant strain. we demonstrate that the water extract has a ... | 2016 | 27581805 |
| secreted herpes simplex virus-2 glycoprotein g alters thermal pain sensitivity by modifying ngf effects on trpv1. | genital herpes is a painful disease frequently caused by the neurotropic pathogen herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). we have recently shown that hsv-2-secreted glycoprotein g (sgg2) interacts with and modulates the activity of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (ngf). this interaction modifies the response of the ngf receptor trka, increasing ngf-dependent axonal growth. ngf is not only an axonal growth modulator but also an important mediator of pain and inflammation regulating the amount, ... | 2016 | 27576911 |
| mzc gel inhibits shiv-rt and hsv-2 in macaque vaginal mucosa and shiv-rt in rectal mucosa. | the population council's microbicide gel mzc (also known as pc-1005) containing miv-150 and zinc acetate dihydrate (za) in carrageenan (cg) has shown promise as a broad-spectrum microbicide against hiv, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and human papillomavirus. previous data show antiviral activity against these viruses in cell-based assays, prevention of vaginal and rectal simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (shiv-rt) infection, and reduction of vaginal hsv shedding in rhesus m ... | 2017 | 27552154 |
| progesterone augments cell susceptibility to hiv-1 and hiv-1/hsv-2 co-infections. | in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected women, oral or injectable progesterone containing contraceptive pills may enhance hiv-1 acquisition in vivo, and the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. in developing countries, herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) co-infection has been shown to be a risk for increase of hiv-1 acquisition and, if co-infected women use progesterone pills, infections may increase several fold. in this study, we used an in vitro cell culture ... | 2016 | 27538988 |
| could zinc oxide tetrapod nanoparticles be used as an effective immunotherapy against hsv-2? | | 2016 | 27527812 |
| mechanistic studies of viral entry: an overview of dendrimer-based microbicides as entry inhibitors against both hiv and hsv-2 overlapped infections. | this review provides an overview of the development of different dendrimers, mainly polyanionic, against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and genital herpes (hsv-2) as topical microbicides targeting the viral entry process. vaginal topical microbicides to prevent sexually transmitted infections such as hiv and hsv-2 are urgently needed. to inhibit hiv/hsv-2 entry processes, new preventive targets have been established to maximize the current therapies against wild-type and drug-resistant virus ... | 2017 | 27518199 |
| attitudes and willingness to assume risk of experimental therapy to eradicate genital herpes simplex virus infection. | current treatment of genital herpes is focused on ameliorating signs and symptoms but is not curative. however, as potential herpes simplex virus (hsv) cure approaches are tested in the laboratory, we aimed to assess the interest in such studies by persons with genital herpes and the willingness to assume risks associated with experimental therapy. | 2016 | 27513383 |
| oral treatment with valacyclovir for hsv-2-associated eczema herpeticum in a 9-month-old infant: a case report. | eczema herpeticum is a rare, severe, and disseminated infection of herpes simplex virus in the setting of eczematous skin diseases. | 2016 | 27442669 |
| first-in-human trial of miv-150 and zinc acetate coformulated in a carrageenan gel: safety, pharmacokinetics, acceptability, adherence, and pharmacodynamics. | to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of miv-150 and zinc acetate in a carrageenan gel (pc-1005). acceptability, adherence, and pharmacodynamics were also explored. | 2016 | 27437826 |
| in vitro exposure to pc-1005 and cervicovaginal lavage fluid from women vaginally administered pc-1005 inhibits hiv-1 and hsv-2 infection in human cervical mucosa. | our recent phase 1 trial demonstrated that pc-1005 gel containing 50 μm miv-150, 14 mm zinc acetate dihydrate, and carrageenan (cg) applied daily vaginally for 14 days is safe and well tolerated. importantly, cervicovaginal lavage fluid samples (cvls) collected 4 or 24 h after the last gel application inhibited hiv-1 and human papillomavirus (hpv) in cell-based assays in a dose-dependent manner (miv-150 for hiv-1 and cg for hpv). herein we aimed to determine the anti-hiv and anti-herpes simplex ... | 2016 | 27381393 |
| a recombinant plasmid containing cpg motifs as a novel vaccine adjuvant for immune protection against herpes simplex virus 2. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna vaccine co‑immunized with a plasmid adjuvant containing cpg motifs. a novel eukaryotic expression plasmid vector containing kanamycin resistance gene (pcdna3kan) was acquired from pet‑28a(+) and pcdna3 plasmids. a gene encoding full length hsv‑2 glycoprotein d (gd) was amplified from the pcdna3‑gd plasmid, which was cloned into pcdna3kan resulting in the construction of the recombinant plasmid ... | 2016 | 27357208 |
| herpes simplex virus 2 virion host shutoff endoribonuclease activity is required to disrupt stress granule formation. | we previously established that cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) are disrupted in their ability to form stress granules (sgs) in response to oxidative stress and that this disruption is mediated by virion host shutoff protein (vhs), a virion-associated endoribonuclease. here, we test the requirement for vhs endoribonuclease activity in disruption of sg formation. we analyzed the ability of hsv-2 vhs carrying the point mutation d215n, which ablates its endoribonuclease activity, ... | 2016 | 27334584 |
| development and application of a rapid detection system for human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus-2 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is an important factor that causes cervical cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer (nmsc), while hsv-2 plays an important role when hr-hpv triggers the cancer. thus, a quick and convenient assay in the detection of hpv and hsv-2in the screening of hpv and hsv-2 infection is required. two respective hpv and hsv-2 detection methods were established based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. specific outer primers, inner primers, and loop primers ... | 2016 | 27287497 |
| prevention of vaginal and rectal herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission in mice: mechanism of antiviral action. | topical microbicides to stop sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), are urgently needed. the emerging field of nanotechnology offers novel suitable tools for addressing this challenge. our objective was to study, in vitro and in vivo, antiherpetic effect and antiviral mechanisms of several polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers with anti-hiv-1 activity to establish new potential microbicide candidates against sexually transmitted diseases. plaque reduction assay ... | 2016 | 27274240 |
| high rates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in homeless women: informing public health strategies. | homeless and unstably housed women living in an urban setting are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, yet the seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) specific to impoverished women are poorly understood. | 2016 | 27243474 |
| herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis presenting as unilateral disc swelling in young immunocompetent patients. | to report two cases of young immunocompetent males with herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis (hsv arn) with initial diagnosis of unilateral disc swelling. | 2016 | 27230575 |
| access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires cd4 t-cell help. | circulating antibodies can access most tissues to mediate surveillance and elimination of invading pathogens. immunoprivileged tissues such as the brain and the peripheral nervous system are shielded from plasma proteins by the blood-brain barrier and blood-nerve barrier, respectively. yet, circulating antibodies must somehow gain access to these tissues to mediate their antimicrobial functions. here we examine the mechanism by which antibodies gain access to neuronal tissues to control infectio ... | 2016 | 27225131 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: cluster of unrelated cases in an intensive care unit. | herpes simplex viruses, which are associated with various clinical manifestations, can be transmitted to critically ill patients from other patients or health care staff. we report an apparent outbreak of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus 2 infections (5 cases in 10 weeks). an epidemiologic investigation and genotype analysis showed no connections among the 5 cases. | 2016 | 27198455 |
| formative work and community engagement approaches for implementing an hiv intervention in botswana schools. | providing adolescents with evidence-based sexual risk reduction interventions is critical to addressing the hiv/aids epidemic among adolescents in sub-saharan africa. project aim (adult identity mentoring) is an innovative, evidence-based, youth development intervention that is being evaluated for the first time in botswana through a 3-year (2015-2017), 50-school cluster randomized controlled trial, including testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a sexual activity biomarker. conducting a tr ... | 2016 | 27196663 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and ultrasound-diagnosed uterine fibroids in a large population of young african-american women. | for decades reproductive tract infections (rtis) have been hypothesized to play a role in uterine fibroid development. the few previous studies conducted used self-reported history of rtis and had inconsistent findings. we investigated this hypothesis further using serological analysis, an immunological measure of past exposure. we focused on herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) because prior published data have suggested a possible association with fibroids, and serology for hsv-2 is much more s ... | 2016 | 27188945 |
| intravaginal zinc oxide tetrapod nanoparticles as novel immunoprotective agents against genital herpes. | virtually all efforts to generate an effective protection against the life-long, recurrent genital infections caused by hsv-2 have failed. apart from sexual transmission, the virus can also be transmitted from mothers to neonates, and it is a key facilitator of hiv coacquisition. in this article, we uncover a nanoimmunotherapy using specially designed zinc oxide tetrapod nanoparticles (zoten) with engineered oxygen vacancies. we demonstrate that zoten, when used intravaginally as a microbicide, ... | 2016 | 27183601 |
| self-collected genital swabs compared with cervicovaginal lavage for measuring hiv-1 and hsv-2 and the effect of acyclovir on viral shedding. | hiv-1 and hsv-2 are frequent genital co-infections in women. to determine how self-collected genital swabs compare to provider-collected cervicovaginal lavage, paired self-collected genital swabs and cervicovaginal lavage from women co-infected with hiv-1 and hsv-2 were evaluated. women were in an acyclovir clinical trial and their samples were tested for hiv-1 rna (361 samples) and hsv-2 dna (378 samples). virus shedding, quantity and acyclovir effect were compared. hiv-1 and hsv-2 were more fr ... | 2017 | 27179350 |
| in situ detection of regulatory t cells in human genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactivation and their influence on spontaneous hsv-2 reactivation. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactivation is accompanied by a sustained influx of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells that persist in genital tissue for extended periods. while cd4(+) t cells have long been recognized as being present in herpetic ulcerations, their role in subclinical reactivation and persistence is less well known, especially the role of cd4(+) regulatory t cells (tregs). | 2016 | 27117511 |
| vaccination with the secreted glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus 2 induces protective immunity after genital infection. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infects the genital mucosa and establishes a life-long infection in sensory ganglia. after primary infection hsv-2 may reactivate causing recurrent genital ulcerations. hsv-2 infection is prevalent, and globally more than 400 million individuals are infected. as clinical trials have failed to show protection against hsv-2 infection, new vaccine candidates are warranted. the secreted glycoprotein g (sgg-2) of hsv-2 was evaluated as a prophylactic vaccine in mice usi ... | 2016 | 27110813 |
| strong country level correlation between syphilis and hsv-2 prevalence. | background. syphilis is curable but herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) is not. as a result, the prevalence of syphilis but not hsv-2 may be influenced by the efficacy of national sti screening and treatment capacity. if the prevalence of syphilis and hsv-2 is found to be correlated, then this makes it more likely that something other than differential sti treatment is responsible for variations in the prevalence of both hsv-2 and syphilis. methods. simple linear regression was used to evaluate the r ... | 2016 | 27069710 |
| no evidence of pritelivir resistance among herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates after 4 weeks of daily therapy. | pritelivir is a novel helicase-primase inhibitor in clinical development for treatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections. in preclinical work, resistance-mediating mutations were identified in the hsv-2 genome at 3 loci in the ul5 gene and 1 locus in ul52. | 2016 | 27056950 |
| the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in a large cohort of hiv-infected patients, 2006-2014. | | 2016 | 27030927 |
| regulatory t cells are essential to promote proper cd4 t-cell priming upon mucosal infection. | regulatory t cells (tregs) limit autoimmunity and immunopathology using a variety of suppressive mechanisms, but their roles during pathogen-directed immune responses remain unclear. following herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infection, mice lacking tregs fail to control viral replication, pointing to a role for tregs in facilitating productive immune responses. using adoptive transfer of t-cell receptor transgenic cd4 t cells into treg-sufficient or treg-depleted mice prior to hsv-2 infection, we ... | 2016 | 27007674 |
| alphaherpesvirus subversion of stress-induced translational arrest. | in this article, we provide an overview of translational arrest in eukaryotic cells in response to stress and the tactics used specifically by alphaherpesviruses to overcome translational arrest. one consequence of translational arrest is the formation of cytoplasmic compartments called stress granules (sgs). many viruses target sgs for disruption and/or modification, including the alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). recently, it was discovered that hsv-2 disrupts sg formation ... | 2016 | 26999187 |
| accumulation of a soluble form of human nectin-2 is required for exerting the resistance against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in transfected cells. | cell entry of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) requires the interaction of viral glycoprotein d (gd) with the receptor nectin-1 and herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem). in addition, it is known that nectin-2 is also functional as a receptor for hsv-2, although the binding to the gd is weak. to examine an antiviral potential of a soluble form of human nectin-2 (hnectin-2ig), transfected vero cells expressing the entire ectodomain of nectin-2 fused to the fc portion of human igg were established. ... | 2016 | 26982466 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus-2 among pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities in wolaita zone, ethiopia. | herpes simplex virus type-2 is the common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. genital herpes infection is a major concern in pregnancy due to the risk of neonatal transmission. | 2016 | 26979484 |
| novel therapeutic investigational strategies to treat severe and disseminated hsv infections suggested by a deeper understanding of in vitro virus entry processes. | the global burden of herpes simplex virus (hsv) legitimates the critical need to develop new prevention strategies, such as drugs and vaccines that are able to fight either primary hsv infections or reactivations. moreover, the ever-growing number of patients receiving transplants increases the number of severe hsv infections that are unresponsive to current therapies. finally, the high global incidence of genital hsv-2 infection increases the risk of perinatal transmission to newborns, in which ... | 2016 | 26976690 |
| lymphocytic meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. | | 2016 | 26964890 |
| pseudotumoral recto-sigmoid herpes simplex virus type 2 in an hiv-infected patient: dramatic improvement with thalidomide. | | 2016 | 26946154 |
| subclinical generation of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus with mutation of homopolymeric guanosine strings during acyclovir therapy. | suppressive therapy in patients with genital herpes has been used in japan since 2006. susceptibility and resistance of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 to acyclovir were examined in genital isolates from patients receiving suppressive therapy and compared with those from those naïve to acyclovir and receiving episodic treatment with acyclovir. | 2016 | 26917345 |
| smart cup: a minimally-instrumented, smartphone-based point-of-care molecular diagnostic device. | nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostics offer rapid, sensitive, and specific means for detecting and monitoring the progression of infectious diseases. however, this method typically requires extensive sample preparation, expensive instruments, and trained personnel. all of which hinder its use in resource-limited settings, where many infectious diseases are endemic. here, we report on a simple, inexpensive, minimally-instrumented, smart cup platform for rapid, quantitative molecular diagno ... | 2016 | 26900258 |
| evolution of rational vaccine designs for genital herpes immunotherapy. | immunotherapeutic vaccines have emerged as a novel treatment modality for genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease mainly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. the approaches to identify potential vaccine antigens have evolved from classic virus attenuation and characterization of antibody and t cell responses in exposed, but seronegative individuals, to systematic screens for novel t cell antigens. combined with implementation of novel vaccine concepts revolving around immune evasion and ... | 2016 | 26896782 |
| parents' reactions to testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a biomarker of sexual activity in botswana junior secondary school students. | background use of sexual activity biomarkers in hiv prevention trials has been widely supported to validate self-reported data. when such trials involve minors, researchers may face challenges in obtaining parental buy-in, especially if return of results procedures uphold the confidentiality and privacy rights of minors and preclude parental access to test results. in preparation for a randomised controlled trial (rct) with junior secondary school (jss) students in botswana, a formative assessme ... | 2016 | 26886026 |
| treatment of colon cancer with oncolytic herpes simplex virus in preclinical models. | cancer stem cells (cscs), which are a rare population in any type of cancer, including colon cancer, are tumorigenic and responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis. cscs have been isolated from a number of different solid tumors recently, although the isolation of cscs in colon cancer is still challenging. we cultured colon cancer cells in stem cell medium to obtain colonosphere cells. these cells possessed the characteristics of cscs, with a high capacity of tumorigenicity, migration and ... | 2016 | 26871935 |
| incidence of co-infections of hiv, herpes simplex virus type 2 and syphilis in a large cohort of men who have sex with men in beijing, china. | the hiv-epidemic among msm in china has worsened. in this key population, prevalence of hsv-2 and syphilis infection and co-infection with hiv is high. | 2016 | 26820145 |
| dysbiosis-induced il-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa. | commensal microbiota are well known to play an important role in antiviral immunity by providing immune inductive signals; however, the consequence of dysbiosis on antiviral immunity remains unclear. we demonstrate that dysbiosis caused by oral antibiotic treatment directly impairs antiviral immunity following viral infection of the vaginal mucosa. antibiotic-treated mice succumbed to mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection more rapidly than water-fed mice, and also showed delayed viral cl ... | 2016 | 26811463 |
| oasl1 deficiency promotes antiviral protection against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by enhancing type i interferon production. | type i interferon (ifn) interferes with virus replication, promotes antiviral responses, and controls innate and adaptive immune responses to certain viruses. recently, we reported that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (oasl1) negatively regulates type i ifn production by inhibiting the translation of the type i ifn-regulating master transcription factor, irf7. notably, while oasl1-deficient mice induce robust production of type i ifn and are resistant to systemic viral infection, the effe ... | 2016 | 26750802 |
| sustained high prevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in china: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the 1980's economic boom has been associated with a rapid expansion of china's sex industry over the past three decades. consequently, the spread of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and hepatitis infections among female sex workers (fsw) has become an important public health issue in china. this study identifies prevalence and risks of hepatitis and stis in chinese fsws. | 2016 | 26732281 |
| differential mechanisms of tenofovir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate cellular transport and implications for topical preexposure prophylaxis. | intravaginal rings releasing tenofovir (tfv) or its prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tdf), are being evaluated for hiv and herpes simplex virus (hsv) prevention. the current studies were designed to determine the mechanisms of drug accumulation in human vaginal and immune cells. the exposure of vaginal epithelial or t cells to equimolar concentrations of radiolabeled tdf resulted in over 10-fold higher intracellular drug levels than exposure to tfv. permeability studies demonstrated that ... | 2015 | 26711762 |
| transient increase in herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-associated genital ulcers following initiation of antiretroviral therapy in hiv/hsv-2-coinfected individuals. | immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons beginning antiretroviral therapy (art) has been incompletely characterized for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). | 2016 | 26704611 |
| antibodies are required for complete vaccine-induced protection against herpes simplex virus 2. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) 0δnls is a live hsv-2 icp0- mutant vaccine strain that is profoundly attenuated in vivo due to its interferon-hypersensitivity. recipients of the hsv-2 0δnls vaccine are resistant to high-dose hsv-2 challenge as evidenced by profound reductions in challenge virus spread, shedding, disease and mortality. in the current study, we investigated the requirements for hsv-2 0δnls vaccine-induced protection. studies using (uv)-inactivated hsv-2 0δnls revealed that self-lim ... | 2015 | 26670699 |
| pericoital application of tenofovir gel reduced risk for herpes simplex virus type 2 in hiv-negative women. | | 2015 | 26666808 |
| the cholestanol-conjugated sulfated oligosaccharide pg545 disrupts the lipid envelope of herpes simplex virus particles. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and many other viruses, including hiv, initiate infection of host cells by binding to glycosaminoglycan (gag) chains of cell surface proteoglycans. although gag mimetics, such as sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides, exhibit potent antiviral activities in cultured cells, the prophylactic application of these inhibitors as vaginal microbicides failed to protect women upon their exposure to hiv. a possible explanation for this failure is that sulfated oligo- and polysacch ... | 2016 | 26643323 |
| antiviral action of diphenyl diselenide on herpes simplex virus 2 infection in female balb/c mice. | diphenyl diselenide, (phse)2 , is an organoselenium compound with pharmacological actions mostly related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. the study investigated its antiviral and virucidal actions against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection in vitro and in a vaginal infection model in mice. the plaque reduction assay indicated that (phse)2 showed virucidal and antiviral actions reducing infectivity in 70.8% and 47%, respectively. the antiviral action of (phse)2 against hsv-2 ... | 2016 | 26639776 |
| protection from genital herpes disease, seroconversion and latent infection in a non-lethal murine genital infection model by immunization with an hsv-2 replication-defective mutant virus. | viral vaccines have traditionally protected against disease, but for viruses that establish latent infection, it is desirable for the vaccine to reduce infection to reduce latent infection and reactivation. while seroconversion has been used in clinical trials of herpes simplex virus (hsv) vaccines to measure protection from infection, this has not been modeled in animal infection systems. to measure the ability of a genital herpes vaccine candidate to protect against various aspects of infectio ... | 2016 | 26609935 |
| δpk oncolytic activity includes modulation of the tumour cell milieu. | oncolytic virotherapy is a unique cancer therapeutic that encompasses tumour cell lysis through both virus replication and programmed cell death (pcd) pathways. nonetheless, clinical efficacy is relatively modest, likely related to the immunosuppressive tumour milieu. our studies use the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-based oncolytic virus δpk that has documented anti-tumour activity associated with virus replication, pcd and cancer stem cell lysis. they are designed to examine whether δpk- ... | 2016 | 26602205 |
| multipurpose prevention approaches with antiretroviral-based formulations. | we compared the preclinical safety and efficacy of tenofovir (tfv) 1% gel with that of mzc gel [containing 50 μm miv-150, 14 mm zn(o2cch3)2(h2o)2, and 3% carrageenan] through a series of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. the two gels showed good antiviral therapeutic indexes (50% cytotoxic concentration/50% effective concentration ratios; range, >25 to 800). mzc showed greater anti-simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (shiv-rt) activity than tfv 1% gel in rhesus macaque ... | 2016 | 26596943 |
| effect of condom use on per-act hsv-2 transmission risk in hiv-1, hsv-2-discordant couples. | the efficacy of condoms for protection against transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has been examined in a variety of populations with different effect measures. often the efficacy has been assessed as change in hazard of transmission with consistent vs inconsistent use, independent of the number of acts. condom efficacy has not previously measured on a per-act basis. | 2016 | 26578538 |
| hexagonal-shaped chondroitin sulfate self-assemblies have exalted anti-hsv-2 activity. | the initial step in mucosal infection by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) requires its binding to certain glycosaminoglycans naturally present on host cell membranes. we took advantage of this interaction to design biomimetic supramolecular hexagonal-shaped nanoassemblies composed of chondroitin sulfate having exalted anti-hsv-2 activity in comparison with native chondroitin sulfate. nanoassemblies were formed by mixing hydrophobically-modified chondroitin sulfate with α-cyclodextrin in w ... | 2016 | 26572336 |
| a novel hsv-2 subunit vaccine induces gla-dependent cd4 and cd8 t cell responses and protective immunity in mice and guinea pigs. | there is currently no licensed prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine for hsv-2 infection. | 2016 | 26571309 |
| current concepts for genital herpes simplex virus infection: diagnostics and pathogenesis of genital tract shedding. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is a dna virus that is efficiently transmitted through intimate genital tract contact and causes persistent infection that cannot be eliminated. hsv-2 may cause frequent, symptomatic self-limited genital ulcers, but in most persons infection is subclinical. however, recent studies have demonstrated that the virus is frequently shed from genital surfaces even in the absence of signs or symptoms of clinical disease and that the virus can be transmitted during these p ... | 2016 | 26561565 |
| a herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) gd mutant impaired for neural tropism is superior to an hsv-2 gd subunit vaccine to protect animals from challenge with hsv-2. | a recent phase 3 trial with soluble herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2t) in adjuvant failed to show protection against genital herpes. we postulated that live attenuated hsv-2 would provide more hsv antigens for induction of virus-specific antibodies and cellular immunity than would gd2t. we previously reported an hsv-2 mutant, hsv2-gd27, in which the nectin-1 binding domain of gd2 is altered so that the virus is impaired for infecting neural cells, but not epithelial cells, in v ... | 2015 | 26559846 |
| gene expression profiles from disease discordant twins suggest shared antiviral pathways and viral exposures among multiple systemic autoimmune diseases. | viral agents are of interest as possible autoimmune triggers due to prior reported associations and widely studied molecular mechanisms of antiviral immune responses in autoimmunity. here we examined new viral candidates for the initiation and/or promotion of systemic autoimmune diseases (said), as well as possible related signaling pathways shared in the pathogenesis of those disorders. rna isolated from peripheral blood samples from 33 twins discordant for said and 33 matched, unrelated health ... | 2015 | 26556803 |
| induction of interferon-λ contributes to tlr3 and rig-i activation-mediated inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 replication in human cervical epithelial cells. | is it possible to immunologically activate human cervical epithelial cells to produce antiviral factors that inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) replication? | 2015 | 26502803 |
| genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding among adults with and without hiv infection in uganda. | despite the high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in sub-saharan africa, the natural history of infection among africans is not well characterized. we evaluated the frequency of genital hsv shedding in hiv-seropositive and hiv-seronegative men and women in uganda. | 2016 | 26486633 |
| differences in risk behaviours and hiv/sti prevalence between low-fee and medium-fee female sex workers in three provinces in china. | to better understand risk behaviours and factors associated with low-fee female sex workers (fsw) and support hiv/sexually transmitted infections (sti) epidemic control among this key population in china. | 2016 | 26474599 |
| hiv infection in u.s. household population aged 18-59: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2012. | this report presents estimates of hiv prevalence, the association of hiv status with key risk factors, and the prevalence of antiretroviral drug use among hiv-infected adults, based on the 2007–2012 national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes). | 2015 | 26460726 |
| the combined risks of reduced or increased function variants in cell death pathway genes differentially influence cervical cancer risk and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among black africans and the mixed ancestry population of south africa. | cervical cancer is one of the most important cancers worldwide with a high incident and mortality rate and is caused by the human papilloma virus (hpv). among sexually active women who get infected with human papillomavirus (hpv), a small fraction progresses to cervical cancer disease pointing to possible roles of additional risk factors in development of the disease which include host genetic factors and other infections such as hsv-2. since cellular apoptosis plays a role in controlling the sp ... | 2015 | 26458812 |
| multiple strokes associated with herpes simplex virus type-2 infection: case report. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-2 is known to cause meningitis and usually runs a benign course. association of such infection with vasculitis of the central nervous system is not well known. presented here is a case initially diagnosed as aseptic meningitis that subsequently evolved as stroke and exhibited angiographic evidence of widespread vasculitis of the intracranial vessels in association with a positive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hsv-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). | 2016 | 26443565 |
| precision of the kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 igg elisa: an international inter-laboratory assessment. | the commercial kalon hsv-2 igg elisa is currently recommended for research use in sub-saharan africa because of its superior accuracy compared to other serologic assays. however, there are no data on key precision parameters of kalon such as inter-operator variation, repeatability, and reproducibility, thus contributing to a barrier for its acceptance and use in clinical trials in sub-saharan africa. we evaluated the analytical and field precision of the kalon hsv-2 igg elisa. | 2015 | 26423888 |
| pedilanthus tithymaloides inhibits hsv infection by modulating nf-κb signaling. | pedilanthus tithymaloides (pt), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat a number of skin conditions. to extend its utility and to fully exploit its medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a methanolic extract of pt leaves and its isolated compounds against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). bioactivity-guided studies revealed that the extract and one of its constituents, luteolin, had potent antiviral activity against wild-type and clini ... | 2015 | 26405764 |
| genetic diversity within alphaherpesviruses: characterization of a novel variant of herpes simplex virus 2. | very low levels of variability have been reported for the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) genome. we recently described a new genetic variant of hsv-2 (hsv-2v) characterized by a much higher degree of variability for the ul30 gene (dna polymerase) than observed for the hg52 reference strain. retrospective screening of 505 clinical isolates of hsv-2 by a specific real-time pcr assay targeting the ul30 gene led to the identification of 13 additional hsv-2v isolates, resulting in an overall prevalen ... | 2015 | 26401046 |
| multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products. | worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (srh) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (stis) including hiv. multipurpose prevention technologies (mpts) combine protection against two or more srh risks into one product. male and female condoms are the only currently available mpt products, but several other forms of mpts are in development. we examined the global distribution of selected srh issues to determine where various risks have the greatest ge ... | 2016 | 26385588 |
| painful and multiple anogenital lesions are common in men with treponema pallidum pcr-positive primary syphilis without herpes simplex virus coinfection: a cross-sectional clinic-based study. | chancres, the hallmark of primary syphilis, are classically described as single, painless ulcers at the site of treponema pallidum inoculation. we aimed to determine the frequency of painful or multiple anogenital lesions of primary syphilis among men, whether there was concurrent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and whether hiv status altered clinical presentations. | 2016 | 26378262 |
| griffithsin and carrageenan combination to target herpes simplex virus 2 and human papillomavirus. | extensive preclinical evaluation of griffithsin (grft) has identified this lectin to be a promising broad-spectrum microbicide. we set out to explore the antiviral properties of a grft and carrageenan (cg) combination product against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) and human papillomavirus (hpv) as well as determine the mechanism of action (moa) of grft against both viruses. we performed the experiments in different cell lines, using time-of-addition and temperature dependence experiments to diff ... | 2015 | 26369967 |
| estimating the total annual direct cost of providing sexually transmitted infection and hiv testing and counseling for men who have sex with men in the united states. | the centers for disease control and prevention recommends annual sexually transmitted infection (sti) and hiv testing and counseling for men who have sex with men (msm) in the united states. we estimated the annual total direct medical cost of providing recommended sti and hiv testing and counseling services for msm in the united states. | 2015 | 26366510 |
| resistance testing of clinical herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates collected over 4 decades. | there is only little information about the role of mutations of the thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase (pol) genes of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) for the development of antiviral resistance. in this study, the polymorphism of tk and dna pol genes was examined in 82 clinical isolates collected routinely between 1973 and 2013. if novel, presently unclear or resistance-related mutations were found, the resistance phenotype against acyclovir (acv) and foscarnet (fos) was analyzed. the ... | 2015 | 26338148 |
| herpes simplex virus: the interplay between hsv, host, and hiv-1. | herpes simplex virus proteins interact with host (human) proteins and create an environment conducive for its replication. genital ulceration due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections is an important clinical manifestation reported to increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) acquisition and replication in hiv-1/hsv-2 coinfection. dampening the innate and adaptive immune responses of the skin-resident dendritic cells, hsv-2 not only helps itself, but creates a ... | 2015 | 26331265 |
| gold magnetic nanoparticle conjugate-based lateral flow assay for the detection of igm class antibodies related to torch infections. | in this study, a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (lfia) system for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies, related to torch [(t)oxoplasmosis, (o)ther agents, (r)ubella (also known as german measles), (c)ytomegalovirus, and (h)erpes simplex virus infections], based on gold magnetic nanoparticles, was established. following modification with poly(methacrylic acid), the gold magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with an anti‑human igm antibody (μ‑chain specific) to construct a prob ... | 2015 | 26329478 |
| correlates to seroprevalent herpes simplex virus type 2 among rural appalachian drug users. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease and, along with substance abuse, an important hiv risk factor. therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine hsv-2 seroprevalence in a sample of drug users in rural appalachia. rural appalachian individuals age 18 or older reporting non-medical use of prescription opioids, heroin, crack/cocaine, or methamphetamine in the past 6 months (n = 499) were included. behavioral, demographic, and sexual network da ... | 2016 | 26288383 |
| sexual minority health disparities in adult men and women in the united states: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2001-2010. | we used nationally representative data to investigate health disparities associated with sexual minority status among adults in the united states. | 2015 | 26270288 |
| severe oropharyngitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in an immunocompetent adult. | | 2015 | 26263352 |
| [effectiveness of polycationic nanoparticles of polyethyleneimine-polyhydrozide-chitosan (pei-pg-ochg) as a vector for small inter- fering rna, directed to suppress herpes simplex type 2 virus replication]. | evaluation of an antiviral effect of mirna in the nanoparticles of a polycationic compound against mrna of vp16 protein (ul48 gene) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. materials and methods. 50% aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (bdh, great britain), chitosan, containing approximately 15% of n-acetylated glucosamine chains (sonat, russia), hydrazine-hydrate and other chemical reagents (chimmed, russia); vero continuous cell line, ms hsv-2 virus were used. vero cells were cultiva ... | 2015 | 26259267 |
| semi-parametric spatial joint modeling of hiv and hsv-2 among women in kenya. | several diseases have common risk factors. the joint modeling of disease outcomes within a spatial statistical context may provide more insight on the interaction of diseases both at individual and at regional level. spatial joint modeling allows for studying of the relationship between diseases and also between regions under study. one major approach for joint spatial modeling is the multivariate conditional autoregressive approach. in this approach, it is assumed that all the covariates in the ... | 2015 | 26258939 |
| basal autophagy is required for herpes simplex virus-2 infection. | autophagy is a conserved catabolic process of the cell, which plays an important role in regulating plethora of infections. the role of autophagy in herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infection is unknown. here, we found that hsv-2 does not allow induction of an autophagic response to infection, but maintains basal autophagy levels mostly unchanged during productive infection. thus, we investigated the importance of basal autophagy for hsv-2 infection, using pharmacological autophagy suppression or ... | 2015 | 26248741 |
| tenofovir gel for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | globally, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease. effective prevention strategies for hsv-2 infection are needed to achieve the goals of the world health organization global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections. | 2015 | 26244306 |
| expression and characterization of the gd protein of hsv-2 fused to the tetramerization domain of the transcription factor p53. | the highly immunogenic glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a very important element for entry of this virus into host cells. these characteristics have made this protein a very interesting hsv-2 subunit vaccine candidate. despite efforts to prevent genital herpes using gd-based subunit vaccines, to date, clinical trials using this antigen have failed. therefore, using a small animal model, we sought to determine if a tetramerized truncated form of gd subunit vaccine, pr ... | 2015 | 26209556 |