| effect of feed consumption levels on growth performance and carcass composition during the force-feeding period in foie gras production of male mule ducks. | in order to avoid excess feed consumption during the force-feeding period in foie gras production, a dose-response experiment with seven feed consumption levels (450, 540, 630, 720, 810, 900, 990 g/day per bird) was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed consumption levels on growth performance and carcass composition of male mule ducks from 91 to 102 days of age. one-day-old mule ducklings (sterile and artificial hybrid of male albatre muscovy duck and female pekin duck were fed a two-phase ... | 2016 | 26948181 |
| dietary threonine response of pekin ducks from hatch to 14 d of age based on performance, serology, and intestinal mucin secretion. | two experiments were conducted to determine the dietary threonine (thr) requirement of pekin ducks from hatch to 14 d of age. in experiment 1, practical corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to contain 0.78, 0.84, 0.90, 0.96, and 1.02% thr (0.74, 0.83, 0.88, 0.92, and 1.00% thr on an analyzed basis). in experiment 2, corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 11 crystalline amino acids were formulated to contain 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, and 1.10% thr (0.60, 0.75, 0.89, 0.95, 1.01, and 1.09 ... | 2016 | 26944967 |
| high prevalence and putative lineage maintenance of avian coronaviruses in scandinavian waterfowl. | coronaviruses (covs) are found in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and constitute a risk for zoonotic and emerging infectious disease. in poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of some coronaviruses have been well described, but little is known about the features of covs in wild birds. in this study we screened 764 samples from 22 avian species of the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes in sweden collected in 2006/2007 for cov, with an overall cov pr ... | 2016 | 26938459 |
| emergence and development of h7n9 influenza viruses in china. | the occurrence of human infections with avian h7n9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in china. influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the h9n2 viruses enzootic in chickens. a large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for ... | 2016 | 26922715 |
| triple-yolked eggs in domestic ducks: a rare occurrence. | multiple-yolked avian eggs, and especially triple-yolked (ty) eggs, are rare. over two years, 48,224 duck eggs (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were individually candled and seven (0.0145%) ty eggs were identified in a commercial breeding and incubation environment. when compared with double-yolked eggs (salamon and kent,2016) their mean weight, length, width and shape index did not differ, but their dimensions were greater than for single-yolked duck eggs. yolk fertility in the ty eggs was low ( ... | 2016 | 26908889 |
| development of endothermy and concomitant increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in the precocial pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | attaining endothermic homeothermy occurs at different times post-hatching in birds and is associated with maturation of metabolic and aerobic capacity. simultaneous measurements at the organism, organ and cellular levels during the transition to endothermy reveal means by which this change in phenotype occurs. we examined development of endothermy in precocial pekin ducks ( italic! anas platyrhynchos domestica) by measuring whole-animal o2consumption ( italic! v̇o2 ) as animals cooled from 35 to ... | 2016 | 26896549 |
| biological characterization of metanephric mesenchymal stem cells from the beijing duck. | mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) possess self-proliferation and multi-directional differentiation abilities. previous studies on mscs have mostly focused on the bone marrow, lungs, pancreas and umbilical cord blood, with few studies on metanephric tissues in ducks. for the present study, the beijing duck was selected as an experimental animal. duck embryo metanephric mesenchymal stem cells (mmscs) were studied. mmsc isolation culture, analysis of biological characteristics, induced differentiation ... | 2016 | 26893628 |
| timing and location of reproduction in african waterfowl: an overview of >100 years of nest records. | the timing and location of reproduction are fundamental elements of reproductive success for all organisms. understanding why animals choose to reproduce at particular times and in particular places is also important for our understanding of other aspects of organismal ecology, such as their habitat requirements, movement strategies, and biogeography. although breeding patterns in waterfowl are relatively well documented, most studies are from northern temperate regions and the influences of loc ... | 2016 | 26865954 |
| developmental ossification sequences of the appendicular and axial skeleton in kuttanad duck embryos (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | the processes of ossification sequences are poorly investigated for birds in general, even for domestic and experimental species and when it comes to the waterfowl it is almost negligible. such sequences constitute a rich source of data on character evolution, and may even provide phylogenetic information. a pre-hatch developmental study on ossification sequences of axial and appendicular skeletal system in kuttanad duck embryos was undertaken using 78 viable embryos. from day 3 to day 7 of incu ... | 2016 | 26862514 |
| global transcriptional expression in ovarian follicles from tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos) with a high-fertilization rate. | novel candidates for biomarkers of a high-fertilization rate were identified here through global transcriptional profiling of ovarian follicles. some other differentially expressed candidate genes were first noted to influence animal reproduction in our previous cdna microarray analysis and are now recognized as markers for marker-assisted selection. in the present study, we compared gene expression in ovarian follicles from animals with high- and low-fertilization rates using an oligonucleotide ... | 2016 | 26861074 |
| light and electron microscopic study of mature spermatozoa from white pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos): an ultrastructural and molecular analysis. | the morphology, ultrastructure, and functions of mature avian spermatozoa have been of immense commercial and scientific interest for several reasons. this is mainly important in case of birds in poultry production, conservation, and in the use of sperm morphometry as phylogenetic evidence. avian spermatozoa share complex or no correlation of sperm morphometry with respect to testis and/or body size as described before. in this work, we have isolated mature spermatozoa from white pekin duck (ana ... | 2016 | 26824840 |
| discovering all transcriptome single-nucleotide polymorphisms and scanning for selection signatures in ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | the duck is one of the most economically important waterfowl as a source of meat, eggs, and feathers. characterizing the genetic variation in duck species is an important step toward linking genes or genomic regions with phenotypes. human-driven selection during duck domestication and subsequent breed formation has likely left detectable signatures in duck genome. in this study, we employed a panel of >1.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) identified from the rna sequencing (rna-seq ... | 2015 | 26819540 |
| ventilation changes associated with hatching and maturation of an endothermic phenotype in the pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos domestica. | precocial birds begin embryonic life with an ectothermic metabolic phenotype and rapidly develop an endothermic phenotype after hatching. switching to a high-energy, endothermic phenotype requires high-functioning respiratory and cardiovascular systems to deliver sufficient environmental oxygen to the tissues. we measured tidal volume (vt), breathing frequency (ƒ), minute ventilation (v̇e), and whole-animal oxygen consumption (v̇o2) in response to gradual cooling from 37.5°c (externally pipped p ... | 2016 | 26818053 |
| isolation and detection of duck astrovirus cph: implications for epidemiology and pathogenicity. | the transmission routes of duck astrovirus cph (dastv/cph) and its pathogenicity in duck embryos were investigated. using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) developed in this study, dastv/cph was detected in 23/50 fresh droppings of breeder ducks, 39/65 breeding eggs, 26/31 dead embryos, and 6/10 newly hatched ducklings, which were taken from a pekin duck farm where dastv/cph had previously been identified. this finding, and the detection of dastv/cph in 36/130 dead-in-sh ... | 2016 | 26814629 |
| snps in the 5'-regulatory region of the tyrosinase gene do not affect plumage color in ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | tyrosinase, encoded by the tyr gene, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of melanin pigment. in this study, plumage color separation was observed in cherry valley duck line d and f1 and f2 hybrid generations of liancheng white ducks. gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were applied to the 5'-regulatory region of tyr, to explore the connection between tyr sequence variation and duck plumage color. four snps were found in the 5'-regulatory region. the snps were in tight linkage an ... | 2015 | 26782512 |
| molecular cloning, characterisation and functional analysis of the duck forkhead box o3 (foxo3) gene. | 1. the forkhead box o3 (foxo3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator of cell fate that controls proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. however, the role of foxo3 regulation in duck myoblasts is not fully understood. 2. the aim of this study was to clone and determine the complete coding sequence (cds) of the duck foxo3 gene and to assess its function in myoblasts. 3. primers specific for the predicted duck foxo3 gene were designed using the public mallard duck reference sequence in ... | 2016 | 26751098 |
| prevalence of wenyonella philiplevinei infection in linwu ducks in linwu county, subtropical china. | wenyonella philiplevinei is one of the pathogens causing coccidiasis in ducks. the prevalence of w. philiplevinei infection in linwu ducks (a chinese local domesticated duck) was investigated in linwu county (an area of hunan province) of hunan province, subtropical china from march 2014 to february 2015. two hundred fifty-eight of 1800 (14.3 %) linwu ducks were found to be infected with w. philiplevinei. to identify the species identity of the collected samples, a portion of the 18s rdna was am ... | 2016 | 26712362 |
| experimental infection of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses to chickens, ducks, tree sparrows, jungle crows, and black rats for the evaluation of their roles in virus transmission. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have spread in both poultry and wild birds. determining transmission routes of these viruses during an outbreak is essential for the control of avian influenza. it has been widely postulated that migratory ducks play crucial roles in the widespread dissemination of hpaivs in poultry by carrying viruses along with their migrations; however close contacts between wild migratory ducks and poultry are less likely in modern industrial poultry farming ... | 2016 | 26711036 |
| comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two types of ducks, peking duck (anas platyrhychos) and muscovy duck (cairina moschata). | peking duck (anas platyrhychos) and muscovy duck (cairina moschata) are two types of domestic ducks and the most popular meat breeds on the world. in this study, we sequenced and compared complete mitochondrial genomes of both breeds. in order to investigate the phylogeny of both breeds within anseriformes, the sequences of concatenated 12 protein-coding genes were used for phylogenetic analysis. the result was consistent with most of the previous morphological and molecular studies. our complet ... | 2017 | 26710879 |
| efficacy of dl-methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid in comparison to dl-methionine in growing male white pekin ducks. | the present study was performed to assess the bioefficacy of dl-methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid (mha) in comparison to dl-methionine (dlm) as sources of methionine for growing male white pekin ducks in the first 3 wk of life. for this aim, 580 1-day-old male ducks were allocated into 12 treatment groups and received a basal diet that contained 0.29% of methionine, 0.34% of cysteine and 0.63% of total sulphur containing amino acids or the same diet supplemented with either dlm or mha in amo ... | 2016 | 26706358 |
| influence of grand-mother diet on offspring performances through the male line in muscovy duck. | in mammals, multigenerational environmental effects have been documented by either epidemiological studies in human or animal experiments in rodents. whether such phenomena also occur in birds for more than one generation is still an open question. the objective of this study was to investigate if a methionine deficiency experienced by a mother (g0) could affect her grand-offspring phenotypes (g2 hybrid mule ducks and g2 purebred muscovy ducks), through their muscovy sons (g1). muscovy drakes ar ... | 2015 | 26690963 |
| spatial requirements of poultry assessed by using a colour-contrast method (kobaplan). | sufficient floor space is a fundamental precondition for poultry to perform normal behavioural patterns. to calculate and determine stocking densities, it is essential to know the absolute minimum surface area required by any given animal (body space). additional space is required for characteristic behaviours (behavioural space) and for adequate inter-individual distances, group sizes and room to perform social interactions have to be taken into account. to calculate body space, planimetric mea ... | 2016 | 26654762 |
| molecular cloning of peking duck toll-like receptor 3 (dutlr3) gene and its responses to reovirus infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). among the tlrs, tlr3 is involved in the recognition of double-stranded rna. this study was designed to explore the relationship between dutlr3 and duck reovirus (drv) infection. | 2015 | 26634454 |
| transcriptional profiling identifies location-specific and breed-specific differentially expressed genes in embryonic myogenesis in anas platyrhynchos. | skeletal muscle growth and development are highly orchestrated processes involving significant changes in gene expressions. differences in the location-specific and breed-specific genes and pathways involved have important implications for meat productions and meat quality. here, rna-seq was performed to identify differences in the muscle deposition between two muscle locations and two duck breeds for functional genomics studies. to achieve those goals, skeletal muscle samples were collected fro ... | 2015 | 26630129 |
| regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck--an in vitro study. | the aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. the pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine. the pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light:12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs ... | 2015 | 26618598 |
| impact of thermal stress during incubation on gene expression in embryonic muscle of peking ducks (anasplatyrhynchos domestica). | changes in temperature will influence poultry embryonic muscle development. however, little is known about the changes in molecular processes impacted by incubation temperature in avians. in this study, we investigated the effects of increasing the incubation temperature by 1°c from day 11-20 on the embryonic and posthatch skeletal muscle development of the peking duck, and identified the differentially expressed genes using rna-seq of leg muscle tissues. the results showed that altering the inc ... | 2015 | 26590459 |
| identification of the long-sought leptin in chicken and duck: expression pattern of the highly gc-rich avian leptin fits an autocrine/paracrine rather than endocrine function. | more than 20 years after characterization of the key regulator of mammalian energy balance, leptin, we identified the leptin (lep) genes of chicken (gallus gallus) and duck (anas platyrhynchos). the extreme guanine-cytosine content (∼70%), the location in a genomic region with low-complexity repetitive and palindromic sequence elements, the relatively low sequence conservation, and low level of expression have hampered the identification of these genes until now. in vitro-expressed chicken and d ... | 2016 | 26587783 |
| differences in hindlimb morphology of ducks and chickens: effects of domestication and selection. | poultry account for the most numerous species farmed for meat and have been subject to intense selection over approximately 60 generations. to assess morphological changes which have occurred in the avian leg due to selection for rapid growth and high meat yields, divergent lines of chicken (gallus gallus) and duck (anas platyrhynchos) were studied between 3 and 7 weeks of age. for each line, femoral and tibiotarsal morphology was recorded using computed tomography scanning and tibiotarsal bone ... | 2015 | 26576729 |
| effects of postmortem temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of prerigor pekin duck breast muscles. | the effects of postmortem (pm) temperature on prerigor pekin duck breast muscle quality were assessed. breast meat was obtained from 90 ducks within 15 min pm and then divided into 3 storage temperature groups at 0, 15, and 30°c for 24 h pm. results revealed that the meat stored at 0°c had a higher ph value than that stored at 30°c. the r-value tended to increase between 15 min, 2 h, and 24 h pm, whereas the water-holding capacity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing storage time. ... | 2016 | 26574035 |
| lead exposure reduces carotenoid-based coloration and constitutive immunity in wild mallards. | the ingestion of spent lead (pb) from ammunition is a known cause of mortality in waterfowl, but little is known about sublethal effects produced by pb poisoning on birds, especially in wild populations. the authors studied potential sublethal effects associated with pb exposure in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from the ebro delta (northeastern spain) after a ban on pb ammunition. they analyzed the relationships between blood pb levels and oxidative stress, immune response, and carotenoid-based ... | 2016 | 26551027 |
| de novo transcriptome assembly and identification of genes associated with feed conversion ratio and breast muscle yield in domestic ducks. | breast muscle yield and feed conversion efficiency are the major breeding aims in duck breeding. understanding the role of specific transcripts in the muscle and small intestine might lead to the elucidation of interrelated biological processes. in this study, we obtained jejunum and breast muscle samples from two strains of peking ducks that were sorted by feed conversion ratio (fcr) and breast muscle percentage into two-tailed populations. ten rna-seq libraries were developed from the pooled s ... | 2015 | 26545935 |
| effects of pax3 and pax7 expression on muscle mass in the pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | this study aimed to investigate whether the differential expression of muscle development-related genes is one of the reasons why muscle development differs between pekin, jianchang, and heiwu ducks, which are all domesticated duck breeds (anas platyrhynchos domestica) breeds. at 2 weeks of age, the rna expression of paired box 7 (pax7), paired box 3 (pax3), myogenic differentiation antigen (myod), and myogenin (myog) genes were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and pax3 and pa ... | 2015 | 26436390 |
| levels of total mercury in tissues of mallard drakes from industrialized wetlands area. | the distribution of total mercury in the bodies of drake mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) inhabiting an industrialized wetland area in southern poland was studied. the median hg concentration in tissue of various bones (0.017 µg/g w.w.) was statistically lower than the concentration found in muscle tissue (0.023 µg/g w.w.) and in internal organ tissue samples calculated across the whole range of organ types (0.036 µg/g w.w.). the median concentrations in muscle tissue and organ tissue were com ... | 2016 | 26408030 |
| hemodynamics of the pectinis oculi artery in american pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | to measure blood velocity parameters of the main detectable branch of the pectinis oculi artery and compare with values found in other arteries in other species to form a hypothesis of the function of the pecten oculi in birds. | 2016 | 26398920 |
| species of apatemon szidat, 1928 and australapatemon sudarikov, 1959 (trematoda: strigeidae) from new zealand: linking and characterising life cycle stages with morphology and molecules. | species of apatemon szidat, 1928 and australapatemon sudarikov, 1959 are reported from new zealand for the first time, and their life cycles are resolved using molecular sequence data (28s and its rdna regions and mitochondrial coi). the metacercaria of apatemon sp. 'jamiesoni' ex gobiomorphus cotidianus and its cercaria ex potamopyrgus antipodarum are described in detail. its adult, found in anas platyrhynchos and phalacrocorax punctatus, is identified by molecular sequence data. apatemon sp. ' ... | 2016 | 26385467 |
| dietary calcium deficiency in laying ducks impairs eggshell quality by suppressing shell biomineralization. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary calcium deficiency on the process of shell formation. four hundred and fifty female ducks (anas platyrhynchos) at 22 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups. ducks were fed one of two calcium-deficient diets (containing 1.8% or 0.38% calcium, respectively) or a calcium-adequate control diet (containing 3.6% calcium) for 67 days (depletion period) and then all ducks were fed a calcium-adequate diet for an additional 67 days ... | 2015 | 26385336 |
| population levels of phthiraptera on domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos) (anseriformes: anatidae). | three phthirapteran species (two ischnocera and one amblycera) were recovered from hundred ducks in district bareilly and rampur during 2011-2012. prevalence of anaticola crassicornis was comparatively higher (31 %) than that of anatoecus dentatus (16 %) and holomenpon leucoxanthum (28 %). however, the intensity of infestation of h. leucoxanthum (22.89) remained higher than the other two species. distribution pattern of all lice were skewed but negative binomial model was not found to be a good ... | 2015 | 26345073 |
| phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of novel adenoviruses isolated from long-tailed ducks (clangula hyemalis). | novel adenoviruses were isolated from a long-tailed duck (clangula hyemalis) mortality event near prudhoe bay, alaska in 2000. the long-tailed duck adenovirus genome was approximately 27 kb. a 907 bp hexon gene segment was used to design primers specific for the long-tailed duck adenovirus. nineteen isolates were phylogenetically characterized based on portions of their hexon gene and 12 were most closely related to goose adenovirus a. the remaining 7 shared no hexon sequences with any known ade ... | 2015 | 26342465 |
| nematodes in the mallard (anas platyrhynchos linnaeus, 1758) and the common goldeneye (bucephala clangula linnaeus, 1758) (anatidae) from northern europe. | there are first data on nematodes of anas platyrhynchos linnaeus, 1758 (mallard) and bucephala clangula linnaeus, 1758 (common goldeneye) from northern europe (ladoga lake region). the ducks were found to be infected with nine nematode species. a. platyrhynchos hosted eight nematode species and b. clangula was host to four nematode species. all species except capillaria anatis were found in the region for the first time. nematodes amidostomum acutum, streptocara crassicauda, and tetrameres fissi ... | 2015 | 26323580 |
| cloning, expression, and polymorphism at the 5'-flanking region of the gnrh gene and their association with laying traits in muscovy duck (cairina moschata). | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), a neuropeptide, plays a vital role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis. in vertebrates, gnrh is crucial for the onset of sexual development and the entire reproductive process. the purpose of this study was to identify genetic factors associated with egg-laying traits of muscovy ducks. the full-length cdna (474 bp) of muscovy duck gnrh was obtained and characterised. it encodes 92 amino acids containing a 1-amino acid signal peptide cleavage si ... | 2015 | 26218061 |
| ratite oils promote keratinocyte cell growth and inhibit leukocyte activation. | traditionally, native australian aborigines have used emu oil for the treatment of inflammation and to accelerate wound healing. studies on mice suggest that topically applied emu oil may have anti-inflammatory properties and may promote wound healing. we investigated the effects of ratite oils (6 emu, 3 ostrich, 1 rhea) on immortalized human keratinocytes (hacat cells) in vitro by culturing the cells in media with oil concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. peking duck, tea tree, and olive oils w ... | 2015 | 26217022 |
| predicting toxicities of diverse chemical pesticides in multiple avian species using tree-based qsar approaches for regulatory purposes. | a comprehensive safety evaluation of chemicals should require toxicity assessment in both the aquatic and terrestrial test species. due to the application practices and nature of chemical pesticides, the avian toxicity testing is considered as an essential requirement in the risk assessment process. in this study, tree-based multispecies qsar (quantitative-structure activity relationship) models were constructed for predicting the avian toxicity of pesticides using a set of nine descriptors deri ... | 2015 | 26158470 |
| study on metal concentrations in tissues of mallard and pochard from two major wintering sites in southeastern caspian sea, iran. | we examined concentrations of cadmium, chromium, iron, lead and zinc in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle of mallards (anas platyrhynchos; n = 30) and pochards (aythya ferina; n = 30) from two important wintering sites in the southeastern caspian sea in the winter of 2012. mean lead concentrations (µg g(-1) ww) in livers (2.36 ± 1.00) of pochard and in kidneys (3.43 ± 0.91) of mallard exceeded the exposure threshold levels in liver (1.5 µg g(-1) ww) and kidney (3 µg g(-1) ww) of waterfowl. ... | 2015 | 26141923 |
| altered immune response in mallard ducklings exposed to lead through maternal transfer in the wild. | lead (pb) poisoning has caused significant mortality in waterfowl populations worldwide. in spite of having been banned since 2003, prevalence of pb shot ingestion in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from the ebro delta was still 15.5% in 2011-12. we collected mallard eggs from this area to study the effects of maternally transferred pb on eggshell properties and on immune response and oxidative balance of ducklings. eggshell pb levels were positively correlated with pb levels in the blood of duckl ... | 2015 | 26123724 |
| waterfowl foraging in winter-flooded ricefields: any agronomic benefits for farmers? | winter-flooding of ricefields provides foraging habitat to waterfowl, which in return may bring agronomic benefits to farmers. our study experimentally tested the effect of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) on the standing stalks and weed seed bank in the camargue (france), both of which present major challenges for farmers. three duck densities were tested: (d1) 5 ducks ha(-1) (historical nocturnal density), (d2) 23 ducks ha(-1) (present nocturnal density), and (d3) 300 ducks ha(-1) (asian rice-duc ... | 2015 | 26121948 |
| assessing the waddle: an evaluation of a 3-point gait score system for ducks. | impaired walking ability is an economically important welfare problem that affects poultry raised for meat production, including pekin ducks. to gain a better understanding of the impacts of walking impairments on duck production, and to identify contributing variables and plausible remedies, an accurate measure of walking ability must first be defined. the viability of a 3-point gait score system for characterizing the walking abilities of pekin ducks was evaluated. specifically, we examined wh ... | 2015 | 26112033 |
| examination of growth hormone (gh) gene polymorphism and its association with body weight and selected body dimensions in ducks. | the main objective of the study was to assess the polymorphism in intron 2 of the gh gene and its association with some morphological traits (body weight--bw, length of trunk with neck--ltn, length of trunk--lt, chest girth--cg, length of breast bone--lbb, length of shank--ls). polymorphism in intron 2 of the gh gene was evaluated for four duck populations (pekin ducks af51, muscovy ducks from a ck and crammlcff mother and mulard ducks). genetic polymorphism was determined with the pcr-rflp meth ... | 2015 | 26103684 |
| phylogenetic studies of two anas platyrhynchos (anatini: anatinae) in hunan province of china based on complete mitochondrial dna sequences. | in this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial dnas of chinese duck, anas platyrhynchos, population from two different areas of hunan province in china. the anas platyrhynchos breed linwu duck (lw) sample was taken from the linwu county of chenzhou city, and the anas platyrhynchos breed youxian duck (yx) sample was taken from the youxian county of zhuzhou city. the lengths of their complete mitochondrial genome were 16,604 bp (lw) and 16,606 bp (yx), respectively. the organiza ... | 2016 | 26057008 |
| effects of different wavelengths of light on the biology, behavior, and production of grow-out pekin ducks. | previous research has shown that red light conditions may improve growth and decrease aggressive behaviors in chickens and turkeys; however, more recent studies suggest that blue-green light may improve production of broilers over red light. to date, no research has been conducted to examine whether different wavelengths of light have an impact on production in the pekin duck. to determine this, we raised pekin ducks under aviary conditions that were similar to standard commercial barns. the duc ... | 2015 | 26049795 |
| ergot alkaloids in feed for pekin ducks: toxic effects, metabolism and carry over into edible tissues. | hardened sclerotia (ergots) of claviceps purpurea contaminate cereal grains and contain toxic ergot alkaloids (ea). information on ea toxicity in ducks is scarce. therefore, the aim of the growth experiment (day 0-49, n = 54/group) was to titrate the lowest observed adverse effect level (loael) for total ergot alkaloids (tea). a control diet was prepared without ergots, and the diets designated ergot 1 to 4 contained 1, 10, 15 and 20 g ergot per kg diet, respectively, corresponding to tea conten ... | 2015 | 26043275 |
| high-value utilization of egg shell to synthesize silver and gold-silver core shell nanoparticles and their application for the degradation of hazardous dyes from aqueous phase-a green approach. | the common household material, egg shell of anas platyrhynchos is utilized for the synthesis of silver and gold-silver core shell nanoparticles using greener, environment friendly and economic way. the egg shell extracts were acting as a stabilizing and reducing agents. this method avoids the use of external reducing and stabilizing agents, templates and solvents. the effects of various reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, concentration in the formation of nanoparticles have also b ... | 2015 | 25978558 |
| effect of dietary methionine content on growth performance, carcass traits, and feather growth of pekin duck from 15 to 35 days of age. | a study was conducted to establish the response of pekin ducks to dietary met from 15 to 35 d age. experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, and 0.75% met (0.30, 0.39, 0.45, 0.56, and 0.68% on an analyzed basis, respectively) and 0.3% cysteine (0.25, 0.27, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.28% on an analyzed basis, respectively). each diet was fed to 10 pens of 55 ducks/pen. carcass yields and feather growth were determined at 28 and 35 d. results showed that feeding 0.30% met (0.55% ... | 2015 | 25971946 |
| transcriptome analysis of adiposity in domestic ducks by transcriptomic comparison with their wild counterparts. | excessive adiposity is a major problem in the duck industry, but its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. genetic comparisons between domestic and wild animals have contributed to the exploration of genetic mechanisms responsible for many phenotypic traits. significant differences in body fat mass have been detected between domestic and wild ducks. in this study, we used the peking duck and anas platyrhynchos as the domestic breed and wild counterpart respectively and performed a transcriptomic ... | 2015 | 25917302 |
| genetic analysis of h3n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. | five h3n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from live poultry markets (lpms) and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. all viruses were characterized by whole-genome sequencing with subsequent genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis. the hemagglutinin cleavage site of all viruses indicated that the five strains were low-pathogenic aivs. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that the five h3n2 viruses clustered in the eurasian lineage of influenza vir ... | 2015 | 25899857 |
| mycotic keratitis in a khaki campbell duck ( anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | a 1.5-year-old, intact female khaki campbell duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was evaluated for lethargy and a swollen left eye (os). mucoid discharge, chemosis, and conjunctival hyperemia with trace aqueous flare, indicating anterior uveitis, in the anterior chamber were evident on ophthalmic examination. there was no fluorescein stain uptake by the cornea. initial topical antibiotic therapy and systemic anti-inflammatory treatments were unsuccessful, and the lesion progressed to a diffuse, ... | 2014 | 25843471 |
| duck gait: relationship to hip angle, bone ash, bone density, and morphology. | the rapid growth meat birds, including ducks, undergo requires skeletal integrity; however, fast growth may not be conducive to adequate bone structure. a relationship likely exists between skeletal changes and duck mobility. reduced mobility in meat ducks may have impacts on welfare and production. this study examined the relationships among gait score, bone parameters, and hip angle. commercial pekin ducks, ages 14 d (n = 100), 21 d (n = 100), and 32 d (n = 100) were weighed and gait scored wi ... | 2015 | 25810406 |
| genetic characterization of a novel astrovirus in pekin ducks. | three divergent groups of duck astroviruses (dastvs), namely dastv-1, dastv-2 (formerly duck hepatitis virus type 3) and dastv-3 (isolate cph), and other avastroviruses are known to infect domestic ducks. to provide more data regarding the molecular epidemiology of astroviruses in domestic ducks, we examined the prevalence of astroviruses in 136 domestic duck samples collected from four different provinces of china. nineteen goose samples were also included. using an astrovirus-specific reverse ... | 2015 | 25746165 |
| selection for duration of fertility and mule duck white plumage colour in a synthetic strain of ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | a synthetic strain of ducks (anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (ai) with pooled muscovy semen. reciprocal crossbreeding between brown tsaiya lri-2 (with long duration of fertility) and pekin l-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the g0. then g1 were inte ... | 2015 | 25715691 |
| a novel green and template free approach for the synthesis of gold nanorice and its utilization as a catalyst for the degradation of hazardous dye. | herein, we describe a simple, green and template free method for the production of rice shaped gold nanostructures using an aqueous extract of the egg shells of anas platyrhynchos. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by uv-visible, transmission electron microscopy (tem), selected area electron diffraction pattern (saed) and ft-ir studies. the uv-visible spectrum of the synthesized gold nanostructures showed a transverse mode surface plasmon resonance peaks (spr) at around 540nm and ... | 2015 | 25706595 |
| potency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) for induction of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in hepatocyte cultures from chicken, pekin duck, and greater scaup. | the potency of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) for induction of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity was assessed in primary hepatocyte cultures prepared from chicken (gallus domesticus), pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus), and greater scaup (aythya marila). tcdd and 8 of the pahs induced erod activity in a concentration-dependent manner. seven of these were previously shown to be acutely toxic to avian embryos, while the 10 conge ... | 2015 | 25706091 |
| approaching birds with drones: first experiments and ethical guidelines. | unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly called drones, are being increasingly used in ecological research, in particular to approach sensitive wildlife in inaccessible areas. impact studies leading to recommendations for best practices are urgently needed. we tested the impact of drone colour, speed and flight angle on the behavioural responses of mallards anas platyrhynchos in a semi-captive situation, and of wild flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) and common greenshanks (tringa nebularia) in a wetla ... | 2015 | 25652220 |
| outbreak-associated novel avipoxvirus in domestic mallard ducks, china. | | 2015 | 25625217 |
| incubation temperature influences trade-off between structural size and energy reserves in mallard hatchlings. | the reproductive success of precocial birds depends on investments in clutch formation and incubation. egg quality strongly affects the phenotypic traits correlated with survival of the hatchling, but parental ability to maintain incubation temperature can also influence hatchling outcomes. the effect of incubation temperature on hatchling phenotype has been widely studied in reptiles but not in birds. the aim of this study was to explore the effects of egg mass and incubation temperature on the ... | 2015 | 25590589 |
| development of intestinal mucin 2, iga, and polymeric ig receptor expressions in broiler chickens and pekin ducks. | intestinal mucin 2 (muc2), a major gel-forming mucin, represents a primary barrier component of mucus layers and a target site for secretory iga. polymeric ig receptor (pigr) expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelium is used to transport polymeric iga from the lamina propria into luminal mucins to establish the first lines of intestinal defense. to determine the spatio-temporal expression of muc2, iga, and pigr in broiler chickens and pekin ducks, intestinal tissues (n=6/age) were disse ... | 2015 | 25589081 |
| profiles of mrna expression of related genes in the duck hypothalamus-pituitary growth axis during embryonic and early post-hatch development. | in this study, the ontogeny of body and liver weight and the pattern of related gene mrna expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary growth axis (hpga) of two different duck breeds (anas platyrhynchos domestica) were compared during embryonic and post-hatch development. duck hypothalamic growth hormone release hormone (ghrh), somatostatin (ss), pituitary growth hormone (gh), liver growth hormone receptor (ghr) and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-1) mrna were first detected on the 13th embryonic ... | 2015 | 25577952 |
| effects of dietary fermented chlorella vulgaris (cbt(®)) on growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal microflora, tibia bone characteristics, and meat qualities in pekin ducks. | fermented chlorella vulgaris was examined for its effects on growth performance, cecal microflora, tibia bone strength, and meat qualities in commercial pekin ducks. a total of three hundred, day-old male pekin ducks were divided into three groups with five replicates (n = 20 ducklings per replicate) and offered diets supplemented with commercial fermented c. vulgaris (cbt(®)) at the level of 0, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg, respectively for 6 wks. the final body weight was linearly (p = 0.001) increase ... | 2015 | 25557680 |
| the pekin duck programmed death-ligand 1: cdna cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and mrna expression analysis. | programmed death ligand-1 (pd-l1) plays an important role in the attenuation of adaptive immune responses in higher vertebrates. here, we describe the identification of the pekin duck pd-l1 orthologue (dupd-l1) and its gene structure. the dupd-l1 cdna encodes a 311-amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 78% and 42% with chicken and human pd-l1, respectively. mapping of the dupd-l1 cdna with duck genomic sequences revealed an exonic structure of its coding sequence similar to those ... | 2015 | 25556810 |
| in silico prediction of chemical toxicity on avian species using chemical category approaches. | avian species are sensitive to pesticides and industrial chemicals, and hence used as model species in evaluation of chemical toxicity. in present study, we assessed the toxicity of more than 663 diverse chemicals on 17 avian species. all the chemicals were classified into three categories, i.e. highly toxic, slightly toxic and non-toxic, based on the toxicity classification criteria of the united states environmental protection agency (epa). to evaluate these chemicals, the toxicity prediction ... | 2015 | 25532772 |
| wild mallards have more "goose-like" bills than their ancestors: a case of anthropogenic influence? | wild populations of the world's most common dabbling duck, the mallard (anas platyrhynchos), run the risk of genetic introgression by farmed conspecifics released for hunting purposes. we tested whether bill morphology of free-living birds has changed since large-scale releases of farmed mallards started. three groups of mallards from sweden, norway and finland were compared: historical wild (before large-scale releases started), present-day wild, and present-day farmed. higher density of bill l ... | 2014 | 25514789 |
| a nuclear dna-based species determination and dna quantification assay for common poultry species. | dna testing for food authentication and quality control requires sensitive species-specific quantification of nuclear dna from complex and unknown biological sources. we have developed a multiplex assay based on taqman® real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) for species-specific detection and quantification of chicken (gallus gallus), duck (anas platyrhynchos), and turkey (meleagris gallopavo) nuclear dna. the multiplex assay is able to accurately detect very low quantities of species-specific dna fr ... | 2014 | 25477681 |
| genetic characterization of hepadnaviruses associated with histopathological changes in the liver of duck and goose embryos. | avian hepadnaviruses are etiological agents of hepatitis b, that has been identified primarily in ducks, and more recently in various avian species. in this paper, 16 hepadnaviruses were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the field samples from dead embryos of commercially reared domestic duck and goose. based on the molecular analysis of the s-protein gene sequences and phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree, identified viruses were clustered in the same genetic group, indicating no hos ... | 2014 | 25457362 |
| migratory birds reinforce local circulation of avian influenza viruses. | migratory and resident hosts have been hypothesized to fulfil distinct roles in infectious disease dynamics. however, the contribution of resident and migratory hosts to wildlife infectious disease epidemiology, including that of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) in wild birds, has largely remained unstudied. during an autumn h3 lpaiv epizootic in free-living mallards (anas platyrhynchos) - a partially migratory species - we identified resident and migratory host populations using sta ... | 2014 | 25391154 |
| transfer of maternal antibodies against avian influenza virus in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | maternal antibodies protect chicks from infection with pathogens early in life and may impact pathogen dynamics due to the alteration of the proportion of susceptible individuals in a population. we investigated the transfer of maternal antibodies against avian influenza virus (aiv) in a key aiv host species, the mallard (anas platyrhynchos). combining observations in both the field and in mallards kept in captivity, we connected maternal aiv antibody concentrations in eggs to (i) female body co ... | 2014 | 25386907 |
| gene expression patterns, and protein metabolic and histological analyses for muscle development in peking duck. | in this study, we aimed to use duck breast muscle and leg muscle, the 2 main productive muscle organs, as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling how the 2 muscles have different deposition capabilities, and to analyze the mechanisms facilitating duck muscle development posthatching. peking duck breast muscle and leg muscle were collected 3, 7, and 16 wk posthatching. the morphology of the myofibers was observed by paraffin sectioning the muscles. the expression of genes involve ... | 2014 | 25306455 |
| practical aspects of vaccination of poultry against avian influenza virus. | although little has changed in vaccine technology for avian influenza virus (aiv) in the past 20 years, the approach to vaccination of poultry (chickens, turkeys and ducks) for avian influenza has evolved as highly pathogenic aiv has become endemic in several regions of the world. vaccination for low pathogenicity aiv is also becoming routine in regions where there is a high level of field challenge. in contrast, some countries will not use vaccination at all and some will only use it on an emer ... | 2014 | 25296849 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in breast muscle and skin fat of postnatal pekin duck. | lean-type pekin duck is a commercial breed that has been obtained through long-term selection. investigation of the differentially expressed genes in breast muscle and skin fat at different developmental stages will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the lean-type pekin duck phenotype. in the present study, rna-seq was performed on breast muscle and skin fat at 2-, 4- and 6-weeks of age. more than 89% of the annotated duck genes were covered by our ... | 2014 | 25264787 |
| concentration of trace elements in feathers of waterfowl, korea. | cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium (cr), copper (cu), manganese (mn), zinc (zn), and iron (fe) were analyzed in the breast feather of white-fronted geese (anser albifrons, n = 15), mallards (anas platyrhynchos, n = 4), and spot-billed ducks (anas poecilorhyncha, n = 13) found dead in gimpo, korea. all of the mallards and eight of the 13 spot-billed ducks had embedded shot. concentrations of pb, cr, cu, mn, zn, and fe were significantly different among waterfowl species. mallards with embedded sho ... | 2014 | 25208517 |
| experimental evidence for enhanced top-down control of freshwater macrophytes with nutrient enrichment. | the abundance of primary producers is controlled by bottom-up and top-down forces. despite the fact that there is consensus that the abundance of freshwater macrophytes is strongly influenced by the availability of resources for plant growth, the importance of top-down control by vertebrate consumers is debated, because field studies yield contrasting results. we hypothesized that these bottom-up and top-down forces may interact, and that consumer impact on macrophyte abundance depends on the nu ... | 2014 | 25194349 |
| a novel minisequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism marker of the lysozyme gene detects high hatchability of tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | lysozyme, one of the major albumen antimicrobials, can break down the polysaccharide walls of a broad spectrum of bacteria. this study presents a novel lysozyme marker of high hatchability in the form of minisequencing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). recently, lysozyme was identified by complementary dna microarray analysis as one of several differentially expressed genes noted to influence hatchability and recognized as a marker candidate for animal marker-assisted selection. higher lev ... | 2014 | 25179861 |
| lm and tem study of the orthokeratinized and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue in the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos f. domestica). | the previous histological studies of the lingual mucosa in birds characterized two types of keratinized epithelium, i.e. orthokeratinized and parakeratinized. these epithelia are composed of three layers: basal, intermediate and keratinized. the present study showed detailed ultrastructural features of cells in particular layers of two types of keratinized epithelia on the tongue in the domestic duck and defined structural differences. tem observations showed a gradual reduction in cell organell ... | 2014 | 25137178 |
| a survey of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection in domestic and wild birds in chittagong and greater sylhet, bangladesh. | a survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection as determined by faecal examination was conducted among domestic and wild birds in bangladesh. birds were sampled from households, wet markets and wetlands in chittagong and greater sylhet districts during april 2012 to february 2013. mist nets were used to catch resident wild and migratory birds. the overall prevalence of parasitic infection ranged among locations from 25 to 55% in indigenous domestic ducks (live bird samples=304), 20% in residen ... | 2014 | 25132060 |
| yolk size and ovulation order determine fertility within double-yolked duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) eggs. | herein we examined the effects of yolk size and ovulation order on the fertilisation of yolks within double-yolked (dy) duck eggs. single-yolked (sy) duck eggs had high fertility (89.98%), whereas in dy duck eggs fertility was low (51.9% yolks). the yolks closer to the airspace (yolk 1) in dy eggs had higher fertility (68.82% vs 34.98% for yolk 2; p<0.001). when only one of the two yolks was fertilised, yolk 1 was fertilised in 99.12% of those eggs. yolk 1 is presumed to be the first ovulated. t ... | 2016 | 25109712 |
| improving residual feed intake of mule progeny of muscovy ducks: genetic parameters and responses to selection with emphasis on carcass composition and fatty liver quality. | in france, about 95% of the fatty liver production comes from mule ducks, an infertile hybrid cross between female common ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and muscovy drakes (cairina moschata). as a hybrid, genetic improvement of the performance of mule ducks is achieved by selection of the parental populations. feed represents two-thirds of the total costs of duck production; thus, the breeders' main concern is to improve the birds' feed efficiency without impairing their capacity to be overfed after ... | 2014 | 25085390 |
| selection and crossbreeding in relation to plumage color inheritance in three chinese egg type duck breeds (anas platyrhynchos). | in china and south east asia, the duck (common duck) is important in egg production for human consumption. plumage color is a breed characteristic and of economic importance, together with egg production. our aim in this study was to investigate the inheritance of plumage color in three chinese indigenous egg-type duck breeds, shan ma (s), putian white (f) and putian black (p), and some of their crossbreds. these three breeds have different plumage color and are used in crossbreeding. the crossb ... | 2014 | 25083099 |
| campylobacter infections in four poultry species in respect of frequency, onset of infection and seasonality. | over a seven-year period (2001-2007) flocks of four poultry species, 52 broiler flocks, 46 pekin duck flocks, 22 muscovy duck flocks, 20 turkey flocks, which were kept on the same farm, were continuously investigated for campylobacter (c). altogether 76.1% of the broiler flocks, 59.6% of the pekin duck flocks, 68.2% of the muscovy duck flocks and 90.0% turkey flocks were campylobacter positive. the prevalence during the course of the fattening period increased steadily. there was no specific poi ... | 2014 | 25080818 |
| the effects of environmental enrichment devices on feather picking in commercially housed pekin ducks. | like other poultry species, pekin ducks occasionally show an auto-mutilation behavior referred to as feather picking. self-picking can lead to further pecking by conspecifics and ultimately to reduced feather quality and poor overall health of the bird. although the reasons underlying feather picking are not clear, it appears to occur when the ducks are transitioning between downy feathers and adult plumage, between 17 and 22 d of age. we hypothesized that giving pekin ducks a substitute outlet ... | 2014 | 25037824 |
| diurnal profiles of melatonin synthesis-related indoles, catecholamines and their metabolites in the duck pineal organ. | this study characterizes the diurnal profiles of ten melatonin synthesis-related indoles, the quantitative relations between these compounds, and daily variations in the contents of catecholamines and their metabolites in the domestic duck pineal organ. fourteen-week-old birds, which were reared under a 12l:12d cycle, were killed at two-hour intervals. the indole contents were measured using hplc with fluorescence detection, whereas the levels of catecholamines and their metabolites were measure ... | 2014 | 25032843 |
| a consensus approach to vertebrate de novo transcriptome assembly from rna-seq data: assembly of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) transcriptome. | for vertebrate organisms where a reference genome is not available, de novo transcriptome assembly enables a cost effective insight into the identification of tissue specific or differentially expressed genes and variation of the coding part of the genome. however, since there are a number of different tools and parameters that can be used to reconstruct transcripts, it is difficult to determine an optimal method. here we suggest a pipeline based on (1) assessing the performance of three differe ... | 2014 | 25009556 |
| health of domestic mallards (anas platyrhynchos domestica) following exposure to oil sands process-affected water. | bitumen extraction from the oil sands of northern alberta produces large volumes of process-affected water that contains substances toxic to wildlife. recent monitoring has shown that tens of thousands of birds land on ponds containing this water annually, creating an urgent need to understand its effects on bird health. we emulated the repeated, short-term exposures that migrating water birds are thought to experience by exposing pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica) to recycled oil sands ... | 2014 | 25003652 |
| the influence of choice feeding and cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance of mule ducks. | the aim of this trial was to study the influence of choice feeding and cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance of ducks. in total, 624 one-day-old male mule ducks (cairina moschata × anas platyrhynchos) were divided into 3 groups differing in the diet they received between 56 and 84 d of age: a commercial complete pelleted diet (control group; amen 12.1 mj/kg, cp 15%), or corn whole seeds (amen 14.4 mj/kg, cp 7.3%) and protein-rich pellets (amen 9.9 mj/kg, cp 2 ... | 2014 | 25002547 |
| molecular cloning, expression and characterization of pekin duck interferon-λ. | interferons (ifns) are the first line of defense against viral infections in vertebrates. type iii interferon (ifn-λ) is recognized for its key role in innate immunity of tissues of epithelial origin. here we describe the identification of the pekin duck ifn-λ ortholog (duifn-λ). the predicted duifn-λ protein has an amino acid identity of 63%, 38%, 37% and 33% with chicken ifn-λ and human ifn-λ3, ifn-λ2 and ifn-λ1, respectively. the duck genome contains a single ifn-λ gene that is comprised of f ... | 2014 | 24992029 |
| genetic characterization of the longsheng duck (anas platyrhynchos) based on the mitochondrial dna. | the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the longsheng duck was measured by pcr-based methods. our research findings revealed that the entire mitochondrial genome of the longsheng duck was 16,603 bp (genbank accession number: kj739616). the contents of a, t, c, and g in the mitochondrial genome were 29.22%, 22.21%, 32.79% and 15.77%, respectively, which were similar to the majority of most avian species. the complete mitochondrial genome of the longsheng duck contains 13 protein-coding gene ... | 2016 | 24989051 |
| genetic and pathogenic characteristics of h1 avian and swine influenza a viruses. | this study examined the potential for cross-species transmission of influenza viruses by comparing the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of h1 avian influenza viruses (aivs) with different host origins in korea. antigenic and phylogenetic analyses of h1 aivs circulating in korea provided evidence of genetic similarity between viruses that infect domestic ducks and those that infect wild birds, although there was no relationship between avian and swine viruses. however, there were some relat ... | 2014 | 24973238 |
| movements, home-range size and habitat selection of mallards during autumn migration. | the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) is a focal species in game management, epidemiology and ornithology, but comparably little research has focused on the ecology of the migration seasons. we studied habitat use, time-budgets, home-range sizes, habitat selection, and movements based on spatial data collected with gps devices attached to wild mallards trapped at an autumn stopover site in the northwest european flyway. sixteen individuals (13 males, 3 females) were followed for 15-38 days in october ... | 2014 | 24971887 |
| whole genome sequence of a goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus detected in hungary. | goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (ghpv) provoke haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of domestic geese. outbreaks were detected in european countries and caused economic losses for goose keepers. domestic ducks may be infected with ghpv without any signs typical for geese. the genomic organisation of some isolates was described but the gene functions and the pathomechanisms of the virus was not precisely defined. here we describe the genome sequence and structure of ghpv of a goose from a hungari ... | 2014 | 24939688 |
| reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in multiple avian species. | quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) rapidly and reliably quantifies gene expression levels across different experimental conditions. selection of suitable reference genes is essential for meaningful normalization and thus correct interpretation of data. in recent years, an increasing number of avian species other than the chicken has been investigated molecularly, highlighting the need for an experimentally validated pan-avian primer set for reference genes. here we report testing a set for 14 can ... | 2014 | 24926893 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci affecting some carcass and meat traits in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | contrary to chicken and livestock mammals, duck genome has not been explored much. nowadays a relatively small number of reports on molecular variability and mapping of loci in peking ducks has been published. therefore, the objective of this study was to detect single loci affecting body weight, carcass and meat traits in peking ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the study was based on an f2 cross between two parental lines a-55 and gl-30. phenotypes of 387 birds from generation f2 including carcass a ... | 2014 | 24913959 |
| morphogenesis of the tongue mucosa in the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos f. domestica) during the late embryonic stages. | the tongue in domestic duck, as in other anseriformes, is characterized by wide variety of shape and mechanical papillae and they fulfill different function during food collection. the present work aims to describe morphological features of the tongue as well as the pace formation of the mechanical papillae during embryonic period. the results may allow to answer whether the tongue in duck is ready to fulfill feeding function after hatching. the study revealed that the particular part of the ton ... | 2014 | 24909127 |
| dietary threonine requirement of pekin ducks from 15 to 35 days of age based on performance, yield, serum natural antibodies, and intestinal mucin secretion. | a study was conducted to establish the dietary thr requirement of pekin ducks from 15 to 35 d of age. experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.85% thr (0.57, 0.60, 0.64, 0.72, and 0.80% on an analyzed basis) and were studied in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, each diet was fed to 10 pens of 52 drakes per pen. samples were collected at d 35 for determinations of carcass yields, serum immune parameters, and intestinal characteristics. experiment 2 was a digestibi ... | 2014 | 24902703 |
| characterization of cytokine expression induced by avian influenza virus infection with real-time rt-pcr. | knowledge of how birds react to infection from avian influenza virus is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis and host response. the use of real-time (r) rt-pcr to measure innate immunity, including cytokine and interferon gene expression, has become a standard technique employed by avian immunologists interested in examining these responses. this technique utilizes nucleotide primers and fluorescent reporter molecules to measure amplification of the gene of interest. the use of rrt-pcr ... | 2014 | 24899432 |